2002年英语专八试卷真题及答案详解

2002年专业英语八级考试真 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 试卷及 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 详解 ●试卷一 (95 min) Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (40 min) In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your Coloured Answer Sheet. SECTION A TALK Questions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section .At the end of the talk you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the talk. 1. According to the passage, during the 18th and 19th centuries cities were small in size mainly because ___. A. the urban population was stable B. few people lived in cities C. transport was backward D. it was originally planned 2. Cities survived in those days largely as a result of ___. A. the trade activities they undertook B. the agricultural activities in the nearby areas C. their relatively small size D. the non-economic roles they played 3. City dwellers were engaged in all the following economic activities EXCEPT ___. A. commerce B. distribution C. processing D. transportation 4. Urban people left cities for the following reasons EXCEPT ___. A. more economic opportunities B. a freer social and political environment C. more educational opportunities D. a more relaxed religious environment 5. Why did the early cities fail to grow as quickly as expected throughout the 18th century? A. Because the countryside attracted more people. B. Because cities did not increase in number. C. Because the functions of the cities changed. D. Because the number of city people was stable. SECTION B INTERVIEW Questions 6 to 10 are based on an interview .At the end of the interview you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 6. According to Janet, the factor that would most affect negotiations is ___. A. English language proficiency B. different cultural practices C. different negotiation tasks D. the international Americanized style 7. Janet’s attitude towards the Americanized style as a model for business negotiations is ___. A. supportive B. negative C. ambiguous D. cautious 8. Which of the following can NOT be seen as a difference between Brazilian and American negotiators? A. Americans prepare more points before negotiations. B. Americans are more straightforward during negotiations. C. Brazilians prefer more eye contact during negotiations. D. Brazilians seek more background information. 9. Which group of people seems to be the most straightforward? A. The British. B. Germans. C. Americans. D. Not mentioned. 10. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Japanese negotiators? A. Reserved. B. Prejudiced. C. Polite. D. Prudent. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Question 11 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news. 11. The news item is mainly about ___. A. a call for research papers to be read at the conference B. an international conference on traditional Tibetan medicine C. the number of participants at the conference and their nationalities D. the preparations made by the sponsors for the international conference Questions 12 and 13 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news. 12. The news item mainly concerns ___ in Hong Kong. A. Internet centres B. an IBM seminar C. e-government D. broadcasting 13. The aims of the three policy objectives include all the following EXCEPT ___. A. improvement of government efficiency B. promotion of e-commerce C. integration of service delivery D. formulation of Digital 21 Strategy Questions 14 and 15 are based on the following news .At the end of the news item , you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news. 14. Which of the following records was the second best time of the year by Donovan Bailey? A.9.98. B.9.80. C.9.91. D.9.95. 15. The record shows that Bailey was ___. A. still suffering from an injury B. getting back in shape C. unable to compete with Greene D. less confident than before SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING Fill in each of the gaps with ONE word. You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. Study Activities in University In order to help college and university students in the process of learning, four key study activities have been designed and used to encourage them to make knowledge their own. 1. Essay writing: central focus of university work esp. in the humanities, e.g.(l) ___. benefits: 1) helping to select interesting content in books and to express understanding. 2 ) enabling teachers to know progress and to offer(2) ___. 3) familiarizing students with exam forms. 2. Seminars and classroom discussion: another form to internalize knowledge in specialized contexts. benefits: 1) (3)___ enables you to know the effectiveness of and others’response to your speech immediately. 2) Within the same period of time, more topics can be dealt with than in(4) ___. 3) The use of a broader range of knowledge is encouraged. 3. Individual tutorials: a substitute for group discussion. format: from teacher (5)___ to flexible conversation. benefit: encouraging ideas and interaction. 4. Lectures: a most (6) ___.used study activity. disadvantages: 1 ) less (7)___ than discussions or tutorials. 2) more demanding in note-taking. advantages: 1) providing a general (8)___ of a subject under discussion. 2) offering more easily understood versions of a theory. 3) updating students on (9)___ developments. 4) allowing students to follow different (10) ___. 1.___ 2.___ 3.___ 4.___ 5.___ 6.___ 7.___ 8.___ 9.___ 10.___ Part Ⅱ Proofreading and Error Correction (15 min) The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. For a wrong word,underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/’ and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line. Example When∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an it never/ buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never them on the wall. When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibit There are great impediments to the general use of a standard in pronunciation comparable to that existing in spelling (orthography). One is the fact that pronunciation is learnt ‘naturally’ and unconsciously, and orthography is learnt 1.___ deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact, remain throughout our lives quite unconscious with what our 2.___ speech sounds like when we speak out, and it often comes as a 3.___ shock when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a 4.___ voice we recognize at once, whereas our own handwriting is something which we almost always know. We begin the 5.___ ‘natural’ learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read or write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously 6.___ imitating and practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many more hours per every day than we ever have to spend 7.___ learning even our difficult English spelling. This is ‘natural’, 8.