常用微生物学英语词汇

常用微生物学 英语 关于好奇心的名言警句英语高中英语词汇下载高中英语词汇 下载英语衡水体下载小学英语关于形容词和副词的题 词汇落secondarycolony粗糙型菌落roughcolony光滑型菌落smoothcolony丝状型菌落filamentoustypecolony子菌落daughtercolony深层菌落deepcolony粘液型菌落mucoidcolony巨大菌落giantcolony侏儒型菌落dwarfcolony菌苔lawn菌胶团zoogloea菌膜pellicle[菌]醭mycoderm,pellicle群游现象swarming菌柄stipe[菌体]附器appendage鞭毛flagellum周质鞭毛periplasmicflagella轴丝axialfilament菌毛pilus性丝***pilus外生孢子exospore内生孢子endospore芽孢spore芽孢形成sporulation终端芽孢terminalspore近端芽孢subterminalspore中生芽孢centralspore前芽孢forespore[芽孢]皮层cortex芽孢外膜exitine芽孢内膜intine外壁exine伴胞晶体parasporalcrystal菌蜕ghost鞘sheath荚膜capsule粘液层slimelayer微荚膜microcapsule壁膜间隙periplasmicspace原生质体protoplast原生质球spheroplast气泡gasvacuole甲烷粒体methanochondria间体mesosome载色体chromatophore鞭毛基体flagellarbasalbody异染质volutin异染粒matachromaticgranules致死颗粒killerparticle紫膜purplemembrane噬菌体bacteriophage无囊盖类inoperculatae超显微微生物ultramicroscopicorganism真菌噬菌体mycophage噬藻体phycophage烈性噬菌体virulentphage温和噬菌体temperatephage前原噬菌体preprophage原噬菌体prophage隐性前噬菌体crypticprophage营养期噬菌体vegetativephage载体噬菌体carrierphageλ噬菌体lambdaparticlesphage[可]诱导噬菌体induciblephage同源免疫噬菌体homoimmunephage噬菌体分型bacteriophagetyping噬菌体型phagetype噬菌体变型phagevar噬斑plaque[噬菌体]聚合头部polyhead[噬菌体]聚合尾鞘polysheath[噬菌体]伞毛fimbrium[噬菌体]颈须whisker[噬菌体]先导蛋白pilotprotein[噬菌体]尾丝抗原fiberantigen[噬菌体]顶体apex[噬菌体]基片插孔base-platehub[噬菌体]基片丝base-platefibril[噬菌体]基片楔突base-platewedge[噬菌体]串联体concatemer[噬菌体]颈部collar[噬菌体]顶部壳粒apicalcapsomere[噬菌体]尾丝tailfiber[噬菌体]畸形体monster[噬菌体]颈圈connector[噬菌体]髓部core[噬菌体]头部head[噬菌体]尾部tail[噬菌体]尾管tailtube[噬菌体]尾鞘tailsheath类病毒viroid病毒virus真病毒euvirus亚病毒subvirus原病毒provirus拟病毒virusoid卫星病毒satellitevirus假型病毒pseudotypevirus慢病毒slowvirus辅助病毒helpervirus过客病毒passengervirus多分体病毒multicomponentvirus昆虫痘病毒entomopoxvirus,EPV颗粒体症病毒granulosisvirus,GV多角体病毒polyhedrosisvirus核型多角体病毒nuclearpolyhedrosisvirus,NPV质型多角体病毒cytoplasmicpolyhedrosisvirus,CPV多粒包埋型病毒multipleembeddedvirus单粒包埋型病毒singlyembeddedvirus伴随病毒associatedvirus浓核病毒densovirus,DNV内源病毒endogenousvirus潜伏病毒latentvirus肠道病毒enterovirus艾柯病毒ECHOvirus虫媒病毒arbovirus腺病毒adenovirus腺伴随病毒adenoassociatedvirus真菌病毒mycovirus肿瘤病毒oncovirus逆[转]录病毒retrovirus坏死病毒necrosisvirus虹彩病毒iridovirus泛嗜性病毒pantropicvirus毒株strain原[生小]体elementarybody包含体inclusionbody顾氏小体Guarnieri'sbodies内氏小体Negri'sbody病毒[粒]体virion裸露病毒[粒]体nakedvirion假病毒体pseudovirion立体对称cubicalsymmetry二十面体对称icosahedralsymmetry螺旋对称helicalsymmetry[病毒]五邻体pentomer,pentons[病毒]六邻体hexonmer,hexons复合对称complexsymmetry包膜突起peplomerbody包膜envelope,peplos蛋白质包膜proteinenvelope[病毒]包膜抗原envelopeantigen[病毒]壳体capsid[病毒]壳粒capsomer,capsomere二十面[体]壳体icosahedroncapsid核心core核壳nucleocapsid病毒原质体viroplasma病毒束