英美文学选读填空题

1 Sonnet is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines. 2. A sonnet is a form of lyric poetry with fourteen lines and a specific rhyme scheme. 3. Irony refer to the technique of using one thing and meaning another with the audience aware of both. 4. write down the names of the first five meters: monometer, dimeter, trimeter, tetrameter and pentameter. 5. Satire is the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose people’s stupidity, vices and some bad phenomena in society. 6. Figures of speech—— (Oxymoron) “a clever fool”, “true lies”, “painful pleasure”, “a deafening silence” (Paradox) “Beauty and folly are often companies.” “More haste，less speed.” William Shakespeare 1.William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. Shakespeare’s close friend, the playwright Ben Jonson, said of Shakespeare that he was “not of an age, but for all time”  2.“To be, or not to be—that is the question” is a line taken from Hamlet , the first of the great tragedies, is generally regarded as Shakespeare’s most popular play on the stage, for it has the qualities of a “blood-and-thunder” thriller and a “philosophical exploration of life and death”. 3."All the world is a stage, and all the men and women merely players" is from William Shakespeare's work ---. As You Like It 4.The great works of William Shakespeare include plays , narrative poems and sonnets）. 5.The sentences “Parting is such sweet sorrow” and “Frailty, thy name is woman” are abstracted from the work of (William Shakespeare) 6.The most famous tragedies of Shakespeare are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth；and the most famous comedies are: As You Like It, A Midsummer Night’s of Dream, Twelfth Night, The Merchant of Venice 7.William Shakespeare’s career is usually divided into 3 periods. The first period consists of his historical plays and comedies. The second period includes his great tragedies. And in the third period, he chiefly wrote tragic-comedies, of which The Tempest is the most significant. The meter of sonnet 18 is (iambic pentameter). In Sonnet 18, Shakespeare meditate on the destructive power of time and eternal beauty by poetry. Daniel Defoe 1、Daniel Defoe is the first important English novelist and a versatile writer, who is regarded as “The father of English novel” and also “The founder of British journalism”. when he was nearly sixty years old , he wrote his first novel ，Robinson Crusoe，which was published in1719. 2、The supreme quality of Daniel Defoe's novels lies in the sense of reality and the lifelikeness of the characters, and his language he used is easy, free, and very plain. 3、Daniel Defoe’s last four novels are captain Singleton、Mollflanders、Colonel tack、Roxana, showing his deep sympathy for the poor and down-trodden people 4、Robinson Crusoe is an English sailor, who, after many adventures and perils, comes to Brazil, where he settles down and becomes a plantation owner. Later he embarks on another voyage, and during a storm the ship is wrecked off the coast of a desolate island. 5、”After I had been there about ten or twelve days, it came into my thoughts that I should lose my reckoning of time for want of books…… ” this is a sentence from Robinson Crusoe from which we can see that the author used the First person narrative point of view. Jonathan Swift 1. Jonathan Swift was an Irish satirist ,essayist, political pamphleteer(first for the whigs,then for the Tories),poet and cleric who became Dean of St.Patrick's Cathedral,Dublin. his work can be justly ranked among the greatest satirical works of word literature. 2 Jonathan Swift wrote a great deal of prose. His works A Tale of A Tub, which was published in 1904, was a satire on the various churches of the day. 3 Gulliver's Travels can be justly ranked among the greatest satirical works of world literature .It consists of four _voyages ,respectively to Liliput ,to Brobdingnag ,to Laputa and other strange lands, and to the country of the Houynhnms. (Gulliver’s Travels) Robert Burns 1、 Robert Burns devoted his life to the collection of Scottish folk songs for two anthologies, entitled The Scots Musical Museum and Select Collection of Original Scottish Airs. 2、 Robert Burns is the national poet of (Scotland) and the pioneer of the Romantic movement.. He wrote his poems chiefly in Scottish dialect and his poetry is unsurpassed for its beautiful lyricism and sincerity of emotions. 3. In the last stanza of the poem A RED, RED ROSE, the rhyme scheme is a b a b, and the odd-numbered lines are iambic tetrameters . William Blake 1,William Blake was Largely unrecognised during his lifetime but gained his fame after his death. Blake Prize for Religious Art （布莱克宗教艺术奖）was established in his honour in Australia in 1949. 