___ therefore, that our speech-sounds should be those of our immediate circle; after all, as we have seen, speech operates as a means of holding a community and giving a sense of 9.___ ’belonging’. We learn quite early to recognize a ’stranger’, someone who speaks with an accent of a different community- perhaps only a few miles far. 10.___ Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 min) SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 min) In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your Coloured Answer Sheet. TEXT A Do you ever feel as though you spend all your time in meetings? Henry Mintzberg, in his book The Nature of Managerial Work , found that in large organizations managers spent 22 per cent of their time at their desk, 6 percent on the telephone, 3 per cent on other activities, but a whopping 69 per cent in meetings. There is a widely-held but mistaken belief that meetings are for “solving problems” and “making decisions. ” For a start, the number of people attending a meeting tends to be inversely proportional to their collective ability to reach conclusions and make decisions. And these are the least important elements. Instead hours are devoted to side issues, playing elaborate games with one another. It seems, therefore, that meetings serve some purpose other than just making decisions. All meetings have one thing in common: role-playing. The most formal role is that of chairman. He sets the agenda, and a good chairman will keep the meeting running on time and to the point. Sadly, the other, informal role-players are often able to gain the upper hand. Chief is the “constant talker”, who just l oves to hear his or her own voice. Then there ar e the “can’t do” types who want to maintain the status quo. Since they have often been in the organization for a long time, they frequently quote historical experience as an excuse to block change: “It won’t work, we tried that last year and it was a disas ter.” A more subtle version of the “can’t do” type, the “yes, but… ” has emerged recently. They have learnt about the need to sound positive, but they still can’t bear to have things change. Another whole sub-set of characters are people who love meetings and want them to continue until 5:30 pm or beyond. Irrelevant issues are their specialty. They need to call or attend meetings, either to avoid work, or to justify their lack of performance, or simply because they do not have enough to do. Then there are the “counter-dependents”, those who usually disagree with everything that is said, particularly if it comes from the chairman or through consensus from the group. These people need to fight authority in whatever form. Meetings can also provide attenders with a sense of identification of their status and power. In this ease, managers arrange meetings as a means of communicating to others the boundaries of their exclusive club: who is “in”, and who is not. Because so many meetings end in confusion and without a decision, another game is played at the end of meetings, called reaching a false consensus. Since it is important for the chairman to appear successful in problem-solving and making a decision, the group reaches a false consensus. Everyone is happy, having s pent their time productively. The reality is that the decision is so ambiguous that it is never acted upon, or, if it is, there is continuing conflict, for which another meeting is necessary. In the end, meetings provide the opportunity for social intercourse, to engage in battle in front of our bosses, to avoid unpleasant or unsatisfying work, to highlight our social status and identity. They are, in fact, a necessary though not necessarily productive psychological sideshow. Perhaps it is our civilized way to moderating, if not preventing, change. 16. On role-playing, the passage seems to indicate that chairman ___. A. talks as much as participants B. is usually a “constant talker” C. prefers to take the role of an observer D. is frequently outshone by participants 17. Which of the following is NOT a distinct characteristic of the three types of participants? A. Submissiveness. B. Stubbornness. C. Disobedience. D. Lack of focus. 18. The passage suggests that a false consensus was reached at the end of a meeting in order to ___. A. make room for another meeting B. bring an illusory sense of achievement C. highlight the importance of a meeting D. go ahead with the agreed programme TEXT B Cooperative competition. Competitive cooperation. Confused? Airline alliances have travellers scratching their heads over what’ s going on in the skies. Some fol ks view alliances as a blessing to travellers, offering seamless travel, reduced fares and enhanced frequent-flyer benefits. Others see a conspiracy of big businesses, causing decreased competition, increased fares and fewer choices. Whatever your opinion, there’s no escaping airline alliances: the marketing hype is unrelenting, with each of the two mega-groupings, Oneworld and Star Alliance, promoting itself as the best choice for all travellers. And, even if you turn away from their ads, chances are they will figure in any of your travel plans. By the end of the year, Oneworld and Star Alliance will between them control more than 40% of the traffic in the sky. Some pundits predict that figure will be more like 75% in 10 years. But why, after years of often ferocious competition, have airlines decided to band together? Let’s just say the timing is mutually convenient. North American airlines, having exhausted all means of earning customer loyalty at home, have been looking for ways to reach out to foreign flyers. Asian carders are still hurting from the region-wide economic downturn that began two years ago——just when some of the airlines were taking delivery of new aircraft. Alliances also allow carriers to cut costs and increase profits by pooling manpower resources on the ground (rather than each airline maintaining its own ground crew) and code -sharing——the practice of two partners selling tickets and operating only one aircraft. So alliances are terrific for airlines-but are they good for the passenger? Absolutely, say the airlines: think of the lounges, the joint FFP (frequent flyer programme) benefits, the round-the-world fares, and the global service networks. Then there’s the promise of “seamless” travel : the ability to, say, travel from Singapore to Rome to New York to Rio de Janiero, all on one ticket, without having to wait hours for connections or worry about your bags. Sounds utopian? Peter Buecking, Cathay Pacific’ s director of sales and marketing, thinks that seamless travel is still evolving. “It’s fair to say that these links are only in their infancy. The key to seamlessness rests in infrastructure and information sharing. We’re working on this. ” Henry Ma, spokesperson for Star Alliance in Hong Kong, lists some of the other benefits for consumers: “Global travellers