virusbundle多角体polyhedron多角体蛋白polyhedrin颗粒体granule颗粒体蛋白granulin类核nucleoid内含颗粒inclusiongranuleX体X-body[病毒]早期蛋白earlyprotein[病毒]晚期蛋白lateprotein负链negativestrand正链positivestrand复制子replicon病毒发生基质virogenicstroma衣原体chlamydia[衣原体]始体initialbody立克次氏体rickettsia假肽聚糖pseudopeptidoglycan肽聚糖peptidoglycan磷壁酸teichoicacid胞壁酸muramicacid2,6-吡啶二羧酸dipicolinicacid,DPA脂多糖类lipopolysaccharides多糖包被glycocalyx鞭毛蛋白flagellin菌毛蛋白pilin杀白细胞素leucocidin豆血红蛋白leghaemoglobin藻胆蛋白phycobiliprotein藻青蛋白phycocyanin藻红蛋白phycoerythrin藻青素cyanophycin藻蓝素algocyan,leucocyan藻胆素phycobilin藻红[胆]素phycoerythrobilin藻蓝胆素phycocyanobilin藻青素颗粒cyanophycingranule别藻蓝素allophycocyanin类葫萝卜素carotenoids细菌淀粉粒granulose聚β羟基丁酸盐poly-β-hydroxybutyrate葡萄球菌A蛋白staphylococcalproteinA,SPA纯化蛋白衍生物purifiedproteinderivative,PPD[葡萄球菌]凝固酶staphylocoagulaseβ[细胞]溶素β-lysinα淀粉酶α-amylase通透酶permease胞内酶intracellularenzyme胞外酶extracellularenzyme果胶酶pectinase逆[转]录酶reversetranscriptase凝固酶coagulase受体破坏酶receptordestroyingenzyme,RDE透明质酸酶hyaluronidase纤维素酶cellulase链道酶streptodornase,SD链激酶streptokinase,SK神经氨酸酶neuraminidase青霉素酶penicillinase溶菌酶lysozyme[细菌]紫膜质bacteriorhodopsin菌紫素bacteriopurpurin[细]菌[叶]绿素bacteriochlorophyll自溶素autolysin亲菌素bacteriotropin攻击素aggressin抑殖素ablastin粘附素adhesin菌红素bacterioerythrin灵菌毒素prodigiosustoxin细菌素bacteriocin麻风菌素lepromin葡萄球菌素staphylococcin伞菌氨酸agarfitine苏云金菌素thuricin肠球菌素enterococcin布氏菌素brucellin大肠菌素colicin,colicine丁香假单胞菌素syringacin黄色粘球菌素xanthacin链球菌素streptocin流产菌素abortin绿脓[菌]素pyocyanin红假单胞菌素rhodopseudomonacin绿脓菌荧光素pyofluorescein白喉毒素diphtheriatoxin杯伞素clitocybine白细胞溶素leucolysin表皮溶解毒素epidermolytictoxin产气荚膜梭菌素perfringocin肠毒素enterotoxin毒蝇碱muscarine肺炎球菌毒素pneumotoxin鬼笔[毒]环肽phalloidin根霉蝶呤rhizopterin肺炎[链]球菌溶血素pneumolysin黑粉菌酸ustilagicacid分枝菌酸mycolicacid齿孔酸eburicoicacid根霉促进素rhizopin蘑菇素agaricin蘑菇酸agaricinicacid红斑毒素erythrogenictoxin黄曲霉毒素aflatoxin菌丝酰胺mycelianamide绿脓杆菌溶血素pyocyanolysin葡萄球菌溶血毒素staphylolysin真菌毒素mycotoxin曲霉毒素aspertoxin赭曲毒素ochratoxin曲酸kojicacid破伤风[菌]痉挛毒素tetanospasmin溶葡萄球菌素lysostaphin破伤风[菌]溶血素tetanolysin溶纤维蛋白溶酶fibrinolysin溶血素hemolysin鼠疫菌素pesticin神经毒素neurotoxin杀[细]菌素bactericidin外毒素exotoxin内毒素endotoxin细菌毒素bacteriotoxin血凝素hemagglutinin杂色曲霉素AversicolorinA柄曲霉素sterigmatocystin毒植物素phytotoxin真菌醇mykol链球菌溶血素streptolysin剥脱性毒素exfoliativetoxin细菌荧光素bacteriofluorescein[放线菌]土臭味素geosmins土壤杆菌素agrobacteriocin产甲烷[作用]methanogenesis生物转化bioconversion生长因子growthfactor420因子factor420V因子VfactorX因子Xfactor微生物学microbiology病毒学virology噬菌体学bacteriophagology细菌学bacteriology鉴定细菌学determinativebacteriology系统细菌学systematicbacteriology真菌学mycology原生生物学protistology原生动物学protozoology普通微生物学generalmicrobilogy微生物分类学microbialtaxonomy微生物生理学microbialphysiology微生物生物化学microbialbiochemistry微生物遗传学microbialgenetics微生物生态学microbialecology古微生物学paleomicrobiology土壤微生物学soilmicrobiology水生微生物学aquaticmicrobiology海洋微生物学marinemicrobiology悉生生物学gnotobiology医学微生物学medicalmicrobiology兽医微生物学veterinarymicrobiology农业微生物学agriculturalmicrobiology工业微生物学industrialmicrobiology石油微生物学petroleummicrobiology食品微生物学foodmicrobiology乳品微生物学diarymicrobiology瘤胃微生物学rumenmicrobiology诊断微生物学diagnosticmicrobiology病原学etiology国际微生物学会联合会InternationalUnionofMicrobiologicalSocieties,IUMS中国微生物学会ChineseSocietyforMicrobiology,CSM世界培养物保藏协会WorldFederationforCultureCollection,WFCC中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会ChinaCommitteeforCultureCollectionofMicroorganisms,CCCCM美国模式培养物保藏所AmericanTypeCultureCollection,ATCC自然发生说，无生源说spontaneousgeneration,abiogenesis原界urkingdom始祖生物progenote古始生物界archetista古细菌archaebacteria原生生物protista原生动物protozoan原生植物protophyte真核生物eukaryote原核生物prokaryote裂殖植物schizophyte微生物microorganism数值分类法numericaltaxonomy模式目typeorder模式科typefamily模式属typegenus模式种typespecies模式株typestrain真菌fungi捕食真菌predaciousfungi虫道真菌ambrosiafungi地下真菌hypogealfungi虫生真菌entomogenousfungi菌根真菌mycorrhizalfungi木腐菌wood-decayfungi霉菌mold,mould半知菌imperfectfungi子囊菌ascomycetes粘菌slimemold,slimemould壶菌chytrid卵菌oomycetes接合菌zygomycetes担子菌basidiomycetes核菌pyrenomycetes盘菌cupfungi块菌truffles锈菌rustfungi蘑菇mushrooms毒蘑菇poisonousmushroom酵母菌yeast无孢子酵母菌asporogenousyeasts有孢子酵母菌sporogenousyeasts黑粉菌smutfungi双态性真菌dimorphicfungi毛外癣菌ectothrix毛内癣菌endothrix完全真菌perfectfungi黑粉病smutdisease锈病rustdisease菌丝hypha菌髓trama假菌丝体pseudomycelium气生菌丝体aerialmycelium基内菌丝体substratemycelium球拍状菌丝体racquetmycelium结节状菌丝nodularmycelium梳状菌丝pectinafemycelium螺旋菌丝spiralmycelium匍匐菌丝stolon次生菌丝体secondarymycelium有隔菌丝septatehypha无隔菌丝nonseptatehypha生殖菌丝体reproductivemycelium营养菌丝体vegetativemycelium不育菌丝体sterilemycelium菌丝体mycelium黄癣菌丝favicchandeliermycelium产囊丝ascogenoushypha产囊体ascogonium原植体thallus粘菌体aethalium合胞体syncytium虫菌体hyphalbody盾状体clypeus子实体fruitingbody产孢体gleba子实层体hymenophore子实层hymenium子实下层subhymenium菌丝层subiculum菌丝段hyphalfragment菌丝束coremium菌丝索funiculus菌核sclerotium器菌核pycnosclerotium菌环annulus菌裙indusium菌盖pileus顶体apicle藏卵器oogonium雄器antheridium[锈菌]性孢子器pycnium锈子器aecium精子器spermogonium囊状体cystidium粉孢子梗oidiophore小梗sterigma接合孢子柄zygosporophore孢囊柄sporangiophore配囊柄suspensor孢子梗sporophore分生孢子梗conidiophore雄器柄androphore帚状枝penicillus瓶梗phialide梗基metulae芽孔germpore芽管germtube芽缝germslit孢丝capillitium周丝periphysis类周丝periphysoid侧丝paraphysis拟侧丝pseudoparaphysis类侧丝paraphysoid[孢子]外壁exosporium外生菌根ectomycorrhiza内生菌根endomycorrhiza内外生菌根ectendomycorrhiza泡囊丛