关于电子商务物流配送能力的文献综述

关于电子商务物流配送能力的文献综述 摘要:随着网络及电子技术的不断发展，物流配送已经成为电子商务发展的“瓶颈”。根据对相关文献的学习和评析，本文主要阐述了电子商务物流配送的优势;电子商务环境下物流配送的主要特点;我国电子商务主要的物流模式;物流配送模式的选择;电子商务物流配送的发展趋势。 关键词:电子商务;物流配送;物流模式;发展趋势; 1.绪论 1.1研究背景 现今社会，电子商务给人们带来了很大的便利，使人们足不出户就能够获得自己想要得到的物品。但是，随着电子商务的发展，现实社会中的物流配送网络已不能够满足需要。我国物流业的缓慢发展已成为电子商务发展的一大阻碍。 1.2研究内容 伴随着信息时代的到来，我国的电子商务进入了飞速发展时期。本文通过对电子商务物流配送能力相关文献的综述，阐述了电子商务时代我国物流配送的特点、我国电子商务主要的物流模式、物流配送模式的选择、电子商务物流配送的发展趋势、并且指出我国电子商务物流配送的发展现状和存在的问题，并对存在的问题提出相应对策。 2.电子商务时代的物流配送 电子商务物流配送是指物流配送企业采用网络化的计算机技术和现代化的硬件设备、软件系统及先进的管理手段，针对客户的需求，根据用户的订货要求，进行一系列分类、编码、整理、配货等理货工作，按照约定的时间和地点将确定数量和规格要求的商品传递到用户的活动及过程。电子商务下 [1]物流配送具有信息化、网络化、现代化、社会化的基本特征。 2.1电子商务模式 由于研究侧重点不同，对电子商务的分类也不尽相同，本文将学术界对电子商务的分类进行梳理，如表1所示。按照参与电子商务的主体对电子商务进行分类，主要包括企业与消费者(B2C)、企业与企业(B2B)、消费者与消费者 ,2,(C2C)、企业与政府(B2G)、消费者与政府(C2G)等五种;按照交易商品和服务的特点分类可分为直达客户模式、信息中介模式和全程服务模式;按照交易过程可将电子商务划分为交易前、交易中和交易后等三种模式;按照交易对象的不同，电子商务可分为有形产品和无形产品两类;按实现层次，电子商务主要包括信息发布电子商务、Intranet 电子商务、Extranet 电子商务、网上交易电子商务等四种; 而按照电子商务发生的信息网络范围可分为本地 [3]电子商务、国内远程电子商务和全球电子商务。如表1所示: 表1-电子商务模式的分类 分类方式 类型 交易主体 B2C,B2B,C2C,B2G,C2G 交易商品特点 直达客户模式、信息中介模式、全程服务模式 交易前电子商务、交易中电子商务、交易后电子商电子商交易过程 务 务模式 交易对象 有形产品电子商务、无形产品电子商务 信息发布电子商务、Intranet电子商务、 交易实现层次 Extranet电子商务、网上交易电子商务 信息网络范围 本地电子商务、国内远程电子商务、全球电子商务 [1] 2.1电子商务物流配送的优势 电子商务物流配送的最终目的是以最合理的方式、最快的速度、在成本最小的情况下来满足客户对配送的需求，从而实现电子商务企业和顾客“共赢”的局面。根据对相关文献的学习，电子商务物流配送相对于传统物流配送来 说具有以下几点优势: (1)实现货物的高效配送:货物配置的速度、规模和效率都大大提高，使得货物的高效配送得以实现。 (2)实现配送的适时控制:配送系统的自动化程序化处理、配送过程的动态化控制、指令的瞬间到达都使得配送的适时控制得以实现。 (3)物流配送过程的简化:在电子商务物流配送模式下，物流配送中心可以使这些过程借助网络实现简单化和智能化。 2.2电子商务环境下物流配送的特点 [4] (l)虚拟性。电子商务物流配送的虚拟性来源于网络的虚拟性，通过借助现代计算机技术,配送活动已由过去的实体空间拓展到了虚拟网络空间,实体作业节点可以以虚拟信息节点的形式表现出来;实体配送活动的各项职能和功能可在计算机上进行仿真模拟,通过虚拟配送,找到实体配送中存在的不合理现象,从而进行组合优化,最终实现实体配送过程的效率最高、费用最少、距离最短、时间最少等目标。 [4] (2)增值性。