have an easier time making connections and planning their itineraries.” Ma claims alliances also assure passengers consistent service standards. Critics of alliances say the much-touted benefits to the consumer are mostly pie in the sky, that alliances are all about reducing costs for the airlines, rationalizing services and running joint marketing programmes. Jeff Blyskal, associate editor of Consumer Reports magazine, says the promotional ballyhoo over alliances is much ado about nothing. “I don’t see much of a gain for consumers:alliances are just a marketing gimmick. And as far as seamless travel goes, I’ll believe it when I see it. Mos t airlines can’t even get their own connections under control, let alone coordinate with another airline.” Blyskal believes alliances will ultimately result in decreased flight choices and increased costs for consumers. Instead of two airlines competing and each operating a flight on the same route at 70% capacity, the allied pair will share the route and run one full flight. Since fewer seats will be available, passengers will be obliged to pay more for tickets. The truth about alliances and their merits probably lies somewhere between the travel utopia presented by the players and the evil empires portrayed by their critics. And how much they affect you depends on what kind of traveller you are. Those who’ve already made the elite grade in the FFP of a major airline stand to benefit the most when it joins an alliance: then they enjoy the FFP perks and advantages on any and all of the member carriers. For example, if you’re a Marco Polo Club “gold” member of Cathay Pacific’s Asia Miles FFP, you will auto matically be treated as a valuable customer by all members of Oneworld, of which Cathay Pacific is a member—even if you’ve never flown with them before. For those who haven’t made the top grade in any FFP, alliances might be a way of simplifying the earning of frequent flyer miles. For example, I belong to United Airline’s Mileage Plus and generally fly less than 25, 000 miles a year. But I earn miles with every flight I take on Star Alliance member — All Nippon Airways and Thai Airways. If you fly less than I do, you might be smarter to stay out of the FFP game altogether. Hunt for bargains when booking flights and you might be able to save enough to take that extra trip anyway. The only real benefit infrequent flyers can draw from an alliance is an inexpensive round-the-world fare. The bottom line: for all the marketing hype, alliances aren’t all things to all people-but everybody can get some benefit out of them. 19. Which is the best word to describe air travellers’ reaction to airline alliances? A. Delight. B. Indifference. C. Objection. D. Puzzlement 20. According to the passage, setting up airline alliances will chiefly benefit ___. A. North American airlines and their domestic travellers B. North American airlines and their foreign counterparts C. Asian airlines and their foreign travellers D. Asian airlines and their domestic travellers 21. Which of the following is NOT a perceived advantage of alliances? A. Baggage allowance. B. Passenger comfort. C. Convenience. D. Quality. 22. One disadvantage of alliances foreseen by the critics is that air travel may be mere expensive as a result of ___. A. less convenience B. higher operation costs C. less competition D. more joint marketing 23. According to the passage, which of the following categories of travellers will gain most from airline alliances? A. Travellers who fly frequently economy class. B. Travellers who fly frequently business class. C. Travellers who fly occasionally during holidays. D. Travellers who fly economy class once in a while. TEXT C It is nothing new that English use is on the rise around the world, especially in business circles. This also happens in France, the headquarters of the g lobal battle against American cultural hegemony. If French guys are giving in to English, something really big must be going on. And something big is going on. Partly, it’s that American hegemony. Didier Benchimol, CEO of a French e-commerce software company, feels compelled to speak English perfectly because the Internet software business is dominated by Americans. He and other French businessmen also have to speak English because they want to get their message out to American investors, possessors of the world’s deepest pockets. The triumph of English in France and elsewhere in Europe, however, may rest on something more enduring. As they become entwined with each other politically and economically, Europeans need a way to talk to one another and to the rest of the world. And for a number of reasons, they’ve decided upon English as their common tongue. So when German chemical and pharmaceutical company Hoechst merged with French competitor Rhone Poulenc last year, the companies chose the vaguely Latinate Aventis as the new company name—and settled on English as the company’s common language. When monetary policymakers from around Europe began meeting at the European Central Bank in Frankfurt last year to set interest rates for the new Euroland, they held their deliberations in English. Even the European Commission, with 11 official languages and a traditionally French-speaking bureaucracy, effectively switched over to English as its working language last year. How did this happen? One school attributes English’s great success to the sheer weight of its merit. It’s a Germanic language, brought to Britain around the fifth century A. D. During the four centuries of French-speaking rule that followed Norman Conquest of 1066, the language morphed into something else entirely. French words were added wholesale, and most of the complications of Germanic grammar were shed while few of the complications of French were added. The result is a language with a huge vocabulary and a simple grammar that can express most things more efficiently than either of its parents. What’s more, English has remained ungoverned and open to change—foreign words, coinages, and grammatical shifts—in a way that French, ruled by the purist Academic Francaise, has not. So it’s a swell language, especially for business. But the rise of English over the past few centuries clearly owes at least as much to history and economics as to the language’s ability to economically express the concept win-win. What happened is that the competition—first Latin, then French, then, briefly, German—faded with the waning of the political, economic, and military fortunes of, respectively, the Catholic Church, France, and Germany. All along, English was increasing in importance: Britain was the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution, and London the world’s most important financial centre, which made English a key language for business. E ngland’s colonies around the world also made it the language with the most global reach. And as that former colony the U. S. rose