傲慢与偏见论文

傲慢与偏见论文 Foreign Language Department Graduation Thesis Marriage and Money in Pride and Prejudice Name: Zhang Li Class: 08-4 Major: English Advisor: Li Guang hai Time: May 9th, 2012 哈尔滨商业大学德强商务学院 毕业论文(设计) 任务书 系别 外 语 系 专业 英 语 班级 08级英本四 学生姓名 zhangli 2011年11月8日 说 明 1、本任务书为我院各专业下达毕业论文(设计)任务之用。 2、本任务书由指导教师填写并签字，系主任批准签字。批准后，由系(部)统一保存。 3、本任务书中阶段检查必须按时进行填写，以保证毕业论文(设计)按时如期完成。 4、毕业答辩完成后，本任务书与毕业论文(设计)一起装入学生毕业论文(设计)资料袋，由系(部)统一保存。 教务处 毕业论文(设计)任务书 zhangli 外语系 姓名 系别 英语 08级英本四 专业 班级 毕业论文(设计) Marriage and Love in Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观和爱情观 毕业论文(设计)目的意义: 本文以简.奥斯汀的小说《傲慢与偏见》为研究对象，简.奥斯汀一生只写过6本完整的小说。这些小说描写的是18世纪末19世纪初关于金钱和婚姻方面的生活细节。她是19世纪英国最伟大的小说家之一，奥斯汀完全了解这些社会环境使人不光追求物质，更加追求一种精神世界，这也证明了奥斯汀是一个理性的作家，她认为爱情超越一切。奥斯汀通过对这四段爱情和婚姻的详细分析，来探讨《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观和婚姻观那就是:恋爱婚姻与财产和社会地位相互关联，正确的婚姻应当建立在相互爱慕、相互尊重的基础上，金钱是婚姻上的物质保障而已。 毕业论文(设计)要求与计划: 内容丰富、有新意，论文资料充实、详实、运用得当，篇章逻辑层次清晰、中心突出，论证充分结论、合理，语体正确、格式规范。 按系里要求提交初稿，二稿和最后成稿。 时间安排: 2011年11月8日 下达任务书 2011年12月9-16日 提交论文详细提纲 2011年12月22日-2012年3月初 收集资料，完善初稿 2012年4月-2012年5月 与指导教师讨论修改论文 2012年5月上旬 定稿、打印、装订、论文答辩 指导教师意见(签字): 应按学院规定的格式及时间安排保证质量按期完成。 2011年 11月 17 日 专业指导委员会意见(签字): 2011 年 11月 20日 系主任意见(签字): 2011 年11 月 24日 毕业论文(设计)评语及成绩 一、指导教师评语 指导教师签字: 201 年 月 日 二、评阅人评语 评阅人签字: 201 年 月 日 三、答辩委员会评语 四、毕业论文(设计)成绩 学生所在系盖章: 201 年 月 日 五、答辩委员会主任单位 答辩委员会主任职称 答辩委员会主任签字 201 年 月 日 哈尔滨商业大学德强商务学院毕业论文 摘要 《傲慢与偏见》是英国著名小说家简•奥斯汀的伟大著作，奥斯丁深知在当时的社会环境中，人们不断的追求物质生活，而忽视了精神上的追求。所以小说中的四段婚姻基本概括了当时社会中爱情和婚姻的状况。通过对四种不同婚姻和爱情的描写，解析和探讨，充分体现了作者的爱情和婚姻观。奥斯汀通过对《傲慢与偏见》中四段不同爱情和婚姻的详细分析，来证明自己对爱情和婚姻的观点。那就是:在当时社会中，恋爱婚姻与财产和社会地位相互关联，正确的婚姻应当建立在相互爱慕、相互尊重的基础上，而金钱是婚姻上的物质保障。 关键字:爱情; 婚姻; 金钱; 社会地位 I Abstract Pride and Prejudice is a great work of well-known British writer Jane Austen. Austin understands completely that people are constantly in pursuit of material life, and ignored the spirit pursuit. Therefore, the four marriages of novel basically summarize the love and marriage conditions of that time. Through the discussion of the different marriages and love, the writer demonstrates her concept about love and marriage: love and marriage is closely associated with property and society, however, love and marriage can not only be decided by the property and social status. An ideal marriage should be based on mutual affection and respect, and money is the material guarantee of the marriage. Key Word: love; marriage; money; social status 哈尔滨商业大学德强商务学院毕业论文 Contents 摘要 ................................................................................................................................ I Abstract ......................................................................................................................... II Contents ....................................................................................................................... III 1 Introduction.............................................................................................................. 1 2 The brief introduction of Jane Austen and Pride and Prejudice ............................. 2 2.1 The background of Jane Austen..................................................................... 2 2.2 Pride and Prejudice and Social background of that time .............................. 3 2.2.1 Pride and Prejudice ........................................................................... 3 2.2.2 The Social background of that time ................................................... 3 2.3 Austen’s Concept about Love and Marriage ................................................. 4 3 The four marriages in Pride and Prejudice ............................................................. 5 Charlotte Lucas and William Collin’s marriage ............................................ 5 3.1 3.2 Jane Bennett and Charles Bingley’s marriage ............................................... 6 3.3 Lydia Bennett and George Wickham’s marriage ........................................... 7 3.4 Elizabeth Bennett and Fitzwilliam Darcy's marriage .................................... 8 4 The Different Understanding about Marriage and Love in Pride and Prejudice .. 10 4.1 The Marriage based on Virtue and Upbringing ........................................... 10 4.2 The Marriage Based on Vanity and Money ................................................. 10 4.3 The marriage based on True love................................................................. 11 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 15 References.................................................................................................................... 16 Acknowledgements...................................................................................................... 