1972国际海上避碰规则

1972国际海上避碰规则 1972国际海上避碰规则 International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 第一章 总 则 PARTA-GENERAL 第一条 适用范围 Rule1 Application 1.本规则条款适用于公海和连接于公海而可供海船航行的一切水域中的一切船舶。 These Rule shall apply to all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels 2.本规则条款不妨碍有关主管机关为连接于公海而可供海船航行的任何港外锚地、港口、江 河、湖泊或内陆水道所制订的特殊规定的实施。这种特殊规定，应尽可能符合本规则条款。 Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of special rules made by an appropriate authority for roadsteads, harbours, rivers, leaks or inland waterways connected with the high seas and navigable by seagoing vessels. Such special rules shall conform as closely as possible to these Rules. 3.本规则条款不妨碍各国政府为军舰及护航下的船舶所制订的关于额外的队形灯、信号灯、 号型或笛或者为结队从事捕鱼的渔船所制订的关于额外的队形灯、信号灯、号型的任何特殊 规定的实施。这些额外的队形灯、信号灯、号型或笛号，应尽可能不致被误认为本规则其他 条文所规定的任何号灯、号型或信号。 Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the Government of any State with respect to additional station or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals for ships of war and vessels proceeding under convoy, or with respect to additional station or signal lights or shapes for fishing vessels engaged in fishing as a fleet. These additional station or signal lights, shape or whistle signals shall, so far as possible, be such that they cannot be mistaken for any light, shape or signal authorized elsewhere under these Rules. 4.为实施本规则，本组织可以采纳分道通航制。 Traffic separation schemes may be adopted by the Organization for the purpose of these Rules. 5.凡经有关政府确定，某种特殊构造或用途的船舶，如不能完全遵守本规则任何一条关于号 灯或号型的数量、位置、能见距离或弧度以及声号设备的配置和特性的规定时，则应遵守其 政府在号灯或号型的数量、位置、能见距离或弧度以及声号设备的配置和特性方面为之另行 确定的尽可能符合本规则条款要求的规定。 Whenever the Government concerned shall have determined that a vessel of special construction or purpose cannot comply fully with the provisions of any of these Rules with respect to the number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signaling appliances, such vessel shall comply with such other provisions in regard to the number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characterisitics of sound-signaling appliances, as her Government shall have determined to be the closest possible compliance with these Rules in respect of that vessel. 第二条 责 任 Responsibility 1.本规则条款并不免除任何船舶或其所有人、船长或船员由于遵守本规则条款的任何疏忽， 或者按海员通常做法或当时特殊情况所要求的任何戒备上的疏忽而产生的各种后果的责任。 Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to comply with these Rules or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case. 2.在解释和遵守本规则条款时，应充分考虑一切航行和碰撞的危险以及包括当事船舶条件限 制在内的任何特殊情况，这些危险和特殊情况可能需要背离本规则条款以避免紧迫危险。 In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances, including the limitations of the vessels involved, which may make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger. 第三条 一般定义 General Definitions 除条文另有解释外，在本规则中: For the purpose of these Rules,except where the context otherwise requires: 1.“船舶”一词，指用作或者能够用作水上运输工具的各类水上船筏，包括非排水船筏和水上 飞机。 The word "vessel" includes every description of water craft. including non-displacement craft and seaplanes, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water. 2.“机动船”一词，指用机器推进的任何船舶。 The term "power-driven vessel" means any vessel propelled by machinery. 3.“帆船”一词，指任何使帆的船舶，如果装有推进器但不在使用。 The term "sailing vessel" means any vessel under sail provided that propelling machinery, if fitted, is not being used. 4.“从事捕鱼的船舶”一词，指使用网具、绳钓、拖网或其他使其操纵能力受到限制的渔具捕 鱼的任何船舶，但不包括使用曳绳钓或其他并不使其操纵能力受到限制的渔具捕鱼的船舶。 The term "vessel engaged in fishing" means any vessel fishing with nets, lines, trawls or other fishing apparatus which restrict manoeuvrability, but dose not include a vessel fishing with trolling lines or other fishing apparatus which do not restrict manoeuvrability. 5.“水上飞机”一词，包括为能在水面操纵而设计的任何航空器。 The word "seaplane" includes any aircraft designed to manoeuvre on the water. 6.“失去控制的船舶”一词，指由于某种异常情况，不能按本规则条款的要求进行操纵，因而 不能给他船让路的船舶。 The term "vessel not under command" means a vessel which through some exceptional circumstance is unable to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel. 7.“操纵能力受到限制的船舶”一词，指由于工作性质，使其按本规则条款的要求进行操纵的 能力受到限制，因而不能给他船让路的船舶。“操纵能力受到限制的船舶”一词应包括，但不 限于下列船舶: The term "vesssel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre" means a vessel which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel. The term "vessels restricted in their ability to manoeuvre" shall include but not be limited to: (1)从事敷设、维修或起捞助航标志、海底电缆或管道的船舶; a vessel engaged in laying, servicing or picking up a navigation mark,submarine cable or pipeline; (2)从事疏浚、测量或水下作业的船舶; a vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater operations; (3)在航中从事补给或转运人员、食品或货物的船舶; a vessel engaged in replenishment or transferring persons, provisions or cargo while underway; (4)从事发放或回收航空器的船舶; a vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of aircraft; (5)从事清除水雷作业的船舶; a vessel engaged in mine clearance operations; (6)从事拖带作业的船舶，而该项拖带作业使该拖船及其被拖物体驶离其航向的能力严 重受到限制者。 a vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course. 8.“限于吃水的船舶”一词，指由于吃水与可航行水域的水深和宽度的关系，致使其驶离航向 的能力严重地受到限制的机动船。 The term "vessel constrained by her draught" means a power-driven vessel which, because of her draught in relation to the available depth and width of navigable water, is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following. 9.“在航”一词，指船舶不在锚泊、系岸或搁浅。 The word "underway" means that a vessel is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground. 10.船舶的“长度”和“宽度”是指其总长度和最大宽度。 The words "length" and "breadth" of a vessel mean her length overall and greatest breadth. 11.只有当一船能自他船以视觉看到时，才应认为两船时在互见中。 Vessel shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when one can be observed visually from the other. 12.“能见度不良”一词，指任何由于雾、霾、下雪、暴风雨、沙暴或任何其他类似原因而使 能见度受到限制的情况。 The term "restricted visibility" means any condition in which visibility is restricted by fog, mist, falling snow,heavy rainstorms, sandstorms or any other similar causes. 第二章 驾驶和航行规则 PART B-STEERING AND SAILING RULES 第一节 船舶在任何能见度情况下的行动规则 SECTION 1-CONDUCT OF VESSELS IN ANY CONDITION OF VISIBILITY 第四条 适用范围 Application 本节条款适用于任何能见度的情况。 Rules in this Section apply in any condition of visibility. 第五条 瞭望 Look-out 每一船在任何时候都应使用视觉、听觉以及适合当时环境和情况的一切有效手段保持正 规的瞭望，以便对局面和碰撞危险作出充分的估计。 Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision. 第六条 安全航速 Safe Speed 每一船舶在任何时候都应以安全航速行驶，以便能采取适当而有效的避碰行动，并能在 适合当时环境和情况的距离内把船停住。 Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions. 在决定安全航速时，考虑的因素中应包括下列各点: In determining a safe speed the following factors shall be among those taken into account: 1.对所有的船 By all vessels 1) 能见度情况; the state of visibility; 2) 通航密度，包括渔船或者任何其他船舶的密集程度; the traffic density including concentrations of fishing vessels or any other vessels; 3) 船舶的操纵性能，特别是在当时情况下的冲程和旋回性能; the manoeuvrability of the vessel with special reference to stopping distance and turning ability in the prevailing conditions; 4) 夜间出现的背景亮光，诸如来自岸上的灯光或本船灯光的反响散射; at night the presence of background light such as from shore lights or from back scatter of her own lights; 5) 风、浪和流的状况以及靠近航海危险物的情况; the state of wind, sea and current, and the proximity of navigational hazards; 6) 吃水与可用水深的关系。 the draught in relation to the available depth of water. 2.对备有可使用的雷达的船舶，还应考虑: Additionally, by vessels with operational radar: 1) 雷达设备的特性、效率和局限性; the characteristics, efficiency and limitations of the radar equipment; 2) 所选用的雷达距离标尺带来的任何限制; any constraints imposed by the radar range scale in use; 3) 海况、天气和其他干扰源对雷达探测的影响; the effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather and other sources of interference; 4) 在适当距离内，雷达对小船、浮冰和其他漂浮物又探测不到的可能性; the possibility that small vessels, ice and other floating objects may noe be detected by radar at an adequate range; 5) 雷达探测到的船舶数目、位置和动态; the number, location and movement of vessels detected by radar; 6) 当用雷达测定附近船舶或其他物体的距离时，可能对能见度作出更确切的估计。 the more exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible when radar is used to determine the range of vessels or other objects in the vicinity. 第七条 碰撞危险 Risk of Collision 1.每一船都应使用适合当时环境和情况的一切有效手段断定是否存在碰撞危险，如有任何怀 疑，则应认为存在这种危险。 Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions to determine if risk of collision exists. If there is any doubt such risk shall be deemed to exist. 2.如装有雷达设备并可以使用的话，则应正确予以使用，包括远距离扫描，以便获得碰撞危 险的早期警报，并对探测到的物标进行雷达标绘或与其相当的系统观察。 Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational,including long-range scanning to obtain early warning of risk of collision and radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects. 3.不应当根据不充分的资料，特别是不充分的雷达观测资料作出推断。 Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty information, especially scanty radar information. 4.在断定是否存在碰撞危险时，考虑的因素中应包括下列各点: In determining if risk of collision exists the following considerations shall be among those taken into account; 1) 如果来船的罗经方位没有明显的变化，则应认为存在这种危险; such risk shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing of an approaching vessel dose not appreciably change; 2) 即使有明显的方位变化，有时也可能存在这种危险，特别是在驶近一艘很大的船或拖带 船组时，或是在近距离驶近他船时。 such risk may sometimes exist even when an appreciable bearing change is evident, particularly when approaching a very large vessel or a tow or when approaching a vessel at close range. 第八条 避免碰撞的行动 Action to Avoid Collision