to the status of the world’s preeminent political, economic, military, and cultural power, English became the obvious second language to learn. In the 1990s more and more Europeans found themselves forced to use English. The last generation of business and government leaders who hadn’t studied English in school was leaving the stage. The European Community was adding new members and evolving from a paper-shuffling club into a serious regional government that would need a single common language if it were ever to get anything done. Meanwhile, economic barriers between European nations have been disappearing, meaning that more and more companies are beginning to look at the whole continent as their domestic market. And then the Internet came along. The Net had two big impacts. One was that it was an exciting, potentially lucrative new industry that had its roots in the U.S., so if you wanted to get in on it, you had to speak some English. The other was that by surfing the Web, Europeans who had previously encountered English only in school and in pop songs w ere now coming into contact with it daily. None of this means English has taken over European life. According to the European Union, 47% of Western Europeans (including the British and Irish)speak English well enough to carry on a conversation. That’s a lot more than those who can speak German (32% ) or French (28%), but it still means more Europeans don’ t speak the language. If you want to sell shampoo or cell phones, you have to do it in French or German or Spanish or Greek. Even the U. S. and British media companies that stand to benefit most from the spread of English have been hedging their bets—CNN broadcasts in Spanish; the Financial Times has recently launched a daily German-language edition. But just look at who speaks English: 77% of Western European college students, 69% of managers, and 65% of those aged 15 to 24. In the secondary schools of the European Union’s non-English-speaking countries, 91 % of students study English, all of which means that the transition to English as the language of European business hasn’t been all that traumatic, and it’s only going to get easier in the future. 24. In the author’s opinion, what really underlies the rising status of Englis h in France and Europe is ___. A. American dominance in the Internet software business B. a practical need for effective communication among Europeans C. Europeans’ eagerness to do business with American businessmen D. the recent trend for foreign companies to merge with each other 25. Europeans began to favour English for all the following reasons EXCEPT its ___. A. inherent linguistic properties B. association with the business world C. links with the United States D. disassociation from political changes 26. Which of the following statements forecasts the continuous rise of English in the future? A. About half of Western Europeans are now proficient in English. B. U. S. and British media companies are operating in Western Europe. C. Most secondary school students in Europe study English. D. Most Europeans continue to use their own language. 27. The passage mainly examines the factors related to ___. A. the rising status of English in Europe B. English learning in non-English-speaking E. U. nations C. the preference for English by European businessmen D. the switch from French to English in the European Commission TEXT D As humankind moves into the third millennium, it can rightfully claim to have broken new ground in its age-old quest to master the environment. The fantastic achievements of modern technology and the speed at which scientific discoveries are translated into technological applications attest to the triumph of human endeavour. At the same time, however, some of these applications threaten to unleash forces over which we have no control. In other words, the new technology man now believes allows him to dominate this wider cosmos could well be a Frankenstein monster waiting to turn on its master. This is an entirely new situation that promises to change many of the perceptions governing life on the planet. The most acute challenges facing the future are likely to be not only those pitting man against his fellow man, but those involving human kind’s struggle to preserve the environment and ensure the sustainability of life on earth. A conflict waged to ensure the survival of the human species is bound to bring humans closer together. Technological progress has thus proved to be a double-edged sword, giving rise to a new form of conflict: a clash between Man and Nature. The new conflict is more dangerous than the traditional one between man and his fellow man, where the protagonists at least shared a common language. But when it comes to the reactions of the ecosystems to the onslaught of modern technology, there is no common language. Nature reacts with weather disturbances, with storms and earthquakes, with mutant viruses and bacteria—that is, with phenomena having no apparent cause and effect relationship with the modern technology that supposedly triggers them. As technology becomes ever more potent and nature reacts ever more violently, there is an urgent need to rethink how best to deal with the growing contradictions between Man and Nature. For a start, the planet, and hence all its inhabitants, must be perceived as an integral whole, not as a dichotomous mass divided geographically into the rich and developed and the poor and underdeveloped. Today, globalization encompasses the whole world and deals with it as an integral unit. It is no longer possible to say that conflict has shifted from its traditional east-west axis to a north-south axis. The real divide today is between summit and base, between the higher echelons of the international political structure and its grassroots level, between governments and NGOs, between state and civil society, between public and private enterprise. The mesh structure is particularly obvious on the Internet. While it is true that to date the Internet seems to be favouring the most developed sectors of the international community over the less developed, this need not always be the case. Indeed, it could eventually overcome the disparities between the privileged and the underdeveloped. On the other hand, the macro-world in which we live is exposed to distortions because of the unpredictable side-effects of a micro-world we do not and cannot totally control. This raises the need for a global system of checks and balances, for mandatory rules and constraints in our dealings with Nature, in short, for a new type of veto designed to manage what is increasingly becoming a main contradiction of our time: the one between technology and ecology. A new type of international machinery must be set in place to cope with the new challenges. We need a new look at the harnessing of scientific discoveries, to maximize their positive effects for the promotion of humanity as a whole and to minimize their negative effects. We need an authority with veto powers to forbid practices conducive to decreasing the ozone hole, the propagation of AIDS, global warming, desertification—an authority that will tackle such global problems. There should be no discontinuity in the global machinery responsible for world order. The UN in its present form may fall far short of what is required of it, and it may be undemocratic and detrimental to most citizens in the world, but its absence would be worse. And se we have to hold on to the international organization even as we push forward for its complete restructuring. Our best hope would be that the functions of the present United Nations are gradually taken over by the new machinery of veto power representing genuine democratic globalization. 