17 III 哈尔滨商业大学德强商务学院毕业论文 1 Introduction Pride and Prejudice is the most enduringly popular novel written by Jane Austen, and it is also the representative of realistic literature. From the beginning “It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife,” we know the plot is very simple—the young ladies choose their husbands. It talks about life and idea of middle class who lived in countryside in 18th century. This novel takes young people’s marriage as the thread and it covers the inheritance of fortune, women’s social status, ethics and customs. There are four marriages in the work. The most typical example to explain the affect of practical benefits on marriage is the combination of Charlotte and Collins. Charlotte who is the most rational woman in the novel marries to Collins just for money and rich life. Jane Bennett and Charles Bingley’s marriage is satisfactory, and it is full of romantic. They fall in love at the first sight. This marriage is more perfect. Wickham-Lydia Scandal can be taken as another instance to illustrate that money is of overwhelming importance in marriage which is very fantastic and ridiculous. Darcy and Elizabeth’s marriage is considered as an ideal one, for it consists of money and love. We can see that if money and love can’t be held together in one marriage, love would always make a concession to money because of the special social background. After reading through the whole book, we will find that money acts as the cause of each plot and the clue of its development. Being a masterpiece of Jane Austen, it comes to the extensive favor of literary lovers and experts at the same time. This novel makes an analysis of human nature and then stick up readers to think over social relations. 1 2 The brief introduction of Jane Austen and Pride and Prejudice 2.1 The background of Jane Austen Jane Austen (1775-1817) was born in Steventon, Hampshire, and she lived and worked at the turn of the century. She was the daughter of a country clergyman, and passed all her life in doing small domestic duties in the countryside. although she was never entered into formal school, she was well educated by her family, As a matter of fact, besides drawing and playing the piano, all her education was to read her father’s books both the serious and the popular literature of the day (her father had a library of 500books by 1801) she did a fair mount of reading. Later, at the age of 11 or 12 years old, she began to write. There was a little table in family sitting-room, on which she wrote her now famous novel, in the midst of busy family life. When a visitor entered, she would throw a sheet of paper or piece of sewing over her work, and she modestly refused to acknowledge that she was the author of the novels, which were published anonymously owing to the prejudice prevailing at the time concerning the writing of novels by a lady. During her lifetime she never moved in literary circle, and was never “lionized.” She read what people in general reading, that is, the current novels and poems. But whatever she read, she turned to good account. Living a quiet life in the countryside, she kept her eyes steadily upon the people and incidents about her, and wrote about small world she lived in. She herself compared her work to a fine engraving made upon a little piece of ivory only two inches square. The comparison is true. The ivory surface is small enough, but the woman who made drawings of human life on it is a real artist. Her six novels,Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Northanger Abbey, Mansfield Park , Emma, Persuasion, which all describe about marriage. However, her marriage is like a blank paper in her 42 years real lifetime. Going through the finest time, but eventually without meeting a comfortable partner, she gives up her love. Going through the sweet and bitter feeling which helps her to write the great work pride and prejudice. 哈尔滨商业大学德强商务学院毕业论文 2.2 Pride and Prejudice and Social background of that time 2.2.1 Pride and Prejudice “Pride and Prejudice” is Austen’s work in the early time. She began to write it in the year of 1796 and finished in 1797. It was first called “Initial impression”. Her father was shocked by her work, but the publisher refused to publish it. And then she rewrote it, and finally it was published in the year 1813. 