大学物理 唐海燕
时间 空间与运动学 1 下列哪一种说法是正确的( )
(A)运动物体加速度越大，速度越快
(B)作直线运动的物体，加速度越来越小，速度也越来越小 (C)切向加速度为正值时，质点运动加快
(D)法向加速度越大，质点运动的法向速度变化越快
22r,ati，btj2 一质点在平面上运动，已知质点的位置矢量的表示式为(其中a、b为常量)，则该质点作( )
(A)匀速直线运动 (B)变速直线运动
(C)抛物线运动 (D)一般曲线运动
,15m,s3 一个气球以速度由地面上升，经过30s后从气球上自行脱离一个重物，该物体从脱落到落回地面的所需时间为( )
30s(A)6s (B)
(C)5. 5s (D)8s
4 如图所示湖中有一小船，有人用绳绕过岸上一定高度处的定滑轮拉湖上的船向岸边运动，
v0设该人以匀速率收绳，绳长不变，湖水静止，则小船的运动是( ) (A)匀加速运动
(B)匀减速运动
(C)变加速运动
(D)变减速运动
5 已知质点的运动方程
,33r,(3m)i，(4m,s)tj，则质点在2s末时的速度
和加速度为( )
,1,1,2v,(3m,s)i，(48m,s)j , a,(48m,s)j(A)
,1,2v,(48m,s)j , a,(48m,s)j(B)
,1,1,2v,(3m,s)i，(32m,s)j , a,(32m,s)j(C)
,1,2v,(32m,s)j , a,(32m,s)j(D)
v,t6 一质点作竖直上抛运动，下列的图中哪一幅基本上反映了该质点的速度变化情况( )
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
x,00Oxt,07 有四个质点A、B、C、D沿轴作互不相关的直线运动，在时，各质点都在处，
v,tt,2s下列各图分别表示四个质点的图，试从图上判别，当时，离坐标原点最远处的质点( )
v0t,0Ox8 一质点在时刻从原点出发，以速度沿轴运动，其加速度与速度的关系为
2a,,kvk，为正常数，这质点的速度与所经历的路程的关系是( )
xv,v,(1)0,kx2v,vev200(A) (B)
2v,v1,x0(C) (D)条件不足，无地确定
9 气球正在上升，气球下系有一重物，当气球上升到离地面100m高处，系绳突然断裂，重物下落，这重物下落到地面的运动与另一个物体从100m高处自由落到地面的运动相比，下列哪一个结论是正确的( )
(A)下落的时间相同 (B)下落的路程相同
(C)下落的位移相同 (D)落地时的速度相同
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
,1,32v,4m,s，(1m,s)tOxt,3s10 质点以速度作直线运动，沿直线作轴，已知时质点位于
x,9m处，则该质点的运动方程为( )
,1x,(2m,s)t(A)
1,1,22x,(4m,s)t，(m,s)t2(B)
1,1,33x,(4m,s)t，(m,s)t,12m3(C)
1,1,33x,(4m,s)t，(m,s)t，12m3(D)
,2,3x,0a,2m,s,(3m,s)t0t,011 已知质点作直线运动，其加速度，当时，质点位于处，
,1v,5m,s0且，则质点的运动方程为( )
1,1,22,33x,(5m,s)t，(1m,s)t,(m,s)t2(A)
1,22,33x,(1m,s)t,(m,s)t2(B)
11,22,33x,(m,s)t,(m,s)t23(C)
,22,33x,(1m,s)t,(1m,s)t(D)
,1,2Oxyv,(2m,s)i,(8m,s)tjt,012 一个质点在平面内运动，其速度为，已知质点时，它
通过(3，7)位置处，那么该质点任意时刻的位矢是( )
,1,22r,(2m,s)ti,(4m,s)tj(A)
,1,22r,[(2m,s)t，3m]i,[(4m,s)t，7m]j(B)
-(8m)j(C)
(D)条件不足，不能确定
x,x(t) , y,y(t)13 质点作平面曲线运动，运动方程的标量函数为，位置矢量大小22 r ,x，y，则下面哪些结论是正确的,( )
dx
dt(A)质点的运动速度是
d r v ,dt(B)质点的运动速率是
dr v , dt(C)
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
dr v dt(D)可以大于或小于
CAB14 质点沿轨道作曲线运动，速率逐渐减小，在图中哪一个图正确表示了质点的加速度,( )
ovθ,45015 以初速度将一物体斜向上抛出，抛射角为，不计空气阻力，在
v(sincos),,,0t,g时刻该物体的( )
g(A)法向加速度为
2,g3(B)法向加速度为
3,g2(C)切向加速度为
2,g3(D)切向加速度为
,R16 一质点从静止出发绕半径为的圆周作匀变速圆周运动，角加速度为，当质点走完一圈回到出发点时，所经历的时间是( )
,412,R,2(A) (B)
,2
,(C) (D)不能确定
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
P 和 Pd 和 2d1217 一飞轮绕轴作变速转动，飞轮上有两点，它们到转轴的距离分别为，则
P 和 Pa/a)1212在任意时刻，两点的加速度大小之比为( )
1
2(A)
1
4(B)
(C)要由该时刻的角速度决定
(D)要由该时刻的角加速度决定
18 沿直线运动的物体，其速度与时间成反比，则其加速度与速度的关系是( ) (A)与速度成正比 (B)与速度平方成正比
(C)与速度成反比 (D)与速度平方成反比
19 抛物体运动中，下列各量中不随时间变化的是( )
vv(A) (B)
dvdtdvdt(C) (D)
,14km,h20 某人以速率向东前进时，感觉到风从正北方吹来，如果将速率增加一倍，则感
觉风从东北吹来，实际风速和风向为( )
,1,14km,h4km,h(A)从正北方吹来 (B)从西北方吹来
,1,142km,h42km,h(C)从东北方向吹来 (D)从西北方向吹来 C a c b d a a c c a b c c d b a b d d
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
牛顿运动定律 1 下列说法中哪一个是正确的,( )
(A)合力一定大于分力
(B)物体速率不变，所受合外力为零
(C)速率很大的物体，运动状态不易改变
(D)质量越大的物体，运动状态越不易改变
2 物体自高度相同的A点沿不同长度的光滑斜面自由下滑，如右图所示，斜面倾角多大时，物体滑到斜面底部的速率最大()
oo o(A)30 (B)45 (C)60
(D)各倾角斜面的速率相等。 3 如右图所示，一轻绳跨过一定滑轮，两端各系一重物，它们的质量
m和m, 且m,ma1212分别为，此时系统的加速度为，今用一竖直向下的
F,mgm,a11恒力代替，系统的加速度为，
若不计滑轮质量及摩擦力，则有( )
,,,a,aa,aa,a(A) (B) (C)(D)条件不足不能确定。
FF124 一原来静止的小球受到下图和的作用，设力的作用时间为5s，问下列哪种情况下，小球最终获得的速度最大
( )
F,6NF,012(A)，
F,0F,6N12(B)，
F,F,8N12(C)
F,6NF,8N12(D)，
5 三个质量相等的物体A、B、C紧靠一起置于光滑水平面上，如下图，若A、C分别受到水平力
FF12和的作用(F>F)，则A对B的作用力大小( ) 12
F,F12(A)
21F，F1233(B)
21F,F1233(C)
12F，F1233(D)
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
blm6 长为，质量为的一根柔软细绳挂在固定的水平钉子上，不计摩擦，当绳长一边为，另c一边为时，钉子所受压力是( )
mgb,c4mgbcmg(l,b)2mglll(A) (B) (C) (D)
,mF7 物体质量为，水平面的滑动摩擦因数为，今在力作用
下物体向右方运动，如下图所示，欲使物体具有最大的加速度值，
,F则力与水平方向的夹角应满足( )
cos,,1(A)
sin,,1(B)
tg,,,(C)
ctg,,,(D)
,,,mmmm08(质量分别为和滑块，叠放在光滑水平桌面上，如下图所示，和间静摩擦因数为，
,,mmF滑动摩擦因数为，系统原处于静止。若有水平力作用于上，欲使从中抽出来，则( )
,F,(,，,)(m，m)g0(A)
,F,(,m，,m)g0(B)
,F,[,m，,(m，m)]g0(C)
,(m，m)F,mg,,m(D)
m,ABA9 如下图所示，质量为的均匀细直杆，端靠在光滑的竖直墙壁上，杆身与竖直方向成A角，端对壁的压力大小为( )
1mgcos,4(A)
1mgtg,2(B)
mgsin,(C)
1mgsin,3(D)
,mm10 一质量为的猫，原来抓住用绳子吊着的一根垂直长杆，杆子的质量为，当悬线突然断
裂，小猫沿着杆子竖直向上爬，以保持它离地面的距离不变，如图所示，则此时杆子下降的加速
度为( )
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
(A)g
mg,m(B)
,m，mg,m(C)
,m,mg,m(D)
mmm,m121211 一弹簧秤，下挂一滑轮及物体和，且，如右图所示，若不计滑轮和绳子的质量，不计摩擦，则弹簧秤的读数( )
(m，m)g12(A)小于
(m，m)g12(B)大于
(m，m)g12(C)等于