28. The mention of Man’s victory over Nature at the beginning of the passage is to highlight ___. A. a new form of conflict B. Man’s creative powers C. the role of modern technology D. Man’s ground-breaking work 29. According to the passage, which is NOT a responsibility of the proposed international authority? A. Monitoring effects of scientific discoveries. B. Dealing with worldwide environmental issues. C. Vetoing human attempts to conquer Nature. D. Authorizing efforts to improve human health. 30. When commenting on the present role of the UN, the author expresses his ___. A. dissatisfaction B. disillusionment C. objection D. doubt 试卷二 (120 min) Part Ⅳ Translation (60 min) SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE. 大自然对人的恩赐,无论贫富,一律平等。所以人们对于大自然,全都一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间,上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄,酿酒和饮酒,喂牛和挤奶,锄草和栽花;在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜,在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌;往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样,每个地方都有自己的传说,风俗也就衍传了下来。 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Translate the following underlined part of the text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE. The word “winner ”and “loser” have many meanings. When we refer t o a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentic any by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society. Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask. Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and don’t pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them. Winners do not play “helpless”, nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives. Part Ⅴ W riting (60 min) All of us would agree that in order to be successful in the present-day society, we university graduates have to possess certain personal qualities that can enable us to realize our aim. What do you think is the most important personal quality of a university graduate? Write a composition of about 300 words on the following topic: THE MOST IMPORTANT PERSONAL QUALITY OF A UNIVERSITY STUDENT In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. 2002年英语专业八级考试答案详解 听力原文 PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A TALK The first area in American urban history extended from the early 17th century to about 1840. Throughout those years the total urban population remained small and so with the cities. At the first federal census in 1790, city dwellers made up nearly 5.1% of the total population and only two places had more than 25,000 inhabitants. Fifty years later only 10.8% of the national population fell into the urban category and only one city, New York, contained more than 250,000 people. Largely because of the unsophisticated modes of transportation, even the more populous places in the early 19th century remained small enough that people could easily walk from one end of the city to the other in those days. Though smaller in modern standards these walking cities, as it were, performed a variety of functions in those days. One was economic. Throughout the pre-modern era, this part of urban life remained so overwhelmingly commercial that almost every city owed its development to trade. Yet city dwellers concerned themselves not only with promoting agricultural activities in their own areas, they also collected and processed goods from these areas and distributed them to other cities. From the beginning line and increasingly in the 18th and early 19th centuries, cities served as centres of both commerce and simple manufacturing. Apart from the economical functions, the early cities also had important non-economic functions to play. Since libraries, museums, schools and colleges were built and needed people to go there to visit or to study, cities and the large early towns with their concentration of population tended to serve as centres of educational activities and as places from which information was spread to the countryside. In addition, the town with people of different occupational, ethnic, racial and religious affiliations became focuses of formal and informal organizations which were set up to foster the security and to promote the interests and influence of each group. In those days the pre-industrial city in America functioned as a complex and varied organizing element in American life, not as a simple, heterogeneous and sturdy union. The variety of these early cities was reinforced by the nature of their location and by the process of town spreading. Throughout the pre-industrial period of American history, the city occupied sites on the eastern portion of the then largely under-developed continent, and settlement on the countryside generally followed the expansion of towns in that region. The various interest groups in each city tended to compete with their counterparts in other cities for economic, social and political control first nearby and later more distant and larger areas. And always there remained the underdeveloped regions to be developed through the establishment of new towns by individuals and groups. These individuals and groups sought economic opportunities or looked for a better social, political or religious atmosphere. In this sense, the cities better developed a succession of urban frontiers. While this kind of circumstance made Americans one of the most prolific and self-conscious city-building peoples of their time, it did not retard the steadily urbanizing society in the sense that decade by decade an ever larger proportion of the people lived in cities. In 1680 an estimated 9 to 10 percent of American colonists lived in urban settlements. A century later, that was the end of the 18th century, though 24 places had 2500 persons or more, city dwellers accounted for only 5.1% of the total population. For the next thirty years, the proportion remained relatively stable and it was not until 1830 that the urban figure moved back up to the level of 1690. In short, as the number of cities increased after 1680, they sent large numbers of people into the countryside