枝菌根vesicular-arbuscularmycorrhiza刺突spike弹丝elater刚毛seta微体microbody泡囊vesicle隔膜septum假隔膜pseudoseptum分生孢子盘acervulus分生孢子座sporodochium精子团spermatium囊基膜hypothallus囊层基hypothecium囊层被epithecium囊间丝hamathecium囊托apophysis囊领collarette囊轴columella孔口ostiole菌托volva孢子角cirrus孢子球sporeball孢子印sporeprint聚簇cluster[菌丝]融合anastomosis[孢子]切落abjunction[孢子]缢断abstriction多态[现象]polymorphism缢缩[作用]constriction粉孢子oidium孢子spore掷孢子ballistospore厚壁孢子chlamydospore环痕孢子annellospore节孢子arthrospore卷旋孢子helicospore腊肠形孢子allantospore孔出孢子porospore星形孢子staurospore线形孢子scolecospore砖格孢子dictyospore侧生孢子aleuriospore芽生孢子blastospore瓶梗孢子phialospore无梗孢子thallospore分生孢子conidium大分生孢子macroconidium小分生孢子microconidium节分生孢子arthroconidium芽分生孢子blastoconidium器孢子pycnidiospore无隔孢子amerospore双胞孢子didymospore多隔孢子phragmospore休眠孢子hypnospore顶生孢子acrospore顶生厚壁孢子fuseau内分生孢子endoconidium担孢子basidiospore双孢担孢子dispore同形孢子isospore柄生孢子stylospore[锈菌]性孢子pycniospore产雄器孢子androspore锈孢子aeciospore夏孢子urediniospore,aeciospore冬孢子teliospore四分孢子tetraspore粘孢子myxospore多核孢子coenospore孢囊孢子sporangiospore子囊孢子ascospore多核细胞coenocyte分生孢子果conidiocarp分生孢子器pycnidium孢[子]囊sporangium柱孢子囊merosporangium四分孢子囊tetrasporangium原孢子囊prosporangium多核孢子囊coenosporangium休眠孢子囊hypnosporangium子囊ascus接合孢子zygospore拟接合孢子azygospore原囊壁子囊prototunicateascus单囊壁子囊unitunicateascus双囊壁子囊bitunicateascus子囊果ascocarp子囊壳perithecium闭囊壳cleistothecium闭囊果cleistocarp盘状子囊果discocarp孢囊果sporangiocarp[接]合子zygote单性合子azygote多核合子coenozygote异形合子heterozygote合子核zygotonucleus游动合子planozygote担子basidium半担子hemibasidium隔担子heterobasidium无隔担子holobasidium有隔担子phragmobasidium内生担子endobasidium原担子protobasidium上担子epibasidium下担子hypobasidium同担子homobasidium担子果basidiocarp担子体basidiophore配子gamete原配子progamete雄配子androgamete雄核发育androgenesis同形配子isogamete异形配子heterogamete游动配子zoogamete多核配子coenogamete配子囊gametangium配子母细胞gametocyte同形配子囊isogametangium原配子囊progametangium小孢子囊sporangiole微包囊microcyst足细胞footcell脚胞footcell固着器holdfast附着枝hyphopodium吸盘sucker锁状细胞clampcell锁状联合clampconnection偶核细胞zeugite卵球oosphere卵质ooplasm孢原质sporoplasm卵配子oogamete卵孢子oospore球状胞sphaerocyst子囊腔locule子囊盘apothecium子囊座ascostroma缝裂壳hysterothecium下子座hypostroma包被peridium子座stroma壳心centrum拟包被pseudoperidium无融合生殖apomixis同宗配合homothallism准性生殖para***uality异宗配合heterothallism同配生殖isogamy异配生殖heterogamy无配生殖apogamy配囊交配gametangialcopulation交配型matingtype全型holomorph夏孢子期uredostage冬孢子堆teleutosorus,telium夏孢子堆uredinium子囊孢子形成ascosporulation孢子形成sporulation细菌bacteria薄壁[细]菌类gracilicutes硬壁[细]菌类fermicutes疵壁[细]菌类mendosicutes无壁[细]菌类tenericutes柔膜细菌mollicutes真细菌eubacteria暗细菌scotobacteria无氧光细菌anoxyphotobacteria生氧光细菌oxyphotobacteria放线菌actinomycetes螺[旋]菌spirilla粘细菌slimebacteria鞘细菌sheathedbacteria柄细菌caulobacteria弧菌vibrio根瘤细菌rootnodulebacteria硫酸盐还原菌sulfatereductingbacteria硫细菌sulfurbacteria铁细菌ironbacteria紫色无硫细菌purplenonsulfurbacteria产甲烷菌methanogen辅酶McoenzymeM微量营养micronutrient特需营养 