《礼记·月令》中英文对照

月令中英文对照 《月令》 英文翻译：理雅各（James Legge） [又名："Proceedings of Government in the Different Months"] 1孟春之月，日在营室，昏参中，旦尾中。其日甲乙。其帝大皞，其神句芒。其虫鳞。其音角，律中大蔟。其数八。其味酸，其臭膻。其祀户，祭先脾。 In the first month of spring the sun is in Shi, the star culminating at dusk being Shen, and that culminating at dawn Wei. Its days are jia and yi. Its divine ruler is Dai Hao, and the (attending) spirit is Gou-mang. Its creatures are the scaly. Its musical note is Jiao, and its pitch-tube is the Dai Cu. Its number is eight; its take is sour; its smell is rank. Its sacrifice is that at the door, and of the parts of the victim the spleen has the foremost place. 2东风解冻，蛰虫始振，鱼上冰，獭祭鱼，鸿雁来。 The east winds resolve the cold. Creatures that have been torpid during the winter begin to move. The fishes rise up to the ice. Otters sacrifice fish. The wild geese make their appearance. 3天子居青阳左个。乘鸾路，驾仓龙，载青旗，衣青衣，服仓玉，食麦与羊，其器疏以达。 The son of Heaven occupies the apartment on the left of the Qing Yang (Fane); rides in the carriage with the phoenix (bells), drawn by the azure-dragon (horses), and carrying the green flag; wears the green robes, and the (pieces of) green jade (on his cap and at his girdle pendant). He eats wheat and mutton. The vessels which he uses are slightly carved, (to resemble) the shooting forth (of plants). 4是月也，以立春。先立春三日，大史谒之天子曰：某日立春，盛德在木。天子乃齐。立春之日，天子亲帅三公、九卿、诸侯、大夫以迎春于东郊。还反，赏公卿、诸侯、大夫于朝。命相布德和令，行庆施惠，下及兆民。庆赐遂行，毋有不当。乃命大史守典奉法，司天日月星辰之行，宿离不贷，毋失经纪，以初为常。 In this month there takes place the inauguration of spring. Three days before this ceremony, the Grand recorder informs the son of Heaven, saying, 'On such and such a day is the inauguration of the spring. The energies of the season are fully seen in wood. On this the son of Heaven devotes himself to self-purification, and on the day he leads in person the three ducal ministers, his nine high ministers, the feudal princes (who are at court), and his Great officers, to meet the spring in the eastern suburb; and on their return, he rewards them all in the court. He charges his assistants to disseminate (lessons of) virtue, and harmonise the governmental orders, to give effect to the expressions of his satisfaction and bestow his favours; down to the millions of the people. Those expressions and gifts thereupon proceed, every one in proper (degree and direction). He also orders the Grand recorder to guard the statutes and maintain the laws, and (especially) to observe the motions in the heavens of the sun and moon, and of the zodiacal stars in which the conjunctions of these bodies take place, so that there should be no error as to where they rest and what they pass over; that there should be no failure in the record of all these things, according to the regular practice of early times. 5是月也，天子乃以元日祈谷于上帝。乃择元辰，天子亲载耒耜，措之参保介之御间，帅三公、九卿、诸侯、大夫，躬耕帝藉。天子三推，三公五推，卿诸侯九推。反，执爵于大寝，三公、九卿、诸侯、大夫皆御，命曰：劳酒。 In this month the son of Heaven on the first (hsin) day prays to God for a good year; and afterwards, the day of the first conjunction of the sun and moon having been chosen, with the handle and share of the plough in the carriage, placed between the man-at-arms who is its third occupant and the driver, he conducts his three ducal ministers, his nine high ministers, the feudal princes and his Great officers, all with their own hands to plough the field of God. The son of Heaven turns up three furrows, each of the ducal ministers five, and the other ministers and feudal princes nine. When they return, he takes in his hand a cup in the great chamber, all the others being in attendance on him and the Great officers, and says, 'Drink this cup of comfort after your toil.' 6是月也，天气下降，地气上腾，天地和同，草木萌动。王命布农事，命田舍东郊，皆修封疆，审端经术。善相丘陵阪险原隰土地所宜，五谷所殖，以教道民，必躬亲之。田事既饬，先定准直，农乃不惑。 