2.2.2 The Social background of that time This great book begins with “It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.” The author amply demonstrates her point about love and marriage. Therefore, in order to analyze these points of views, we should firstly start from her great work and the background of that time. “At that time, according to the social conditions in Britain, a good marriage for a young woman was critical. This phenomenon was closely associated with the British society and the status of women in the society. In the 19th century, women were not well respected compared with the ones on the present society. There was no equality between woman and man. Women were considered to be inferior to men in terms of intelligence and capacity. The central life of women was forced to stay at home; their roles were to deal with the family affairs, such as taking care of the children and serving for the husband.” People naturally thought that women should be submissive to their husbands. The virtues of women were patient and deferent. They must recognize their inherent inferiority to men, so they must restrict their abilities without conditions. Although the status of women was low, few of them expressed dissatisfaction about their own destinies. At that time, many middle-class young women had three solutions: getting married; staying at home as old maids or working as the family female teachers. The income of family female teacher was very low, and the status was low as well. It was very difficult for them to change this status, no one would like to be a maid forever, therefore, in terms of young women, especially those who don't have enough properties, and marriage was the only way for them to gain respect, stability and social status. Austin fully critiqued some bad phenomenon in her work pride and prejudice, taking 3 some perfect points about marriage and love to demonstrate her own view on love and marriage. 2.3 Austen’s Concept about Love and Marriage The author tells four different marriages in the novel. From the analysis of the marriages, we can find the author's idea about marriage: marriage and property and social status are interconnected. But marriage could not only depend on the property and the social status. Money is only the material security for life. And the happy marriage should be based on the mutual respect, mutual admiration. The property can not make everyone get happiness in the marriage. She supposes that an ideal marriage should consist of love and money, but stresses the importance of emotional factors. 哈尔滨商业大学德强商务学院毕业论文 3 The four marriages in Pride and Prejudice 3.1 Charlotte Lucas and William Collin’s marriage In the Pride and Prejudice, money has a closed relationship with marriage. The most typical example to explain the affect of practical benefits on marriage is the combination of Charlotte and Collins. Charlotte is William Lucas’s daughter, who is the neighbor of Bennett. She was born of humble parentage and very mediocre in every aspect. So she has not got married even until she is 26 years old. She may be a typical questionable girl. She realized the universal nature of the marriage of the upper-class in England. Material factors were the most important factor in marital life in the 18th century to 19th century of English society. The family of Lucas also belonged to the Aristocratic class. In the 16th to 18th century, for the English aristocratic class, marriage was not a private combination which in order to satisfy the psychological and physiological needs of individuals but a better way to ensure the lasting of the family and the property. In charlotte’s opinion a marriage with out property, even though it had beautiful love in it, finally it would end with surfing and disappointment. Not every woman can be the princess and not every woman can marry a prince. For Charlotte, love is luxury. Just as she said to Elizabeth: “... you know that I am not a romantic person, I am not that kind of person. I just hope that I could have a comfortable home. With consider of Mr. Collins’ personality social relations and status. If I marry him I would be happy. And my happiness will be not less than the happy in other people’s eyes.” She clearly knew that she was not as beautiful as Jane. And she was also not as talent as Elizabeth. So she had to face the reality. There was no better choice than Mr. Collins for her. The marriage will not be happy without love, and it can not last a long time without money. Love is necessary but it doesn’t mean everything. She is not the person who put money in the first place. She just realized the real life clearly. Collins chooses Charlotte as his wife, obviously not for love, when he proposed to Elizabeth; he had expounded his wedding reasons:” firstly, I think every well-off pastor (like 5 me) in marriage should set an example for the parish where he lived. Secondly, I believe marriage will make me more happily. Thirdly, I think this point should be put forward before the two above, the old lady who ever helped me advised me to marry.” Therefore, when Collins was refused by Elizabeth, he changed his propose to Charlotte without any hesitation. Collins was too impatient to wait for marriage not by individual needs, just completed a task which Catherine (Darcy’s aunt) arranged for him. If he married, he would finish the task. For who will marry with him and whether he will love her, it is not important. And Charlotte’s family is aristocrat, in the states, the two are equal, so he felled enough for this marriage. His marriage， to a certain extent, is to follow the social fashion marriage concept of that time: “It is a truth well known to all the world that an unmarried man in possession of a large fortune must be in need of a wife”. 