(D)不能确定
12 几个不同倾角的光滑斜面有共同的底边，顶点也在同一竖直面上，如右图所示，若使一物体从斜面上端滑到下端的时间最短，则斜面的倾角应选( )
o(A)30
o(B)45
o(C)60
o(D)75
,m13 水平面转台可绕通过中心的竖直轴匀速转动。 角速度为，台上放一质量为的物体，
,m,它与平台间的摩擦因数为，如果距轴为R处不滑动，则满足的条件是( )
R1Rg,,g,,,2,,g2,gRR(A) (B) (C) (D)
kmAA14 水平放置的轻质弹簧，劲度系数为，其一端固定，另一端系一质量为的滑块，旁
BAB又有一质量相同的滑块，如下图所示，设两滑块与桌面间无摩擦，若加外力将、推进，
dBA弹簧压缩距离为，然后撤消外力，则离开时速度为( )
kddm2k(A)(B)
kkdd2m3m(C)(D)
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
15 用细绳系一小球，使之在竖直平面内作圆周运动，当小球运动到最高点时，它( ) (A)将受到重力，绳的拉力和向心力的作用
(B)将受到重力，绳的拉力和离心力的作用
(C)绳子的拉力可能为零
(D)小球可能处于受力平衡状态
m16 一轻绳经过两定滑轮，两端各挂一质量相同的小球，如果
左边小球在平衡位置来摆动，如下图所示，那么右边的小球，将
( )
(A)保持静止
(B)向上运动
(C)向下运动
(D)上下来回运动
,R17 水平的公路转弯处的轨道半径为，汽车轮胎与路面间的摩擦因数为，要使汽车不致于发生侧向打滑，汽车在该处的行驶速率( )
,gR,gR (B)不得大于 (A)不得小于
2,gR3,gR(C)必须等于 (D)必须大于
,ma18 质量为的物体放在升降机底板上，物体与底板的摩擦因数为，当升降机以加速度上升时，欲拉动m的水平力至少为多大( )
,m(g，a),m(g,a)mg,mg(A) (B)(C) (D)
19 可以认为，地球是一个匀角速转动的非惯性系，因此，通常所说的物体的重力实际上是地球引力和地球自转引起的惯性离心力的合力，由此可见，重力和地球的引力两者无论大小，方向都不相同，那么两者大小相差最多的，应该是()
(A)在赤道上 (B)在南北极
o o (C)在纬度45处 (D)在纬度60处
mmm12120 如下图所示，与与桌面之间都是光滑的，当在斜面
mm12上滑动时，对的作用力为( )
mgcos,1(A)大于
mgcos,1(B)等于
mgcos,1(C)小于
(D)无法确定
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
守恒定律
hm,t1 质量为的铁锤竖直从高度处自由下落，打在桩上而静止，设打击时间为，则铁锤所受的平均冲力大小为( )
m2ghm2ghm2gh,mg，mg,t,t,t(A)mg (B) (C) (D)
ov,,30m02 一个质量为的物体以初速为、抛射角为从地面斜上抛出。若不计空气阻力，当物体落地时，其动量增量的大小和方向为( )
(A)增量为零，动量保持不变
mv0(B)增量大小等于，方向竖直向上
mv0(C)增量大小等于，方向竖直向下
3mv0，方向竖直向下 (D)增量大小等于
mm3 停在空中的气球的质量为，另有一质量的人站在一竖直挂在气球的绳梯上，若不计绳梯的质量，人沿梯向上爬高1m，则气球将( )
(A)向上移动1m (B)向下移动1m
(C)向上移动0.5m (D)向下移动0.5m
m 和 mm,2mA,BABBA4 两木块质量分别为，且，
两者用一轻弹簧连接后静止于光滑水平面上，如图所示，
今用力将木块压紧弹簧，使其压缩，然后将系统由静止释
放，则此后两木块运动的瞬时动能(瞬时静止时刻除外)
E:EkAkB之比为( )
(A)1
(B)2
2(C)
2/2(D)
5 有两个同样的木块，从同高度自由下落，在下落中，其中一木块被水平飞来的子弹击中，并使子弹陷于其中，子弹的质量不能忽略，不计空气阻力，则( )
(A)两木块同时到达地面 (B)被击木块先到达地面
(C)被击木块后到达地面 (D)条件不足，无法确定
6 用锤压钉不易将钉压入木块内，用锤击钉则很容易将钉击入木块，这是因为( ) to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
(A)前者遇到的阻力大，后者遇到的阻力小
(B)前者动量守恒，后者动量不守恒
(C)后者动量变化大，给钉的作用力就大
(D)后者动量变化率大，给钉的作用冲力就大
m 和 m127 如图所示，木块质量，由轻质弹簧相连接，
并静止于光滑水平桌面上，现将两木块相向压紧弹簧，然
m1后由静止释放，若当弹簧伸长到原来长度时，的速率为
v1，则弹簧原来压缩状态时所具有的势能为( )
12mv112(A)
m,m1212mv()11m22(B)
m，m1212mv()11m22(C)
12(m，m)v1212 (D)
,1-3m,s8 质量为20×10kg的子弹以400的速率沿图示方向击入一原
-3来静止的质量为980×10kg的摆球中，摆线长为1. 0m，不可伸缩，则子弹击入后摆球的速度大小为( )
,1m,s(A)4
,1m,s(B)8
,1m,s(C)2
,1m,s(D)8π
mm9 一船浮于静水中，船长5m，质量为，一个质量亦为的人从船尾走到船头，不计水和
空气的阻力，则在此过程中船将( )
(A)静止不动 (B)后退5m
(C)后退2. 5m (D)后退3m
k 和 kA 和 BAB10 两轻质弹簧，它们的劲度系数分别为，今将两弹簧连接起
m来，并竖直悬挂，下端再挂一物体，如图所示，系统静止时，这两个弹簧势能之比值将为( )
2EkEkPAAPAA,,2EkEkPBBPBB(A) (B)
2EkEkPABPAB,,2EkEkPBAPBA(C) (D)
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
ml11 一个轻质弹簧竖直悬挂，原长为，今将质量为的物体挂在弹簧下端，同时用手托住重物缓慢放下，到达弹簧的平衡位置静止不动，在此过程中，系统的重力势能减少而弹性势能增加，则有( )
(A)减少的重力势能大于增加的弹性势能
(B)减少的重力势能等于增加的弹性势能
(C)减少的重力势能小于增加的弹性热能
(D)条件不足，无法确定
12 功的概念有以下几种说法
(1)保守力作功时，系统内相应的势能增加
(2)质点运动经一闭合路径，保守力对质点作的功为零
(3)作用力和反作用力大小相等，方向相反，所以两者作功的代数和必为零
以上论述中，哪些是正确的( )
(A)(1)(2) (B)(2)(3)
(C)只有(2) (D)只有(3)
m13 质量为的宇宙飞船返回地球时，将发动机关闭，可以认为它仅在地球引力场中运动，
RR12当它从与地球中心距离为下降到距离地球中心时，它的动能的增量为( )
R,Rm,m12EGmmGERRR212(A) (B)
R,RR,R1212GmmGmmEE222RR,R112(C) (D)
mEG(式中为引力常量，为地球质量)
,r,(4m)i,(5m)j，(6m)k14 一个质点在几个力同时作用下位移，其中一个力为恒力F,,(3N)i,(5N)j，(9N)k，则这个力在该位移过程中所作的功为( )
(A)67J (B)91J
(C)17J (D)-67J
,1F,(6N,S)t15 设作用在质量为2kg的物体上的力，如果物体由静止出发沿直线运动，在头2s的时间内，这个力作功为( )
(A)9J (B)18J
(C)36J (D)72J
m16 如图所示，一质量为的小球，沿光滑环形轨道由静
H止开始下滑，若足够高，则小球在最低点时，环对其作用
力与小球在最高点时环对其作用力之差，恰好是小球重量的
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
( )
(A)2倍
(B)4倍
(C)6倍
(D)8倍
,1-3m,s17 一质量为20×10kg的子弹以200的速率打入一固定墙壁内，设子弹所受阻力与
x其进入墙内的深度的关系如图所示，则该子弹进入墙壁的深度为( )
-2(A)3×10m
-2(B)2×10m
-222(C)×10m
-2(D)12. 5×10m
18 用铁锤将一铁钉击入木板，设铁钉受到的阻力与其进入木板内的深度成正比，若铁锤两
-2次击钉的速度相同，第一次将铁钉击入板内1.0×10m，则第二次能将钉继续击入木板的深度为
( )
-2-2(A)1.0×10m (B)0.5×10m
-2-222(C)×10m (D)(-1)×10m
19 一个沿轴正方向运动的质点，速率为
,1m,sx,0x,10m5，在到间受到一个如图所示的y方向的力的作用，设物体的质量为1. 0kg，则它到x,10m达处的速率为( )
,155m,s(A)
,1517m,s(B)
,1m,s52(C)
,157m,s(D)
l,20 在倾角为的光滑斜面上，一长为的轻细绳一端固
O定于斜面上的点，另一端系一小球，如图所示，当小球在最低点处时给它一个水平初速度使之恰好能在斜面内完成圆
v0周运动，则的大小为( )
,110m,s(A)
5glsin,(B)
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
3glsin,(C)
2glsin,(D)
Ccdbc dcacc acbac cadbb
刚体定轴转动
,33,,5rad，(2rad,s)tmt,1.0s1 定轴转动刚体的运动学方程为，则当时，刚体上距轴0.1处一点的加速度大小为( )
