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高中语法动词(非谓语)教学课件

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高中语法动词(非谓语)教学课件null四、动词(非谓语动词)四、动词(非谓语动词)null非谓语不定式(to do)分词动名词(-ing)过去分词(-ed)现在分词(-ing)-ing分词-ed分词动词不定式动词不定式1不定式做主语 2不定式做表语 3不定式做宾语 4不定式做宾语补足语 5不定式做定语 6不定式做状语 7不定式用法注意事项null不定式做主语时,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。例如:It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 完成那个任务花去了我五分钟。 例如:...

高中语法动词(非谓语)教学课件
null四、动词(非谓语动词)四、动词(非谓语动词)null非谓语不定式(to do)分词动名词(-ing)过去分词(-ed)现在分词(-ing)-ing分词-ed分词动词不定式动词不定式1不定式做主语 2不定式做 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 语 3不定式做宾语 4不定式做宾语补足语 5不定式做定语 6不定式做状语 7不定式用法注意事项null不定式做主语时,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。例如:It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 完成那个任务花去了我五分钟。 例如:It took me two hours to write my homework. 我花了两个小时用来写作业。 不定式做主语也可用在下列结构There seems/used/happend to be + 主语例如:There used to be a lemon tree at the back of the yard. 院子后面以前有一棵柠檬树。null不定式做作主语时,可以用it做形式主语,将不定式后移,而采用“It is + 形容词 + 不定式”的结构brave careless clever considerate difficult easy foolish good hard helpful impolite important kind naughty necessary nice polite possible right rude silly stupid thoughtful wise wrong例如:It is very difficult for him to finish the paper in such a short time. 在如此短的时间内完成试卷对他来说很难。 例如:It is hard to say who will langh in the end. 还很难说谁能笑到最后。 null不定式作表语通常表示预定要发生的动作,或表示未来的可能性和假设。例如:Alan was to have done it but he forgot. 阿伦原来打算做这件事但给忘了。(不定式动作发生在主句谓语动作之前,故用完成时) 例如:I think I am to faint. 我想我要晕倒了。 例外:作表语的不定式也可以时说明或解释主语的 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 ,此时不定式只作单纯的表语,不具有将来的含义。null如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。例如:To do two things at a time is to do neither. 一次做两件事等于未做。 例如:To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。null如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语对主语起补充说明作用。例如:His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future. 他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。例如:The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant. 最重要的事情就是同他们谈判工厂的将来。null常见的只能用不定式作宾语的动词(短语)。afford(负担得起)agree(同意)aim(以...为目标)appear(似乎,显得)arrange(安排)ask(要求)aspire(渴望)attempt(企图)beg(恳求)believe(相信)bother(费神,劳驾)care(关心,喜欢)claim(声称)dare(敢于)decide(决定)demand(要求)desire(愿望)determine(决定)elect(作出选择,决定)enable(能够)engage(保证)expect(期望)fail(不能)guarantee(保证)happen(碰巧)hesitate(犹豫)hope(希望)intend(想要,打算)null learn(学习)long(渴望)manage(设法)neglect(忽视)offer(提供)plan( 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 )prepare(准备)pretend(假装)promise(承诺,允许)refuse(拒绝)seek(企图,寻觅)tend(倾向)threaten(威胁)trouble(费神,劳驾)undertake(承接,担任)venture(敢于,斗胆)volunteer(志愿)want(想要)wish(希望)例如:They begged to go with us. 他们恳求与我们同行。例如:You needn't bother to come yourself. 不必劳驾你亲自过来。例如:He elected to become a doctor. 他决定当医生。null有些动词可以要求其后的不定式前面加一个连接副(代)词,一起充当宾语。what,when,where,which,how,whether等,但不可以是why。advise ask consider decide discuss find out inquire know learn regard see settle show teach tell think understand wondernull例如:Could you tell me whether to got for a picnic? 你能告诉我是否会去野餐?例如:My little sister is learning how to read and write. 例如:My mother showed me how to prepare meals. 例如:I wonder where to go. 我的小妹妹正在学习如何阅读和 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 写。母亲向我演示了如何做饭。我不知道去哪儿。null当不定式为直接宾语,且带有宾语补足语时,应将不定式置于补足语后面,而用it代替不定式。例如:I found it impossible to answer all the questions within the time given.我发现在规定的时间内答完所有的问题是不可能的。(impossible为宾语补足语)例如:Some who were famous in their own times would find it difficult to achieve success today.