判断题-英国文学

TheprogressofbourgeoiseconomymadeEnglandapowerfulstateandenabledherin1588toinflictadefeatontheSpanishInvincibleArmada.TTheProtestantReformationwasinessenceareligiousmovementinapoliticalguise.FBeforetheReformation,theEnglishBiblewasuniversallyusedbytheCatholicchurches.FShakespeare’ssonnetsaredividedintothreegroups:Numbers1—17,Numbers18—126,andNumbers127—154.TShakespeare’ssonnetsarewrittenforvarietyofvirtues.TShakespearewroteabouthisownpeopleandforhisowntime.TToreproducethereallife,Shakespeareoftencombinesthemajesticwiththefunny,thepoeticwiththeprosaic(散文体的)andtragicwiththecomic.TUtopiaisMore’smasterpiece,writtenintheformoflettersbetweenMoreandHythloday,avoyage.FBoththegentlemenandthecommonpeoplewenttothetheatres.ButtheupperclasswasthedominantforceinElizabethantheatre.TFromShakespeare’shistoryplays,itcanbeseenthatShakespearetookagreatinterestinthepoliticalquestionsofhistime.TGenerallyspeaking,afterShakespeare,theEnglishdramawasundergoingaprocessofprosperity.FEnglishRenaissancePeriodwasanageofpoetryanddrama,andwasanageofprose.FUtopia,BookOne,describesanidealcommunistsociety.FEnglishliteratureofthe17thcenturywitnessedaflourishonthewhole.FTheRevolutionPeriodisalsocalledAgeofMiltonbecauseitproducedagreatpoetwholenameisWilliamMilton.FThemainliteraryforminliteratureofRevolutionPeriodisdrama.FAmongtheEnglishpoetsduringtheRevolutionPeriod,JohnDonnewasthegreatestone.FThegreatestepicproducedbyMilton,ParadiseLost,iswritteninheroiccouplets.FThe18thcenturywasanageofpoetry.Agroupofexcellentprosewriters,suchasJonathanSwift,SamuelRichardson,HenryFielding,wereproduced.FNovelwritingmadeabigadvanceinthe18thcentury.Themaincharactersinthenovelswerenolongercommonpeople,butthekingsandnobles.FThe19thcenturyproducedthefirstEnglishnovelists,whofallintotwogroups:thesentimentalistnovelistsandtherealistnovelist.FRobertBurnsisrememberedmainlyforhissongswrittenintheEnglishdialectonavarietyofsubjects.FMyHeart’sintheHighlandsisoneofthebestknownpoemswrittenbyRobertBurnsinwhichheporedhisunshakableloveforhishomeland.TManyofGoldsmith’spoemswereputtomusic.FPre-romanticismisusheredbyBurnsandBlakeandrepresentedbyPercy,MacphersonandChatterton.FEnglishRomanticliteraturestartedfrommid-18thtotheearly19thcentury.FJaneAustenisoneofthegreatestromanticwomannovelists.TAftercomposingtheLucypoems,WordsworthbeganhisThePrelude.TP.B.Shelleygainedhisnickname,“MadShelley”becauseofhisindependentandrebelliousattitude.TLyricalBalladsbeginswithColeridge’slongpoem,“TinternAbbey”.FManyofthesubjectsofthepoemsinLyricalBalladsdealwithelementsofnature.TColeridgewrotethemajorityofpoemsinLyricalBallads.FWordsworth’s“IWonderedLonelyasaCloud”hasanothername,GrowthofaPoet’sMind.FThePreludeisalongandautobiographicalpoemconsideredasColeridge’smasterpiece.FSomeromanticwritersstoodonthesideofthefeudalforcesandevencombinedthemselveswiththoseforces.TWordsworthandColeridgearerevolutionaryRomanticpoets.FByronandShelleyandKeatsareknownastheromanticpoetsofthesecondgeneration.TTheromanticistspaidgreatattentiontothespiritualandemotionallifeofman.TJaneAustenisawriterwhoregardsnovelwritingasasophisticatedart.TThestoryofShelley’sPrometheusUnboundwastakenfromRomanmythology.FShelleyisoneoftheleadingRomanticpoets,anintenseandoriginallyricalpoetintheEnglishlanguage.TByron’sDonJuanbeginswithdescriptionsofthehero’schildhood.TByron’sliterarycareerwascloselylinkedwiththestruggleandprogressivemovementsofhisage.TByronopposedoppressionandslavery,andhasapassionateloveforliberty.TWordsworthdrewinspirationsfromthemountainsandlakes.TDickens’ThePickwickPapersgivesarathercomprehensivepictureofearly19thcenturyEngland.TMr.PickwickandSamWellerweretwomajorcharactersinThePickwickPaperswhicharousedtheinterestsofthereaders.TInOliverTwist,Dickensmakeshisreadersawareoftheinhumanityofcountrylifeundercapitalism.FThetitleBleakHouseisnotonlythenameofahousebutisalsoanapt(贴切(tiēqiè)的)descriptionofthesocietyofthetime.THardTimesisafierceattackonthebourgeoissystemofeducationandethics(论理学，道德(dàodé)学)andonutilitarianism(功利主义）.TATaleofTwoCitiestakestheIndustrialRevolutionasthesubject.FThethemeunderlyingATaleofTwoCitiesistheidea“Wherethereisoppression,thereisrevolution.”TThestoryofTessisfilledwithafeelingofdismalforebodinganddoom.TFatefulcircumstancesandtragiccoincidencesaboundinthebookofJudetheObscure.FJamesJoyceandVirginiaWoolfarethetwobest-knownnovelistsofthe“streamofconsciousness”school.T56.WiththeestablishmentoftheJacobindictatorshipinFrance,Wordsworth’sattitudetowardrevolutionchangedintoactive.