,2,2,2,1m,sm,sm,sm,s(A)3.6 (B)3.8 (C)1.2 (D)2.4 2 如下图P、Q、R、S是附于刚性轻细杆上的4个
,OOmmmm质点，质量分别为4，3，2和，系统对
轴的转动惯量为( )
22mlml (B)14 (A)50
22mlml(C)10 (D)9
,1,,60r,min,z3 一刚体以绕轴匀速转动(沿
r,(3m)i，(4m)j，(5m)kPP着转轴正方向)如果某时刻，刚体上一点的位置矢量，则该时刻的速度为( )
,1,1,1v,(94.1m,s)i，(125.6m,s)j,(7.0m,s)k(A)
,1,1v,(,25.1m,s)i，(18.8m,s)j(B)
,1,1v,(,2.5m,s)i, (18.8m,s)j(C)
,1v,(31.4m,s)k(D)
,和,,,ABAB4 两个匀质圆盘A和B的密度分别为，且>，但两圆盘质量和厚度相同。如两盘
J和JAB对通过盘心垂直于盘面的轴的转动惯量分别为，则( )
JJJJJ,JABBAAB(A)> (B)> (C) (D)不能确定 to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
5 关于力矩有以下几种说法
(1)内力矩不会改变刚体对某个定轴的角动量
(2)作用力和反作用力对同一轴的力矩之和为零
(3)大小相同方向相反两个力对同一轴的力矩之和一定为零
(4)质量相等，形状和大小不同的刚体，在相同力矩作用下，它们的角加速度一定相等。 在上述说法中( )
(A)只有(2)是正确的 (B)(1)(2)(3)是正确的
(C)(1)(2)是正确的 (D)(3)(4)是正确的
6 下列说法中哪个或哪些是正确的( )
(1)作用在定轴转动刚体上的力越大，刚体转动的角加速度应越大。 (2)作用在定轴转动刚体上的合力矩越大，刚体转动的角速度越大 (3)作用在定轴转动刚体上的合力矩为零，刚体转动的角速度为零 (4)作用在定轴转动刚体上合力矩越大，刚体转动的角加速度越大 (5) 作用在定轴转动刚体上的合力矩为零，刚体转动的角加速度为零。 (A)(1)和(2)是正确的 (B)(2)和(3)是正确的
(C)(3)和(4)是正确的 (D)(4)和(5)是正确的
m2ml7 质量分别为和的两个质点，用长为的轻质细杆相连，系统绕过质心且与杆垂直的轴转
mv动，其中质量为的质点的线速度为，则系统对质心的角动量为( )
2mvlmvl2mvl/33mvl(A) (B) (C) (D) to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
ll
mm12l228 细棒总长为，其中长的质量为均匀分布，另外长的质量为均匀分布，如 下图所
O示，则此细棒绕通过且垂直棒的轴转动的转动
惯量为( )
12(m，m)l123(A)
1122ml，ml121212(B)
1122ml，ml12123(C)
1722ml，ml111212(D)
9 一质点作匀速率圆周运动时( )
(A)它的动量不变，对圆心的角动量也不变
(B)它的动量不变，对圆心的角动量不断改变
(C)它的动量不断改变，对圆心的角动量不变
(D)它的动量不断改变，对圆心的角动量也不断改变
10 人造地球卫星绕地球作椭圆轨道运动，地球在椭圆轨道上的一个焦点上，则卫星( ) (A)动量守恒，动能守恒
(B)动量守恒，动能不守恒
(C)对地球中心的角动量守恒，动能不守恒
(D)对地球中心的角动量不守恒，动能守恒
JR11 有一半径为的匀质水平圆转台，绕通过其中心且垂直圆台的轴转动，转动惯量为，开始
,m0时有一质量为的人站在转台中心，转台以匀角速度转动，随后人沿着半径向外跑去，当人到达转台边缘时，转台的角速度为( )
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
JJ,,0202(J，m)RJ，mR(A) (B)
J,02,mR0(C) (D)
12 体重相同的甲乙两人，分别用双手握住跨过无摩擦滑轮的绳的两端，当他们由同一高度向上
爬时，相对绳子，甲的速率是乙的两倍，则到达顶点的情况是( ) (A)甲先到达 (B)乙先到达
(C)同时到达 (D)不能确定谁先到达
O13 如右图所示，一均匀细杆可绕通过上端与杆垂直的水平光滑轴旋转，初始状态为静止悬挂，现有一个小球向左方水平打击细杆，设小球与轴杆之间为非弹性碰撞，则在碰撞过程中对细杆与小球这一系统( ) (A)机械能守恒
(B)动量守恒
O(C)对转轴的角动量守恒
(D)机械能，动量和角动量都不守恒
14 如右图所示,一光滑细杆可绕其上端作任意角度的锥面运动，有一
,2,小珠套在杆的上端近轴处。开始时杆沿顶角为的锥面作角速度为的锥面运动，小珠也同时沿杆下滑，在小球下滑过程中，由小球，杆和地球组成的系统( )
(A)机械能守恒，角动量守恒
(B)机械能的守恒，角动量不守恒
(C)机械能不守恒，角动量守恒
(D)机械能、角动量都不守恒
112E,J,02315 花样滑冰者，开始自转时，其动能为，然后将手臂收回，转动惯量减少到原来的，
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
,E此时的角速度变为，动能变为，则有关系( )
1,,,,E,3E00,,3,,E,E,003(A) (B)
,,3, , E,3E,,3,,E,E,0000(C) (D)
,160r,min16 一均匀圆盘状飞轮质量为20kg，半径为30cm，当它以的速率旋转时，其动能为( )
22,J,J(A)16.2 (B)8.1
2,J(C)8.1J (D)1.8
ml17 长为质量为的均匀细棒，绕一端点在水平面内作匀速率转动，已知棒中心点的线速率为v，则细棒的转动动能为( )
21112222mvmvmvmv36242(A) (B) (C) (D)
1lOl418 如下图, 均匀细杆可绕距其一端(为杆长)的水平轴在竖直平面内转动，杆的质量为m,、当杆自由悬挂时，给它一个起始角速度，如杆恰能持续转动而不摆动(不计一切摩擦)，则( )
g12g,,,,,,g/lll,,43r/7l(A) (B) (C) (D)
,OOmR19 一半径为，质量为的圆形平面板在粗糙的水平桌面上绕垂直于平板
,,OO轴转动。若摩擦因数为，摩擦力对轴的力矩为( )
21mgR,,mgR,mgR32(A) (B) (C) (D)0
20 线度相同的滑块和匀质圆柱体，从同一固定斜面顶端由静止出发分别沿斜面向下滑动和纯滚动、不计空气阻力，若它们质量相同，则到达斜面底部时的动能( )
(A)滑块较大 (B)圆柱体的较大
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
(C)一样大 (D)条件不足无法确定
Babbc dadcc accad dcaab
静电场
,,66q,2.0，10Cq,4.0，10Cd,10cm121 点电荷，两者相距，试验电荷
,6qqq,1.0，10Cq1200，则处于连线的正中位置处受到的电场力为( )
,4,47.2，10N1.79，10N7.2N1.79N(A) (B) (C) (D)
qqq0012 上
题
快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题
中，处于受到的电场力为零的位置时距的距离为 ( ) 3.33cm4.14cm6.67cm0.24cm(A) (B) (C) (D)
Q3 两点电荷带电总和为，当它们各带电荷( )时相互作用力最大 2Q,Q5QQQ3QQQ,,,,,QQ444422(A) (B) (C) (D)
qR4 一半径的均匀带电圆环，电荷总量为,环心处的电场强度为( )
2qqq224π,R4π,R4π,R000(A) (B)0 (C) (D)
d,PP5 两根平行的无限长带电直线，相距为，电荷密度为，在与它们垂直的平面内有一点，
P与两直线的垂足成等边三角形，则点的电场强度大小为( )
2,,,,3
2π,d2π,dπ,d2π,d0000(A) (B) (C) (D)
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
d,P6 两根平行的无限长带电直线，相距为，电荷线密度为，在它们所在平面的正中间有一点，
P则点的电场强度为( )
,,,2
π,dπ,d2π,d000(A) (B)0 (C) (D)
,2,7 真空中两块相互平行的无限大均匀带电平板，其中一块电荷密度为，另一块电荷密度为，两平板间的电场强度大小为 ( )
,,,3
2,,2,000(A) (B) (C)0 (D)
,R8 一均匀带电球面，电荷面密度为，半径为，球心处的场强为( )
2,,,
224π,R,4π,R000 (B) (C)0 (D) (A)
,R9 均匀带电球面，电荷面密度为，半径为，球面内任一点的电势为( ) (A)不能确定 (B)与球心处相同 (C)与球心处不同 (D)为零
QR(,R)R122R10 一均匀带电的球形薄膜，带电为，当它的半径从扩大到时，距球心R,R,R12()处的电场强度将由( )
QQQ2224π,R4π,R4π,R00102(A)变为零 (B)变为
QQ224π,R4π,R0102(C)变为零 (D)零变为
R11 题10中，距球心处的电势将由( )
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
QQQ
4π,R4π,R4π,R01002(A)变为 (B)变为零
QQQ
