Unit1ThePowerofLanguage I.NewwordsandexpressionsNewwords1.criticaladj.有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎）的2.non-fictionn.纪实文学3.positionn.观点；态度；立场4.statementn.说明；说法；表态5. question v.表示疑问；怀疑 outofquestion/outofthequestion6.evaluatev.估计；评价；评估7.contextn.事情发生的背景，环境，来龙去脉8. value n.values[pl.]是非
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；价值观 valuable invaluable=priceless valueless9.represent v.描述；表现 representativeadj./n.10.assertionn.明确肯定；断言11.sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的 sufficiency insufficient12.statisticn.statistics[pl.]统计数字；统计资料13.integratev.（使）合并，成为一体14.authority n.专家；学术权威；泰斗 an/theauthorityonsth. authorize15.compare v.比较；对比 compareAwithB compareAtoB16.subjectn.主题；题目；题材17.consistentadj.相符的；符合的18.inconsistencyn.不一致19.assumptionn.假定；假设20.case n.具体情况；事例 incase incaseoffire incasethat… acaseinpoint confirmed/suspectedcases21.directlyadv.直接地；径直地22.identifyv.找到；发现23.valid adj.符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的 validityn.有效性，正确（性） invalid24.credible adj.可信的；可靠的 incredible=unbelievable25.landmarkn.（标志重要阶段的）里程碑26.relevant adj.紧密相关的；切题的 relevancyn.关联；恰当 irrelevant27.currentadj.现时发生的；当前的28.appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的 inappropriate It's(not)appropriatethat….29.biasn.偏见；偏心；偏向30.considerably adv.非常；很；相当多地 consider considering considerable considerate consideration31.Democratn.（美国）民主党党员，民主党支持者民32.Republicann.（美国）共和党党员，共和党支持者33.reflectv.显示；表明；表达34.informed adj.有学问的；有见识的 well-informed ill-informedPhrasesandExpressions1.applyto使用；应用2.putforth提出；产生3.take…intoaccount考虑到；顾及4.accept/take…atfacevalue相信表面；信以为真5.withagrainofsalt有保留地；持怀疑态度地II.TextLearningCriticalReading① (1)Criticalreading appliesto non-fictionwriting inwhich theauthor putsforthaposition orseekstomakeastatement. Criticalreadingisactivereading.Itinvolvesmorethanjust（不只是，不仅仅是）understandingwhatanauthorissaying.Criticalreadinginvolvesquestioningandevaluatingwhattheauthorissaying,andformingyourownopinionsaboutwhattheauthorissaying. Herearethethingsyoushoulddotobeacriticalreader.（启下句）本部分重点及难点：1.Criticalreading appliesto non-fictionwriting inwhich theauthor putsforthaposition orseekstomakeastatement. applytosb./sth.=beapplicabletosb./sth. apply的派生词：application,applicant,applicable② Considerthecontextofwhatiswritten.Youmaybereadingsomethingthatwaswrittenbyanauthorfromadifferentculturalcontext than yours. (2)Or,youmaybereadingsomethingwritten sometime agoinadifferenttimecontextthanyours. (3)Ineithercase,youmustrecognizeandtakeintoaccountanydifferencesbetweenyourvaluesandattitudesandthoserepresentedbytheauthor. 本部分重点及难点：2.Or,youmaybereadingsomethingwritten sometime agoinadifferenttimecontextthanyours.sometime注意区分：sometime/sometimes/sometimes3. Ineithercase,youmustrecognizeand takeintoaccount anydifferencesbetweenyour valuesandattitudes and those representedbytheauthor.不论哪种情况，你必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同。those是代词，代替前面的复数名词valuesandattitudes。代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用that。例如：Thestudentsinyourclassaremorehard-workingthanthoseinhisclass.Thevaluesoftheyoungpeopledifferfromthoseoftheirelders.Yourvoiceismorebeautifulthatthatofyourclassmates.Thepriceofthatbookishigherthanthatofthisone.请认真答题，答题结果将记入