In this month the vapours of heaven descend and those of the earth ascend. Heaven and earth are in harmonious co-operation. All plants bud and grow. The king gives orders to set forward the business of husbandry. The inspectors of the fields are ordered to reside in the lands having an eastward exposure, and (see that) all repair the marches and divisions (of the o-round), and mark out clearly the paths and ditches. They must skilfully survey the mounds and rising grounds, the slopes and defiles, the plains and marshes, determining what the different lands are suitable for, and where the different grains will grow best. They must thus instruct and lead on the people, themselves also engaging in the tasks. The business of the fields being thus ordered, the guiding line is first put in requisition, and the husbandry is carried on without error. 7是月也，命乐正入学习舞。乃修祭典。命祀山林川泽，牺牲毋用牝。禁止伐木。毋覆巢，毋杀孩虫、胎、夭、飞鸟。毋麑，毋卵。毋聚大众，毋置城郭。掩骼埋胔。 In this month orders are given to the chief director of Music to enter the college, and practise the dances (with his pupils). The canons of sacrifice are examined and set forth, and orders are given to sacrifice to the hills and forests, the streams and meres, care being taken not to use any female victims. Prohibitions are issued against cutting down trees. Nests should not be thrown down; unformed insects should not be killed, nor creatures in the Womb, nor very young creatures, nor birds just taking to the wing, nor fawns, nor should eggs be destroyed. No congregating of multitudes should be allowed, and no setting about the rearing of fortifications and walls. Skeletons should be covered up, and bones with the flesh attached to them buried. 8是月也，不可以称兵，称兵必天殃。兵戎不起，不可从我始。毋变天之道，毋绝地之理，毋乱人之纪。 In this month no warlike operations should be undertaken; the undertaking of such is sure to be followed by calamities from Heaven. The not undertaking warlike operations means that they should not commence on our side. No change in the ways of heaven is allowed; nor any extinction of the principles of earth; nor any confounding of the bonds of men. 9孟春行夏令，则雨水不时，草木蚤落，国时有恐。行秋令则其民大疫，猋风暴雨总至，藜莠蓬蒿并兴。行冬令则水潦为败，雪霜大挚，首种不入。 If in the first month of spring the governmental proceedings proper to summer were carried out, the rain would fall unseasonably, plants and trees would decay prematurely, and the states would be kept in continual fear. If the proceedings proper to autumn were carried out, there would be great pestilence among the people; boisterous winds would work their violence; rain would descend in torrents; orach, fescue, darnel, and southernwood would grow up together. If the proceedings proper to winter were carried out, pools of water would produce their destructive effects, snow and frost would prove very injurious, and the first sown seeds would not enter the ground. 10仲春之月，日在奎，昏弧中，旦建星中。其日甲乙，其帝大皞，其神句芒。其虫鳞。其音角，律中夹钟。其数八。其味酸，其臭膻，其祀户，祭先脾。 In the second month of spring, the sun is in Kui, the star culminating at dusk being Hu, and that culminating at dawn Jian-xing. Its days are jia and yi. Its divine ruler is Dai Hao, the attending spirit is Gou-mang. Its creatures are the scaly. Its musical note is Jiao, and its pitch-tube is the Jia Zhong. Its number is eight; its taste is sour; its smell is rank. Its sacrifice is that at the door, and of the parts of the victim the spleen has the foremost place. 11始雨水，桃始华，仓庚鸣，鹰化为鸠。 The rain begins to fall. The peach tree begins to blossom. The oriole sings. Hawks are transformed into doves. 12天子居青阳大庙，乘鸾路，驾仓龙，载青旗，衣青衣，服仓玉，食麦与羊，其器疏以达。 The son of Heaven occupies the Qing Yang Grand Fane; rides in the carriage with the phoenix bells, drawn by the azure dragon-(horses), and bearing the green flag. He is dressed in the green robes, and wears the azure gems. He eats wheat and mutton. The vessels which he uses are slightly carved, (to resemble) the bursting forth (of nature). 13是月也，安萌芽，养幼少，存诸孤。择元日，命民社。命有司省囹圄，去桎梏，毋肆掠，止狱讼。 In this month, they keep both the young buds and those more advanced from being disturbed; they nourish both the young animals and those not fully grown; they especially watch over all orphans. The fortunate day is chosen, and orders are given to the people to sacrifice at their altars to the spirits of the ground. Orders are given to the (proper) officers to examine the prisons; to remove fetters and handcuffs; that there shall be no unregulated infliction of the bastinado; and that efforts shall be made to stop criminal actions and litigations. 