4π,R4π,R4π,R0002(C)变为 (D)保持不变
R12 题10中，以半径为的球面的电场强度通量由( )
QQQ
,,,000(A)变为零 (B)零变为 (C)保持不变 (D)不能确定
QRR13 一半径为的均匀带电半圆环，带电为半径为，环心处的电场强度大小为 ( ) QQQ22228π,R4π,R2π,R000(A) (B) (C)0 (D)
Qlr14 长的均匀带电细棒，带电为，在棒的延长线上距棒中心处的电场强度的量值为( )
QQQ22223π,r9π,rπ,(4r,l)000,(A) (B) (C) (D)
r15 题14中，在棒的垂直平分线上，离棒中心处的电场强度为( )
Q1QQ,2222,2πr4π,r2π,r04r，l00(A) (B) (C)0 (D)
RR,x1216 一均匀带电的平面圆环，内半径为，外半径为，电荷面密度为，其轴线上离环心为
处的一点的电势为( )
22,,(RR),,2221R,R214,x2,x00(A) (B)
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
,,2222(R，x,R，x)(R，x,R，x)2121,,2200(C) (D)
x17 题(16)中轴线上离环心处的一点的电场强度为( )
22,,(RR),,2221R,R21222,x4,x00(A) (B)
,11,x2222,,(),[R，x,R，x]21,2R，xR，x0,2210(C) (D)
,18 如下图所示，由两半径分别为R，R的扇形面积之差构成的均匀带电体，若电荷密度为，12
,扇形的张角为2，则圆心处的电场强度和电势分别为
,,,,,,,,R(cos,1)112,,,,, ln,,,,,4π,RR4π,R01201,,,,(A)
,R(R,R),,(cos,1)221ln, ,4πR4π,,010(B)
,,,,,,,,Rsin112,,,,,, ln,,,,,,2πRR2πR01201,,,,(C)
,sinR(R,R),,,221ln, ,2πR2π,,010(D)
，,,,,0019 两无限大带电平面平行放置，设它们的电荷均匀分布，电荷密度分别为。则两者单位面积上的作用力为( )
2222,,,,0000
2,,2,,0000(A)，斥力 (B)，斥力 (C)，引力 (D)，引力
q,R20 电荷均匀分布在半球面上，球面半径为，电荷密度为，将点电荷由球心移至无限远处，电场力做功为( )
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
,,qRqR,2,2,00(A) (B)
,,RR,4π,4π,00(C) (D)
Abdbd bdcba caaca ccdcb
稳恒磁场
IdlO1 一个电流元放在磁场中点，当它沿x轴正向
yz时，受力为零，当它沿轴负向时，受力沿轴负方向，
试问 右面各图哪一个正确表示了该点磁感强度的方
向,( )
F2 两长直导线载有同样的电流且平行放置，单位长度间的相互作用力为，若将它们的电流均
,F/F,F加倍，相互距离减半，单位长度间的相互作用力变为，则大小之比为 ( )
(A)1 (B)2 (C)4 (D)8
,3 空间内分布着相互垂直的均匀磁场和均匀电场如下图所示，今有一粒子能够沿竖直方向穿过该空间，则 ( )
,(A)必带正电
,(B)必带负电
,(C)必不带电
,(D)不能判断是否带电
OlB4 一根导线弯成如右图所示的形状，当通以电流时，点处的磁感强度为 ( ) to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
I,0
2πR(A)，方向垂直于屏幕向外
I,0
4R(B)，方向垂直于屏幕向外
II,,00，2πR4R(C)，方向垂直于屏幕向外
II,,00,2πR4R(D)，方向垂直于屏幕向外
5 对于安培环路定理的正确理解是 ( )
B,dl,0,l lB(A)若，则必定上处处为零
B,dl,0,l l(B)若，则必定不包围电流
B,dl,0,l l(C)若，则必定包围的电流的代数和为零
B,dl,0,ll lB(D)若，则必定上各点的仅与内的电流有关
aNIB6 有一由匝细导线绕成的平面正三角形线圈，边长为，通有电流，置于均匀磁场中，
Mm当线圈平面的法向与外磁场同向时，该线圈所受的磁力矩值为 ( )
223NaIB/23NaIB/4(A) (B)
23NaIBsin60:(C) (D)0
7 一金属导体薄片置于如下图所示的磁场中，薄片中电流的方向向右，试判断上下两侧的霍耳电势差 ( )
V,Vab(A)
V,Vab(B)
V,Vab(C)
(D)无法确定
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
8 均匀磁场中放置三个面积相等并且通有相同电流的线圈，一个是圆形，一个是正方形，一个是三角形，下列哪个叙述是错误的, ( )
(A)每个线圈所受的最大磁力矩都相同
(B)每个线圈在均匀磁场中只转动而不移动
(C)三个线圈处于图示的位置时所受磁力矩最大
(D)三个线圈处于图示的位置时所受磁力矩均为零
j9 垂直于屏幕放置的平面电流如下图所示，其单位长度的电流为，平面电流的两侧的磁场
是均匀的，则平面上侧磁场的磁感强度为 ( )
1,j0x4(A)，沿轴负方向
1,j0x2(B)，沿轴负方向
1,j0x2(C)，沿轴正方向
1,j0x4(D)，沿轴正方向
10 在无限长直导线右侧，有两个与长直导线共面的面积分别为SS12ABCDAEBCFE和的矩形回路和，且矩形回路的一边与长直导线平行，两回路的大小之比如右图所示，则通过两个矩形回路的磁通量之比是 ( )
(A)1:2 (B)1:1
(C)2:1 (D)2:3
11 如下图，在空间有三根同样的导线，它们间的距离相等，通过它们的电流大小相等、流向相
同，设除了相互作用的磁力以外，其他的影响可以忽略，则 ( ) to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
(A)三根导线都不动
(B)三根导线相互靠近
(C)三根导线相互远离
(D)无法判断三根导线如何运动
,2,12 在均匀磁场中有一电子枪，它可发射出速率分别为和的两个电子，这两个电子的速度
B方向相同，且均与垂直，则这两个电子绕行一周所需的时间之比为( )
(A)1:1 (B)1:2 (C)2:1 (D)4:1
x,0,y,013 如右图所示为一均匀磁场，其分布范围为到x,,,y,,,qmv的空间，一个电量为负，质量为的粒子以速度从x,0,y,0x，沿正向处进入磁场，带电粒子受磁场偏转后，逸出磁场处的坐标为 ( )
2mvmvx,0, y,x,0, y,qBqB(A) (B)
mv2mvx,0, y,,x,0, y,,qBqB(C) (D)
lR14 一根无限长的半径为的铜导线，载有电流，在导线内部通过其轴线作一平面S，如下图
所示，则通过该面每单位长度面积的磁通量为( )
II,,,,II000024πR4π2πR2πR(A) (B) (C) (D) 15 如右图所示，在同一平面内有三根长直载流导线，等间距
I,1A, I,2A, I,4A123放置，分别通有电流，单位长度所
FFFFF12323受到的力分别为、和，则/为 ( )
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
(A)4/9
(B)8/15
(C)8/9
(D)1
xOylRI22116 如下图所示，在平面内有电流为、半径为的圆形线圈，在平面内有电流为、
R,,R21O半径为R的圆形线圈，它们的公共中心为，且，则线圈受到的磁力矩的大小和方向1
为 ( )
2,πIIR0122
2Ry1(A)，沿负轴
2,πIIR0121
2Ry2(B)，沿负轴
2πIIR,0122
2Ry1，沿正轴 (C)
2πIIR,0121
2Ry2(D)，沿正轴
ll1217 如右图所示，长直电流和圆形电流共面，并经过直径，两者绝
缘且长直电流被固定，圆形电流受安培力作用，将 ( )
l1(A)绕旋转 (B)向右运动
(C)向左运动 (D)不动
B018 将一电流均匀分布的无限大载流平面放入磁感强度为的均匀磁场中，电流方向与磁场垂
BBB120直，放入后，平面两侧磁场的磁感强度分别为和，如下图所示，则的大小和方向为 ( )
1(B，B)122(A)，方向竖直向下
1(B，B)122(B)，方向竖直向上
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
1(B,B)212(C)，方向竖直向下
1(B,B)212(D)，方向竖直向上
q,l19 长度为，均匀带电荷的细棒，以角速度绕棒的一端且与棒垂直的轴匀速转动，则此棒的磁矩为 ( )
13,ql6(A)0 (B)
1122,qlq,l62(C) (D)
nR20 如右图所示，将导线弯成的边正多边形，其外接圆半径为，
lOB假设导线内的电流强度为，则中心处的磁感强度为 ( )
nI,π0tg()Rn2π(A) (B)0
nInI,,ππ00tg()tg()RnRn4ππ(C) (D)
Dddcc dbdcc badbb bdbca
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
电磁感应
1一圆形线圈，它的一半置于稳定均匀磁场中，另一半位于磁场外，如图所
B示，磁感强度的方向与纸面垂直向里。欲使线圈中感应电流为顺时针方向则 ( A )