and their ratainers. Nonetheless the continuous movement of people into and out of the cities made life in the many but relatively small places lively and stimulating. SECTION B INTERVIEW M: I’m talking to Janet Holmes who has spent many years negotiating for several well-known national and multi-national companies. Hello, Janet. W: Hello. M:Now Janet, you’ve experienced and observed the negotiation strategies used by people from different countries and speakers of different languages. So before we comment on the differences, could I ask you to comment, first of all, on what such encounters have in common? W:OK, well, I’m just going to focus on the situations where people are speaking English in international business situations. M: I see. Now, not every one speaks to the same degree of proficiency. Maybe that affects the situation. W: Yes, perhaps. But that is not always so significant. Well, because, I mean, negotiations between business partners from different countries normally mean we have negotiations between individuals who belong to distinct cultural traditions. M: Oh, I see. W: Well, every individual has a different way of performing various tasks in everyday life. M: Yes, but, but isn’t it the case that in the business negotiation, they must come together and wo rk together to a certain extent. I mean, doesn’t that level up the style of, the style of differences or somewhat? W: Oh, I am not so sure. I mean there’re people in the so-called Western World who say that in the course of the past 30 or 40 years, there are a lot of things that have changed a great deal globally, and that as a consequence, national differences had diminished, giving way to some sort of international Americanized style. M: Yeah, I’ve heard that. Now some people say this Americanized style has acted as a model for local patterns. W: Maybe it has, maybe it hasn’t. Because on the one hand, there does appear to be a fairly unified even uniform style of doing business with certain basic principles and preferences, you know, like “time is money”, that sort of thing. But at the same time, it is very important to remember the way all retain aspects of national characteristics. But it is the actual behaviour that we will talk about here. We shouldn’t be too quick to generalize that to national char acteristic and stylistic type. It doesn’t help much. M: Yeah. You mentioned Americanized style. What is particular about American style of business bargaining or negotiating? W: Well, I’ve noticed that, for example, when Americans negotiate with people from Brazil, the American negotiators make their points in a direct, sophistical way. M: I see. W: While Brazilians make their points in a more indirect way. M: How? W: Let me give you an example. Brazilian importers look at people they’re talking to straight in the eyes a lot. They spend time on what some people thinks to be background information. They seem to be more indirect.M: Then, what about the American negotiators? W: American style of negotiating, on the other hand, is far more like that of point-making; first point, second point, third point, and so on. Now of course, this isn’t the only way in which one can negotiate and there’s absolutely no reason why this should be considered as the best way to negotiate. M: Right. Americans seem to hav e a different style, say, even from the British, don’t they? W: Exactly, which just show how careful you must be about generalizing. I mean, how about asking you explain how the American negotiators are seen as informal, and sometimes much too open. For British eyes, Americans are too direct even blunt. M: Is that so? W: Yeah, at the same time, the British too. German negotiators can appear direct and uncompromising in the negotiations, and yet if you experience Germans and Americans negotiating together, it often is the Americans who are too blunt for the German negotiators. M: Fascinating! So people from different European countries use different styles, don’t they? W: That’s right. M: OK. So what about the Japanese then? I mean, is their style different from the Americans and Europeans? W: Oh, well, yes, of course. Many Europeans nod its extreme politeness of their Japanese counterpart, the way they avoid giving the slightest defense, you know. They’re also very reserved to people they don’t know w ell. At the first meetings American colleagues have difficulties in finding the right approach sometimes. But then when you meet the Japanese negotiators again, this initial impression tends to disappear. But it is perhaps true to say the average Japanese business person does choose his or her words really very carefully. M: So can we say that whatever nationalities you are dealing with, you need to remember that different nationalities negotiate in different ways? W: Well it’s perhaps more helpful to bea r in mind that different people behave in negotiating in different ways. And you shouldn’t assume that everyone will behave in the same way that you do. M: Right. It is definitely a very useful tip for our businessman who often negotiate with their overseas partners, OK, Janet, thank you very much for talking with us. W: Pleasure. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST News Item 1(For Question 11) The first International Tibetan Traditional Medicine Conference will be held July 15th to 17th in Lasa, capital c ity of Tibet autonomous region. China’s Ethnic Medicine Institute, Tibetan Bureau and Tibetan Medical College will co-host the conference. The conference has received more than 500 research papers from China and abroad. The organizing committee primarily selected 290 articles to be discussed at the conference. More than 50 foreign guests from the United States, Russia, Britain, India, Germany, France, Italy and Nepal will attend the meeting. The China mainland has sent a delegation consisting of 250 Tibetan medicine experts to the conference. News Item 2(For Questions 12-13) The government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region was actively adopting information technology and building an electronic government, a senior Hong Kong official sa id yesterday. This is an integral part of Hong Kong’s Digital 21 Strategy formulated in 1998 to make Hong Kong both a regional and world-wide internet centre, said Carrion, secretary for information technology and broadcasting. She outlined three policy objectives in developing an E-government in Hong Kong at the IBM Asian E-government Executive Seminar. The first policy objective is to develop an electronic and peopleless government so as to improve the efficiency, cost-effectiveness and quality of public service. The second is to promote the wide adoption of E-commence with the government setting a leading example. The third is, through the E-government program, to integrate service delivery across motorable departments and agencies. News Item 3(For Questions 14-15) Canadian Olympic 100-meter champion Donovan Bailey showed he was on his way back to top form on Tuesday by winning the 100-meters at the athletic meeting in Switzerland in the time of 9.98 seconds. Despite unfavorable windy conditions, Bailey recorded the second best time of the year short of the 9. 