一些过去著名的人物在今天也许就难以成功。(difficult为宾语补足语)null常见的可用不定式做宾语补足语的动词(短语)admit advise allow appoint arrange for ask assign beg believe bind(责备) call on care for cause charge(命令) choose command consider count on dare depend on direct drive elect empower enable encourage entitle expect forbid force get hate help impel inspire instruct intend invite judge like long fornulloblige order permit persuade pray prefer press pretend prove recommend rely on remind report require reveal show stimulate suppose teach tell think train trust vote for wait for want warn wish例如:He advised me not to buy it. 他劝我不要卖它。例如:The news disposed me to believe that. 那条新闻使我相信了那件事。例如:He forbids her daughter to stay out after midnight. 他禁止她的女儿夜不归宿。null句子的谓语动词是某些感官动词和使役动词时,作宾语补语的不定式可以省去to。如果这些谓语动词为被动形式,则需要保留to。例如:The mad woman is heard to scream. 例如:I heard him lock the door.我听到他锁门了。例如:What makes you think I'm a farmer.是什么让你认为我是一个农民?例如:I didn't perceive anyone enter the building.我没有察觉有任何人进入大楼。例如:The boy was made to go to bed early.那男孩早早的就睡觉了。听到那个疯女人在尖叫。null有些动词后面跟it作形式宾语,再接不定式作宾语补足语。例如:The limited budget makes it difficultfor us to keep pace with the luxurious way of living.有限的预算使我们很难维持现有的奢华生活。null不定式修饰的名词前有only,last,next,not a,序数词或形容词最高级形容时,该不定式与其所修饰的名词通常逻辑上是主谓关系。例如:He was the last one to leave school yesterday. 昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。例如:Charles Lindbergh is the first man to fly the Atlantic alone. 查理林德伯格是第一个独自飞跃大西洋的人。null不定式与所修饰的名词逻辑上构成动宾关系时,该不定式后面不能再带宾语,如果不定式为不及物动词,则需保留介词。例如:She has a lot of work to do in the morning. 早上他有很多工作要做。例如:I need a pen to write with. 我需要一支笔写字。(介词with不能省略)在正式文体中通常使用“介词+whom/which+不定式”结构来做定语。whom和which分别代要修饰的人或物。null有些动词要求用不定式做宾语,有些形容词要求用不定式做补语,则它们相应的名词一般也常用不定式做定语。ability ambition anxiety attempt claim curiosity decision desire determination eagerness failure hope impatience intention need order patience plan promise refusal resolution tendency wish例如:Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us. 他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们大吃一惊。例如:Now the need to learn other people's language is becoming greater and greater.现在学习外语的必要性越来越大。null不定式做定语时一般修饰将要去做的事。即不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后。例如:I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time to catch the last bus. 我几乎没有时间去赶上末班车。例如:Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing? 你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗?null有些不定式做定语时,是用来说明被修饰名词的内容,相当于这个名词的表语。anxiety chance courage effort evidence flight means measures move movement opportunity plan position power reason right skill strength struggle例如:Greater efforts to increase corn production must be made if bread shortage is to be avoided. 为了避免面包短缺的现象,大量增加玉米生产的努力必须被实施。例如:You have no reason to enter that building after dark. 天黑后你没有理由进入那座大楼。null不定式可以用来做目的状语,相当于用in order to,so as to引导的目的状语。例如:Tim sat near the fire to get warm. “为何召开这次特别会议?”“为了选举新的官员。”蒂姆为了取暖坐在火炉旁边。例如:“Why was the special meeting called?”“To elect the new officers.”null不定式可以用来做结果状语,常用enough to,sufficient to,only to,never to,so + 形容词/副词 + as to引导。例如:Would you be so kind as to step this way, please? 请您从这边走好吗?我要开门,却发现门被里面锁住了。例如:I tried the door, only to find it locked inside.null不定式做状语时,其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语。例如:In order to be a good scientist, one must understand mathematics. 要成为一个出色的科学家,必须懂数学。例外:不定式的逻辑主语若与主句不同,通常由for引出。例如:The coffee was too hot for him to drink.咖啡太烫了,他没法喝。