除了传统的分拣、备货、配货、加工、包装、送货等作业以 外,电子商务物流配送的功能还向上游延伸到市场调研与预测、采购及订单处理,向下延伸到物流咨询、物流方案的选择和规划,库存控制决策,物流教育与培训等附加功能,从而为客户提供具有更多增值性的物流服务。 [5] (3)智能化。物流配送作业过程包括大量的运筹和决策，如运输路径的选择，成本的优化控制，物流配送中心经营管理的决策支持等问题都需要借助智能化系统解决。为了提高物流系统现代化的水平，适应电子商务的要求，物流配送智能化已成为电子商务时代物流配送系统发展的一个新趋势。 (4)个性化。商品的多样化和顾客对配送的不同需求，导致了配送的个性化。根据顾客对不同产品的不同配送方式的要求，采取不同的配送方式来满足不同的顾客，个性化就是一个很重要的特点。 [6]3.物流模式 物流模式是指供应商采用何种物流运作方式把商品送到最终用户手中。从提供物流服务的角度来说，目前存在从第一方物流到第四方物流，也提出了第五方物流和第六方物流的概念，事实上是一个概念延伸的过程。 第一方物流(1PL),也叫自营物流，指生产企业自身做仓储和货运。 第二方物流(2PL),买方、销售者或流通企业组织的物流活动。 第三方物流(3PL),也叫 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 契约物流。生产经营企业为集中精力搞好主业，把原来属于自己的物流活动，以合同方式委托给专业物流服务企业，同时通过信息系统与物流企业保持密切联系，以达到对物流全程管理控制的一种物流运作与管理方式。 第四方物流(4PL)，是供应链集成商。专门为第一方、第二方和第三方提供物流规划、咨询、物流信息系统、供应链管理等活动。第四方并不实际承担具体的物流运作活动。 3.1我国电子商务主要的物流模式 电子商务物流模式是在物流供应链上建立一种新的供应链集成系统，最大限度地利用企业的有限资金。目前，电子商务企业们越来越重视物流，2011 年，电商企业们全力进军物流业。企业应该结合自身实际情况，选择最为适 [7]合企业自身的物流模式。 我国电子商务企业发展相对滞后的物流配送体系已严重制约了企业有效地参与全球化电子商务竞争，成为其自身发展的瓶颈。企业在配送决策上往往要在物流配送成本和配送服务上进行平衡博弈。电子商务时代的物流配送应具有信息化，网络化，现代化等特点。具体说来，企业应立足供应链的集成化、信息网络平台的协同化，采用网络化技术、现代化的硬件设备、软件系统及先进的管理手段，对整个物流和配送体系实行统一的信息管理和调度， [8]来实现对于消费者的实物配送。 当前，我国电子商务企业的物流配送体系发展不平衡，经营模式也各不相 同。在通过对相关文献的学习，归纳起来，我国电子商务主要的物流模式有一下几种: (1)自营物流模式。自营物流模式是指企业物流配送的各个环节由企业本 [9]身筹建并组织管理, 实现对企业内部和外部货物配送的模式。这种模式是目前国内综合性企业普遍采用的一种物流模式。从配送中心到运输队伍，全部由电商企业自己整体建设，它将大量的资金用于物流队伍、仓储体系建设。企业通过在企业内部独立组建自己的物流中心，实现对内部各部门、场、店的物品供应。典型企业有京东商城、苏宁电器等。自营配送便于各环节的协调配合, 可以对物流系统运作的全过程进行有效的控制, 同时可以降低交易成本,避免商业秘密的泄露, 但由于前期投入较高, 适合规模较大的连锁企业[10]。自营物流模式具有能够提高客户满意度、充分利用现有资源、信息沟通渠道畅通、能及时了解客户的需求信息等优点，同时自营模式还具有物流成本难于计算、不利于提高企业的核心竞争力、物流的管理难于实现专业化、物流规模难于扩大等缺点。 (2)自营与物流外包配送相结合模式。国内的学者大多数认为物流外包是 [11]指企业将物流业务交予第三方物流运作公司运作的方式。王淑云,王旭明指出物流外包是指物流服务需求企业将物流业务外包给第三方物流企业,达到 [12][13]降低成本、提高企业的应变能力和核心竞争力。杨达和季葆苓等人认为物流外包即制造或销售等企业为集中精力增强其核心竞争力,而将其物流业务以合同方式委托专业物流公司运作的一种长期的、战略的、相互渗透的、 [14]互利互惠的业务委托和合约执行方式。