Unit 1 Food matters Grammar and usage 课件- 高一下学期英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第一册

Unit1Backtoschool(3)Grammarandusageexploretherulesofsentenceelementsandsentencestructures.applytherulesbydoingsomeexercises.Intoday’sclass,weshall:Lead-inMissYan,to,was,excitedto,theopportunity,give,begiven,really,aspeech.MissYanwasreallyexcitedtobegiventheopportunitytogiveaspeech.连词成句AExploringtherules主语定语宾语补语谓语状语表语同位语句子成分Doyouknowwhatsentenceelementsare?1.主语（S）表示句子表述的是“谁”或“什么”，通常由名词、代词或与其相当的结构充当。如：Thepathbeforeyouleadstoaworldfullofchallenges.(名词)Youmustmakeeffortstoimproveyourcommunicationskills.(代词)LearningEnglishopensthedoortoacolourfulworld.(动词-ing形式)Whatwechoosedecideswhatweare.(名词性从句)2.谓语（V） 说明 关于失联党员情况说明岗位说明总经理岗位说明书会计岗位说明书行政主管岗位说明书 主语的动作或特征和状态，由动词组成。由一个动词构成的是简单谓语，由两个或更多部分构成的是复合谓语。如：Amyhasagiftformusic.(简单谓语)TheclasssizeissmallintheUK.(简单谓语)Youwillfindyourselfgrowingintoawell-roundedindividual.(复合谓语)Someanimalscanunderstandhumanfeelings.(复合谓语)句子成分3.宾语（O）表示动词动作的对象，或在介词后面与介词构成介词短语。宾语通常由名词、代词或与其相当的结构充当。如：MymumteachesEnglishinamiddleschool.(名词)Weallrespecthim.(代词)Iwillsupportwhateverchoiceyoumake.(名词性从句)有时动词后面会接两个宾语，表示人的宾语通常被称为间接宾语（indirectobject）,而表示物的宾语则被称为直接宾语（directobject).如：Ican’twaittodescribetoyouwhatseniorhighschoollifeislike.4.表语（P）说明主语的特征、身份、状态等，位于系动词（be,look,go,turn,become等）后，通常由名词、代词、形容词或与其相当的结构充当。如：Todayisthestartofanewterm.(名词)TheonlypersonIcareaboutisyou.(代词)Thepossibilitiesareendless.(形容词)Youarewhatyoueat.(名词性从句)5.定语（Attr.）修饰名词或代词，表示其性质和特征，通常由形容词或与其相当的结构充当。如：Weheardanimpressivespeechlastweek.(形容词)Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.(动词-ing形式表示用途)Don’twakeupthesleepingchild.(动词-ing形式表示状态)定语有时还会置于名词或代词之后。如：Youwillhavetheopportunitytoacquiregreatknowledge.(动词不定式)Potentialisyournaturalabilitythatcanbedevelopedwhenyoutryhardenough.(定语从句)6.状语（A）修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示方式、程度、语气等，通常由副词或与其相当的结构充当。如：Carefullyplanyourstudy.(副词表方式)Sheisverycarefulaboutwhatshesays.(副词表程度)Hedidquitewellintheproject.(副词表程度)Honestly,Idon’tmindifyouwanttoleavenow.(副词表语气)GuidedbymyEnglishteacher,Ienteredawonderland.(分词作状语表方式)Makehaywhilethesunshines.(状语从句表时间)7.补语（C）用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征或状态，由名词、动词、形容词等充当。如：TheNewYorkCityiscalledtheBigApple.(名词作主补)Mr.Xuencouragesustorealizeourpotential.(动词不定式作宾补)Wepaintedthewallgreen.(形容词作宾补)8.同位语（apposition）对主语、宾语、表语进行解释，通常由名词、代词、数词或与其相当的结构充当。如：Youtwowaithere.(与主语同位)Wewereshockedbythenewsthathediedintheaccident.(与宾语同位)Ms.Xuisourprincipal,averypopularteacher.(与表语同位)Doyouknowwhatsentencestructuresare?主+系+表主+谓+间宾+直宾主+谓+宾+宾补主+谓+宾+状主+谓+状therebe句型主+谓主+谓+宾1.主＋谓（SV）。如：Fearsaregrowing.2.主＋谓＋宾（SVO）。如：Ilikeeatingrice.Iwouldliketohaveanapple.Mygrandpasaidthatricewasthemostwantedfoodinhischildhood.3.主＋系＋表（SVP）。如：Thistechnologycompanyisgrowingbiggerandbigger.Thestaplecropisrice.4.主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾（SVOO）。如：Imadeheraricecake.句子结构5.主＋谓＋宾＋宾补（SVOC）。如：Weconsiderriceanecessity.6.在SV中，谓语动词为不及物动词（intransitiveverb），后面不可再接宾语。如果有状语，其结构是：主＋谓＋状（SVA）。如：Ricegrowswellinthesouth.Bananasgrowintropicalareas.7.在SVO中，谓语动词是及物动词（transitiveverb），如果加上状语，其结构是：主＋谓＋宾＋状（SVOA）。如：Peoplegrowriceinthesouth.8.therebe句型。如：Thereisagrowingfearinthecountry.AlbertEinsteinsaid,“Ifyouwanttoliveahappylife,tieittoagoal.”(1)Iagree.Goalsareimportantinmanyways.(2)Settinggoalsgivesyouafocusinlife.Bysettinggoalsnow,youaredecidingwhatyouwanttoachieveinthefuture.Thenyouknowwhereyouaregoinginlifeandcanworkhardtogetthere.Settinggoalsalsohelpsyoudevelopgoodhabits.Torealizeyourgoals,youneedtohaveagoodplan,manageyourtimewellandpayattentiontodetails.