重点：高中英语语法

高中英语 高中英语pdf课本高中英语知识点整理高中英语选修六单词表高中英语组教学计划高中英语必修4课件 语法总结大全之虚拟语气 虚拟语气 1） 概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 2） 在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。 时态关系 句型： 条件从句主句 一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形 If he comes, he will bring his violin. 典型例题 The volleyball match will be put off if it ___. A.will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。 注意： 1） 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. (错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (对) If you leave now, you will never regret it. 2） 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 非真实条件句 1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。 a.同现在事实相反的假设。 句型 ： 条件从句主句 一般过去时should( would) +动词原形 If they were here, they would help you. b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。 句型： 条件从句主句 过去完成时should(would) have+ 过去分词 If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful. If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it. 含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it. If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress. 含义： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress. c.表示对将来的假想 句型：条件从句 主句 一般过去时should+ 动词原形 were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形 should+ 动词原形 If you succeeded, everything would be all right. If you should succeed, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 混合条件句 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在). 虚拟条件句的倒装 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met him =If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. 注意： 在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was， 即在从句中be用were代替。 If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。 典型例题 _____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I wereC. Were ID. Was I 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 特殊的虚拟语气词：should 1） It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。 句型： (1)suggested It is(2)importantthat…+ (should) do (3) a pity (1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required,demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do (2)important, necessary, natural, strange a pity,a shame,no wonder (3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week. It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow. 2）在宾语从句中的应用 在表示命令、建议、 要求 对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗 等一类动词后面的从句中。 order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there. 注意： 如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules. 判断改错: （错）You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. (对)Your pale face suggests that you are ill. (错)I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. (对)I insisted that you were wrong. 3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用 在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。 My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m wish的用法 1）用于wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为： 真实状况 wish后 从句动作先于主句动词动作 （be的过去式为 were） 现在时 过去时 从句动作与主句动作同时发生 （had + 过去分词） 过去时 过去完成时 将来不大可能实现的愿望 将来时 would/could +动词原形 I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。 He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。 2）Wish to do表达法。 Wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.) w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 比较if only与only if only if表示"只有"；if only则表示"如果……就好了"。If only也可用于陈述语气。 I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。 If only the alarm clock had rung.当时闹钟响了，就好了。 If only he comes early.但愿他早点回来。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m It is (high) time that It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。 It is time that the children went to bed. It is high time that the children should go to bed. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m need"不必做"和"本不该做" didn't need to do表示： 过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。. needn't have done表示： 过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。 John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。 John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家，没有遇上John的车。) 典型例题 There was plenty of time. She ___. A. mustn't have hurriedB. couldn't have hurriedC. must not hurryD. needn't have hurried 答案D。needn't have done. 意为"本不必"，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。 Mustn't have done 用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done, "不可能已经"。 must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时） 高中英语语法总结大全之情态动词 情态动词的语法特征 1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。 2） 情态动词 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。 3） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。 4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 比较can 和be able to 1）cancould 表示能力；可能 (过去时用could), 只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。 They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。 2）只用be able to a. 位于助动词后。 b. 情态动词后。 c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。 d. 用于句首表示条件。 e. 表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。 He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out. 注意：could不表示时态 1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。 --- Could I have the television on? --- Yes, you can. / No, you can't. 2）在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。 He couldn't be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 比较may和might 1） 表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。 May God bless you! He might be at home. 注意： might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。 2） 成语： may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为"不妨"。 If that is the case, we may as well try. 典型例题 Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet. A. mustB. mayC. canD. will 答案B. 表可能性只能用may.此句意可从后半句推出。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 比较have to和must 1)两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。 My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事) He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事） 2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。 He had to look after his sister yesterday. 3） 在否定结构中： don't have to表示"不必" mustn't表示"禁止"， You don't have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。 You mustn't tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m must表示推测 1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为"一定"。 2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时， must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。 You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断） He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。 比较： He must be staying there. 他现在肯定呆在那里。 He must stay there. 他必须呆在那。 3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。 I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。 4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。 ---Why didn't you answer my phone call? ---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it. 5) 否定推测用can't。 If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 表示推测的用法 can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下： 1）情态动词+动词原形。 表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。 I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan. 2）情态动词+动词现在进行时。 表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。 At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers. 这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。 3）情态动词+动词完成时。 表示对过去情况的推测。 We would have finished this work by the end of next December. 明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。 The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。 4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。 表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。 Your mother must have been looking for you. 你妈妈一定一直在找你。 5）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。 Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning. 迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。 注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can, may。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 情态动词+have+过去分词 1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。 Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident. Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident. 2)must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有"肯定"，"谅必"的意思。 ---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. ---She must have gone by bus. 3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth 本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。 You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment. He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事实上已扔了。） ought to 在语气上比should 要强。 4) needn't have done sth本没必要做某事 I dressed very warmly for the trip, but Ineedn't have done so. The weather was hot. 5) would like to have done sth本打算做某事 I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m should和ought to should 和ought to 都为"应该"的意思，可用于各种人称。 ---Ought he to go? ---Yes. I think he ought to. 表示要求，命令时，语气由 should（应该）、had better最好）、must（必须）渐强。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m had better表示最好 had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。 had better do sth had better not do sth It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat. She'd better not play with the dog. had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为"本来最好"。 You had better have come earlier. