nullnull 英语语音基础知识一、关于语音的几个概念
1)字母(26个)：语言的书写形式。
元音字母：a, e, i(y), o, u,
辅音字母: c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z
2)音标：词的语音形式。记载音素的符号，可写在[ ]中，或写在//中，如 name: /neim /。
3)音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。
4)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。
ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'standnull 5)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；
是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。
6)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；
不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。
7)开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e 如 name, bike;
b) 辅音+元音 如 he, go, hi
8)闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup;
b)元音+辅音it
9)重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。 null1.元音：
[i:] [i] [E:] [E] [u:] [u]
[e ] [Q] [O:] [O] [V] [a:]
[ei] [ai] [Oi] [Eu] [au] [iE] [CE] [uE]
2.辅音：
轻辅音：[p] [t] [k] [f] [T] [s] [S] [tS] [ts] [tr] [h]浊辅音：[b] [d] [g] [v] [D] [z] [Z] [dZ] [dz] [dr] [r]
鼻辅音：[m] [n ] [N] 舌边音：[l]
半元音：[w] [j]null 二、元音 (注意:下面空方括号是电脑无法输入的音标)
1) [i:] sea, he, see, piece, believe
2) [i] sit, build, miss, myth
3) [e] bed, desk, head,
4) [æ] bad, land, bank, stamp
5) [A:] car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt
6) [u:] food, who, blue, soup,
7) [u] look, put, woman, could
null8) [O:] door, more, sport, ball, warm, author,
court, bought, caught
9) [O] hot, want, box
10) [V] cup, come, blood, rough
11) [E:] girl, work, serve, nurse
12) [E] cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar,
doctor, famous, Saturday
13) [ei] cake, they, play, eight, great,
14) [ai] bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye null15) [әu] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow
16) [au] house, town
17) [Oi] boy, oil, loyal
18) [iE] ear dear, idea, deer, here, fierce,
19) [CE] bear pear, care, there, fair
20) [uE] tour, poor, null三、容易混淆的元音
1) [e] bed, men, pen, lend
[æ] bad, man, pan, land, cat, hat, bat
2) [i:] tea, mean, read , greet
[ei] rail, great, main, raid
3) [e] bet, red, said, head
[ai] bite, write, side, hide
4) [au] house, loud, south, now, count, cloud
[O:] horse, lord, sauce, nor, corn, clause
5) [au] found, gown, down
[Λ] fund, mother, done null四、 辅音
1) [p] pen,
2) [b] bed, comb
3) [t] tell, want, student, moment
4) [d] day, played, word
5) [k] cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept,
6) [g] big, go, guess, language
7) [m] man, mother,climb
8) [n] nine, knife, down, town
9) [N] bank, uncle, English, sing,
10) [l] land, world, little, lessonnull11)[r] read, write,
12)[f] five, cough, laugh
13)[v] voice, of
14)[T] think, thank, three, thin,
15)[D] this , bathe
16)[s] sit, miss, science, case, scarf
17)[z] zoo, close,
18)[S] sure, she, social, nation, machine,
19)[Z] pleasure, usually, treasure
20)[h] hot, who, hour null21)[w] wall, what, we
22)[j] yes, yesterday, yellow,
23)[tS] child, teach, catch
24)[dZ] joke, bridge, page, large
25)[ts] boats , students
26)[dz] goods , finds, minds
27)[tr] tree, treat, true, introduce,
28)[dr] dream, drive,
null五、容易混淆的辅音
1) [v] vet, vest, vine, very
[w] wet, west, wine, well
2) [s] sink, sort, miss, mass
[T] think, thought, myth, math
3) [z] closing, breeze, bays
[D] clothing, breathe, bathes
4) [n] thin sin ban win ran
[N] thing; sing; bang wing; rang null六、读音规则
一、元音字母在开音节中的读字母名称音
a [ei ] e [i:] i/y [AI ] o [EU ] u [JU: ]
name [neim] plane [ plein ] take [teik] baby [' beibi] late [ leit ] safe [seif]
she [Si:] these [Di:z ] we [Wi: ] eve [i:v] theme [Ti:M ] be [Bi: ]
bike [baik] fly [flai] drive [draiv] time [taim] nice [nais] kite [kait] type [taip] spy [spai] null六、读音规则
(一)元音字母在开音节中的读字母名称音
a [ei ] e [i:] i [AI ] o [EU ] u [JU: ]
those [DEUz ] close [klEUz ] go [gEU ] home [hEUm ] toe [tEU ] no [nEU ]