yx(A)线圈应沿轴正向平动;(B)线圈应沿轴正向平动;
yx(C)线圈应沿轴负向平动;(D)线圈应沿轴负向平动。
2 在长直导线附近有一矩形金属薄片，薄片重量极小且与长直导线共面。如图所示，当长直导线突然通过大电流I时，由于电磁感应薄片中将产生涡电流。若无阻力，则有 ( A )
(A)薄片将向右运动;(B)薄片将向左运动;
(C)薄片将发生转动;(D)薄片将静止不动。
AB,CDB,2T4 如图所示，为两均匀金属棒，长均为0. 2m，放在磁感强度的均
CD,ABAB和CD匀磁场中，磁场的方向垂直于纸面向里，可以在导轨上自由滑动，当在
,1,1v,4m,s,v,2m,sCDAB导轨上分别以速率向右作匀速运动时，在尚未追上的时12
间段内ABDCA闭合回路上动生电动势的大小和方向分别为 ( C )
E,0.8VE,2.4V(A)逆时针方向; (B)逆时针方向; ii
E,0.8VE,2.4V(C)顺时针方向;(D)顺时针方向。 ii
abcBB5 如下图，直角三角形金属框架放在均匀磁场中，磁场平行于
,abcbcablab边，的长度为，当金属框架绕边以匀角速度转动时，回路
a,cV,V的感应电动势和两点的电势差分别为 ( B ) ac
11220, VVBl0, VVBlE,,,,E,,,,,(A) (B) acac22
112222Bl, VVBlBl, VVBlE,,,,,E,,,,,,(C) ( D) 。 acac22
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
dBA,C6 圆柱形空间存在着轴向均匀磁场，如右图,以 速率变化，在磁场中有两点，其Bdt
间可放直导线，和弯曲导线则( D ) ACAC
(A)感生电动势只在导线中产生; AC
,(B)感生电动势只在 导线中产生; AC
,(C)感生电动势在导线和 导线中产生，且两者大小相等; ACAC
,(D)导线的感生电动势大小小于 导线的感生电动势大小。 ACAC
labadcb7 如下图所示，长为的金属细棒以匀速率在金属导轨上平行滑
B动，若导轨置于均匀磁场中，以垂直纸面向里为磁场正方向，磁感
B,Bsin,tt,0abcd强度在正方向投影，当时，棒位于导轨处，那0
么导线回路中的感应电动势为 ( D )
规定以顺时针方向为绕行的正方向
Blvsin,tBlvcos,t(A) (B) 00
Blv(sin,t，,tcos,t),Blv(sin,t，,tcos,t)(C) (D) 。 00
ab8 两个长度相等的长直螺线管和，绕在同一铁芯上，两螺线
aL,0.4H,L,0.1Hb管的自感系数分别为，则螺线管的匝数是螺线管的匝数的 ( B ) ab
(A)0. 5倍;(B)2倍;(C)4倍;(D)0. 25 倍。
,9 两无限长的同轴薄圆筒导体组成同轴电缆，其间充满磁导率为 的均匀磁介质，两薄圆
R,RlI筒的电流为等量，反向，若同轴电缆的长为，内外半径分别为，该段电缆内储存的磁12能为 ( B )
22222RRRIlIlIlIlIl,,,11,,222,lnln()，ln(A) ;(B) ;(C) ;(D) 。 222RR4πRR4πR16π8π8π11112
r 10 平行板电容器由两个半径为圆形导体极板构成，在充电时极板间电场强度变化率为
dE，若略去边缘效应则两极板间的位移电流为 ( D ) dt
2rdEdEdEdE2,,,πr2πr(A) (B) (C) ;(D) 。 0004,dtdtdtdt0
I 11 两根无限长的平行直导线有相等的电流，但电流的流向相反如图而电流的
dI变化率均大于零，有一矩形线圈与两导线共面则 ( B ) dt
(A)线圈中无感应电流;(B)线圈中感应电流为逆时针方向; (C)线圈中感应电流为顺时针方向;(D)线圈中感应电流不确定。
MN2a12 一根长为的细金属杆与无限长载流长直导线共面，导线中通过
aMNMNIM的电流为，金属杆端距导线为，且垂直于导线，若在平面内以to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
v速度平行于导线运动，杆内产生的电动势为 ( C )
,Iv,Iv00MN(A)，方向由到M;(B)，方向由E,ln2E,ln2ii2π2π
N到;
,Iv,Iv00NN(C)MM ，方向由到;(D) ，方向由到; E,ln3E,ln3ii2π2π
(a),(b),(c)ab 14 如下图，在无限长直载流导线下方有导体细棒。棒与直导线垂直共面。 处
v(a),(b),(c),(d)abab有三个光滑细金属框架。今以速率向右平动，设在 四种情况下在细棒中
EEEE的感应电动势分别为，，，则有( C ) abcd
E,E,E,E(A) abdc
E,E,E,E(B) adbc
E,E,E,E(C) abdc
E,E,E,E(D) abcd
B15 均匀磁场中有一矩形导体框架，
π,,，框架磁场与框架平面的法向的夹角3
vabL的段长为，可沿框架以匀速向右运
xB,ktt,0kx,0abcd动。如下图所示，已知，为正值，当时，当运动到与相距为时，框
架回路的感应电动势大小是 ( A )
E,klxE,klx/2(A) 是总电动势;(B)只有动生电动势;
E,klx/2E,klx/2(C)只有感生电动势;(D)是总电动势。
dBlB16 在圆柱形空间存在着轴向均匀磁场，以速率变化，有一长为的金属棒，先后放dt
,,(ab)(ab)在磁场的不同位置1和位置2如下图所示，则金属棒在这两个位置时，
棒内的感应电动势大小的关系为 ( B )
E,E,0E,E(A);(B); 2121
E,E,0E,E(C);(D)。 2121
,17 两无限长同轴薄圆筒导体组成的同轴电缆，其间充满磁导率为 的均匀
RR(R,R)介质。圆筒的内、外半径分别为 该电缆单位长度的自感系数( C ) 1212
(A)因为单位长度电缆不构成闭合回路自感系数无法确定; (B)电缆不是线圈，自感系数为零;
R,2L,ln(C)自感系数; 2πR1
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
R,2L,ln(D)自感系数。 4πR1
A,BI,I 18 两个圆线圈 相互垂直放置，如右图所示，通过两线圈的电流分别为 ，当它12
们都发生变化时，那么( D )
(ABA)线圈中产生自感电动势，线圈中产生互感电动势;
BA(B)线圈中产生自感电动势，线圈中产生互感电动势;
(C)两线圈中同时产生自感电动势和互感电动势;
(D)两线圈中只有自感电流，不产生互感电流。
a 19 两根很长的平行导线，其间距为 ，与电源组合成闭合回路，如右图所示，已知导
II线上的电流强度为，在保持不变的情况下，将导线间距增大，则空间的(B ) (A)总磁能将增大;(B)总磁能将减小;
(C)总磁能保持不变;(D)总磁能变化不能确定。
20 位移电流有下述四种说法，请指出哪种说法是正确的 ( A) (A)位移电流是由变化电场产生的;
(B)位移电流是由变化磁场产生的;
(C)位移电流的热效应服从焦耳一愣次定律;
(D)位移电流的磁效应不服从安培环路定律。
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
简谐运动
t,01 简谐运动中，的时刻是 ( B)
(A)质点开始运动的时刻 (B)开始观察计时的时刻
(C)离开平衡位置的时刻 (D)速度等于零的时刻
2 简谐运动的x,t曲线如图所示，则简谐运动周期为(B )
(A)2.62s(B)2.40s(C)0.42s(D)0.382s
vt 3 有一个用余弦函数表示的简谐运动，若其速度与时间的关系曲线如图所示，则该简谐运动的初相位为 (A )
π/6π/3π/22,/3(A)(B)(C)(D)
4 作简谐运动的某物体的位移—时间图线如图所示，下面哪个图线是简谐运动的加速度图线( B)
5 一弹簧振子系统竖直挂在电梯内,当电梯静止时,振子的频率
a为,现使电梯以加速度向上作匀加速运动,则弹簧振子的频率将 ( A )
(A)不变 (B)变大 (C)变小 (D)变大变小都有可能
6 将一个弹簧振子分别拉离平衡位置1cm和2cm后，由静止释放(弹性形变在弹性限度内)，则它们作简谐运动时的 ( A)
(A)周期相同 (B)振幅相同
(C)最大速度相同 (D)最大加速度相同
,7 一弹簧振子的固有频率为，若将弹簧剪去一半，振子质量也减半，组成新的弹簧振子，则新的弹簧振子的固有频率等于 (D )
,2,(A) (B) (C) (D) 2,/22,
8 两个完全相同的弹簧下挂着两个质量不同的振子，若它们以相同的振幅作简 谐运动，则它们的 (C )
(A)周期相同 (B)频率相同 (C)振动总能量相同 (D)初相位必相同
9 如图所示，一下端被夹住的长带形钢弹簧的顶端固定着一个2千克的小球。把球移到一边的0.1米处需要4牛顿的力。当球被拉开一点然后释放时，小球就作简谐运动，其周期是多少秒 (C )
(A)0.3(B)0.7(C)1.4(D)2.2
x10 有两个沿轴作简谐运动的质点，其频率、振幅相同，当第一个质点
AAx,,自平衡位置向负方向运动时，第二个质点在处(为振幅)也向负2
,,,方向运动，则两者的相位差为 (C ) 21
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
ππ2π5π(A) (B) (C) (D) 2636
o,(,5) 11 将单摆从平衡位置拉开，使摆线与竖直方向成度角，然后放手，让其作简谐