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测评的成绩！【单选题】1.Thenecklacehersisteriswearingismuchmorebeautifulthan______wornbyMary.A．thisB．thatC．theseD．those【
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八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案
】B【解析】本题考查指代词those/that的用法。英语句子中为了避免重复常使用代词代替前面出现过的名词。代替前面的复数名词用those；代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用that。本句中空格处要填的词代替代替单数可数名词necklace，故选A。此处that也可以换成theone。【知识点】指代词those/that的用法③ Questionassertionsmadebytheauthor.Don'tacceptwhatiswritten atfacevalue.Beforeacceptingwhatiswritten,becertainthattheauthorprovidessufficientsupportforanyassertionsmade. Lookforfacts,examples,andstatisticsthatprovidesupport.（承上句）Also,looktoseeiftheauthorhasintegratedtheworkofauthorities.④ Comparewhatiswrittenwithotherwrittenworkonthesubject. (4)Looktoseethatwhatiswrittenisconsistentwithwhatothershavewrittenaboutthesubject. Ifthereareinconsistencies,carefullyevaluatethesupporttheauthorprovidesfortheinconsistencies.（承上句）本部分重点及难点：4.Looktoseethatwhatiswritten isconsistentwith whatothershavewrittenaboutthesubject.beconsistentwith与……一致consist vi.组成（of）；在于（in）；符合（with）TheUnitedKingdomconsistsofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.Thebeautyoftheplanconsistsinitssimplicity.Thisdoesn'tconsistwithwhatyoutoldmeearlier.这和你先前告诉我的不符合。consist的派生词：consistent,inconsistent,consistency,inconsistency请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】2.Totellyouthetruth,Ireallyhopethatyouractionswillconsist______yourwordsthistime.A．ofB．inC．atD．with【答案】D【解析】本题考查consist的用法。consistof意为"由……组成"；consistin意为"在于"；consistwith意为"与……一致"，故选D。consistat不存在。该句的意思是"说实话，我真希望这次你的言行能一致"。【知识点】consist的用法⑤Analyzeassumptionsmadebytheauthor.(5)Assumptionsare whatever theauthormustbelieve istrue inordertomakeassertions.Inmanycases,theauthor'sassumptionsarenotdirectlystated. Thismeansyoumustreadcarefullyinordertoidentifyanyassumptions.（承上启下句）Onceyouidentifyanassumption,youmustdecidewhetherornottheassumptionisvalid.⑥Evaluatethesourcestheauthoruses.Indoingthis,becertainthatthesourcesarecredible.Forexample,Einsteinisacrediblesourceiftheauthoriswritingaboutlandmarkachievementsinphysics.Alsobecertainthatthesourcesarerelevant. Einsteinisnotarelevantsourcewhenthesubjectispoetry.（承上句） Finallyiftheauthoriswritingaboutasubjectinitscurrentstate,besurethatthesourcesarecurrent（启下句）.Forexample,studiesdonebyEinsteinintheearly20thcenturymaynotbeappropriateifthewriterisdiscussingthe currentstateofknowledgeinphysics.⑦Identifyanypossibleauthorbias. (6)AwrittendiscussionofAmericanpoliticswilllikely lookconsiderablydifferentdependingonwhetherthewriterisaDemocratoraRepublican. (7)Whatiswrittenmayverywellreflect abiasedposition.Youneedtotakethispossiblebiasintoaccountwhenreadingwhattheauthorhaswrittenwith"agrainofsalt."⑧ Bybeingacriticalreader,youwillbecome betterinformed andmay changeyourviewsasappropriate.本部分重点及难点：5.Assumptionsare whatevertheauthormustbelieveistrue inordertomakeassertions.whatever引导的是表语从句，不能换成nomatterwhat。名词性从句（主语，宾语，表语，同位语从句）中，"疑问词ever"不能换成"nomatter+疑问词"，状语从句中可以换用。例如：Whoevercomestoourpartyiswelcome.（不能换成nomatterwho…）Hewilllendahelpinghandtowhoeverneedshishelp.(不能换)Hewillbuywhateverhissonwants.（不能换）Whateveryoudo,Iwillsupportyou.