cute [kJU:t ] huge [hJU:dZ ] tube [tJU:b ] mule [mJU:l] student [' stJU:dEnt] use [JU:z ] null六、读音规则
1.元音字母在开音节中的例外音：
a [ei ] e [i:] i [AI ] o [EU ] u [JU: ]
have [hQv] give [giv] live [liv] move [mu:v] shoe [Su:] come [cVm] some [sVM] who [hu:]
2. o在n, v, th前面时，读作[V]
brother [' BRVDE] mother [' MVDE] love [lVv] glove [glVv] one [WVn] son [sVn]
3. u在辅音字母 l, r, j后时，读作[u:]
blue [blu:] june [dZu:n] rule [ru:l] true [tru:] truth [tru:T] nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull在字母组合ance, and和ant中a读[A:]
ance[A:ns], and[A:nd], ant[A:nt] 如
chance, dance, ad'vance, France
但是entrance ['entrEns]
de'mand, com'mand,
plant, want, null在字母组合ation读['eiSEn] 如且单词重音在[ei] 上。
如：nation, explanation, education, population, examination, celebration, congratulation, pronunciation.
null字母组合sion一般读[SEn]，但在元音字母后读[ZEn] 上。
如： discussion, tension, permission, emission, mission, impression, passion
progression
decision, conclusion, television, revision, persuasion, explosionnull七、 特殊读音
1)音的连读：not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all
2)失去爆破：good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme
3)音的同化：this year, Would you do it? Can't you see it? 六、读音规则
1)重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)
2)非重读音节
[ә] banana, student, today, after,
[i] orange, secret, evening, very, Monday null八、 重音
1)单词重音
A)双音节词
a) 一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorry
b) 有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-,
con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前
缀的词，第二个音节是重音。
a′bout, be′lieve, ad′dress, de′cide, re′port, con′demn, res′pect, com′pare, in′form, dis′cuss, im′press, mis′take, en′force, pre′pare, em′ploy, per′mit, es′cape, pro′duce, ex′claim, trans′late con′duct; ′present pre′sent; ′content, con′tent nullc)有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。
′record, re′cord; ′insult, in′sult; ′conduct,
d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词，有两个重音。
′out′side, ′re′tell, ′well-′known, ′un′real, ′fif′teen, ′Chi′nese, ′pre-′war, ′post-′war B)多音节词
a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。
A) 英语的节奏：（轻）-轻-重-轻-（轻）或重-轻-（轻）（轻）重nullB) 英语句子的长短：是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的，而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。
C) 实词重读（副词重读），虚词轻读(冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be.
D) 实词不重读的特殊情况
a) 实词第二次出现
He thinks of that as a child thinks.
b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰
I met her in the railway station.
c) 代替词
Which book do you want? The small one.null d) 感叹词中的 what 和how
What a good day it is! How beautiful she is!
e) street 在专有名词中 Wangfujing Street.
f) this在这些短语中，this morning/afternoon/evening
E)虚词重读的特殊情况
a) 情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时。
Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can.
I don’t like you. He isn’t a worker.
b) 情态动词
表
关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf
示可能，惊奇和肯定时。
They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room. nullc) 介词在句首和句尾。
In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with.
d) 引导复合句的连词在句首。
If you wish, I’ll visit you. When he comes, I’ll tell him.
e)反身代词表示强调。
He couldn’t come himself. null一、英语的基本拼读规则 1．元音字母a及其字母组合的读音（见表1.1）nullnull
Life is a Journey
From the hell to the heaven,
There’s no straight way to walk.
Sometimes up, sometimes down.
Hope creates a heaven for us,
Despair makes a hell for us. Some choices are waiting for me, Which one on earth is better? No God in the world can help me, Choosing is the byname of freedom, Different choice makes different future.null It’s stupid to put eyes on others.
I have to make up my own mind,
Going my way to the destination.
Facing success or failure, It’s no need to care too much. Only if I’ve tried my best, It’s enough for my simple lifenull
浙公网安备 33021202002483