xx,Acos(,t，,)运动，并开始计时，选拉开方向为的方向，且以来表示它的振动方程，则 (C )
π,,,,,,,,0(A) (B) (C) (D) ,,2
12 以单摆计时的时钟在地球上走时是准确的，即它在地球上走24小时，时间确实过了一天。若将它搬到月球上计时，则它走24小时，月球上时间实际已过了(月球的重力加速度是地球的1/5.6) (B )
11 (A)天 (B)天 (C)5.6天 (D)天5.6 5.65.6
13 一质量为m、半径为R的均匀圆环被挂在光滑的钉子O上,如图所示,是圆环在自身所在的竖直平面内作微小摆动,其频率为 (D )
2g1ggg111(A) (B) (C) (D) 2π3R2πR2π4R2π2R
ab,14 如图所示，把单摆从平衡位置拉开一小角度至点，然后由静止放手任其摆动，从放手时开始计时，摆动函数用余弦函数来表示，不计空气阻力，下列说法正确的是( C)
abπ/2,(A)在处，动能量小，相位为(B)在处，动能量大，相位为
ca,b,c,,(C)在处，动能为零，相位为(D)三位置能量相等，初相位不同
l 15 一长为的均匀细棒悬挂于通过某一端的光滑水平轴上，如图所示，作为一复摆，此摆作微小振动的周期为( B)
l2lll,,2π2π22(A) (B)(C) (D) g2g3g3g
16 如图所示，质量为M的物体固定在弹簧的下端，物体在平衡位置附近作简谐运动，
x下列哪条曲线准确描述了总势能随的变化( A)
,117 劲度系数为100N?m的轻弹簧和质量为10g的小球组成弹簧振子，第一次将小球拉离to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
,1平衡位置4cm，由静止释放任其振动;第二次将球拉离平衡位置2cm并给以2m?s的初速度任其振动。两次振动的能量之比为( C)
(A)1:1 (B)4:1 (C)2:1 (D) 22:3
mv18 一弹簧振子原处于水平静止状态，如图所示。一质量为的子弹以水平速度射入振子中并随之一起运动，此后弹簧的最大势能为( B)
22mv1m12 (A)(M，m)(v) (B) (C) (D)条件不足不能判断 mv 2(M，m)22M
,1,1x,3cmcos[(50πst)，0.25π]x,4cmcos[(50πst)，0.75π]19两分振动的方程分别为和 ,12
则它们的 合振动的表达式为(C )
,1,1x,(2cm)cos[(50πst)，0.25π]x,(5cm)cos(50πst)(A)(B)
1,1,1x,(5cm)cos[(50πst)，0.5π，tg]x,7cm(C)(D) 7
20 关于阻尼振动和受迫振动，下列说法正确的是(A )
(A)阻尼振动的振幅是随时间而衰减的(B)阻尼振动的周期(近似看作周期运动)也随时间而减小
(C)受迫振动的周期由振动系统本身的性质决定(D)受迫振动的振幅完全决定于策动力的大小
波动
1 一列波从一种介质进入另一种介质时，它的( B )
(A) 波长不变 (B) 频率不变 (C) 波速不变 (D) 以上三量均发生变化
xx,,,y,Acos(t,),2 平面简谐波方程 中表示( D) uu
xx (A)波源的振动相位 (B)波源的振动初相 (C)处质点振动相位 (D) 处质点振动初相
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
yt,03 一质点沿方向振动，振幅为，周期为，平衡位置在坐标原点，已知时该质点AT
yy,0x,位于处，向轴正向运动，由该质点引起的波动的波长为，则沿轴正向传播的平面简
谐波的波动方程为( D )
π2ππ2πtxtxcos(2π)cos(2π)y,A，，y,A，, (A) (B) ,,22TT
π2ππ2πtxtxcos(2π)cos(2π)y,A,，y,A,, (C) (D) ,,22TT
4 下列叙述中正确的是 (C )
(A) 机械振动一定能产生机械波 (B) 波动方程中的坐标原点一定要设在波源上
(C) 波动传播的是运动状态和能量 (D) 振动的速度与波的传播速度大小相等 5 机械波在弹性介质中传播时，某介质无位移达到负最大值时，它的能量为( C )
WWW,0WW,0W,0 (A)最大，最大 (B) 最大 (B)， (D)pppkkk
W,0W最大，p k
6 一简谐波，振幅增为原来的两倍，而周期减为原来的一半，则后者的强度I与原来波的I之比为( A )强度 0
(A)1 (B)2 (C)4 (D)16
PP8 有两列波在空间某点相遇，在某一时刻，观察到点的合振动的振幅等于两列波的振
幅之和，那么可以断定这两列波( D )
(A)是相干波 (B)是非相干波 (C)相干后能形成驻波 (D)都有可能 9 关于“波长”的定义，下列说法正确的是( C )
π (A)同一波线振动位相相同的两质点间的距离 (B)同一波线上位相差为的两振动质
点之间的距离
(C)振动在一个周期内所传播的距离 (D)同一波线上两个波峰之间的距离
vvHz11 火车以的速率行驶，其汽笛声的频率为，一个人站在铁轨旁，当火车从他身边驶s
u过时，他听到汽笛声的频率变化是多大,设空气中声速为 (C )
uuuuuu,，,,,,,, (A) (B) (C) (D) u,vu，vu,vu，vu,vu，vssssss
, 12 一固定波源在海水中发射频率为的超声波，射在一艘运动的潜艇上反射回来，反射
,,波与发射波的频率差为，潜艇运动速度远小于海水中声速u，则潜艇运动速度为(A )
,,,u，u,u,,u,, (A) (B) (C) (D) 2,,3,u
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
,πSSSSSS 13 和为两个相干波源，相距，比超前相位，若两波在，连线方向22211142
SSSI强度相同，都是I，且不随距离变化。则在连线上外侧各点的合成波的强度如何,又在1211SI外侧各点的强度如何,( A ) 22
4I4I2I2I (A)0 (B) 0 (C)0 (C 0 0000
14 一根管子可以起声学滤波器的作用，也就是说，它不允许不同于自己固有频率的声波通
ul过管子，请问多少频率以下的声波就不能通过了，设管长，管中声速为 ( B )
uuul (A) (B) (C) (D) l2l4l2u
SS,P 15 两相干波源和发出两列波长为的相干波，两波在点相遇。已知两波源振动21
的初相相同，，则点振幅极大时波程差应满足的条件是( A )SP,r,SP,r 1122
r,r,,k, k,0,1,2,3,r,r,,(k，1), k,0,1,2,3, (A)„ (B)„ 1212
,, (C)r,r,,(2k，1) k,0,1,2,3,r,r,,(k，1) k,0,1,2,3,„ (D)„ 121222
,AB 16 两相干平面波波源、，振幅皆为2cm，相位差为，两波源相距20m，则在两波
P源连线的中垂线上任意一点，两列波叠加后振幅为( A )
(A)0 (B)2cm (C)4cm (D)2. 82cm
πP17 已知两相干波源所发出的波的位相差为，到达某相遇点的波程差为半波长的两倍，P则点的合振动的情况是( B)
(A)始终加强 (B)始终减弱 (C)时而加强，时而减弱，呈周期性变化 (D)时而加强，时而减弱，没有一定规律
18 机械波在介质中传播的速度(C )
(A)与波长成正比 (B)与频率成正比
(C)由介质性质决定，与频率无关 (D)由振源决定，与介质无关
xt,019 如右图为时刻，以余弦函数表示的沿轴正方向
o传播的平面简谐波波形，则点处质点振动的初相是( A )
π3ππ(A) (B) (C)0 (D) 22
t,020 如图实线表示一平面简谐波时刻的波形，虚线表
t,0.1s示末的波形，由图可知，该平面简谐波的波动方程是
( C )
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
πππ(A) (B)y,0.1cos(10,t,x)y,0.1cos(10,t,,x) 222
πππ(C)y,0.1cos(5,t，,x) (D)y,0.1cos(5πt,x) 244
波动光学
n ,A1真空中波长为的单色光，在折射率为的均匀透明介质中从点沿某一路
,,,,llBAB点。若路径长为，、两点光振动相位差为，则和可能的值是(C ) 径传播到
l,3,/2, ,,,3,l,3,/(2n), ,,,3n, (A) (B)
l,3,/(2n), ,,,3,l,3n,/2, ,,,3n, (C) (D)
n2 在照相机镜头的玻璃片上均匀镀有一层折射率小于玻璃的介质薄膜，以增强某一波长,的透射光能量。假设光线垂直入射，则介质膜的最小厚度应为(D )
,/2n,/3n,/4n,/n (A) (B) (C) (D)
,3 双缝干涉实验中，入射光波长为，用玻璃纸遮住其中一缝，若玻璃纸中光程比相同厚
,度的空气大2.5，则屏上原0级明纹中心处(B )
(A)仍为明纹中心 (B)变为暗纹中心 (C)不是最明，也不是最暗 (D)无法确定
nd 4在迈克耳孙干涉仪的一条光路(一臂)中，放入一折射率为，厚度为的透明薄片，放入后该光路的光程改变了(A )
12(n,1)d(n,1)d2nd2nd2(n,1)d，, (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) 2
5 有两个几何形状完全相同的劈尖:一个由空气中的玻璃形成，一个由玻璃中的空气形成。当用相同的单色光分别垂直照射它们时，从入射光方向观察到干涉条纹间距(B )
