如何正确适用驳回起诉与驳回诉讼请求

如何正确适用驳回起诉与驳回诉讼请求 杨恒彬 燕鸣 在民商事审判实践中～驳回起诉和驳回诉讼请求两种裁判方式因在形式上具有某些相似性而常常被混淆。比如～当遇到原告起诉的被告不适格时～是从程序上裁定驳回起诉～还是从实体上判决驳回诉讼请求～各地法院往往做法不一～以致相同案件得不到相同的处理～影响了法律的严肃性和统一性。本文拟从诉权理论入手～就驳回起诉与驳回诉讼请求各自的涵义、适用等方面进行分析比较～以达到澄清认识、正确适用之目的。 一、 关于诉权的理论 在民商事诉讼中～诉权是指民事主体向人民法院起诉和应诉～请求人民法院保护其实体权益的权利～是公民、法人及其他组织在诉讼上享有的基本权利。诉权可分为程序意义上的诉权和实体意义上的诉权。 程序意义上的诉权又称为起诉权～是当事人认为自己的民事权益受到侵害或与他人发生争议～依照《民事诉讼法》的规定～向人民法院提出启动诉讼程序的权利。程序意义上的诉权是由《民事诉讼法》调整的～行使该项权利需符合《民事诉讼法》规定的条件。 实体意义上的诉权又称为胜诉权～是指民事主体提请人民法院用审判方法强制实现其在民事法律关系中的权益所产生的请求权。实体意义上的诉权是由民事实体法调整的～行使该项权利需符合民事实体法规定的条件。 程序意义上的诉权具有独立性～它不依赖于实体意义上的诉权而存在～即使民事主体没有实体意义上的诉权～也可以行使程序意义上的诉权。实体意义上的诉权虽具有独立happiness XX made active contribution. The afternoon of April 21, the city's "two" educational Working Conference. Thoroughly study and apply the XI series of important speech, General Secretary of the Conference, especially on "two to learn a" learn the spirit of the important instructions of the education, in accordance with the deployment requirements of Central and provincial Committee, the city "two" education work arrangements. Mu Weimin, Secretary of municipal party Committee, attended the meeting and spoke. Following party of mass line education practice activities, and "three strict three real" topic education zhihou, in all members in the carried out "two learn a do" learning education, reflected has central linked, and step step in-depth advance full strictly rule party of political set force, is continued strengthening party of thought political construction of major deployment, is advance full strictly rule party to grass-roots extends of important initiatives, is promoted party education normal of, and institutionalized of important practice, is advance reform development stable the work of important guarantee. "Two" study and education, is to make each Member party rules India in the party Constitution, series XI, General Secretary of spirit and transformed into a powerful ideological weapon, and comprehensively improve the ideological and political quality, further enhance political par core awareness, situation awareness, awareness, awareness, and further enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the party organizations at all levels. Is to promote the inner-party education to all party 性～其从民事法律关系发生时就已产生～但该权利的行使～必须依赖于程序意义上的诉权才能实现。 二、驳回起诉的涵义及其适用 一,驳回起诉～是指人民法院依据程序法的规定～对已经立案受理的案件在审理过程中～发现原告的起诉不符合法律规定的起诉条件～因而对原告的起诉予以拒绝的司法行为。 驳回起诉所要解决的是立案受理后具有程序意义上的诉权问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 ～它针对的是不符合法定起诉条件的起诉。根据《民事诉讼法》第140条的规定～人民法院对驳回起诉适用裁定的方式～当事人对裁定不服可以上诉。 二,驳回起诉适用于不符合《民事诉讼法》第108条规定的4项起诉条件或属于第111条所列7种情形以及有相关规定的情况。具体有以下几种: 1、原告自身缺乏诉讼权利能力和行为能力。如以已被工商管理机关注销的公司的名义起诉～以已死亡的公民的名义起诉等等。这类情况经审理发现～即予驳回起诉。 2、原告不是与本案有直接利害关系的当事人。人民法院在立案审查时～应对《民事诉讼法》第108条规定的起诉条件作较为宽泛的理解。只要当事人提供的有关材料～表面上能反映出原告是与本案有直接的利害关系～人民法院即应受理～所以立案时所掌握的“本案”的含义～应当明确为诉称事实～而不是经诉讼程序所确认的案件事实。而所谓“有直接利害关系”是指原告在其诉称事实所反映的民事法律关系中享有权利或负有义务。如立案之后～经过审理～发现原告起诉不符合法律规定的起诉条件的～则根据最高人民法院《关于适用,中华人民共和国民事诉讼法,若干问题的意见》第139条的规定～由人民法院裁定驳回起诉。如母亲以原告身份向已离婚的配偶主张孩子的抚育费～经审理查明即应适用驳回起诉处理。 happiness XX made active contribution. The afternoon of April 21, the city's "two" educational Working Conference. Thoroughly study and apply the XI series of important speech, General Secretary of the Conference, especially on "two to learn a" learn the spirit of the important instructions of the education, in accordance with the deployment requirements of Central and provincial Committee, the city "two" education work arrangements. Mu Weimin, Secretary of municipal party Committee, attended the meeting and spoke. Following party of mass line education practice activities, and "three strict three real" topic education zhihou, in