要求 对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗 型idiotroph微[量]动[力]作用oligodynamicaction抗代谢物antimetabolites索状因子cordfactor异株克生物质allelopathicsubstances光能无机营养photolithotrophy光能有机营养photoorganotrophy化能无机营养chemolithotrophy化能有机营养chemoorganotrophy光营养phototrophy兼性营养amphitrophy腐生营养saprophyticnutrition甲基营养methylotrophy化能营养chemotrophy自养autotrophy光能自养photoautotrophy化能自养chemoautotrophy半自养mesotrophy异养heterotrophy氮平衡nitrogenbalance碳平衡carbonbalance磷平衡phosphorusbalance同化作用assimilation异化作用dissimilation氨化作用ammonification硝化作用nitrification反硝化作用denitrification固氮作用nitrogenfixation非共生固氮作用asymbioticnitrogenfixation光同化作用photo-assimilation巴氏效应Pasteureffect葡萄糖效应glucoseeffect种间分子氢转移interspeciesHtransfer发酵fermentation发酵[能]力fermentationcapacity可发酵性fermentability同型发酵homofermentation异型发酵heterofermentation厌氧消化anaerobicdigestion厌氧呼吸anaerobicrespiration厌氧生活anaerobiosis需氧呼吸aerobicrespiration需氧生活aerobiosis反馈抑制feedbackinhibition内源变量endogenenousvariable异养潜能heterotrophicpotential溶菌丝作用hypholyticaction溶菌作用bacteriolysis费氏[溶菌]现象Pfeiffer'sphenomenon自溶[现象]autolysis裂殖schizogenesis芽殖budding二分分裂binaryfission不等分裂unequalfission断裂fragmentation复分裂multiplefission隐蔽期eclipseperiod比生长速率specificgrowthrate同步生长synchronousgrowth双峰生长曲线diauxiegrowthcurve延滞期lagphase一步生长[曲线]onestepgrowth时间-存活曲线time-survivalcurve倍增时间doublingtime指数生长exponentialgrowth衰亡期declinephase稳定期stationaryphase对数期logphase时间节律temporalrhythm隐生现象cryptobiosis休眠dormancy衰老型involutionform静息细胞restingcell光复活作用photoreactivation交*复活crossreactivation热[致]死时thermaldeathtime热[致]死点thermaldeathpoint原生质体再生protoplastregeneration[噬菌体]接合分裂conjugatedivision[噬菌体]裂解阻抑lysisinhibition[噬菌体]裂解量burstsize[噬菌体]生产性感染productiveinfection[噬菌体]自愈curing病毒复制replicationofvirus复制周期replicativecycle裂解周期lyticcycle[病毒]侵入penetration病毒入胞现象viropexis[病毒]脱壳uncoating[病毒]装配assembly蚀斑plaque蚀斑形成单位plaqueformingunit,PFU成斑效率efficiencyofplating强毒株virulentstrain[狂犬病]固定毒fixedvirus[狂犬病]街毒streetvirus病毒抑制作用viralinhibition病毒诱导virusinduction[流感病毒]α抑制物α-inhibitor[流感病毒]朱氏抑制物Chu-inhibitor,β－inhibitor干扰素interferon干扰[现象]interference溶原化lysogenization溶原性lysogeny溶原现象lysogenesis抗生素antibiotic阿克拉霉素aclacinomycin放线酮actidione,cycloheximide放线菌素actinomycin阿霉素adriamycin氨丁苷菌素ambutyrosin7-氨基头孢菌酸7-aminocephalosporinicacid6-氨基青霉烷酸6-aminopenicillanicacid两性霉素amphotericin安丝菌素ansamitocin抗蠕霉素anthelmycin抗霉素antimycin阿泊拉霉素apramycin除疟霉素aplasmomycin曲霉菌素aspergillin除虫菌素avermectin杆菌肽bacitracin双环霉素bicyclomycin杀稻瘟素blasticidin博来霉素bleomycin丁苷菌素butirosin,butyrosin杀假丝菌素candicidin卷曲霉素capreomycin,capromycin腐霉素carriomycin洋红霉素carminomycin天青菌素celesticetin头孢菌素cephalosporin氯霉素chloromycetin,chloramphenicol金霉素chloroteracycline,aureomycin色霉素chromomycin创新霉素chuangxinmycin棒酸clavulanicacid氯林肯霉素clindamycin粘菌素colistin鬼伞菌素coprinin蛹虫草菌素cordycepin香菇菌素cortinellin环孢菌素cyclosporin环丝氨酸cycloserine松胞菌素cytochalasin胞霉素cytomycin道诺霉素daunomycin越霉素destomycin偏端霉素distamycin红霉素erythromycin抑酯酶素esterastin扁枝衣霉素everninomicin间型霉素formycin健霉素fortimicin磷霉素fosfomycin,phosphonomycin镰孢菌酸fusarinicacid艮他霉素gentamicin胶霉毒素gliotoxin谷氏菌素gougerotin短杆菌肽gramicidin灰霉素grisein灰黄霉素griseofulvin除莠菌素herbicidin除莠霉素herbimycin全霉素holomycin潮霉素hygromycin岛霉素ilamycin天神霉素istamycin双氢除虫菌素ivermectin交沙霉素josamycin卡那霉素kanamycin春日霉素kasugamycin柱晶白霉素leucomycin林可霉素lincomycin美登素maytenin酒霉素methymycin光神霉素mithramycin丝裂霉素mitomycin莫能菌素monensin菌霉素mycomycin霉酚酸mycophenolicacid麦迪霉素mydecamycin,midecamycin暗霉素nebramycin新霉素neomycin纺锤菌素netropsin诺卡菌素nocardin新生霉素novobiocin制霉菌素nystatin竹桃霉素oleandomycin蛇孢菌素ophiobollin展青霉素patulin青霉酸penicillicacid青霉素penicillin多氧菌素polyoxin多粘菌素polymyxin灵菌红素prodigiosin制反转录酶素revistin核糖霉素ribostamycin,vistamycin利福霉素rifamycin龟裂杀菌素rimocidin瑞斯托菌素ristocetin蔷薇霉素rosamicin红比霉素rubidomycin相模霉素sagamicin盐霉素salinomycin肉瘤霉素sarkomycin制唾酸酶素siastatin紫苏霉素sisomicin壮观霉素spectinomycin,actinospectacin螺旋霉素spiramycin链霉素streptomycin链黑菌素streptonigrin链丝菌素streptothricin枯草菌素subtilin杀鱼菌素teleocidin土霉素terramycin,oxytetracycline四环素tetracycline噻烯霉素thienamycin硫藤黄素thiolutin妥布拉霉素tobramycin木霉菌素trichodermin抗滴虫霉素trichomycin衣霉素tunicamycin泰乐菌素tylosin焦曲菌素ustin有效霉素validamycin缬氨霉素valinomycin,aminomycin万古霉素vancomycin疣孢菌素verrucarine优胜霉素victomycin紫霉素viomycin巴龙霉素paromomycin遗传转化genetictransformation供体donor受体recipient转化体transformant感受态competence光滑型smoothtype粗糙型roughtype无性型anamorph克隆clone有性型teleomorph异源性heterology同源性homology转导transduction局限转导restrictedtransduction转染transfection溶原性转换lysogenicconversion抗原性漂移antigenicdrift抗原性转变antigenicshift高频重组highfrequencyofrecombination,Hfr重组recombination接合[作用]conjugation重组体recombinant互补complementation杂合[现象]heterozygosis重组子recon接合阶段zygophase接合zygosis质粒plasmid粘粒cosmid噬粒phasmid质粒不相容性plasmidincompatibility相容性compatibility致育因子fertilityfactor性因子***factor大肠杆菌素生成因子colicinogenicfactor突变mutation表型phenotype环状染色体ringchromosome基因型genotype原养型prototroph原养菌prototrophicbacteria营养缺陷型auxotroph多重营养缺陷型polyauxotroph诱变mutagenesis诱变剂mutagen诱发变异inducedvariation突变体mutant渗漏突变体leakymutant条件突变株conditionalmutant条件致死conditionallethal温敏突变株temperaturesensitivemutants半透明型突变噬斑cococarde噬斑突变株plaquemutants宿主范围突变株hostrangemutant扇形突变sectermutationH-O变异H-Ovariation弱毒株lowvirulentstrain减毒株attenuatedstrain凝固酶因子coagulasefactor耐药[性决定]因子resistancedeterminingfactor耐药性转移因子resistancetransferfactor,RTF抗药性drug-resistance抗药因子resistancefactor抗药基因drugresistantgene抗药性菌株drugresistantstrain基因簇genecluster复制replication启动子promotor操纵子operon单形现象monomorphism双态现象dimorphism多形现象polymorphism干扰缺损颗粒defectiveinterferingparticle重分配redistribution表型混杂phenotypicmixing基因转移genetransfer原生质体融合protoplastfusion趋合子性zygotaxis向合子性zygotropism兔化毒lapinizedvirus缺损病毒defectivevirus[病毒]缺损突变株defectivemutant[流感病毒]O-D相变异O-Dvariation病毒基因virogene[病毒]早期基因earlygenes[病毒]晚期基因lategenes微生物生态系统microbialecosystem趋化性chemotaxis趋氧性aerotaxis趋光性phototaxis向化性chemotropism向氧性oxytropism向光性phototropism内共生endosymbiosis捕食作用predation拮抗作用antagonism初级合作protocooperation共生symbiosis互利共栖mutualism偏害共栖amensalism偏利共栖commensalism互养共栖syntrophism兢争[共栖]competition寄生parasitism无关共栖neutralism卫星现象satellitism协同共栖synergism异种克生[现象]allelopathy代谢共栖metabiosis共生生物symbiont聚生体consortium伴生种companions致坏死寄生物necroparsite根际微生物rhizosphericmicroorganism叶际微生物phyllosphericmicroorganism悉生生物gnotobiote腐生现象saprophytism分解者decomposer含菌细胞mycetosome嗜狭高温生物stenothermophiles广温微生物eurythermalmicroorganism狭温微生物stenothermalmicroorganisms暂居微生物transientmicrobe原生演替primarysuccession次生演替secondarysuccession异养演替heterotrophicsuccession自养演替autotrophicsuccession顶极群落climaxcommunity菌群flora区系flora微生物区系microflora土著菌群indigenousflora土著区系indigenousflora菌群失调dysbacteriosis水华blooms生物量biomass生物质biomass生物圈biosphere前发酵primaryfermentation后发酵secondaryfermentation浅盘发酵shallowtrayfermentation深层发酵submergedfermentation固态发酵solidstatefermentation液态发酵liquidstatefermentation主发酵mainfermentation连续发酵continuousfermentation半连续[型]发酵semicontinuousfermentation[罐]批发酵batchfermentation敞口发酵openfermentation上面发酵topfermentation下面发酵bottomfermentation上面酵母topyeast下面酵母bottomyeast阿明露法amyloprocess酿造brewing酿造技术brewingtechnique陈酿化aging发酵罐fermenter种子罐seedingtank手动气锁manualairlock自动气锁automaticairlock超滤膜ultrafiltrationmembrane超滤法ultrafiltration消泡剂antifoamagent醋化作用acetification酸化作用acidification糖化作用saccharification糖化剂sacchariferousagents曲Qu(rawstarter)大曲Daqu(massiverawstaterforalcholicliquor)小曲Xiaoqu(rawstartercomplex)日本酒曲koji麸曲brankoji液体曲liquidkoji起子starter,culturestarter酒母seedingyeast活性干酵母activedryyeast单细胞蛋白singlecellprotein,SCP菌丝球myceliumpellet活性污泥activatedsludge醪液mash固定化细胞immobilizedcell共固定化作用co-immobilization酸败spoilage平[罐]酸败flat-sourspoilage平罐酸败菌flatsourbacteria需氧量oxygenrequirement生物致劣deterioration微生物传感器microbialsensor微生物浸矿microbialleaching微生物杀虫剂microbialpesticide病毒杀虫剂viralpesticide根瘤rootnodule菌根mycorrhiza根瘤菌剂nitragin植物杀菌素phytocidin昆虫病原微生物entomopathogen[蜜蜂]幼虫腐臭病foulbrood固氮菌剂azotogen亚麻浸渍flaxretting生物防治biologicalcontrol沤麻retting青贮饲料silage沼气biogas无菌植物germ-freeplant侵染infection侵染性infectivity侵染中心infectiouscenter侵染剂量infectivedose,ID病毒尿症viruria病毒血症viremia菌血症bacteremia食物中毒foodpoisoning真菌中毒mycetism 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 血清standardserum混合分型血清pooledtypingserum抗血清antiserum抗白喉血清antidiphthericserum结核菌素反应tuberculinreaction卡介苗BCGvaccine抗毒素antitoxin旧结核菌素oldtuberculin,OT结核菌素单位tuberculinunit,TU致热原pyrogen病原体pathogen带[病]毒者carrier带菌者carrier感染infection传染infection原发性感染原primaryinvader继发性感染原secondaryinvader机会致病菌opportunisticpathogen条件致病菌conditionedpathogen正常菌群normalflora感染性infectivity感染中心infectiouscenter攻击力aggressivity侵袭力invasiveness皮肤坏死毒素dermatonecrotoxin毒素toxin毒力virulence感染剂量infectivedose,ID半感染剂量infectiousdose50%,ID50半数组织培养感染量50%tissuecultureinfectivedose,TCID50致病性pathogenicity致细胞病变[效应]cytopathiceffect,CPE半数致死量50%lethaldose,LD50细菌毒力bacterialvirulence神经毒力neurovirulence类毒素toxoid神经毒性neurotoxicity最小感染量minimalinfectingdose,MID最小抑菌浓度minimalinhibitoryconcentration,MIC最小致死量minimallethaldose,MLD生物制品biologicalproducts鞭毛抗原flagellarantigen菌体抗原Oantigen[细菌]包被抗原envelopeantigen菌苗bacterialvaccine疫苗vaccine活疫苗livevaccine活菌苗livebacterialvaccine单价疫苗univalentvaccine单价菌苗univalentbacterialvaccine多价菌苗polyvalentbacterialvaccine多价疫苗polyvalentvaccine三联疫苗triplevaccine联合疫苗combinedvaccine亚单位菌苗subunitbacterialvaccine亚单位疫苗subunitvaccine兔化法lapinization减毒作用attenuation自身疫苗autovaccine自身菌苗autovaccine菌苗疗法vaccinetherapy,vaccinotherapy化学疗法chemotherapy疫苗疗法vaccinetherapy,vaccinotherapy疫苗再接种revaccination再接种reinoculation自身接种autoinoculationVi抗原Viantigen乙型肝炎核心抗原HBcAg乙型肝炎表面抗原HBsAg扩散因子spreadingfactor乙型肝炎e抗原HBeAg溶血[作用]haemolysis[抗菌素的]协同作用synergism抑菌作用bacteriostasis杀芽孢剂sporicide杀病毒剂virucide抗溶[菌]素antilysin杀菌剂germicides消毒剂disinfectant抑菌剂bacteriostat抗微生物剂antimicrobialagent抗菌剂antibacterialagent抗真菌剂antifungalagent杀细菌剂bactericide杀真菌剂mycocide抑真菌剂fungistat消毒disinfection腐败putrefaction防腐antisepsis石炭酸系数phenolcoefficient药物敏感性drugsusceptibility防腐剂antiseptic大肠菌类coliformgroup大肠[杆]菌值colititre大肠[杆]菌指数coli-index指示菌indicator显微肥达氏凝集试验microscopicWidalagglutinationtest敏化细菌sensitizedbacteria无特定病原动物specificpathogenfreeanimals,SPFA无菌动物germ-freeanimal硫磺[样]颗粒sulfurgranule显微镜microscope双目显微镜binocularmicroscope倒置显微镜invertmicroscope明视野显微镜brightfieldmicroscope暗视野dark-field暗视野显微镜dark-fieldmicroscope暗视野显微术dark-fieldmicroscopy相差显微镜phasecontrastmicroscope[分辨]干涉差显微镜Diff