何丽红,李丹认为物流外包是企业为集中精力于核心业务,将其物流业务的全部或一部分以合同的方式委托给专业的物流公司运作,运作过程中通过信息系统与物流服务提供商保持密切联系,达到对物流全程的管理和控制的一种物流运作模式。自营与物流外包配送 [15]相结合模式以京东商城为例: 京东采用自营物流和物流外包相结合的模式主要是针对二三线城市。由于二三线城市的订单密度低,自建物流中心的成本过高,利用率不够,故采用物流外包的经营策略。在小型包裹的配送上与当地的快递公司合作,货物到达二三线城市由合作的第三方完成配送任务。在大型货物的配送比如白色家电的配送服务上,则选择与大型的家电厂商合作。一般大型家电厂商在各地都有自己的地区销售商和代理商,厂家一般都利用代理商的物流公司和仓储中心展开物理合作工作。如果京东商城选择和知名的厂商(比如TCL、海信、格力)合作,不仅能利用厂商在全国各地的品牌影响力扩大宣传,在解决资金流和信息流的同时还能够增强对地区市场的了解。 [16] (3)物流联盟模式。电子商务下的物流联盟就是有物流需求的各电子商务企业利用相互的市场销售网络来建立配送体系，共同使用，从而扩大物流配送规模，降低物流配送成本。 [7] (4)第三方物流模式。电子商务企业做自己最擅长的如平台、数据等，而把其他业务比如生产、物流都外包给第三方专业企业去做，最终是把公司做 小，把客户群体做大。这是传统电商企业的传统运作模式，也就是说，电商企业真正实现“归核化”和“服务外包”。典型的电商企业有当当网、国美电器。 (5)第四方物流模式。第四方物流是指通过对第三方物流企业进行整合，以提供更为合理、更为有效的方案的活动。第四方物流实现了“三化”:一是社会化，快递公司、派送点、代送点等成千上万的终端都可以为我所用;二是节约化，众多社会资源集中共享一个云物流平台，实现规模效应;三是标 [6]准化，一改物流行业的散、乱，建立统一的管理平台，规范服务的各个环节。 [17]3.2不同物流配送模式的优劣势比较 不同物流配送模式有着各自的优势和缺点,投身于零售电子商务的企业或网上商店应根据自己的实际情况来选择不同的配送模式。不同物流模式的优劣势的比较见表2。 表2-不同物流配送模式的优劣势比较 自营物流配送模式 第三方物流配送模式 联盟物流配送模式 零售电子商务企业对物流电子商务企业可以将力量可以降低经营风险和不确定配送 与资 性 有较强的控制能力 源集中于自己的核心主业 物流部门与其它职能部门优势 易于 降低经营成本 获得物流技术和管理技巧 协调 企业容易保持供应链的稳改进客户服务 较少的投资 定 物流基础设施需要很大的我国的第三方物流尚未成 投入 熟 劣势 更换物流伙伴比较困难 需要较强的物流管理能力 容易受制于人 处理物流配送能力相对较销售网络完善的传统零售企适用范大型集团零售企业/零售低的 业 围 连锁企业 B2C企业/C2C网上零售商开展电子商务时 家 4.我国电子商务物流配送 [1]4.1我国电子商务物流配送的发展现状 目前，我国物流配送服务有一定的发展。有些零售企业建立了自己的配送中心，为企业内部的连锁网点提供物流配送服务，有些国有商业批发企业和大型零售企业正在积极探索和尝试开展社会化物流配送服务。同时，外资在物流配送服务领域的发展也十分迅速，如中国储运总公司与日本岗谷钢机株式会社合资组建了天津岗谷物流公司，是集配送、加工、仓储、寄售、租赁、修理、展销和技术咨询为一体的新型流通组织。 但是，中国物流还处于起步阶段，与国际先进水平还存在一定的差距。目前，中国物流市场总额达到了17780 亿美元，约占全国GDP 的20%，这是一个非常巨大的市场，而在这样庞大的市场中，专业的第三方物流的市场占有比例却是很低的，约为2%,3%，中国第三方物流的使用率和市场占有率远远低于经济发达国家。 4.2我国电子商务物流配送存在的问题 (1)商品的配送成本过高。由于商品多样化的特征，导致了商品在物流配送环节中出现了众多的不协调问题，如:配送方式的选择、配送企业的选择、配送路线的选择、配送车辆的选择等，现实中的配送往往会造成车辆空载率大、无法充分利用配送人员的空余时间等，从而造成配送成本过高。 [18] (2)缺乏电子商务方面的物流人才。这里一指缺乏从事物流理论研究与实务的专门人才;二指缺乏懂电子商务理论和实务的专门人才;三指缺乏既懂IT 技术，又懂电子商务的网络经济人才;四指缺乏既懂电子商务，又懂现代物流的有创新思想的复合型人才。上述四类人才的短缺将直接影响我国电子商务与物流配送体系的发展。国外物流配送的教育和培训系统非常发达，很多大学和学院开设物流管理专业，部分院校设置研究生物流课程，并在社会上全面开展物流配送的职业教育。相比较而言，我国在物流配送方面的教育还非常落后，在高等院校中开设物流专业和课程的较少，研究生层次教育刚起步，职业教育更是贫乏。 (3)物流基础设施不健全、配送渠道不完善。我国物流基础设施落后，技术装备陈旧，物流现代化程度低，从而影响了我国物流效率的提高，成为物 [1]流业实现信息化及流通现代化的“瓶颈”。 现在电子商务企业对商品的配送渠道主要有:(1)自己建立配送网络，组建配送队伍，独立完成配送业务。但是建立一个社会化的配送网络投资相当巨大，如果每个公司都组织和管理自己的整个配送网络，不仅很困难，而且没有规模效应，可能得不偿失。如果企业规模不大，配送量过小，必然造成亏本。(2)电子商务企业与其他的配送公司签订配送协议，交给他人完成配送业务。如8848 网站，与邮局、铁道、航空签约，与民间的速递公司、发行公司、有自己的配送渠道的销售连锁企业签约，让这些专门的配送公司去处理配送问题。不过，这种配送系统通俗地说，实在是“缝缝补补”，“凑合着来”。由于电子商务企业与这些独立的配送公司在信息沟通上、账务交易上、经营管理上存在着一定的差距，形成配送操作系统与电子商务平台的脱节，出现配送不及时，给客户送错货，忘记送货或者无法送货等等让商家与客户皆不满意的现象。(3)采取网上购物，网下就近商店付款取货的形式。这种形式，增加了商店的店面成本，而且不能实现“送货到家”，由此降低了电子商务的服 [18]务质量和本质内涵，因而得不到推广。 (4)发展现代物流的法制环境有待完善。物流业的发展离不开企业的支持，同时也需要相应的法制法规来进行补充和优化，只有社会环境得到加强，物 流业才能在良好的竞争环境中得到快速的发展。完善物流行业中相应的法律法规对物流配送的发展也能起到一定的促进作用。 [18] (5)对物流配送缺乏正确和充分的认识。我国的电子商务还处在初级发展阶段，其功能主要局限于信息的交流，电子商务与物流之间相互依赖、相互促进的关系还没有在社会上得到普遍的认识。因此，人们在对重视电子商务的同时，却对面向电子商务的物流配送系统的重视程度不高，从而出现物流配送系统落后，不能与电子商务良好结合，限制电子商务快速、高效、便捷优势的发挥。20 世纪80 年代初，我国就引进物流配送的概念，但在相当多的企业中，其领导人的观念还停留在成本中心、利润中心上，没有把物流配送放到服务中心、战略中心的高度。 5.解决我国电子商务物流配送问题的对策 随着网络技术的发展和普及，电子商务将不可避免的成为21世纪商务发展的主流，而作为保证电子商务运作的物流配送将迎来新的商机与挑战。加快发展我国适应于电子商务的物流配送是我国企业参与国际竞争的需要，也是 [18]缩短与发达国家物流业差距的一次机遇，具有良好的前景。 [1]5.1降低物流成本和配送服务价格 (1)降低物流成本的主要途径:加快物流速度，扩大物流量;减少物流周转环节;采用先进、合理的物流技术。 (2)降低配送服务的价格:一是电子商务公司在考虑网站点击率和订货数量时，尽量将网上销售的商品控制在与物流企业协议确定的配送范围内，并尽量使之相对集中和形成规模。二是物流配送企业应加强管理开支节流，降低物流成本和配送服务的价格。 [18]5.2大力培养电子商务物流配送方面的人才队伍 从国外物流配送的发展 经验 班主任工作经验交流宣传工作经验交流材料优秀班主任经验交流小学课改经验典型材料房地产总经理管理经验 看，企业要求物流配送方面的从业人员应当具有一定物流知识水平和实践经验，为此，国外物流配送的教育和培训非常发达，形成了比较合理的物流配送人才的教育培训系统，一是在许多大学和学院中设置了物流管理专业，并广泛地为工商管理各专业的学生开设物流课程;二是部分商业院校设置了物流方向的研究生课程和学位教育，形成了一定规模的研究生教育系统;三是在各国物流行业协会的领导和倡导下，全面开展了物流配送的职业教育，强化物流技术与管理人员素质培训，建立优秀的物流人才队伍对确保现代物流的顺利发展显得尤为重要。 