14是月也，玄鸟至。至之日，以大牢祠于高禖。天子亲往，后妃帅九嫔御。乃礼天子所御，带以弓韣，授以弓矢，于高禖之前。 In this month the swallow makes its appearance. On the day of its arrival, the son of Heaven sacrifices to the first match-maker with a bull, a ram, and a boar. He goes to do so in person, with his queen and help-mates, attended by his nine ladies of honour. Peculiar courtesy is shown to those whom he has (lately) approached. Bow-cases have been brought, and a bow and arrows are given to each before (the altar of) the first match-maker. 15是月也，日夜分。雷乃发声，始电，蛰虫咸动，启户始出。先雷三日，奋木铎以令兆民曰：雷将发声，有不戒其容止者，生子不备，必有凶灾。日夜分，则同度量，钧衡石，角斗甬，正权概。 In this month day and night are equal. Thunder utters its voice, and the lightning begins to be seen. Insects in their burrows are all in motion, opening their doors and beginning to come forth. Three days before the thunder, a bell with a wooden tongue is sounded, to give notice to all the people. 'The thunder,' it is said, 'is about to utter its voice. If any of you be not careful of your behaviour, you shall bring forth children incomplete; there are sure to be evils and calamities.' At the equinox they make uniform the measures of length and capacity; the weight of 30 catties, the steelyard, and the weight of 120 catties. They correct the peck and bushel, the steelyard weights and the bushel-scraper. 16是月也，耕者少舍。乃修阖扇，寝庙毕备。毋作大事，以妨农之事。 In this month few of the husbandmen remain in their houses in the towns. They repair, however, their gates and doors, both of wood and wattles; and put their sleeping apartments and temples all in good repair. No great labours, which would interfere with the work of husbandry, should be undertaken. 17是月也，毋竭川泽，毋漉陂池，毋焚山林。天子乃鲜羔开冰，先荐寝庙。上丁，命乐正习舞，释菜。天子乃帅三公、九卿、诸侯、大夫亲往视之。仲丁，又命乐正入学习舞。 In this month (the fishermen) should not let the streams and meres run dry, nor drain off all the water from the dams and ponds, (in order to catch all the fish), nor should (the hunters) fire the hills and forests. The son of Heaven at this time offers a lamb (to the ruler of cold), and opens the (reservoirs of) ice. Before (using it generally), they offer some in their principal apartment or in the ancestral temple. On the first ting day orders are given to the chief director of Music to exhibit the civil dances and unfold the offerings of vegetables (to the inventor of music). The son of Heaven, at the head of the three ducal ministers, his nine high ministers, the feudal princes (at court), and his Great officers, goes in person to see the ceremony. On the second ting day orders are given again to the same chief to enter the college, and practise music (with his pupils). 18是月也，祀不用牺牲，用圭璧，更皮币。 In this month at the (smaller) services of supplication they do not use victims. They use offerings of jade, square and round, and instead (of victims) skins and pieces of silk. 19仲春行秋令，则其国大水，寒气总至，寇戎来征。行冬令，则阳气不胜，麦乃不熟，民多相掠。行夏令，则国乃大旱，暖气早来，虫螟为害。 If in this second month of spring the governmental proceedings proper to autumn were observed, there would be great floods, in the states; cold airs would be constantly coming; and plundering attacks would be frequent. If those of winter were observed, the warm and genial airs would be insufficient; the wheat would not ripen; and raids and strifes would be rife among the people. If those of summer were observed, there would be great droughts among the people; the hot airs would come too early; and caterpillars and other insects would harm the grain. 20季春之月，日在胃，昏七星中，旦牵牛中。其日甲乙。其帝大皞，其神句芒。其虫鳞。其音角，律中姑洗。其数八。其味酸，其臭膻。其祀户，祭先脾。 In the last month of spring, the sun is in Wei, the constellation culminating at dusk being Qi xing, and that culminating at dawn Qian-niu. Its days are jia and yi. Its divine ruler is Dai Hao, and the attending spirit is Gou-mang. Its creatures are the scaly. Its musical note is the Jiao, and its pitch-tube is the Gu Xian. Its number is eight. Its taste is sour. Its smell is rank. Its sacrifice is that at the door, and of the parts of the victim the spleen has the foremost place. 