(能换成nomatterwhat…)6.AwrittendiscussionofAmericanpoliticswill likely lookconsiderablydifferentdependingonwhetherthewriterisaDemocratoraRepublican.likely在该句中是副词likelyadj./adv.belikelytodosth.It'slikelythat…alikelyresultProfitwillmostlikelyhaverisenbyabout?2million.利润极可能增加200万英镑左右。（副词）likely的派生词：unlikely,likelihood。例如：Thelikelihoodofinfectionisminimal.感染的可能性极小。7.Whatiswrittenmayverywellreflect abiasedposition.abiasedpositionbebiasedto/toward(s)/against反义词：unbiasedIII.部分练习讲解P111BridgingtheGapDirections:Fillintheblankswithawordoraphrasethatbestcompletesthepassage.Youmaychooseasuitableonefromthelistgiven.解题方法：把词分类动词 名词 形容词 副词define action powerful internallyexpress tears personalshape shape goodrespond toLanguageisoneofthethingsthatsetsusapartasbeings,oneofthethingsthatessentially 1 definesusashumans.Whenlanguageisusedwellitcanelicitverydeepfeelinginothers,motivateothersto 2 actionanddefinethenatureofourrelationships.Sometimesinpoetrythejuxtaposition（并列）oftwowordsoracertainphrasecanbring 3tearstotheeyes,callupawholehostofimageryandmoveusdeeply.Wehaveseenlanguagerecentlyusedinthepoliticsofpersuasion,usedfor 4 goodorill-dependingonyourviewpoint.Whenweuselanguageto 5 expressourtruefeelingstosomeoneitcanopenanddeepentheconnectionbetweenus.Languageisavery 6 powerfultool.Howweuselanguageshapesourworldboth 7 internallyandexternally.Howyouuseself-talk-whatyousaytoyourselfaboutyourselfandabouttheworlddirectly 8 shapes（塑造，使成形） yourexperienceofbothyourselfandtheworld.Howyoudelivercommunicationshapesthewaytheworld 9 responds toyou.Wecanuselanguagemoreeffectivelyinbothspheres:internalandexternalanddirectlyinfluencethehealthandpowerofour 10 personalrelationshipsandourbusinessrelationships.I.NewwordsandexpressionsNewwords1.confidence n.自信心；把握 相关词：confident beconfidentofsb./sth. have/loseconfidenceinsb./sth. 注意比较：confident/confidential2.programv.训练；培养3.masteryn.控制；驾驭4.destinyn.命运；天命；天数5.dramaticallyadv.巨大地；惊人地；显著地6.qualityn.质量；品质7.subconsciousadj.下意识的；潛意识的8.pleasev.使满意；使愉快9.commandn.（给人或动物的）命令10.knowinglyadv.故意地；蓄意地11.impactn.巨大影响；强大作用12.matterv.事关紧要；有重大影响13.confidentadj.自信的；有自信心的14.sensen.（对重大事情的）感觉，意识15.eliminate v.排除；清除；消除 eliminateallgrammaticalmistakes beeliminatedinthefirstround16.disempower v.剥夺；使失去权利；剥夺力量 注意构词法：dis（表示否定）+em（使，赋予）+power en-/em-常见的动词前缀，如：enable,enrich,endanger,enlarge等。 empowerv.授权，赋予权利17.self-esteemn.自尊（心）18.limit v.限制；限定 区分两个名词limit和limitation。 Thereisalimit/arelimitstoone'slife. Thereisnolimit/arenolimitstoknowledge. Everyonehashisownlimitations.19.infinite adj.极大的；无法衡量的 相关词：finite,finitely,infinitely20.stiflev.压制；扼杀；阻止21.creativity n.创造力 相关词：create,creation,creator,creative,creatively22.internaladj.内心的；头脑中的23.insignificant adj.微不足道的；无足轻重的 相关词：significant,significance,significantly,insignificance24.commonlyadv.通常；常常25.alternative n.可供选择的事物，替代物 havenoalternativebuttodosth. Isthereanyalternativetogoingtothecinema?26.fabulousadj.极好的；绝妙的PhrasesandExpressions1.carryout完成（任务）2.beupto取决于3.haveanimpacton/upon对…产生巨大影响4.rub…out用橡皮擦掉（字迹等）5.beincontrolof掌管；管理；控制II.TextLearningTheLanguageofConfidence1Thelanguageweuse programs ourbrains.Masteringourlanguagegivesusagreatdegreeof mastery overourlivesandourdestinies.Itisimportanttousethelanguage inthebestwaypossible inorderto dramaticallyimproveourqualityoflife.2Eventhesmallestofwordscanhavethedeepesteffectonour