(A)玻璃劈尖干涉条纹间距较大 (B)空气劈尖干涉条纹间距较大
(C)两劈尖干涉条纹间距相同 (D)已知条件不够，难以判断
6 若把牛顿环装置，由空气搬入水中，则干涉条纹(C )
(A)中心暗斑变成亮斑 (B)变疏 (C)变密 (D)间距不变
7 设牛顿环干涉装置的平凸透镜可以在垂直于平玻璃板的方向上移动，当透镜向上平移(离to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
开玻璃板)时，从入射光方向观察到干涉环纹的变化情况是(C )
(A)环纹向边缘扩散，环数不变 (B)环纹向边缘扩散，环数增加
(C)环纹向中心靠拢，环数不变 (D)环纹向中心靠拢，环数减少
8根据惠更斯—菲涅耳原理，若已知光在某时刻的波阵面为S，则S的前方某 点P的光强决定于波阵面上所有面积元发出的子波各自传到P点的( D)
(A)振动振幅之和 (B)光强之和 (C)振动振幅和的平方 (D)振动的相干叠加
b,5,,9 在单缝夫琅禾费衍射实验中，波长为的平行光垂直入射到宽度的单缝上。对应
o于衍射角为30的方向，单缝处波面可分成的半波带的数目为( C)
(A)3个 (B)4个 (C)5个 (D)8个
o10 在光栅夫琅禾费衍射实验中，单色平行光由垂直照射光栅变为以小于90的入射角到光栅上，观察到的光谱线(B )
(A)最高级次变小，条数不变 (B)最高级次变大，条数不变
(C)最高级次变大，条数变多 (D)最高级次不变，条数不变
11一束白光垂直照射光栅，在同一级光谱中，靠近中央明纹一侧是(D )
(A)绿光 (B)红光 (C)黄光 (D)紫光
12 用单色光垂直照射夫琅禾费单缝衍射装置，随着单缝的宽度逐渐减小，屏上衍射图样的变化情况是(B )
(A)衍射条纹逐渐变密 (B)中央亮条纹逐渐变宽
(C)同级衍射条纹的衍射角减小 (D)衍射条纹逐渐消失
13 在入射光波长一定的情况下，若衍射光栅单位长度上的刻痕线数越多，则(A )
(A)光栅常数越小 (B)衍射图样中亮纹亮度越小
(C)衍射图样中亮纹间距越小 (D)同级亮纹的衍射角越小
fb,14 设夫琅禾费单缝衍射装置的缝宽为，透镜焦距为，入射光波长为，则衍射图样光
OP强分布图中、两点的距离为(D )
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
,f/b2,f/b3,f/2b5,f/2b (A) (B) (C) (D)
15 在双缝干涉实验中，用单色自然光在屏上形成干涉条纹。若在两缝后放一个偏振片，则(B )
(A)干涉条纹间距不变，且明纹亮度加强 (B)干涉条纹间距不变，但明纹亮度减弱
(C)干涉条纹的间距变窄，且明纹的亮度减弱 (D)无干涉条纹
II16 强度为的自然光经过两平行放置的偏振片后，透射光强变为/4，这两块偏振片偏振00
化方向的夹角为(B )
oooo (A)30 (B)45 (C)60 (D)90
oo17 用两块偏振片分别作起偏器和检偏器。当两偏振片的偏振化方向分别成30和60夹角时，观察到同一位置两个不同光源的强度相等，则两光源的强度之比为(A )
(A)1/3 (B)1/2 (C)2/3 (D)3/4
o18 当自然光以58角从空气中入射到玻璃板表面时，若反射光为完全偏振光，则透射光的折射角为(A )]
oooo (A)32 (B)46 (C)58 (D)72
i19 一束自然光从空气中射向一块平板玻璃。设入射角等于布儒斯特角，则在 平板玻璃0下底面的反射光是(B )
(A)自然光 (B)完全偏振光且光矢量的振动方向垂直于入射面
(C)完全偏振光且光矢量的振动方向平行于入射面 (D)部分偏振光
o20 自然光从60的入射角照射到某一透明介质的表面，反射光是线偏振光，则知(B )
oo (A)折射光是线偏振光，折射角为30 (B)折射光是部分偏振光，折射角为30
(C)折射光是线偏振光，折射角不能确定 (D)折射光是部分偏振光，折射角不能确定
第14章 相对论
C\D\B\A\C\ A\B\C\A\D\
C\B\A\D\A\ C\B\A\D\C\
lv01 一列火车固有长度，以速率匀速行驶，地面上观察者发现有两个闪电同时击中火车的前后两端，则火车上的观察者测得两闪电击中火车前后两端的时间间隔的绝对值为( )
lv02cv21,()c(A)0 (B)
vvv2l1,()l0022ccc(C) (D)
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
l,xxxu02 有一固有长度为的棒在惯性系S系中沿轴放置，并以速度沿
,,,xxSSv轴运动，若有一惯性系系以速率相对S系沿轴运动，则从系测得此棒的长度为( )
ll22220220(c,u)(c,v)c,(u,v)2cc(A) (B)
ll22220220(c,u)(c,v)c,u2c,uvc(C) (D) 3 若从一惯性系中测得宇宙飞船的长度为其固有长度的一半，则宇宙飞船 相对该惯性系的速度为( )
c3c22(A) (B)
33cc43(C) (D)沿
yvx4 以速度沿方向运动的粒子，在方向上发射一光子，在地面上观测者测得光子的速率及与x轴夹角为( )
22ccv,22c, arctgcv, arctg，vv(A) (B)
22ccv,22cv,, arctgc, arctgvv(C) (D)
lx0AB5 如右图所示，两根静止长度均为的细棒平行于轴方向作匀速运动，观察者、分别固
A定在两棒上，当两棒接近时，棒上观察者认为相遇时( )
AB(A)棒与棒的两端点同时对齐
(B)左端先对齐，然后右端对齐
(C)右端先对齐，然后左端对齐
(D)两棒端点永远无法对齐
6 如右图所示，地面观察者发现在两地同时发生的事件A和
B，则按图示方向高速运动的飞船上的观察者认为( )
(A)A比B晚发生
(B)A比B早发生
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
(C)A与B同时发生
(D)上述三种说法都有可能
,S7 在惯性系S中测得某地两事件时间间隔为5s，在相对S系作匀速直线运动的另一惯性系中
,S测得两事件时间间隔为6s，则系相对S系的速率为( )
11cccc(A)5/6 (B)/6 (C)2/3 (D)1/6
,,xxSl8 在惯性系S中，有两个事件同时发生于轴上相距为的两处，从惯性系观测到这两个事
,2lS件相距为，由系测得此两事件的时间间隔的绝对值为( )
3l/2c3l/c3l/3c(A)0 (B) (C) (D)
,Sl0.8c9 惯性系S系中有一正方形薄片，边长为，另一惯性系沿薄片一边以相对S系匀速运
,S动，在系中测得此薄片面积为( )
345222lll2l554(A) (B) (C) (D)
EEe0kB10 电量为、静能为的粒子通过一加速器后获得的能量，再让其垂直射入磁感强度为
EkR的磁场中，要使这粒子运动轨迹是半径为的圆，应为( )
eBRC,E0eBRC(A) (B)
222eBR2 2 2 2 2 ， , E e B R c E 0 0 2m(C) (D)(已改)
4cm0511 静质量为的粒子以运动，则其动能和动量分别为( )
845422, , mcmcmcmc000025533(A) (B)
242322, , mcmcmcmc00003334(C) (D)
mv012 有两个静质量为的粒子，以大小相同，方向相反的速率相撞，反应合成一个粒子，这个复合粒子的静质量和运动速率为( )
m20, 02v,12mc0(A)2，0 (B)
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
m3m00, v, ,v22vv,1,122cc(C) (D)
lv013 一飞船静止长度为，以速率相对地球(惯性系)做匀速直线运动，飞船内一物体从尾部
u运动到头部，宇航员测得其速率为，则在地球上测得该物体运动时间为( )
uvl(1，)02c
2vl0u1,2cu(A) (B)
uv ， l (1 ) 0 2 c
22 lvv 01,(u , v ) 1 , 22 ucc (C) (D)
m,,,SxxS00.5c以相对于惯性系S沿轴正向运动，系中有一静止质量为的物体以14 惯性系
,0.5cx的速度沿轴正向作匀速直线运动。则在S系中的观察者测得此物体的质量为( )
235mm00mm0033(A) (B) (C)2 (D)
Mmm0102015 静止质量为的粒子，在静止时衰变为静止质量为和的两个粒子，则静止质量为m10的粒子的能量为( )
222222(M，m,m)(M,m，m)220102001020cc2M2M00(A) (B)
222(m，m,M)210200c22Mmc010(C) (D)
0.8c16 一飞船相对地球以的速度飞行。一光脉冲从船尾传到船头。飞船的静止长度为100m，则地球观察者测出光脉冲从船尾到船头两个事件的空间间隔为( )
(A)100 (B)60 (C)300 (D)500/3
,,SSvOx17 S系系是坐标轴相互平 行的两个惯性系，系相对S系以匀速沿轴正方向运动，一
o,,,SOxvOx根刚性尺静止在系中，与轴成30o角，今在S系中测得，该尺与轴成45角，则的大小为( )
12c21/21/2()cc()c3333(A) (B) (C) (D) to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
mqt0E18 有一静止质量为，带电量为的粒子，其初速度为零，在均匀电场中加速，则时刻时，
它所获得的速率为( )