all members in the carried out "two learn a do" learning education, reflected has central linked, and step step in-depth advance full strictly rule party of political set force, is continued strengthening party of thought political construction of major deployment, is advance full strictly rule party to grass-roots extends of important initiatives, is promoted party education normal of, and institutionalized of important practice, is advance reform development stable the work of important guarantee. "Two" study and education, is to make each Member party rules India in the party Constitution, series XI, General Secretary of spirit and transformed into a powerful ideological weapon, and comprehensively improve the ideological and political quality, further enhance political par core awareness, situation awareness, awareness, awareness, and further enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the party organizations at all levels. Is to promote the inner-party education to all party 3、没有明确的被告。所谓“明确的被告”～是指原告诉称的承担民事责任、履行民事义务的对象必须是具体的某个或几个公民、法人或其他组织～其必须有明确的名称和住址。如果案件受理后～发现被告信息不详～但原告不撤诉～也不能更改补充～即应驳回原告的起诉。此处“明确的被告”不应当理解为被告必须是经审理后确定的民事责任和义务的承受人～即不应理解为“不适格的被告”～对“不适格的被告”处理方式应是判决驳回诉讼请求～待后文详述。 4、无具体的诉讼请求、事实和理由。如原告要求被告赔偿损失～却说不出赔偿多少数额。此处作为起诉条件的事实不同于经法院审理认定的事实～这种诉称事实既可以是真实的～也可以是虚假的或部分虚假的。 5、不属人民法院主管工作的范围。例如属于历史遗留的落实政策性质的房地产纠纷～因行政指令而调整划拔、机构撤并分合等引起的房地产纠纷～因单位内部建房、分房等而引起的占房、腾房等房地产纠纷～当事人为此而提起的诉讼～人民法院应依法不予受理。如果已受理～经审查后发现属此种情况～应予驳回起诉。 6、判决、裁定已经发生法律效力～当事人又起诉的～告知其按申诉处理后当事人拒绝的～予以驳回起诉。但人民法院准许撤诉的裁定除外、法律规定可以在一定条件下或经一定期限后再起诉的案件除外。 7、按照法律规定～当事人不得在一定期限内起诉的案件～在不得起诉的期限内起诉的。如《婚姻法》第34条规定:女方在怀孕期间～分娩后一年内或中止妊娠后六个月内～男方不得提出离婚。受理后发现属于此种情况即予驳回起诉。 8、判决不准离婚和调解和好的离婚案件～判决调解维持收养关系的案件～没有新情况、新理由～原告在6个月内又起诉的～按照《民事诉讼法》第111条第7项的规定～应happiness XX made active contribution. The afternoon of April 21, the city's "two" educational Working Conference. Thoroughly study and apply the XI series of important speech, General Secretary of the Conference, especially on "two to learn a" learn the spirit of the important instructions of the education, in accordance with the deployment requirements of Central and provincial Committee, the city "two" education work arrangements. Mu Weimin, Secretary of municipal party Committee, attended the meeting and spoke. Following party of mass line education practice activities, and "three strict three real" topic education zhihou, in all members in the carried out "two learn a do" learning education, reflected has central linked, and step step in-depth advance full strictly rule party of political set force, is continued strengthening party of thought political construction of major deployment, is advance full strictly rule party to grass-roots extends of important initiatives, is promoted party education normal of, and institutionalized of important practice, is advance reform development stable the work of important guarantee. "Two" study and education, is to make each Member party rules India in the party Constitution, series XI, General Secretary of spirit and transformed into a powerful ideological weapon, and comprehensively improve the ideological and political quality, further enhance political par core awareness, situation awareness, awareness, awareness, and further enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the party organizations at all levels. Is to promote the inner-party education to all party 不予受理。如果已经受理～经审查发现即予驳回起诉,但被告起诉的～不受《民事诉讼法》第111条第7项规定的条件的限制。 9、属于行政诉讼范围的。如公民～法人和其他组织对人民政府或者主管部门就有关土地的所有权或使用权归属的处理决定不服～或对人民政府或其主管部门就房地产问题作出的行政处罚决定不服～而向人民法院提起的诉讼。如果原告经告知拒不撤诉另行提起行政诉讼的～则依照《民事诉讼法》第108条第4项的规定～予以驳回起诉。 10、双方当事人之间有仲裁 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 、约定仲裁的～应向原告告知向仲裁机构申请仲裁～仍不撤诉的予以驳回起诉。