subconsciousmind,whichislikeachild,anditdoesn'treallyunderstandthedifferencebetweenwhatreallyhappensandwhatyouimagine. (1)Itiseagertopleaseandwillingtocarryoutanycommandsthatyougiveit-whetheryoudothisknowinglyornotisentirelyuptoyou."Try"3Itisasmallwordyetithasanamazingimpactuponus.Ifsomeonesays,"I'lltrytodothat"youknowthattheyarenotgoingtobe puttingtheirwholeheartinto it,andmaynotevendoitatall. (2)Howoftendoyouusethewordtrywhentalkingaboutthethingsthatmattertoyou?Doyousay"I'lltrytobemoreconfident"or"I'lltrytodothat"or"I'lltrytocall"?4Thinkaboutsomethingthatyouwouldliketoachieve,andsayittoyourselfintwodifferentways.Firstlysay, "I'lltryto …" andnoticehowyoufeel.Nextsay,"Iwilldo…"andseehowyoufeel.5 (3)Thelatter makesyoufeelbetterthanthefirstone,doesn'tit? Itgivesyouasenseofdetermination,afeelingthatitwillbedone.Listentothepeoplearoundyouandwhentheysaytheywilltrynoticeifitgetsdoneornot. Eliminatethewordtryfromyourdictionaryandseehowyourlifeimproves.（承上句）本部分重点及难点：1.Itiseagertopleaseandwillingtocarryoutanycommandsthatyougiveit-whetheryoudothisknowinglyornotisentirelyuptoyou.它渴望取悦，乐意听从你给它的任何命令，而你是有意还是无意地做这些完全取决于你。 (1)carryoutcommands执行命令 (2)beuptosb.取决于某人 例如：It'suptoyouwhetherwegothereornot.2.Howoftendoyouusethewordtrywhentalkingaboutthethingsthatmattertoyou? matterv.beimportant 例如：Aslongasstaffaresmart,itdoesnotmatterhowlongtheirhairis.员工只要聪明，头发留多长没什么关系。 Itmattersalotwhetheryoucometomybirthdaypartyornot.3.Thelattermakesyoufeelbetterthanthefirstone,doesn'tit? theformer…thelatter…"Can't"6Thisisanothersmallwordwithabigimpact.Itdisempowersus,makesusfeelweakandhelpless,anddamagesourself-esteem. (4)Itlimitsour infinite abilitiesandstiflescreativity. Rubitoutfromyourinternaldictionary and replaceitwithsomethingthatmakesyoufeelgreat.本部分重点及难点：4.Itlimitsourinfiniteabilitiesandstiflescreativity. (1)infinite的词根是finite，其它相关词：finitely,infinitely,finiteness/finity,infiniteness/infinity。 (2)creativity的词根是create。注意区分两个名词：creation/creativity。请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】3.选择括号内所给单词的正确形式填空：Asmallwordlike"can't"limitsour______(finite)abilitiesanddiscourages_______(create).A．finite,creatingB．finite,creationC．infinite,creativityD．infinite,creation【答案】C【解析】本题考查finite及create的派生词。第一个空格要填的词作abilities的定语，故选择形容词；第二个空格要填的词作discourage的宾语，根据句义"can't这样的小词限制了我们无限的能力并压制了我们的创造性"，故选C。【知识点】finite及create的派生词7Insteadofsayingyoucan't,whynotsaysomethinglike"Ichoose（愿意）…" or"Ichoosenotto …".Usingwordslikethisallowsyoutotakebackyourpowerandtobeincontrolofyourlife.8Wordsmayappearsmalland insignificant,yettheycan haveadeepandlastingeffectonus. (5)Masteringyourlanguagegivesyouthepowertolivewhateverlifeyoudesire.9Whatwordsdoyouusealotthatdisempoweryou? Makealistofwordsyoucommonlyuseandthenwritenexttothemsomealternativesyoucanuse. （承上句）(6)Makethesealternativeswordsthatmakeyoufeelfabulous,notonlyaboutyourself,butaboutlifeandwhatyouaredoing!（承上句）本部分重点及难点：5.Masteringyourlanguagegivesyouthepowertolivewhateverlifeyoudesire.give…thepower相当于empower，该句等于Masteringyourlanguageempowersyoutolivewhateverlifeyoudesire.6.Makethesealternativeswordsthatmakeyoufeelfabulous,notonlyaboutyourself,butaboutlifeandwhatyouaredoing!让这些替代词不仅使你对自己感觉良好，而且使你对生活、对你所做的事情感觉无限美好吧！(1)make在这里接名词作宾补，即makesb./sth.sth.，再如：Wemadehimourmonitor.(2)makeyoufeelfabulous，make接dosth.作宾补。(3)notonly…but(also)…
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