3.2 Jane Bennett and Charles Bingley’s marriage Jane Bennett and Charles Bingley’s marriage is satisfactory, and it is full of romantic. They fall in love at the first sight. And have the similar personalities, it makes their marriage more perfect. Bingley is a gentleman man who has an income of four or five thousand pounds a year(As a young man of fine breeding, he is enthusiastic and simple. Rich like him, does not proud, instead he is easygoing and humility. In the first dance that holds in Netherfield Park, he makes himself known to everyone. Jane is a beautiful, kind and gentle girl. She is the eldest daughter, also is one of the most beautiful sister. Bingley’s unique individual glamour won Jane's admiration. She thinks that young people should be like him. In her eyes, Bingley is knowledgeable, wit and lively. She had never met a man whose behavior can be more likable than him. Bingley also noticed Jane that night. When he first saw Jane, he fell in love with her. His love for Jane is apparent sincerity. When Jane has a bad cold, he was very worried about her. His personality contributed to his love with Jean, but it is also led to their separation. To be exact, his friendship with Darcy is also a reason for their separation. Darcy to Bingley is very sincere. He believes that Jane does not love Bingley, so He urged Bingley do not marry Jane. We can see it from his letter for Elizabeth: “I had not been long in Hertfordshire before I noticed that Bingley preferred your elder sister Jane to any other young 哈尔滨商业大学德强商务学院毕业论文 woman(But I had often seen him in love before，and it wasn't until the Netherfield ball that I realized how serious his attachment was(I was careful to observe your sister closely，and as her manners and appearance were as pleasant and cheerful as ever， I remained convinced that she did not feel strongly about him(” Bingley is shacked by Darcy’s dissuasion. Then he leaves without saying goodbye. Later, in the help of Darcy who know the truth, Bingley removing misunderstanding and return to Jane's side. Their marriage seems like perfect. But in fact, the reason why they fall in love at the first sight has deeply relationship with money. Before he moves in Netherfield Park, Charles Bingley has been the focus. “A single man of large fortune—he has an income of four or five thousand pounds a year”. “Charlotte Lucas's father has been to see him, and says he's quite young, very handsome， and charming!” And even better, he loves dancing! Every- body knows that means he's very likely to fall in love!’” Obviously, Jane has already known about him. She knows that Bingley has a good fortune. It is the base that she falls in love with him at the first sight. 3.3 Lydia Bennett and George Wickham’s marriage Wickham-Lydia Scandal can be taken as another instance to illustrate that money is of overwhelming importance in marriage which is very fantastic. Wickham is the son of the housekeeper for Mr. Darcy. Originally he is well-treated by the family. He is very handsome and charming from his appearance, but he is demoralized in mind. He is extravagant and always greatly in debts of honor. Lydia, far more different from her two elder sisters, is vain, ignorant, idle and absolutely uncontrolled. They elope from Brighton with out any engagement and are found out in London finally. Through under such circumstances, Wickham has no intention at all to marry Lydia. With the help of Darcy in secret, they get married. Because of getting into debts, Wickham is very poor, and he still cherishes the hope of more effectually making his fortune by marriage in some other country. In this marriage, money is considered as the factor of extreme importance, not only to girls, but also to boys. It is hard to say the love exists between them, even love, also can be reluctantly called as” the love of sensual passion blindly”. Rational, love and morality are the most important factor in marriage, but this marriage doesn’t have any of those things, their 7 marriage must be a failure. 