null“too...to”也可用来做结果状语,后面的不定式常含有否定含义。但这个结构有不少变体则表示肯定含义。but too...to never too...to not too...to only too...to(非常) too apt to(易于) too eager to(渴望) too ready to(非常乐意) too... to(太...以至于不能) too...not to例如:It is never too late to mend. 亡羊补牢,犹未为晚。例如:I'm only too glad to see you again.非常高兴再次见到你。例如:He is too careful not to have noticed it.他那么细心,不会注意不到这一点的。null不定式常用于作表语的形容词后面表示结果或原因。able afraid apt careful certain clever difficult eager easy fit happy interesting likely lucky ready right sorry sure unable unwilling例如:Be careful not to frighten the horse by whipping it. 不要鞭打马,小心惊吓到它。例如:I have enjoyed my visit here. I'll be very sorry to leave.我很高兴来这里访问,离开这里我感到很难过。null不定式可以用来做原因状语。例如:I was delighted to meet him. 我很高兴遇到他。(相当于I was delighted because I meet him.)例如:She smiled to see the students so happy. 看到学生们这么高兴她笑了。(相当于She smiled because she saw the students so happy.)不定式可以用来做方式状语。例如:He opened his mouth wide as if to speak. 他张开嘴像是要说些什么。(相当于He opened his mouth wide as if he would speak.)null常见的后面只接省略to的不定式的结构。cannot but(只得)cannot help but(不得不,只得)had better(最好还是)had rather(宁愿)may (just) as well(还是...的好)must (just) as well(幸好)rather than(而不是)why not(为什么不)would rather(宁愿)would sooner(宁愿)would you please(请您...)例如:He couldn't but accept the terms. 他只得接受这个条款。没什么事可做,我还是上床睡觉好了。例如:There is nothing to do, so I may as well go to bed. nulldo nothing/anything/everything...but/except结构中要跟不带to的不定式。例如:Last night I did nothing but watch TV. 昨天晚上,我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。例如:I have done nothing except do what I should. 我只能做我应该做的事。例如:There is nothing to do except wait until the rain stops除了静候雨停之外别无 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 。null例外:如果谓语动词不是“do nothing/anything/everything”,那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带to。例如:The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking. 医生除了让他戒烟,其它什么都没有说。例如:There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent. 除了保持沉默以外,他们没有别有别的办法。null不定式的进行式表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生,它只有主动形式“to be doing”,没有被动形式。例如:When the boss came in, Pauline happened to be calling her boyfriend. 老板进来的时候,波林正在和男友打电话。例如:They seems to be discussing your problem. 他们好像正在讨论你的问题。null不定式的完成式表示其动作发生在谓语动词之前,其主动形式为“to have done”,被动形式为“to have been done”。例如:I am glad to have received your letter. 收到你的来信我很高兴。(to have received发生在am glad之前)例如:He was said to have gone back. 据说他已经回去了。(to have received发生于am glad之前)null在have no choice but后要跟带to的不定式,解释为“别无选择,只好做...”在某些动词如protend,intend,mean,plan等后面使用不定式的完成式可以表示过去想做而未做成的事。牛顿原计划解决那个问题,却未能做到。例如:Newton planned to have solved the problem, but failed to do so. -ing分词-ing分词1-ing分词做主语 2-ing分词做表语 3-ing分词做宾语 4-ing分词做宾语补足语 5-ing分词做定语 6-ing分词做状语 7-ing分词用法注意事项null-ing分词作主语时也常用于there be no +-ing分词的结构中,相当于It is impossible to do sth,意思为“做...是不可能的”。null-ing分词做表语具有主动的概念,一般用来描述某人或某事物的性质,解释为“令人...”。convincing(令人信服的)delighting(令人高兴的)disappointing(令人失望的)embarrassing(令人窘迫的)encouraging(令人鼓舞的)exciting(令人激动的)interesting(令人有趣的)moving(令人感动的)puzzling(令人费解的)refreshing(令人提神的)satisfying(令人满意的)surprising(令人惊异的)worrying(令人担心的)例如:The argument is very convincing. 例如:It feels quite refreshing to take a bathafter work. 工作之后洗个澡让人觉得非常清新。 null-ing分词做表语可以用来说明或解释主语,这时的-ing分词相当与动名词。例如:Perseverance is failing nineteen times and succeeding the twentieth. 毅力就是失败了十九次以后的第二十次胜利。 