(F)57．IntherevisedversionofLyricalBallads,Coleridgeheldthatpoetryisthe“spontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeeling”.(F)58.Romanticismisaliterarytrend.ItprevailedinEnglandintheperiod(1798---1832)(F)59.TheidealsofFrenchRevolutionareliberty,democracy,andequality.(F)6.Thebrilliantliterarycriticism“BiographiaLiteraria”iswrittenbyWordsworth.(F)60.ATaleofTwoCitiesbelongstothefirstwritingphaseofDickens’scareer,andthetwocitiesareLondonandParis.(F)61.Symbolism,Surrealism,Imagism,Expressionism,etc,allbelongtoSchoolofModernism.(T)62.TheRainbowisD.H.Lawrence’sautobiographicalwork.(T)63.ChauceremployedtheheroiccoupletinwritinghisgreatestworkTheCanterburytales.T64.Shakespeare’splayshavebeentraditionallydividedintofourcategoriesaccordingtodramatictype:histories,comedies,tragediesandromances.T65.JohnMilton’sParadiseLostopenswiththedescriptionofameetingamongthefallenangels,andendswiththedepartureofAdamandEvefromtheGardenofEden.T66.“Tilla’theseasgangdry,mydear,/Andtherocksmeltwi’thesun:/Iwillluvetheestill,mydear,/Whilethesandsoflifeshallrun.”Theabovelinesaretakenfromthefamouspoem“ScotsWhaHae”.F67.InGulliver’sTravels,YahoosarethecreatureslivinginHouyhnynms.T68.Asanageofromanticenthusiasm,theRomanticAgebeganin1789whenWordsworthandColeridgepublishedLyricalBallads.F69.OdesaregenerallyregardedasKeats’mostimportantandmatureworks.T70.WutheringHeightsiswrittenbyAnnBronte.Itisamorbidstoryoflove,butapowerfulattackonthebourgeoismarriagesystem.FTheEnglishtranslationoftheBibleemergedasaresultofthestrugglebetweenProtestantandCatholicism.TTheBiblewasnotablytranslatedintoEnglishbytheProtestants.TApartfromthereligiousinfluence,theAuthorizedVersionhashadagreatinfluenceonEnglishlanguageandliterature.TRationalismisthethemeoftheEnglishRenaissance,whichemphasizedthecapacitiesofhumanmindandtheachievementsofhumannature.FSonnetscontainItaliansonnetsandShakespearesonnets.TThehighestgloryoftheEnglishRenaissancewasunquestionablyitsnovel.FInthe16thcentury,LondonbecamethecentreofEnglishdrama.TIntheElizabethanTheater,therewerenoactressandwomen’spartswerealwaystakenbyboys.TShakespeare’sdramabecomesamonumentoftheEnglishneo-classicism.FThePilgrim’sProgressgivesavividandsatiricalpictureofVanityFairwhichisthesymbolofLondonatthetimeofRestoration.TJohnMilton’smasterpiece,ThePilgrim’sProgress,isanallegory,anarrativeinwhichgeneralconceptssuchassins,despair,andfaitharerepresentedaspeopleorasaspectsofthenaturalworld.FSatanistheheroinMilton’smasterpieceThePilgrim’sProgress.FEnglishenlightenersbelievedintheemmotion.FEnglishenlightenersbelievedthatsocialproblemscouldbedealtwithbyhumanintelligence.TSameulJohnson’sADictionaryofEnglishLanguagealsomarkedtheendofEnglishwriters’relianceonthepatronageofnoblemenforsupport.TIndescribingRobinson’slifeontheisland,Defoeglorifieshumanlabor.TInasense,inEnglishRomanticAge,literatureequaledpoetry.TWilliamWordsworthwasinfluencedbytheAmericanIndependenceWar.FManysubjectsofLyricalBalladsdealwithelementsofnature.TLyricalBalladsajointworkofWordsworthandhisfriendSouthey.FThepublicationofLyricalBalladsin1798marksthebeginningoftheRomanticMovementinEngland.TThepublicationofLyricalBalladsmarkedthebreakwithclasscism.TTheRomanticAgecametoanendin1832whenthelastRomanticwriterRobertSougheydied.FTheEnglishRomanticperiodproducedtwomajornovelists:WalterScottandJaneAusten.TIn1817,SamuelTaylorColeridgefinishedhisliterarycriticism,BiographiaLiteraria.TWordsworth’spoetryisdistinguishedbythesimplicityofhislanguage.TThefirstpoeminthecollectionTheLyricalBalladsisColeridge’smasterpiece.TheRimeoftheAncientMariner.TOnthedeathofRobertSoutheyin1843,Wordsworthwasmadepoetlaureate.TGeorgeGordonByronischieflyknownforhistwolongpoems:OneisChildeHarold’sPilgrimage,theotherisDonJuan.TDickens’writingsfrom1836to1841showthecharacteristicofyouthfuloptimism.TDickens’writingsfrom1842to1850showthecharacterofexcitementandirritation.TDickens’writingsfrom1852to1870showthefeatureofoptimism.F内容总结