3.4 Elizabeth Bennett and Fitzwilliam Darcy's marriage In the novel, Elizabeth married Darcy and her marriage is considered as an ideal one, for it consists of money and love. Elizabeth Bennett is intelligent, humorous, quick-witted, and she has a strong sense of personality and dignity. She despises her mother’s dreadful mentality and unbearably vulgar and also her younger sister’s dissoluteness. She firmly refuses Mr. Collins’ proposal, against her mother’s expectation, because she do not and will never love him. At first, Elizabeth and Darcy met at the ball, where Mr. Darcy was arrogant and rude to other people. When Mr. Bingley asked him to dance with Elizabeth, he said: “she is tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt me.” Elizabeth thinks that Darcy is arrogant and conceited, while he is completely indifferent to her charms. Later however, he notices Elizabeth’s beautiful eyes which made her seem intelligent and extraordinary. “She has the very great pleasure which a pair of fine eyes in the face of a pretty woman can bestow.” He loves her, but she declines Mr. Darcy’s proposal In Elizabeth’s eyes, he is arrogant and unreasonable because he is rich and has high social status. Realizing that, Darcy begins to get rid of those bad habits quietly to crate her taste and get good impression. Because of Darcy’s perfect behavior and good education, Elizabeth gradually eliminates the bias on Darcy. Then they spontaneously fall in love. She finally marries Darcy and her marriage is considered as an ideal one, for it consists of money and love. In this marriage, both of them pay a lot and get rid of many bad habits. At first, Elizabeth could not accept Collins because there could be no possibility of love between them, nor Wickham since he has no property. (Though Wickham is short of not only money but also moral, she does not know it until the latter part of the story.) That Darcy’s pride and her prejudice against him makes her refuse his first offer of marriage, but later on, she feels regretful for her own bias and rashness. There is a faint pity in her painful self-condemn and complex feelings. When she sees Darcy’s Pemberley Park, she changes her mind. “She had never seen a place for which nature had done more, or where natural beauty had been so little counteracted by an awkward taste.” And at that moment, “She felt that to be mistress of 哈尔滨商业大学德强商务学院毕业论文 Pemberley might be something!” “I might have been mistress! With these rooms I might now have been familiarly acquainted! Instead o viewing them as a stranger, I might have rejoiced in them as my own, and welcome to them as visitors my uncle and my aunt.” Elizabeth gradually eliminates the bias on Darcy. Then they spontaneously fall in love. So when Darcy’s second suitor is sent to Elizabeth, Elizabeth readily agree with, and they get married and have happy family lives. 9 4 The Different Understanding about Marriage and Love in Pride and Prejudice 4.1 The Marriage based on Virtue and Upbringing At the end of the 18th century, a great politician said that upbringing was more important than law, because it could promote moral, help to realize moral or ruin moral. Thus it could be concluded that upbringing played very important role in life at that time. On the first ball organized by Mr. Bingley in the Niger Park, Jane---the eldest daughter of the Bonnets’ is favored by the host. But the reserved personality and the standardized qualities make her feelings show nothing, so she almost loses Bingley, which is also caused by her nest-of-kin’s lap sad conducts. For example, Mrs. Bennett often gives comments on the marriage in public, especially the benefits of the marriage, which almost frightens Bingley away. This good marriage based on a favorite of mutual good impression and true love nearly evaporates. Fortunately, the loves get married by experiencing twists. 4.2 The Marriage Based on Vanity and Money Lydia is impulsive, credulous and blindly following. She is pursuing love and thinking about how to get love from a male. She is stiffened with the style of an officer called Wickham. She elopes with him because of an impulse. They spend money without restraint, and they are unable to make ends meet. For sake of Elizabeth, Darcy gave them a sum of money to let them get out of difficulties. At the same time, this swindler prepares to climb another woman for a sum of money Bennett couple is another example for this kind of marriage. Mr. Bennett covets the youth and beauty and is attracted and gets married with a narrow-minded young and beautiful woman lacking intelligence. Not long after the marriage, he puts an end to his love and affection, the mutual respect and trust between the couple has gone. The expectation to have a harmonious and well-being family has evaporated. Clearly, this couple’s marriage is unfortunate caused by rashness and vanity. Charlotte knows that the marriage without property would eventually move toward 哈尔滨商业大学德强商务学院毕业论文 disappointment and suffering. Even if the couple loves each other deeply at first, when Collins, known as a social climber, is rejected by Elizabeth, he immediately turns to fall in love with Miss Charlotte. Although Collins is an inborn fool, his love could not move the heart of a woman, Charlotte accepts him, because her purpose is to get married. Almost all the girls born in a poor family without good education always regard marriage as the only decent way, although marriage might not necessarily bring happiness to them. She manages to arrange