21桐始华，田鼠化为鴽，虹始见，萍始生。 The Elaeococca begins to flower. Moles are transformed into quails. Rainbows begin to appear. Duckweed begins to grow. 22天子居青阳右个，乘鸾路，驾仓龙，载青旗，衣青衣，服仓玉。食麦与羊，其器疏以达。 The son of Heaven occupies the apartment on the right of the Qing Yang (Fane); rides in the carriage with the phoenix bells, drawn by the azure dragon-(horses), and bearing the green flag. He is dressed in the green robes, and wears the azure gems. He eats wheat and mutton. The vessels which he uses are slightly carved, (to resemble) the bursting forth (of nature). 23是月也，天子乃荐鞠衣于先帝。命舟牧覆舟，五覆五反。乃告舟备具于天子焉，天子始乘舟。荐鲔于寝庙，乃为麦祈实。 In this month the son of Heaven presents robes yellow as the young leaves of the mulberry tree to the ancient divine ruler (and his queen). Orders are given to the officer in charge of the boats to turn a boat bottom up. Five times he does so, and five times he turns it back again, after which he reports that it is ready for the son of Heaven, who then gets into it for the first time (this spring). He offers a snouted sturgeon (which he has caught) in the rear apartment of the ancestral temple, and also prays that the wheat may yield its produce. 24是月也，生气方盛，阳气发泄，句者毕出，萌者尽达。不可以内。天子布德行惠，命有司发仓廪，赐贫穷，振乏绝，开府库，出币帛，周天下。勉诸侯，聘名士，礼贤者。 In this month the influences of life and growth are fully developed; and the warm and genial airs diffuse themselves. The crooked shoots are all put forth, and the buds are unfolded. Things do not admit of being restrained. The son of Heaven spreads his goodness abroad, and carries out his kindly promptings. He gives orders to the proper officers to distribute from his granaries and vaults, giving their contents to the poor and friendless, and to relieve the needy and destitute; and to open his treasuries and storehouses, and to send abroad through all the nation the silks and other articles for presents, thus stimulating the princes of states to encourage the resort to them of famous scholars and show courtesy to men of ability and virtue. 25是月也，命司空曰：时雨将降，下水上腾，循行国邑，周视原野，修利堤防，道达沟渎，开通道路，毋有障塞。田猎罝罘、罗网、毕翳、喂兽之药，毋出九门。 In this month, he charges the superintendents of works, saying, 'The rains of the season will be coming down, and the waters beneath will be swelling up. Go in order over the states and visit the towns, inspecting everywhere the low and level grounds. Put the dykes and dams in good repair, clear the ditches and larger channels, and open all paths, allowing no obstruction to exist.' The nets used in hunting animals and birds, hand nets, archers' disguises, and injurious baits should not (in this month) issue from (any of) the nine gates. 26是月也，命野虞毋伐桑柘。鸣鸠拂其羽，戴胜降于桑。具曲植籧筐。后妃齐戒，亲东乡躬桑。禁妇女毋观，省妇使以劝蚕事。蚕事既登，分茧称丝效功，以共郊庙之服，无有敢惰。 In this month orders are given to the foresters throughout the country not to allow the cutting down of the mulberry trees and silk-worm oaks. About these the cooing doves clap their wings, and the crested birds light on them. The trays and baskets with the stands (for the worms and cocoons) are got ready. The queen, after vigil and fasting, goes in person to the eastern fields to work on the mulberry trees. She orders the wives and younger women (of the palace) not to wear their ornamental dresses, and to suspend their woman's-work, thus stimulating them to attend to their business with the worms. When this has been completed, she apportions the cocoons, weighs out (afterwards) the silk, on which they go to work, to supply the robes for the solstitial and other great religious services, and for use in the ancestral temple. Not one is allowed to be idle. 27是月也，命工师令百工审五库之量：金铁，皮革筋，角齿，羽箭干，脂胶丹漆，毋或不良。百工咸理，监工日号；毋悖于时，毋或作为淫巧以荡上心。 