(3)Thesehabitswillbehelpful.Finally,(4)settinggoalsmakesyoumoreconfident.Whenyouachieveagoal,youseetheresultofyourhardworkandknowhowmuchprogressyouhavemade.Agoalisadreamthatneedsaction.Asaresultofyouraction,yourdreamwillcometrueandhopefully(5)youwillliveahappylife.Onthefirstdayofschool,MissYangaveashortspeechabouttheimportanceofsettinggoals.Payattentiontotheunderlinedsentencesandfillinthetablebelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.SubjectVerbIagreeSubjectVerbPredicativeSubjectVerbObjectSubjectVerbIndirectobjectDirectobjectSubjectVerbObjectObjectcomplementThesehabitswillbehelpfulYouwillliveahappylifeSettinggoalsgivesyouafocusinlifeSettinggoalsmakesyoumoreconfidentThesubjectandthe(1)_________arenecessarypartsofasentence.Atransitiveverbisalwaysfollowedbya(n)(2)________.Someverbscanhavetwoobjects.Theindirectobjectusuallyreferstoapersonandthedirectobjectathing.Theobjectcomplementaddsmoreinformationabouttheobject.WorkingouttherulesverbobjectBApplyingtherulesB1Markthedifferentelementsofeachsentencewithdifferentsymbols.1Youwillfind(seniorhigh)schooldifferentfrom(juniorhigh)school.2(Your)schoolworkwillbemorechallenging.3Wewillgiveyou(more)independence.4Youshouldlisten[morecarefully].5Youcanjoinaclub.6Yourteacherswillhelpyou[in(many)ways].7Youwillsucceed!1Youwillfindseniorhighschooldifferentfromjuniorhighschool.2Yourschoolworkwillbemorechallenging.3Wewillgiveyoumoreindependence.4Youshouldlistenmorecarefully.5Youcanjoinaclub.6Yourteacherswillhelpyouinmanyways.7Youwillsucceed!B2Belowaresometipsaboutsettinggoals.Matchtheunderlinedsentenceswiththecorrectstructures.Writethelettersintheboxes.cbegdfaB3Whatisyourgoalforthenewterm?Howareyougoingtoachieveyourgoal?Writeaboutitusingdifferentsentencestructures.Usetheexamplebelowtohelpyou.IwilltrytoimprovemyEnglishinthenewterm.TherearealotofthingsIneedtodoachievethisgoal.IwillreadtwoEnglishnovelsthisterm.Iwillalsotrytofindalanguagepartner.JoiningtheEnglishclubwillbehelpfultometoo.Allmyeffortswillpayoff!Mygoalforthenewtermistoimprovemycommunicationskills.Toachievethisgoal,Iwillbefriendliertomyclassmates.Joiningaschoolclubwillhelpmemakemorefriends.Iwillalsoreadabookonhowtoimprovecommunicationskills.Iwillsucceed!Speakinginpublicconfidentlyremainsachallengetome.Ifinditdifficulttospeakinpublicconfidently.Mygoalforthenewtermistoimprovemycommunicationskills.Toachievethisgoal,Iwillencouragemyselftoaskandanswermorequestions.Joiningaclubalsoseemsagreatidea.Ithinkitcanoffermeagoodopportunitytomakenewfriendsandacquirenewskills.Besides,Iwillreadabookonhowtoimprovecommunicationskills.AlwaystryhardandIwillsucceed!SampleanswerPracticeCorrectthegrammarmistakesinthefollowingpassage.Managetimeproperlyisanimportantwayofleadingamoresuccessfullife.Youwillbenefitthetipsbelow.Keepadiary.Itmayseemdifficulttostart,butstickingtoitwillgivethechancetoseehowyouspendyourtime.Makeato-dolist.Sometimesyoufeelcaughtbetweensomanytasks.Inthiscase,ato-dolistmayhelpful.Youcanalsobreakbigtasksintosmallactionsteps.Thismakesdifficulttaskseasilytomanageandcomplete.Usetechnologywisely.Tomanageyourtimewell,youshouldalsomakewiselyuseofcommunicationtools.Thebestwayissetasidesometimefordealingwiththem.Youshouldnotwastetoomuchtimeonthem.︿︿︿Managingfromyoubeeasy/easierwise︿toHomeworkPolishyourwritingafterclassandexchangeyourwritingwithotherclassmates.Thankyou