one of the most reliable way by marriage, thus she would not be exposed to the cold temperatures and suffer hunger in the future. She now gets a storage room. In these marriages, it was quite interesting that the women without property really get married with those rich bachelors. However, the happiness brought by marriage to them has not accompanied the husband. In marriage, money is very important. Austin objects such marriage simply based on money. Collins is the heir of Bonnet family; he doesn’t know what love is. He would state some of the inappropriate remarks at any time. Charlotte gets married for money. Eventually she gets nothing more than a rich man, though she has economic security. She doesn’t care about her husband's accompanying and love. She encourages him to clean up the garden more. She sets his living-room in the small house absent of even a small number of sunshine. When her husband makes gaffe in front of their friends, she ignores and turns a deaf ear. Such arrangement for the story is a perfect irony for” the truth universally acknowledged” at the beginning of the novel. The author expresses great sympathy to the tragic fate of the women at that time and those who had to marry because of economic restraints by the description of the marriage of charlotte. Austen understands completely that the social environment makes man obey not only in material but in psychology, which improved that Austin is a rational author that she prefers true love to survival. Miss Bingley also extremely objects the marriage between her brother and Bennett’s eldest daughter Jane. She hopes her brother to marry Darcy’s sister Miss Georgiana in order to make herself to have the same status. 4.3 The marriage based on True love Elizabeth is the ideal image for women as well as the most charismatic person in the 11 novel. She has a middle-class family background and has not been affected by the formal education belonging to those aristocratic young girls, so she isn't good at music and painting, but she has read many books which make her knowledgeable and perceptive. Darcy is a man with tall figure and good manner. So he is the ideal husband of most girls. But he has grown up in the surroundings with strong sense of power, so he always is selfish and arrogant, and he has a critical look at each individual, except the family members., he is not concerned about anyone else, and looks down upon anyone else. At first he doesn’t put an eye on Elizabeth. Gradually, he has to admit that Elizabeth is beautiful, distinct and popular, although he insists that Elizabeth hasn't the same social status as him. Darcy is rational because he has a strong sense of power, which agrees on the reality at that time. For his arrogance, he is rejected by Elizabeth. Darcy loves Elizabeth, but looks down upon her social status. He considers that he has been lowing himself and doing something against his will, personalities and even moral standard. He thinks that his marriage would certainly succeed and Elizabeth is waiting for him to propose marriage. Therefore, even he is irresistible to the flooding feelings, and condescends to Elizabeth; he still remembers the gap between them. Clearly, the rational aspect of Darcy’s personality performs on the realities of society. When he talks about his feelings of love, he also expresses the arrogance of these feelings in details, which results in the arousing resentment of Elizabeth; she rejects his marriage proposal, and angrily accuses his insolence. The rational aspect of the heroine Elizabeth shows her clear, calm and actually stressful personality. Compared with her stupid mother, the smooth and lazy father, the shallow-minded, self-willed sister with feather head, Elizabeth is one with ideal mind. She is elegant like her sister Jane, but more intellectually superior unlike her sister being easy to be favorable. She also advises her sister to see through the stupidity and nonsense of those camouflage honest persons. Elizabeth is unique, because she has a deep understanding of all the things around her. In fact both she and Darcy are extremely sensitive to the social status. Different from Darcy, Elizabeth doesn’t have superiority about her family background and status. Instead, she feels deeply ashamed for her sister’s being lack of fairly education and her mother's rudeness and stupidity. Compared with her moderate and generous sister Jane, she is smarter and even more profound. She has a clean understanding about her own social status, which is due to the 哈尔滨商业大学德强商务学院毕业论文 psychotically sedimentary deposits because she is in an inferior position for long time. Because of this, she resists extremely against the arrogance of Darcy, and she tries her best to protect herself from being hurtled by Darcy's commanding attitude. She believes that she must make him understand that she is not