2, The great English poet, painter，engraver and printmaker William Blake lives in the age of. Romantic Age. He was a visionary who has a great imagination. He drew many great works and one of the pictures "Newton" was painted by him. 3, “Poems which are simple without being naïve, childlike without being childish, innocent without being insipid” are used to modify William Blake’s Songs of Innocence. 4.Blake wrote The French Revolution. at the moment of the very outbreak of the French bourgeois revolution, in which he predicts the final victory of the revolution. 5.William Blake's most famous works are :Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience.，which reflects two widely different views of the human soul. William Wordsworth 1. Together with Coleridge Wordsworth published in 1798_Lyrical_Ballads, which marked the break with 18th century classicism and the beginning of Romanticism in English Poetry. In this book, William Wordsworth wrote "all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings". 2. In 1843 William Wordsworth succeeded Robert Southey as Poet Laureate, which is a position appointed by government. 3. Wordsworth’s short poems can be classified into two groups: poems about nature and poems about (human life). 4.William Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey were known as the "Lake Poets", many of whose poems revolve around themes of death, endurance, separation and grief. 5. William Wordsworth aid he is “One of the best artists of us all," when Byron said "Without exception the best and least selfish man I ever knew," Lord Byron 1．Don Juan _ranks as one of the most important long poems published in England since John Milton's Paradise Lost and was often called the epic of its time. 2. Byron’s Childe Harold's Pilgrimage is a Narrative poem and the publication of the first two cantos of this poem in 1812 made Byron the leading figure in English poetry. 3. Those characters who are usually men of noble origin with fiery passions and unbending will and against tyranny and injustice in Byron's poems are called (Byronic Heroes) Shelley 1. “Wide Sprit, which art moving everywhere; Destroy and Preserver, hear, O hear!” The two lines are found in (Ode to the West Wind by Shelly) ,it is a great lyric on nature among Shelly's poems, which has underlying significance: the old world must go, a new world must come with the sping, laden with fresh promises for suffering humanity. 2. Ode to the West Wind is written in 1819 near Florence, Italy, published in 1820. The poem consists of five cantos written in terza rima. Each canto consists of four tercets (ABA, BCB, CDC, DED) and a rhyming couplet (EE). 3. Shelley's lyric poems are full of (Plato) 's philosophy on love, that is, seeing love is the supreme spirit pursuit. John Keats 1. John Keats was an English Romantic poet. Along with Lord Byron and Percy Byssh Shelley, he was one of the key figures in the second generation of the Romantic movement. 2. John Keats was born in the year of1795 , and he is a romantic poet. The most satisfying of his three odes, Ode to the autumn , carries its noble freight of beauty. Jane Austen 1. Jane Austen is one of the most famous female writers in the world, most of her works’ theme are love and marriage.She is credited with having brought the English novel to its maturity. 2. Her feature? never touched upon the class conflicts, subjects mattered to a narrow range of society and events. 3. Please write down three of Jane Austen’s novels.(Pride and Prejudice; Emma; Sense and Sensibility; Northanger Abbey; Mansfield Park; Persuasion) 4. “It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.” The quoted part is taken from Pride and Prejudice which was published in1813.. 5.The two major novelists of the English Romantic Period are Jane Austen and Walter Scott. 6.Jane Austen was iconoclastic, showing the daily life and the countryside landscape of the English middle class which hadn't been affected by Industrial Evolution. 7.Jane AustenShe had written _6 books in her whole life. The most important one is (Pride and Prejudice) Charles Dickens 1. In 1836 Dickens accepted the job of editor of Bentley's Miscellany, a position he held for three years, until he fell out with the owner. This year, he published his first collection of pieces,. (Sketches by Boz) 2. (David Copperfield) is regarded by many as Dickens’s masterpiece, and it is also an autobiographical novel to a certain extent, the author makes direct attacks on the capitalist world."… like many fond parents, I have in my heart of hearts a favourite child. And his name is_David Copperfield _." 3. Charles Dickens exposes the evils of American society in American Notes (1842) and Martin Chuzzlewit (1843),he is the outstanding representative of English critical realism. 4 (Dickens) is the outstanding representative of English critical realism, His famous works are as follows: The Posthumous Paper of the Pickwick Club, lover Twists, Nicholas Nickel