国际音标学习

一、破擦辅音/tS/清，声带不振动/dZ/浊，声带振动舌尖轻触上齿龈后部，舌身抬高，舌身两侧轻触上齿内测，双唇向外突出成喇叭形，整个口腔处于比较紧张状态。KitchenfridgewitchCherrymatchChalkcherishBridgejuiceInthechargeofCheckone’sluggageTheyarechewingthefattocheatthejourney.Cantheleopardchargehisspots?本性难移Hethattalksmucherrsmuch.Astitchintimesavesnine.及时行事事半功倍二、鼻辅音/m/双唇启/n/舌尖齿龈音/N/舌根软腭音均有鼻腔流出口腔内受阻碍的气流，发音时都具有明显鼻腔共鸣的音效。/N/难点-自然张大，舌尖离开下齿并下垂，舌后部抬高，轻触软腭。LampkneelHammerwingStingcombKeepyourchinup.Amancandonomorethanhecan.Youcan’tmakesthoutofnothing.Beingonsea,sail;beingonland,settle.Springbringsmanycharmingthings.三、舌侧辅音/L/舌尖齿龈音舌尖抵上齿龈，气流经口腔由舌身两侧而出，声带振动。单词中，由于受前后方音素影响而形成两个变体。清晰/L/在词首或元音前ladyfeelinglovely含糊/L/在词末或词末辅音前buildholdill注：方言（南方）/L//h/不分！WrinklegoldenSlidedollCastleleafBringtolightdrivinglicenseCallblackwhitetakeapillLookbeforeyouleap.Youcannotclapwithonehand.孤掌难鸣It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收There’snoneedtolightanightlightonalightnightliketonightforabrightnightisjustlikeaslightlight.四、半元音/W//j/前舌抬得很高，舌身抬向硬腭，舌面和硬腭稍有摩擦VerywellYawnyogaWardrobewealandwoeWhipyesterdayoncemoreWhaleemergencyunitEventhewallshaveears.Whenwinesinks,wordsswim.Therearenobirdsofthisyear,inlastyear’snests.时过境迁首辅音连缀在同一个音节中两个或两个以上相邻辅音结合在一起的现象称为辅音连缀。注意①第一个辅音要读得轻而短促。②切忌在相邻辅音之间夹入元音。HundreddistressTrustdrawerStretchdragonDropalineTellthetruthTrickortreatDrivearoaringtrade.Devilmustbedrivenoutwithdevils.Aburntchilddreadsthefire.Jackknowsallthetricksofthetrade.尾辅音连缀/ts//dz/只出现在单词末尾，分别是以t、d结尾的名词复数，各词所有格和动词第三人称单数形式出现DarkthoughtsbiscuitsNutsandboltsseedsOddsandendsadsFactsandwordsbeadsEvenHomersometimesnods.Agoodmedicinetastesbitter.Hebeatsthebush,andanthercatchesthebirds.1.重音：英语中凡是两个音节以上的单词都有重音，有些还有次重音。Education/,edZukeiSn/注意：重音错误严重错误影响单词理解 重音变化有时会引起词性变化Content内容/满意的desertDigest摘要/消化importObject物体/反对perfectRecord录音/录音v.Etc.2.不完全爆破：①爆破音＋摩擦音第一个爆破音发不完全爆破音（只听到极微的爆破音）而主要听到的是后面的摩擦音或破擦音。Absent(b)sgetthrough(t)TEighth(t)Tadvice(d)vABighorse(g)hexist(g)z②爆破音＋爆破音任何两个爆破音相邻，第一个爆破音形成阻碍，但失去爆破稍微停顿一下，立刻发出第二个爆破音。Postcard(t)klaptop(p)tBigboy(g)bstoptalking(p)t③爆破音＋破擦音/tS//dZ/Picture(k)tSsubject(b)dZAgoodjob(d)dZgreatchanges(t)tS④爆破音/t//d/＋鼻擦音/m//n/上腔爆破改为鼻腔爆破BottomwrittenGardenhidden3.连续、停顿、节奏：①在同一个意群中，如果相邻的两个词中前一个词以辅音音素结尾，后一个以元音音素开头，这时如果辅音，元音相拼，构成一个音节这两个音往往要连在一起来念，这种现象叫连续””Mytelephoneisoutoforder.Theyputontheircoatsandsteppedoutofthehall.连续是语流的自然结果，是英语区别于汉语的一个重要特征NotatalltakeitoffYoulooksadcouldn’thelpKnockhimouttellhimFarawayhearitAfterallapairof②一般来说，每个意群后面可以有一个停顿。（中间停顿会影响意思表达）“意群”在意义上和语法结构上都紧密联系在一起的一组词。Thereare/somewomeninred/overthere.//Theoldlady,/whowassittinginthearmchair,/toldJacktogo.//③节奏是语法中重读音节和非重读音节的模式。语言使用重音的方式，对语言的节奏有很大影响。英语语句中各音节有轻有重，轻重相间是英语节奏的第一个特点各音节读起来长短交错，疾徐有致是第二个特点而决定音节的轻重和快慢的就是句子重音。Thereare’havinga’Chinese’lesson‘uary’syounger’brotherwanted’fiftychocolate’peanuts.3.语调intonation：指说话时声音音高的变化所造成的旋律模式speechmelody声音动态的最重要特征之一就是音高的起伏变化pitchfluctuation音高用来表达感情同时也负担了各种语言功能。Falling-singtoneQ1.CouldyoutellmewhenChineseusuallygivegifts？Chinesegivegiftsjustlikeanyotherculture,similarIthinktothewayyouwesternersgivegifts.Well,wegiveitfor2basiccircumstances.Oneisduringthosecertaindaysthatarecelebrated,likebirthdaysandfestivals.Theotheroneissimplyasagestureofkindnesswhenvisitingaplace.Q2.Whydotheygivethesegifts？Well,Ithinkoutofrespectoftheperson,perhapsasareminderofcloserelationshipsandasareminderofcloserelationshipsandasagestureofappreciationforsomeone’shospitality.Therearegenerallynorealstringsattachedtothesegifts,buttheyareasignalthatyouappreciatethefriendshipandthatyouvalueitwithsomesacrifice.Q3.WhataresomeofthegiftsChinesetypicallygiveduringtheseoccasions？Well,ifit’safestivaltherearecertaintraditionsthatsortofpushyouintherightdirection.Forexample,duringAutumnFestivalit’straditionaltogiveoutmooncakes.DuringSpringFestivalyoumaygiveredpacketsofmoneytochildrenandunmarriedadults.Q4.What’sthebestwaytopresentthegiftsinChina,andhowdopeoplebestacceptthem？Well,wetendtogivethegiftsinabag.Itcansometimesbewarppedbutitshoulddefinitelybecovered.Theimportantthingistoprobablypresentitratherhumbly–youmightfinditinterestingthatthegiversortofputsitdownsomewhatbysayingit’snotmuch.Theacceptermaygivealittleresistance,butnotmuch–maybeheorshewillsaytoomuchbutwillthensay”Thankyou”andputitaway.Hewillgenerallynotopenitrightaway.MaybethisisdifferentfromthewestwhereIthinktheytrytoshowmoreenthusiasmforthegift.Well,wetrytoacceptitinamoredignifiedway.