91 set by double world champion Moris Greene of the United States on May 13th in Nosoka, Japan. “I would have run 9. 80 if I’d really pushed myself. ” said Bailey, 1996 Olympic and 1995 wor ld champion. The Canadian has been fighting for form since before the Sidney Olympics, following a long-term injury which resulted in a disappointing series of starts in the season. SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING Study Activities in University Good morning, today we’ll look at some study activities carried out in university. As we know, students in colleges or universities are expected to master some academic materials that are fairly difficult to understand. However, some of them find it hard to learn some complex, abstract or unfamiliar subject matters. As a result, a central problem in higher education is how to internalize academic knowledge, that is how to make knowledge your own. In order to do so we must convert knowledge from being ot her’s knowledge to being part of our own way of thinking. Then how are we going to do it? What’s the means available to help us in the process of learning? There are four key study activities currently used in higher education to encourage students to internalize knowledge. They are the ones we are familiar with: writing essays, going to classes and seminars, having individual tutorials and listening to lectures. The four activities are long-established features of our higher education, and they are as im portant now as they were a hundred years ago. Now let’s look at the features of them one by one. First, essay writing. The central focus of university work, especially in humanities, for example in literature, history or politics, is on students’ pro ducing regular essays or papers which summarize and express their personal understanding of the topic. Then what is good about essay writing? Firstly, writing essays forces you to select what you find interesting in books and journals and to express your understanding in the coherent form. Individual written work also provides teachers with the best available guide to how you are progressing in the subject, and allows them to give advice on how to develop your strengths or counteract your weaknesses. Lastly, of course, individual written work is still the basis of almost all assessment in higher education. Written assignments familiarize you with the form your exams will take. The second key activity in colleges and universities is seminars and class discussions. Their role is to help you to internalize academic knowledge by providing such contexts so that you can talk about such difficult problems as the treatment of inflation and the unemployment in economic policy or the use of the metaphors in Shak espeare’s plays. Talking is more active than written work. In conversation you know immediately how effective you are in expressing your point and can modify what you are saying in response to people’s reactions. In addition,a normal program of between 10 to 25 classes covers far more topics than one subject. Then you can hope to manage your written work. Participating in flexible conversations across this range of issues also allows you to practise using the broader knowledge gained from other key activities such as lectures. Now let’s take a look at another activity, individual tutorials. Discussions between the teacher and one or two students are used in many colleges as a substitute for or supplement to group discussion in classes like those mentioned before. Tutorials can range from direct explanation by teachers and are subject to flexible conversational sessions which at their best are very effective in stimulating students’ mastery of a body of knowledge. The one-to-one quality of the personal interaction is very important in stimulating acceptance of ideas and producing fruitful interaction. In order to make individual tutorial really work, students should make good preparation beforehand, and during the tutorial they also should ask questions to keep the ball rolling rather than let the teachers talk the vacuum. The last activity is lectures. As we all know, lectures play a large part of most students’ timetable and occupy considerable proportion of teachers’ efforts. However the major difficulty with lectures is that they are not interactive like discussions or tutorials. The lecturer normally talks for the whole time with minimal feed-back from questions. The science and making notes and the lecture while-concentrating on the argument being developed is often difficult to some students, especially when the argument is very complicated. We have said that lectures are clearly valuable in several specific ways. They can provide a useful overview in every map, as it were, to familiarize you with the mainland features to be encountered during the course. Lectures typically give much more accessible descriptions of theoretical perspectives in their oral presentations than can be found in the academic literature. Whenever there is a rapid pace of progress in theory or practice, lectures play an indispensable part in letting students know the development immediately, usually several years before the new material is included in textbooks. Lastly lectures are often very useful in allowing you to see directly how exponents of different views build up their arguments. The cues provided by someone talking in person may seem irrelevant, but these cues are important aids to understanding the subject matter better later. So far we’ve discussed four study activities and their respective features and roles in higher education. Of course study activities are not limited to just these four types. They’re other activities that are equally important, such, as general reading, project learning, etc. We will cover them during our next lecture. 答案与详解 PAPER ONE PART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A TALK 1.答案:B 【问句译文】根据该短文,十八、十九世纪城市小的原因是什么? 【试题分析】本题为细节理解题。 【详细解答】谈话首段第二句说“Throughout those years the total urban population remained small and so wit h the cities.”由此可见,因为当时城市人口少,所以城市也就小。 2.答案:A 【问句译文】在以前的年代城市生存下来的主要原因是什么? 【试题分析】本题为细节题。 【详细解答】谈话第二段第三句说“Throughout the pre-modern era, this part of urban life remained so overwhelmingly commercial that almost every city owed its development to trade.”由此可知,经济贸易活动是当时城市生存下来的主要原因,故答案选A。 3.答案:D 【问句译文】下列哪一项不是城市居民的经济活动? 【试题分析】本题为细节题,可用排除法解答。 【详细解答】短文第二段第四句说“…they also collected and processed goods from these areas and distributed them to other cities.”因此distribution,processing是包含在经济活动里,所以应排除选项B和C。commerce意为trade,故可排除A。因此选项D)transportation为正确答案。 4.答案:C 【问句译文】下列哪一项不属于都市人离开城市的原因? 【试题分析】本题为细节题,可用排除法解答。 