但仲裁条款、仲裁协议无效、失效或内容不明确无法执行的除外～当事人选择的仲裁机构不存在或选择裁决的事项超越仲裁机构权限的除外。 11、未经劳动仲裁的劳动争议案件或虽经劳动仲裁但不属于人民法院受理的劳动争议。根据《劳动法》及最高人民法院《关于审理劳动争议案件适用法律若干问题的解释》的相关规定～人民法院受理劳动争议案件～既要符合《劳动法》关于劳动仲裁为前置程序的规定～又要符合《民事诉讼法》关于起诉条件的规定。对未经劳动仲裁的劳动争议案件～人民法院不能直接受理。已经受理的应裁定驳回起诉。对虽经劳动仲裁但不属于人民法院受理的劳动争议案件范围～如果当事人向人民法院起诉,应裁定不予受理或者驳回起诉。 12、二审程序中认为依法不应由人民法院审理的案件。最高人民法院《关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉若干问题的意见》第186条规定:“人民法院依照第二审程序审理的案件认为依法不应由人民法院审理的～可以由第二审人民法院直接裁定撤销原判～驳回起诉。” 三、驳回诉讼请求的涵义及其适用 happiness XX made active contribution. The afternoon of April 21, the city's "two" educational Working Conference. Thoroughly study and apply the XI series of important speech, General Secretary of the Conference, especially on "two to learn a" learn the spirit of the important instructions of the education, in accordance with the deployment requirements of Central and provincial Committee, the city "two" education work arrangements. Mu Weimin, Secretary of municipal party Committee, attended the meeting and spoke. Following party of mass line education practice activities, and "three strict three real" topic education zhihou, in all members in the carried out "two learn a do" learning education, reflected has central linked, and step step in-depth advance full strictly rule party of political set force, is continued strengthening party of thought political construction of major deployment, is advance full strictly rule party to grass-roots extends of important initiatives, is promoted party education normal of, and institutionalized of important practice, is advance reform development stable the work of important guarantee. "Two" study and education, is to make each Member party rules India in the party Constitution, series XI, General Secretary of spirit and transformed into a powerful ideological weapon, and comprehensively improve the ideological and political quality, further enhance political par core awareness, situation awareness, awareness, awareness, and further enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the party organizations at all levels. Is to promote the inner-party education to all party 一,驳回诉讼请求～是指人民法院对已经立案受理的案件经审理后～发现原告请求法院保护的实体权利不符合法律规定的条件～因而对原告的请求不予保护的司法行为。所要解决的是实体意义上的诉权问题～它针对的是不符合法律规定的实体请求～用判决的方式作出。 二,司法实践中,驳回诉讼请求通常适用于以下几种情况: 1、当事人主张实体权利的法律事实在人民法院审理过程中经过质证或查证未被认定; 2、当事人的诉讼请求没有足够法律依据或违反法律; 3、当事人主张实体权利超过法定除斥期间; 4、当事人的诉讼请求已经超过法律规定的诉讼时效,同时又不存在诉讼时效中止、中断和延长的法定事由。 5、被告不适格。 对于上述第二、三、四种情况～判决驳回诉讼请求已形成共识,但对第一、五种情况的处理方式～则在司法实务中存有分歧。 在审理中认为原告的诉讼请求没有证据或证据不足以证明其事实主张时～有的法院是从程序上裁定驳回原告的起诉～有的则判决驳回原告的诉讼请求～有的则在判决驳回原告诉讼请求的同时告知原告如有新的证据可以另行起诉。我们赞同第二种做法～《最高人民法院关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》第2条规定:当事人对自己提出的诉讼请求所依据的事实或者反驳对方诉讼请求所依据的事实有责任提供证据加以证明。没有证据或者证据不足以证明当事人的事实主张的～由负有举证责任的当事人承担不利后果。第34条规定:当事人应当在举证期限内向人民法院提交证据材料～在举证期限内不提交的～视为放弃举证权利。《民事诉讼法》第111条第,五,项规定:对判决、裁定已经发生法律效力的案件～当事人又起诉的～告知原告按照申诉处理～但人民happiness XX made active contribution. The afternoon of April 21, the city's "two" educational Working Conference. Thoroughly study and apply the XI series of important speech, General Secretary of the Conference, especially on "two to learn a" learn the spirit of the important instructions of the education, in accordance with the deployment requirements of Central and provincial Committee, the city "two" education work arrangements. Mu Weimin, Secretary of municipal party Committee, attended the meeting and spoke. Following party of mass line education practice activities, and "three strict three real" topic education zhihou, in all members in the carried out "two learn a do" learning education, reflected has central linked, and step step in-depth advance full