null常见的只能接-ing分词作宾语的动词(短语)accede to(答应)adapt to(适应)acknowledge(承认,自认)admit (to)(承认)advise(建议)advocate(提倡,主张)agree to(同意)allow amount to(意味着,实际上是)apply to(适用于)anticipate appreciate(感激,欣赏)approve of(同意) avoid bar(禁止)be accustomed to(习惯于)be afraid of(害怕)be fond of(喜欢)be good at(擅长)be intent on(专心于)be interested in(感兴趣)be opposed to(反对的)nullbe similar to(相似)be sick of(厌恶)be successful in(成功)be tired of(厌倦)be worried about(不开心)bring to(苏醒)can't help(禁不住)can't resist(禁不住)can't stick(难以忍受)confess to(承认)consider(考虑)contribute to(有助于)count on(依靠)delay(延迟)deny(否认)depend on(决定于)doubt(怀疑)endure(忍受)enjoy(享有,喜爱)escape(逃跑,逃避)excuse(原谅)fall to(开始)fancy(幻想,爱好)favor(造成,偏爱)feel like(想要)finish(完成)forbid(禁止)get round to(腾出时间来做)get to(到达)give up(放弃)nullhave difficulty (in) (在某方面有困难)have trouble (in) (在...有困难)hold off(拖延)imagine(设想)include insist on(坚持)involve(卷入,包含) justify keep(继续不断)leave off(停止)look forward to(期望)mention(说到,讲到)mind(介意)miss(错过,逃过)necessitate(使必要)object to(反对)overlook(忽略)own to(承认)permit(允许)postpone(延迟)practise(实行,实践)presist in(坚持)prevent(阻止)prohibit(禁止)put off(推迟)quit(放弃,停止) recall(回想)recollect(回想)recommend(建议)rely on(依靠)report(报道)resent(怨恨)nullresist(抵抗,阻止)resort to(求助)respond to(答复)resume(恢复)risk(冒险)save(免得)see to(照料,注意)stand(坚持,忍受)succeed in(获得成功)suggest(建议)take to(开始从事)testify to(证明)think about(考虑)think of(考虑)turn to(求助于)understand worry about(担心) 例如:I must admit to feeling ashamed. 我必须承认感到了羞耻。 例如:Nor do we doubt being able to finish the work ahead of time. 我们没有人怀疑可以提前完成任务。null-ing分词可以作介词的宾语。例如:After turning over on his couch more than a dozen times, he gave up his attempt to sleep. 他在床上翻来覆去十多次之后,放弃了睡觉的企图。如果你今晚不能来,明天怎么样?例如:If you can't come tonight, how about coming tomorrow?null-ing分词做宾语补足语时,宾语补足语与宾语之间是主动关系。常见的可以带-ING分词作宾语补足语的动词有bring(引起)catch(碰上)discover(发现)feel(感觉到) find get have hear(听见) help keep(使连续做)leave(使...处于某种状态)like listen to(听到)look at(看着)notice(发现)observe(看见)order see(看见)set(使得,引起)smell start(引起) think understand want watch(观看)wishnull例如:The farmer caught the boys stealing his apples. 那个农民正好碰上那些男孩在偷他的苹果。例如:She left her baby crying. 她任凭她的宝宝哭个不停。例如:Her questions set me thinking. 她的问题使我陷入了沉思。null-ing分词(短语)作定语时,其修饰的中心词应该是分词动作的发生者的。例如:The seating capacity of the stadium has been enlarged. 体育馆的座位容量已经被扩大了。例如:A man claiming to represent every minority group in the city who the election for mayor. 那个宣称代表市内每个少数派的人在市长竞选中获胜。null-ing分词做定语时一般修饰正在进行的事。即现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。例如:He rushed into the burning house. 他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。例如:The child standing over there is my brother. 站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。null单独的-ing分词做定语时通常前置,-ing分词短语做定语时通常后置。例如:George is a promising young man. 乔治是一个有前途的年轻人。(单独的-ing分词做定语时前置)例如:Please tell the children playing outside not to make so much noise. 请告诉那些在外面玩的小孩不要那么吵。(-ing分词短语做定语时后置)null-ing分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语,且句子的主语为分词动作的发生者,它们之间的关系是主动关系。例如:Seeing the house on fire, he dialed 999. 看见房子着火了,他拨打了电话999。例如:Returning to my apartment I found my watch missing. 回到我的房间后,我发现我的手表不见了。null-ing分词做状语可以用来表示时间,如果要强调-ing分词与谓语动词的动作同时发生时,在分词之前可以用连词when或while。例如:climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view. 爬到塔的顶端,我们看见了一幅宏伟的景观。例如:When leaving the airport, they waved to us again and again. 离开机场时,他们向我们一次又一次得挥手。null-ing分词做状语可以用来表示原因。例如:Being sick, I stayed at home. 由于生病,我呆在了家里。例如:She caught cold sitting on the grass.由于坐在草地上,她着凉了。null-ing分词做状语可以用来表示条件。例如:Adopting this method, we will raise the average yield by 40 percent. 采用这个方法,我们将增加40%的平均产量。例如:Turing to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage. 向右转,你将发现一条通往他的别墅的小路。null-ing分词做状语可以用来表示让步。