5.3电子商务企业要结合自身的实际情况，寻求最优的物流配送方案，降 [18]低经营成本，提高服务质量，赢得客户的信赖。 (1)建立良好的供应链关系。供应链连接着上、下游企业，其最终任务就 是支持物流从原始供应商，经过多个生产、运输环节到达最终顾客。 (2)将物流配送业务交给专业的第三方物流公司去完成。新浪广州首席代表张骥说:“物流配送并不是我们的专长，新浪的优势在于平台，这里有商家所需要的人气，物流还是交给专业的公司去做”。由于第三方物流公司在物流配送方面比一般的电子商务企业更熟练，其物流配送系统更完善，因此，电子商务企业与第三方物流公司签订长期稳定的合作关系，有利于物流配送系统的完善，扩大电子商务的业务范围。 (3)电子商务企业共同投资，建立社会化的电子商务物流配送网络。如果每个电子商务企业都建立自己独立的物流配送网络，那么一方面会由于建设费用投入高和自身的物流量的不稳定因素使得物流配送经营管理成本偏高;另一方面，由于重复建设，造成无谓的社会资源的大量浪费。 5.4.深化改革物流配送发展所需的 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 环境，建立完善的合理 [18]的物流管理体制。 物流配送发展所需的制度环境方面主要是指融资、产权转让、人才使用、市场准入或退出、社会保障等制度，而这些制度方面的攻革目前还远远不能适应企业经营的市场经济体制改革的需求。企业在改善自身物流效率时，必然要涉及到各种物流资源在企业内部和企业与市场之间的重新设置，由于上述制度改革尚未到位，企业根据经济合理原则对物流资源的再配置就会受到阻碍。因此，进一步深化制度改革，实施创新战略，是当前中国经济改革与发展面临的最紧迫的任务，也是物流和配送发展的必要条件。 [18]5.5.建立以配送为中心的物流服务体系。 配送是商品市场发展的产物，随着大批量、少批次的物流配送活动逐步被小批量、多批次所取代，个性化、多样化的市场需求越来越占有更多的市场份额，配送已成为电子商务时代物流活动的中心环节和最终目的。因此，一系列物流活动必须围绕组织配送表现出活跃的市场机制。物流企业内部的有关部门和人员应适当的面向配送、面向市场、面向客户。此外，物流企业要改变单一送货的观念，协助电子商务公司完成售后服务，提供更多的增值服务内容，如跟踪产品订单、提供销售统计和报表等。只有这样，才能紧跟电子商务的步伐，不被市场所淘汰。 [1]5.6倡导绿色物流。 绿色物流在物流过程中抑制物流对环境造成危害的同时，实现对物流环境的净化，使物流资源得到最充分利用。其主要为:在原 材料 关于××同志的政审材料调查表环保先进个人材料国家普通话测试材料农民专业合作社注销四查四问剖析材料 的取得和产品的分销过程中，运输对环境的污染;储运的一些有害物质，在物流过程中因储存和运输不当而发生泄漏，对环境的污染等。 5.7完善物流基础设施的建设，发展第三方物流。 电子商务的飞速发展，最终还是要以现实中的物流基础设施为依托，没有良好的物流基础设施建设，电子商务的再快发展也无法使顾客的满意程度达到最高。同时，发展第三方物流不仅可以节约企业自身的成本，而且还能够为企业树立良好的企业形象，有利于提升企业的竞争力。 6.小结 综上所述，我国的电子商务处于初期发展阶段，还没得到高度认可。为了推动我国电子商务物流配送发展，可从以上几个方面入手。电子商务的迅速发展使物流配送迅速升温，国内市场对物流配送的需求十分旺盛，物流配送正在成为国家新的经济增长点。面对这一形势，物流配送企业应勇于迎接挑战，抓住发展契机，在做好上述工作的同时，积极组织和参与供应链管理过程的物流活动或者向独立的第三方物流发展。政府亦应制定相关的法规政策，改变多个部门管理物流配送的不统一、不协调、不明确的现状，打破行业垄断，加强物流配送的市场宏观调控。 参考文献 [1]施金妹，冯军英.我国电子商务物流配送存在的问题及对策.电子商务，2013-08-06. 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(英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.