strictly rule party of political set force, is continued strengthening party of thought political construction of major deployment, is advance full strictly rule party to grass-roots extends of important initiatives, is promoted party education normal of, and institutionalized of important practice, is advance reform development stable the work of important guarantee. "Two" study and education, is to make each Member party rules India in the party Constitution, series XI, General Secretary of spirit and transformed into a powerful ideological weapon, and comprehensively improve the ideological and political quality, further enhance political par core awareness, situation awareness, awareness, awareness, and further enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the party organizations at all levels. Is to promote the inner-party education to all party 法院准许撤诉的裁定除外。第179条第一款第,一,项规定:当事人有新的证据足以推翻原判决、裁定申请再审的～人民法院应当再审。我们认为:原告的诉讼请求无证据支持或者证据不足以支持其事实主张的～应当从实体上判决驳回其诉讼请求～从程序上裁定驳回起诉则与《民事诉讼法》第108条的规定不符,判决驳回原告诉讼请求后～当事人对该判决不得以同一诉讼标的和理由再提出起诉～人民法院不应受理其再次起诉～如确有新的证据足以推翻原判决时～可以申请再审～人民法院应当再审。 被告不适格是指原告起诉的被告错误～如甲是债务人～而原告误将乙当作被告起诉。这种情况在司法实践中较为常见～出现这种情况～法院一般是动员原告更换被告或申请撤诉～而在原告坚决表示不同意更换被告或申请撤诉的情况下～有的法院即从程序上裁定驳回原告的起诉～有的则判决驳回原告的诉讼请求。我们认为～原告的起诉符合《民事诉讼法》第108条规定的起诉条件～不应驳回起诉。原告起诉的被告是否错误～涉及的是原被告之间是否存在实体上权利义务关系的问题～不属于程序性问题。但原告具有了诉权～并不等于具有胜诉权～如经审理查明原、被告之间无实体上的权利义务关系～则应从实体上判决驳回原告的诉讼请求。最高人民法院《人民司法》研究组在2000年第11期司法信箱答复云南省昆明市盘龙区人民法院汪云昆同志来信中～即持该观点。 三,判决驳回诉讼诉讼请求的案件～除最高人民法院《关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉若干问题的意见》第153条:“当事人超过诉讼期间起诉的～人民法院应予受理～受理后查明无中止、中断、延长事由的～判决驳回其诉讼请求”的规定明确以外～对于原告的诉讼请求没有事实或者法律依据的～如何引用法律条文驳回其诉讼请求是个难题～通常做法是:根据当事人的诉讼请求的内容～找出应当适用的happiness XX made active contribution. The afternoon of April 21, the city's "two" educational Working Conference. Thoroughly study and apply the XI series of important speech, General Secretary of the Conference, especially on "two to learn a" learn the spirit of the important instructions of the education, in accordance with the deployment requirements of Central and provincial Committee, the city "two" education work arrangements. Mu Weimin, Secretary of municipal party Committee, attended the meeting and spoke. Following party of mass line education practice activities, and "three strict three real" topic education zhihou, in all members in the carried out "two learn a do" learning education, reflected has central linked, and step step in-depth advance full strictly rule party of political set force, is continued strengthening party of thought political construction of major deployment, is advance full strictly rule party to grass-roots extends of important initiatives, is promoted party education normal of, and institutionalized of important practice, is advance reform development stable the work of important guarantee. "Two" study and education, is to make each Member party rules India in the party Constitution, series XI, General Secretary of spirit and transformed into a powerful ideological weapon, and comprehensively improve the ideological and political quality, further enhance political par core awareness, situation awareness, awareness, awareness, and further enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the party organizations at all levels. Is to promote the inner-party education to all party 相应法律条款～再以当事人的诉讼请求不符合该条规定为由～判决驳回其诉讼请求～该相应的条款就是依据～即从方向来适用法律。 四、驳回起诉与驳回诉讼请求的区别 1、否定的权利对象不同。驳回起诉是对程序意义的诉权作出的否定～驳回诉讼请求是对实体意义上的胜诉权所作出的否定, 2、适用阶段不同。驳回诉讼请求的案件须将庭审过程全部结束～而驳回起诉的案件～即使有些已进行了开庭审理～因其解决的就是程序问题～所以庭审过程不必完全走完, 3、法律依据不同。驳回起诉适用程序法～即适用《民事诉讼法》第108条的规定～驳回诉讼请求适用实体法～包括各种民事法律, 4、适用文 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 不同。