In this month orders are given to the chiefs of works, to charge the workmen of their various departments to inspect the materials in the five storehouses: those of iron and other metals; of skins and hides and sinews; of horn and ivory; of feathers, arrows and wood (for bows); and of grease, glue, cinnabar, and varnish. (They are to see) that all these things be good. The workmen then labour at their several tasks. (The chiefs) inspect their work, and daily give them their orders. They must not produce anything contrary to what the time requires; nor can they practise a licentious ingenuity, which would dissipate the minds of their superiors. 28是月之末，择吉日，大合乐，天子乃率三公、九卿、诸侯、大夫亲往视之。 In the end of this month a fortunate day is chosen for a grand concert of music. The son of Heaven, at the head of the three ducal ministers, the nine high ministers, the feudal princes (at court), and his great officers, goes in person to witness it. 29是月也，乃合累牛腾马，游牝于牧。牺牲驹犊，举， 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 其数。命国难，九门磔攘，以毕春气。 In this month they collect the large, heavy bulls, and fiery stallions, and send them forth to the females in the pasture grounds. They number and make a list of the animals fit for victims, with the foals and calves. Orders are given for the ceremonies against pestilence throughout the city; at the nine gates (also) animals are torn in pieces in deprecation (of the danger): to secure the full development of the (healthy) airs of the spring. 30季春行冬令，则寒气时发，草木皆肃，国有大恐。行夏令，则民多疾疫，时雨不降，山林不收。行秋令，则天多沉阴，淫雨蚤降，兵革并起。 If, in this last month of spring, the governmental proceedings proper to winter were observed, cold airs would constantly be prevailing; all plants and trees would decay; and in the states there would be great terrors. If those proper to summer were observed, many of the people would suffer from pestilential diseases; the seasonable rains would not fall; and no produce would be derived from the mountains and heights. If those proper to autumn were observed, the sky would be full of moisture and gloom; excessive rains would fall early; and warlike movements would be everywhere arising. 31孟夏之月，日在毕，昏翼中，旦婺女中。其日丙丁。其帝炎帝，其神祝融。其虫羽。其音徵，律中中吕。其数七。其味苦，其臭焦。其祀灶，祭先肺。 In the first month of summer, the sun is in Bi; the constellation culminating at dusk being Yi, and that culminating at dawn Wu-nu. Its days are bing and ding. Its divine ruler is Yan Di, and the (attending) spirit is Gu-rong. Its creatures are the feathered. Its musical note is Zhi, and its pitch-tube is the Zhong Lu. Its number is seven. Its taste is acrid. Its smell is that of things burning. Its sacrifice is that at the furnace; and of the parts of the victim the lungs have the foremost place. 32蝼蝈鸣，蚯蚓出，王瓜生，苦菜秀。 The green frogs croak. Earth-worms come forth. The royal melons grow. The sow-thistle is in seed. 33天子居明堂左个，乘朱路，驾赤骝，载赤旗，衣朱衣，服赤玉。食菽与鸡，其器高以粗。 The son of Heaven occupies the apartment on the left of the Ming Tang (Grand Fane); rides in the vermilion carriage, drawn by the red horses with black tails, and bearing the red flag. He is dressed in the red robes, and wears the carnation jade. He eats beans and fowls. The vessels which he uses are tall, (to resemble) the large growth (of things). 34是月也，以立夏。先立夏三日，大史谒之天子曰：某日立夏，盛德在火。天子乃齐。立夏之日，天子亲帅三公、九卿、大夫以迎夏于南郊。还反，行赏，封诸侯。庆赐遂行，无不欣说。乃命乐师，习合礼乐。命太尉，赞桀俊，遂贤良，举长大，行爵出禄，必当其位。 In this month there takes place the inauguration of summer. Three days before this ceremony, the Grand recorder informs the son of Heaven, saying, 'On such-and-such a day is the inauguration of summer. The energies of the season are most fully seen in fire.' On this the son of Heaven devotes himself to self-purification; and on the day, at the head of the three ducal ministers, the nine high ministers, and his Great officers, he proceeds to meet the summer in the southern suburbs. On their return, rewards are distributed. He grants to the feudal princes (an increase of) territory. Congratulations and gifts proceed, and all are joyful and pleased. Orders are also given to the chief master of music to teach the practice of ceremonies and music together. Orders are given to the Grand Peace-maintainer to recommend men of eminence, allow the worthy and good to have free course and bring forward the tall and large. His conferring of