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m would rather表示"宁愿" would rather do would rather not do would rather… than…宁愿……而不愿。 还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。 If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school. I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home. 典型例题 ----Shall we go skating or stay at home? ----Which ___ do? A. do you ratherB. would you ratherC. will you ratherD. should you rather 答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为"宁愿"，本题为疑问句，would 提前，所以选B。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m will和would would rather do would rather not do would rather… than…宁愿……而不愿。 还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。 If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school. I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home. 典型例题 ----Shall we go skating or stay at home? ----Which ___ do? ----Which ___ do? A. do you ratherB. would you ratherC. will you ratherD. should you rather 答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为"宁愿"，本题为疑问句，would 提前，所以选B。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 情态动词的回答方式 问句 肯定回答 否定回答 Need you…?Yes, I must. No,I needn't Must you…?/don't have to. 典型例题 1）---Could I borrow your dictionary? ---Yes, of course, you____. A. mightB. willC. canD. should 答案C.could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用could或might。复习： will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。 2）---Shall I tell John about it? ---No, you ___. I've told him already. A. needn'tB. wouldn'tC. mustn'tD. shouldn't 答案A。needn't 不必，不用。 wouldn't 将不, 不会的。 mustn't 禁止、不能。 shouldn't不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用needn't。 3）---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. ---______. A. I don'tB.I won'tC. I can'tD. I haven't 答案B.will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表"意愿、意志、决心"，本题表示决心，选B。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 带to的情态动词 带to 的情态动词有四个：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to ,(=must), be able to，为六个。它们的疑问，否定形式应予以注意： Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month? She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen. You ought not to have told her all about it. Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.? ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否定时，须有do 等助动词协助。 典型例题 Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm. A.have toldB.tellC.be tellingD. having told 答案A。由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词 ought to 后，所以用have。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 比较need和dare 这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。 1) 实义动词： need（需要, 要求） need + n. / to do sth 2) 情态动词： need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。 Need you go yet? Yes, I must. / No, I needn't. 3) need 的被动含义：need, want, require, worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动： need doing = need to be done stop doing/to do stop to do停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。 stop doing停止做某事。 They stop to smoke a cigarette.他们停下来，抽了根烟。 I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟了。 典型例题 She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. rest 答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择"stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事"。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stop doing sth.不正确。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m forget doing/to do forget to do忘记要去做某事。(未做) forget doing忘记做过某事。(已做) The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作) He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。( 已做过关灯的动作) Don't forget to come tomorrow. 别忘了明天来。 (to come动作未做) 典型例题 ---- The light in the office is still on. ---- Oh，I forgot___. A. turning it offB. turn it offC. to turn it offD. having turned it off 答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth. 而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。 remember doing/to do remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做) remember doing记得做过某事(已做) Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。 Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗? w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m regret doing/to do regret to do对要做的事遗憾。(未做) regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔。(已做) I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。 I don't regret telling her what I thought. 我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。 典型例题 ---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. ---Well, now I regret ___ that. A. to doB. to be doingC.to have doneD.having done 答案：D。regret having done sth. 对已发生的事感到遗憾。regret to do sth. 对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔，因此选D。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m cease doing/to do cease to do长时间，甚至永远停做某事。 cease doing短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。 That department has ceased to exist forever. 那个部门已不复存在。 The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by. 姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m try doing/to do try to do努力，企图做某事。 try doing试验，试着做某事。 You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。 I tried gardening but didn't succeed. 我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m go on doing/to do go on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。 go on doing继续做原来做的事。 After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完数学后，他接着去做物理。 Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m be afraid doing/to do be afraid to do不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为"怕"； be afraid of doing担心出现doing的状况、结果。 doing 是客观上造成的，意为"生怕，恐怕"。 She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake. 她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在草丛中再走一步。 She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。 She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m be interested doing/... interested to do 对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事。 interested in doing对某种想法感兴趣，doing 通常为想法。 I shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想知道发生了什么事。 (想了解) I'm interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that? 我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗?(一种想法) w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m mean doing/to do mean to do打算、想 mean doing意味着 I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。 To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m begin(start) doing/to do begin / start to do sth begin / start doing sth. 1)谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing. How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁时开始弹钢琴？ 2)begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do I was beginning to get angry。 我开始生起气来。 3)在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。 I begin to understand the truth。 我开始明白真相。 4)物作主语时 It began to melt. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 感官动词 + doing/to do 感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。 典型例题 1）They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood. A. growB. grewC. was growingD. to grow 答案：A。因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。 2）The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river. A. playingB. to be playingC. playD. to play 答案A. 本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用see sb. doing sth句型 高中英语语法总结大全之句子的种类 句子的种类 （一）按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 1） 陈述句（Declarative Sentences）：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。 Light travels faster than sound.光比声速度快。（说明事实） The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。 （说明看法） 2） 疑问句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出问题。有以下四种： a.一般疑问句（General Questions）： Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗？ b.特殊疑问句（W Questions; H Questions）： Where do you live?你住那儿？ How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事？ c.选择疑问句（Alternative Questions）： Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡？ d.反意疑问句（Tag-Questions）： He doesn't know her, does he? 他不认识她，对不对？ 3） 祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出请求，建议或发出命令，例如： Sit down, please.请坐。 Don't be nervous!别紧张！ 4） 感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences）：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪，例如： What good news it is!多好的消息啊！ （二）句子按其结构可以分为以下三类： 1） 简单句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句，例如： She is fond of collecting stamps.她喜欢集邮。 (主)(谓) 2） 并列句（Compound Sentences）：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接，例如： The food was good, but he had little appetite. (主) (谓)(主)(谓) 食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。 3） 复合句（Complex Sentences）：包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导，例如： The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 主句 从句 我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。 （三）基本句型（Basic Sentence Patterns）：英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的： 1）主 + 动（SV）例如： I work.我工作。 2）主 + 动 + 表（SVP）例如： John is busy.约翰忙。 3）主 + 动 + 宾（SVO）例如： She studies English.她学英语。 4）主 + 动 + 宾 + 补（SVOC）例如： Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的。 5）主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾（SVOiOd）例如： My mother made me a new dress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 祈使句 祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。 1） 祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。 Take this seat.