驳回起诉适用裁定的形式～驳回诉讼请求适用判决的形式, 5、上诉期限不同。驳回起诉的上诉期限是裁定书送达之日起10日内～而驳回诉讼请求的上诉期限是判决书送达之日起15日内。 6、收费标准不同。驳回起诉的案件不收取案件受理费,驳回诉讼请求的案件～依照《诉讼费用交纳办法》的有关规定计算收取诉讼费用～并由败诉方负担～部分诉讼请求被驳回的～案件受理费的负担由人民法院据实际情况判决。 7、法律后果不同。在发生法律效力的前提下～对于驳回起诉案件～由于当事人被驳回的只是程序意义上的诉权～而不涉及实体上权利义务的法律评价～当事人在具备了相应的程序性要件后～仍可以以同一事实和理由重新起诉。而对于驳回诉讼请求的案件～由于当事人实体上的权利义务关系已经由法律予以评判～其实体意义上的胜诉权已然丧失～只有在发现新的证据并足以推翻原判决的情形下～当事人才可以申请再审。 happiness XX made active contribution. The afternoon of April 21, the city's "two" educational Working Conference. Thoroughly study and apply the XI series of important speech, General Secretary of the Conference, especially on "two to learn a" learn the spirit of the important instructions of the education, in accordance with the deployment requirements of Central and provincial Committee, the city "two" education work arrangements. Mu Weimin, Secretary of municipal party Committee, attended the meeting and spoke. Following party of mass line education practice activities, and "three strict three real" topic education zhihou, in all members in the carried out "two learn a do" learning education, reflected has central linked, and step step in-depth advance full strictly rule party of political set force, is continued strengthening party of thought political construction of major deployment, is advance full strictly rule party to grass-roots extends of important initiatives, is promoted party education normal of, and institutionalized of important practice, is advance reform development stable the work of important guarantee. "Two" study and education, is to make each Member party rules India in the party Constitution, series XI, General Secretary of spirit and transformed into a powerful ideological weapon, and comprehensively improve the ideological and political quality, further enhance political par core awareness, situation awareness, awareness, awareness, and further enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the party organizations at all levels. Is to promote the inner-party education to all party happiness XX made active contribution. The afternoon of April 21, the city's "two" educational Working Conference. Thoroughly study and apply the XI series of important speech, General Secretary of the Conference, especially on "two to learn a" learn the spirit of the important instructions of the education, in accordance with the deployment requirements of Central and provincial Committee, the city "two" education work arrangements. Mu Weimin, Secretary of municipal party Committee, attended the meeting and spoke. Following party of mass line education practice activities, and "three strict three real" topic education zhihou, in all members in the carried out "two learn a do" learning education, reflected has central linked, and step step in-depth advance full strictly rule party of political set force, is continued strengthening party of thought political construction of major deployment, is advance full strictly rule party to grass-roots extends of important initiatives, is promoted party education normal of, and institutionalized of important practice, is advance reform development stable the work of important guarantee. "Two" study and education, is to make each Member party rules India in the party Constitution, series XI, General Secretary of spirit and transformed into a powerful ideological weapon, and comprehensively improve the ideological and political quality, further enhance political par core awareness, situation awareness, awareness, awareness, and further enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the party organizations at all levels. Is to promote the inner-party education to all party