woozy, which reflects her belief to deal with the emotional entanglements with Darcy, as well as her constant patter with Darcy and the prejudice on Darcy. It superficially seems to be shared by the traditional psychological requirement that everyone needs to be respected mutually. Mutually speaking, this is another form of expression about the awareness of status. Perhaps, to some extent, Darcy has more romantic temperament than Elizabeth; it is because he is better positioned than her. Elizabeth refuses the stupid priest Collins and challenges wealthy Darcy; all of this is actually the resistance of the prevailing marriage at that time. The ultimate failure makes Darcy wake up. He is aware of his own short-comings. He accepts Elizabeth’s criticism, and faithfully corrects the shortcomings and mistakes. He is no longer arrogant and has a real love with Elizabeth. With the revealing of the truth, Elizabeth’s prejudice on Darcy becomes deeper. Until when Elizabeth refuses Darcy’s long love letter, she experiences the fierce shock. After undergoing a period of painful and profound thought, she could not help but to shout how despicable she is, she believes she is the excellent one in the family, she is skillful and always despises her sister’s dress. In order to satisfy her own vanity, she always treats people with an irrelevant suspicion and confusion. How shameful it is! But this shame serves her right. Even if she really falls in love with someone, she should not be so blind to meet this flunking stage. She is stupid not only in love, but in the vanity. When she first knows them two, one loves her and makes her feel happy, and the other treats her in a cold manner, which makes her angry. All these cause her prejudice and ignorance, when she encounters their affairs. She would not be able to distinguish the right and the wrong. She could be considered to be knowledgeable at last. When we see the blame from heart, we find her shortcomings and the courage that she could face herself directly. It is her bringing that plays a role; she starts to give up the bias caused by self-esteem, truly and seriously understand Darcy. Elizabeth wouldn't believe the shameless lies about Darcy said by Han and eliminate the misunderstanding and prejudice. She finally falls in love with Darcy. When the sister asks how she would love Mr. Darcy, 13 Elizabeth replies that she should date from the day she see the beautiful lane manor park. The statement seems to refer to the property of Darcy. Therefore, Jane doesn't want the sisters to be kidding. In addition to referring to the specific manor, she also refers the new Darcy seen in the garden. In other words, Darcy changes the attitude of being arrogant and rudest, and this is the reason why Darcy wins Elizabeth’s heart and love. We can imagine that if Darcy doesn't change his mind, even if other misunderstandings have been resolved, they would not fall in love forever. 哈尔滨商业大学德强商务学院毕业论文 Conclusion There are a lot of novels talking about marriage in Britain, but scarcely an author could be like Austen. She opposed marriage for money, as well as regarding marriage as play game. She emphasized importance ideal marriage, and thought that ideal marriage was base on sensation between girl and boy. In Pride and Prejudice, Austen put marriage into all kinds of ocial and economic relationship from beginning to end, exposing the money--essence of s capitalism marriage system so deeply. In brief, it is money that determines everybody’s life and fate, especially marriage. True love is important for marriage. Conversely, money is the material security for the life. As for its pragmatic meaning, it could be forceful and penetrating. No wonder that David Dax, a western Marxism critic said, in the aspect of exposing “the economics of human beings’ behavior”, Jane Austen, “to some extent, had been a Marxist before Marx’s being born.”. 15 References 1 Austen Jane•1994•Pride and Prejudice • Penguin Popular Classics. 2 Watt Ian (Editor) •Jane Austen •A Collection of Critical Essays. 3 Rubinstein Annette Great Tradition in Literature from Shakespeare to Austen•1967. 4 Sampson George • The Concise Cambridge History of English Literature•1988. 5 Thornley G. C. and Roberts Gwyneth, An Outline of English Literature, Longman World Publishing Corporation, 1984. 6 常耀信•英国文学简史[M] •南开大学出版社•2000. 7 简.奥斯汀•傲慢与偏见[M] •内蒙古•内蒙古人民出版社•2002. 8 李银河•女性权力的崛起[M] •北京•中国社会科学出版社•1997. 9 王守仁•英国文学选读[M] • 北京•高等教育出版社•2005. 10 王佐良•英国文学论文集[M] •沈阳•北方文艺出版社•1984. 哈尔滨商业大学德强商务学院毕业论文 Acknowledgements My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Professor Li, my supervisor, for his constant encouragement and guidance. He has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without his consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its present form. Last my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis. 17