qEt222qEtqEt21/2(m，)02mc0(A) (B)
qEt2qEt2222222qEtqEt21/221/2(m，)(m，)0022cc(C) (D)
muyx00F19 一粒子静止质量为，以初速沿轴运动，在运动中始终受到一沿轴方向的恒力的
t作用，则时刻该粒子动量的大小为( )
mu00
2u01,2cFt(A) (B)
2222222mu，Ftmuc1/2221/20000()c(，Ft)2222c,uc,u00(C) (D)
N倍，则其运动速度大小为( ) 20 某微观粒子的总能量是它静止能量的
CC21,NN，1N(A) (B)
N,1C2CN,1N，1N(C) (D)
量子理论
1 光电效应中发射的光电子的初动能随入射光频率
,的变化关系如右图所示，由图中可以直接求出普朗
克常数的是(C )
OQQS/OSOP/OQOP(A)(B)(C)(D)
,2 用频率为单色光照射某一种金属，测得光电子1
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
E,E的最大动能为;用频率为的单色光照射另一种金属时，测得光电子的最大动能为，如k12k2EE果,，那么(D ) k1k2
,,,,,,,,(A)一定大于(B)一定小于(C)一定等于(D)可能大于也可能小于 22221111
W3 已知某单色光照射到一金属表面产生了光电效应，若此金属的逸出功为，则此单色光的波0长必须满足(A )
hchcWW00,,,,,,(A)(B)(C)(D) ,,WWhchc00
,I,4 用频率为的单色光照射某种金属时，测得饱和电流为，以频率为的单色光照射该金属211
III时，测得饱和电流为，若,，则( D) 221
,,,,,,,,,,,(A)(B)(C)(D)与的关系还不能确定 12121221
5 在康普顿散射中，如果设反冲电子的速度为光速的60%，则因散射使电子获得能量是其静止能量为(D )
(A)2倍(B)1.5倍(C)0.5倍(D)0.25倍
n,36 由氢原子理论知，当大量氢原子处于的激发态时，原子跃迁将发出(C ) (A)一种波长的光(B)两种波长的光(C)三种波长的光(D)连续光谱 7 要使处于基态的氢原子受激后可辐射出可见光谱线，最少应供给氢原子的能量为(A ) (A)12. 0eV(B)10. 20 eV(C)1. 89 eV(D)1. 51 eV
n,48 根据玻尔理论，氢原子中的电子在的轨道上运动的动能与在基态的轨道上运动的动能之比为(C )
(A)1/4(B)1/8(C)1/16(D)1/32
9 按照玻尔理论，电子绕核作圆周运动时，电子的角动量L的可能值为( D)
nhnh,n,1,2,3,,,2πnh,n,1,2,3,,,,n,1,2,3,,,(A)任意值(B)(C)(D) 2π
n,510 根据玻尔理论，氢原子在轨道上的角动量与第一激发态的轨道角动量之比为(A ) to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
(A)5/2(B)5/3(C)5/4(D)5
n,211 具有下列哪一个能量的光子，能被处在的能级的氢原子吸收,( B) (A)1.51eV(B)1.89 eV(C)2.15eV(D)2.40eV
x,x,,p,h12 不确定关系式表示在方向上( D) x
(A)粒子位置不能确定(B)粒子动量不能确定
(C)粒子位置和动量都不能确定(D)粒子位置和动量不能同时确定
,4x,,500nm,,,1.0，10nm13 波长的光沿轴正向传播，若光的波长不确定量，则利用不确
,x,p,h定关系式可得光子的坐标不确定量至少为(C ) x
(A)25cm(B)50cm(C)259cm(D)500cm
p:p,14 低速运动的质子和粒子，若它们的德布罗意波长相同，则它们的动量之比和动能之p,E:E分别为(A ) 比kpk,
(A)1:1 4:1(B)1:1 1:4(C)1:4 4:1(D)1:4 1:4
,,BR15 若粒子(电量为2e)在磁感应强度为均匀磁场中沿半径为的圆形轨道运动则粒子的德布罗意波长是( A)
h/(2eRB)h/(eRB)1/(2eRBh)1/(eRBh)(A)(B)(C)(D)
16 将波函数在空间各点的振幅同时增大D倍，则粒子在空间的分
布概率将(D )
22DDD(A)增大倍(B)增大倍(C)增大倍(D)不变
17 粒子在一维无限深方势阱中运动，下图为粒子处于某一能态上
的波函数的曲线，粒子出现概率最大的位置为(C )
a/6, 5a/6a/6, a/2, 5a/60, a/3, 2a/3, aa/2(A)(B)(C)(D)
(n,l,m,m) 18 在氢原子的K壳层中，电子可能具有量子数是( A) ls
,1/2,1/2(A)1，0，0，1/2(B)1，0，，1/2(C)1，0，1，(D)2，1，0， ,1
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
19 下列各组量子数中，哪一组可以描述原子中电子的状态,(B )
112, 2, 0, 3, 1, 0, n,l,m,m,n,l,m,m,,(A)(B) lsls22
111, 2, 1, n,l,m,m,1, 0, 1, (C)(D) n,l,m,m,,lsls22
20 直接证实了电子自旋存在的最早实验之一是( D)
(A)康普顿实验(B)卢瑟福实验(C)戴维孙——革未实验(D)施特恩——格拉赫实验
to achieve high quality project. 5. instrument installation construction alternatives 5.1 5.1.1 the instrument construction methods General requirements 5.1.1.1 to ensure smooth instrument construction, instrument technician prior to construction workers, have a thorough check, calculate construction materials and technology to give the low-down the construction workers. 5.1.1.2 closely linked to pipeline construction of the instrument unit, with the active cooperation, so as to avoid the instrument device is not properly installed and rework and, if necessary, corresponding with the related technical or construction plan key single equipment prior to commissioning, shall report the test application by party representatives, representatives of the management company and the factory specialists is confirmed, in order to perform. 5.1.1.3 strictly quality inspection system, each process was finished, filled in by the workers, technicians and construction quality inspection requests, advance written notice to the management company site engineer and QC personnel, make conclusions on construction quality in the future, quality form a basis of the project when completed. 5.1.1.4 strictly professional transfer of process quality inspection system, handling written delivery list. The transfer of professional process, must be fully installed quality inspection processes installed on disqualification, shall not be carried out the next working procedure operation; important instrumentation engineering processes must inform the management company engineers check and a written record. 5.1.1.5 strictly abide by the national regulation and construction site safety regulations to ensure
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