例如:Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasn't tried her best. 虽然接纳了她的解释,我仍然认为她没有尽全力。null-ing分词做状语可以用来表示结果。例如:It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country. 大雨引发了那个国家的严重洪灾。例如:It rained for two weeks on end, completely ruining our holiday. 连续两周的下雨彻底破坏了我们的度假。null-ing分词做状语可以表示方式或伴随情况。例如:He ran up to her breathing heavily. 他气喘吁吁得跑向她。例如:Please fill in the form, giving your name, address, etc. 请填写表格,写上你的姓名,地址等等。null-ing分词的一般时表示分词的动作与主句谓语的动作同时发生,它的主动语态的形式为-ing分词,被动语态的形式为“being + -ed分词”。例如:Everybody dislikes being laughed at. 谁都不喜欢被人嘲笑。-ing分词的完成时表示分词的动作发生在主句谓语的动作之前,它的主动语态的形式为“having + -ed分词”,被动语态的形式为“having been + -ed分词”。例如:Having sold the million copies of his books, Ray is currently the best scientific fiction writer. 雷的书已经售出了一千万册,他现在是最好的科幻小说家。 null-ing分词的完成进行时表示分词的动作从过去开始,一直到说话时仍未结束,它的主动语的形式为“having + been + -ING分词”,被动语态的形式为“having been + being + -ed分词”。例如:Having been given this information, Ericsat down again to wait. 得到此消息后,埃里克又坐下来等着。“there be”句型的-ing分词形式为“there being”。-ed分词-ed分词1-ed分词做表语 2-ed分词做宾语补足语 3-ed分词做定语 4-ed分词做状语null-ed分词做表语具有被动的概念,一般表示某人对某事的感觉或者体验,解释为“感到...”。confused(感到困惑的) delighted(感到高兴的)disappointed(感到失望的) dissatisfied(感到不满的) embarrassed(感到窘迫的) encouraged(感到鼓舞的) excited(感到激动的) interested(感到高兴的) pleased(感到愉快的) puzzled(感到费解的) satisfied(感到满意的) surprised(感到惊异的) worried(感到担心的)null例如:The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much. 如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。例如:Janet was embarrassed when the boy asked her age. 当那个男孩问道珍妮特的年龄时,她感到很窘迫。null-ed分词做宾语补足语时,宾语补足语与宾语之间是被动关系。常见的可以带-ED分词作宾语补足语的动词。feel find get have hear help keep like make notice notion observe order see set smell start think understand want watch wish 例如:We found his hair style changed completely. 我们发现他的发型完全改变了。例如:I made myself understood easily. 我使自己很容易就被人理解了。-ed分词做宾语补足语,表示-ed分词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经完成。例如:We found the work completely done. null-ed分词(短语)作定语时,其修饰的中心词应该是分词动作的接受者。例如:Mrs. Brown is looking for a used car. 布郎夫人想买辆二手车。例如:What's the language spoken in Germany. 在德国说哪中语言。例外:不及物动词的-ed分词没有被动含义,只表示完成的意思。例如:The street was covered with fallen leaves. 这条马路被落叶所覆盖。null-ed分词做定语时一般修饰已经完成的事。即过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。单独的-ed分词做定语时可以前置也可以后置。例如:The concerned taxi driver called the general hospital for an ambulance. 那位焦急的出租车司机打电话向综合医院叫了一辆救护车。例如:The directors of various departments concerned have been discussing what steps and measures to be taken to adapt their products to the present marketing situation. 不同部门的有关负责人正在讨论采取何种方法和步骤来使得他们的产品适应现有的市场环境。null-ed分词短语做定语时通常后置。例如:All books borrowed from the library must be returned before the end of the semester. 所有从图书馆借出的书必须在学期结束前归还。如果-ed分词所表示的动作此刻正在发生或与谓语动词同时发生,应用-ing分词的被动式,即“being + -ed分词”。例如:The grammar book being revised will come out this time next year. 那本正在修订中的语法书将在明年的这个时候出版。null如果-ed分词所表示的将要发生的动作,应用不定式的被动式,即“to be + - ed分词”。例如:The novel to be published next month will be a good seller. 那本将在下个月出版的小说将会热销。null-ed分词做状语可以用来表示时间。例如:Heated, metals expand. 受热时,金属会膨胀。例如:When seen through a telescope the sun appears dark near the edge. 从望远镜中看出去,太阳的边缘显得很暗。null-ed分词做状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致,句子的主语一般为分词动作的接受者,它们之间的关系是被动关系。例如:Stranded in the middle of the Sahara desert, the archaeologist faced the problem of finding water. 被困在撒哈拉沙漠中间,这位考古学家面临着找水的困难。例如:Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 如果对这些树多关心一些,它们本来会长得更好。
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