【详细解答】谈话第四段倒数第三句说“These individuals and groups sought economic opportunities or looked for a better social, political or religious atmosphere.”这里提到了“更多的经济机会”,“更自由的社会和政治环境”,“更加宽松的宗教环境”,只是没有提到“更多的教育机会”,故选项C为正确答案。 5.答案:D 【问句译文】在整个18世纪,为什么早期城市不能像预期的那样快速发展? 【试题分析】本题为主旨题。 【详细解答】谈话倒数第二段最后一句说“For the next thirty years, the proportion remained relatively stable and it was not until the 1830 did the urban figure move d back up to the level of 1690.” 由此可知,人口相对稳定是根本原因,故选项D为正确答案。 SECTION B INTERVIEW 6.答案:B 【问句译文】根据Janet的观点,影响谈判的主要因素是什么? 【试题分析】本题为细节题。 【详细解答】当采访者指出商业谈判中可能会遇到一些情况,而且并不是每个人都能达到自己的谈判目的。Janet回答说“Well, because, I mean, negotiations between business partner s from different countries normally mean we have negotiations between individuals who belong to distinct cultural traditions.”由此可知,不同的文化传统是影响谈判的主要因素,故答案选B。 7.答案:D 【问句译文】Janet对美国式的谈判态度如何? 【试题分析】本题为推理题。 【详细解答】当采访者问到Janet对美国式谈判的态度时,她回答说“…the American neg otiators make their points in a direct, sophistical way.”这里的关键词sophistical意为“复杂的,老练的”,那么和美国人谈判就必须小心谨慎,故答案选D。 8.答案:A 【问句译文】下列哪一项不是巴西和美国谈判者的区别? 【试题分析】本题为细节推理题。 【详细解答】女士在提到巴西和美国谈判者的特点时说“Brazilian importers look at people they’re talking to straight in the eyes a lot. They spend time on what some people thinks to be background information. They seem to be more indirect.…American style of negotiating, on the other hand, is far more like that of point-making; first point, second point, third point, and so on.”,这里是说巴西谈判者谈话不是很直接,而美国谈判者在谈判之前要罗列很多点。由此可知,巴西和美国谈判者在谈判时都拐弯抹角,故答案选A。 9.答案:C 【问句译文】下列哪一种人谈话最直接? 【试题分析】本题为细节题。 【详细解答】前面已经说到“…the American negotiators make their points in a direct, sophistical way.”而采访中并没有说英国人或德国人谈话直接,故答案选C。 10.答案:B 【问句译文】下列哪一项不是日本人的特征? 【试题分析】本题为细节题,可用排除法解答。 【详细解答】在谈到日本人的特征时,Janet分别说到“…the average Japanese business person does choose his or more really her words very carefully.” 由此可排除选项 A.Reserved(矜持的,寡言的);由“Many Europeans nod its extreme politeness of their Japanese counterpart…”,可排除选项C . Polite(礼貌的);由“They’re also very reserved to people they don’t know well. ” 由此可排除选项D.Prudent(谨慎的)。只有选项 B.Prejudiced(偏见的)没有提及,故为正确答案。 SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST News Item 1 11.答案:B 【问句译文】这则新闻主要是讲什么的? 【试题分析】本题为主旨题。 【详细解答】新闻首句说“The first Internati onal Tibetan Traditional Medicine Conference will be held…”,由此可知,这则新闻主要是讲一次大型医药会的,故答案选B。 News Item 2 12.答案:C 【问句译文】该新闻主要关注香港哪一方面问题? 【试题分析】本题为主旨题。 【详细解答】新闻第三句说“She outlined three policy objectives in developing an E-government in Hong Kong at the IBM Asian E-government Executive Seminar.”由此句可知,该新闻主要关注香港的E-govermnent问题。 13.答案:D 【问句译文】三个政治目标中没有下列哪一项? 【试题分析】本题为细节题,可用排除法解答。 【详细解答】新闻末尾说到三个政治目标问题,即“The first policy objective is to develop an electronic and peopleless government so as to improve the efficiency, cost-effectiveness and quality of public service. The second is to promote the wide adoption of E-commence with the government setting a leading example. The third is, through the E-government program, to integrate service delivery across motorable department and agencies.”这里提到了“to improve the efficiency”,“to promote the wide adoption of E-commence”,和“to integrate service delivery”, 故可排除选项A、B、C。 News Item 3 14.答案:C 【问句译文】下列哪一项是Donovan Bailey当年排在第二的最好纪录? 【试题分析】本题为细节题。 【详细解答】新闻第二句说“Bailey recorded the second best time of the year short of the 9. 91 set…”,由此可知,Donovan Bailey当年排在第二的最好纪录是9. 91秒。 15.答案:D 【问句译文】该 记录 混凝土 养护记录下载土方回填监理旁站记录免费下载集备记录下载集备记录下载集备记录下载 表明Bailey怎样? 【试题分析】本题为推理题。 【详细解答】解答本题的关键句是Bailey自己说的一句话,“I would have run 9. 80 if I’d really pushed myself. ”即要是他真正冲出去的话,跑9.80秒是没问题的,而实际记录为9. 91秒,由此可知,他这次并没有发挥好,故选项B为正确答案。 SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING 1.答案:literature/history/politics 【详细解答】录音在谈到写作时说“The central focus of university work, especially in humanities, for example in literature, history or politics,”谈话者在这里举了三个方面的例子,即literature, history 和 politics,可任选其一。 2.答案:advice 【详细解答】解答本题的关键句是“Individual written work also provides teachers with the best available guide to how you are processing in the subject, and allows them to give advice on how to develop you r strengths or counteract your weaknesses.”由此可知,写短文的另一好处是给老师提供“建议”。 3.答案:conversation 【详细解答】录音在谈到课堂讨论的优点时说“In the conversation you know immediately how effective you are in expressing your point and”,因此这里可直接填写conversation。 4.答案:essay 【详细解答】在谈到课堂讨论的另一优点时说“In addition,a normal program of between 10 to 25 classes cover far more topics than one subject.”这里是把交谈与写作进行对比,故应该填写essay。 5.答案:explanation 【详细解答】在谈到个别指导的样式时说“Tutorials can arrange from direct explanation by teacher and subject to flexible conversati onal sessions…”,由此可知,此处是指老师的解释(explanation)。 6.答案:widely 【详细解答】在谈到最后一种学习方式时说“As we all know, lectures play a large part of most students’ timetable and occupy considerable proportion of teachers’ efforts.”由此可知,演讲是学习活动中用得最广泛(widely)的方式。 7.答案:interactive 【详细解答】在谈到演讲这种学习方式时,谈话者首先说的是它的缺点“However the major difficulty with lectures is that they are not interactive like discussions or tutorials.” 即不能象讨论课和个别指导课那样互动( interactive)。 8.答案:overview 【详细解答】但是演讲这种学习方式的优点更多,第一点就是“They can provide a useful o verview in every map, as it were, to familiarize you with the mainland features to be encountered during the course.”由此可知,它们能提供所讨论之事的概要(over view)。 9.答案:theoretical/practical 【详细解答】演讲的另一优点是“Whenever there is a rapid pace of progress in theory or practice, lectures play an indispensable part in letting students know the development immediately,…”即让学生了解他们在实践(theoretical/practical)方面的最新进展。 10.答案:exponents 【详细解答】这里讲到演讲的最后一条优点是“…very useful in allowing you to see directly how exponents of different vie ws build up their arguments.”,即让学生充当不同观点的支持者(exponents)。 PART Ⅱ PROOFREADING AND ERROR CORRECTION 1.答案:and→while 【详细解答】前半句意为“发音是在无意识之中学成的”,后半句意为“拼写是有意识地学成的”,它们之间是转折而不是并列关系,故应该用连词while来连接。 2.答案:with→of 【详细解答】be unconscious of是固定搭配,意为“无意识地,未意识到”。即“我们之中很多人一辈子都不知道自己的话听起来是什么样的”。 3.答案:speak∧→out 【详细解答】speak out意为“大胆地说出”,在这里句意不通。在speak out中加上it,指代前面的speech,意为“当我们说出话后,自己听起来像什么”。 4.答案:firstly→first 【详细解答】firstly表示顺序中的“第一”,first则表示时间上的“第一次,首次”。这里是说“当我们第一次听到自己的录音时,通常会震惊”。故应将firstly改为first才合乎句意。 5.答案:which→that 【详细解答】在定语从句中,如果先行词是代词something,everything,nothing,little, few等时,关系词应用that而不是which,故此处应将which改为that。 6.答案:went→go 【详细解答】本文通篇用的都是一般现在时,所以此处也应用一般现在时,使上下文保持时态一 致。 7.答案:per或every 【详细解答】per和every都是“每”的意思,在此属重复错误,故将两者去掉一个即可。 8.答案:This→It 【详细解答】根据句子结构,句中缺少一形式主语,而作形式主语的只能是代词it,this是“这”的意思,不能用做形式主语,所以应将this改为it。 9.答案:community∧→together 【详细解答】hold意为“抓住,占据,包含”。此处想表达的意思是“语言用作使社区具有凝聚力、给人归属感的一种方式”,用hold a community不能表达此意;hold sth.together表示“使结合在一起不破,使团结一致”的意思,符合句意。 10.答案:far→aw ay 【详细解答】要表达距离上的远近,在英语中通常用副词away。far表示“远,从(到)很远距离”,不合句意。 PART Ⅲ READING COMPREHENSION SECTION A TEXT A 短文大意:这篇议论文主要是讽刺某些会议的特征。 16.答案:D 【参考译文】在角色的扮演中,文章似乎在表明会议主席如何? 【试题分析】本题为推理题。 【详细解答】短文第五段在谈到“角色扮演”时说,最正式的角色是会议主席,但接着说“Sadly, the other, informal,role-players are often able to gain the upper hand. Chief is the “constant talker”, who just loves to hear his or her own voice.”,即不幸地是非正式角色通常占上风。首领不停地讲话,他喜欢只听到自己的声音。由此可推知,参与者时常会胜过会议主席,故选项D为正确答案。 17.答案:A 【参考译文】下列哪一项不是三种参与者的特征? 【试题分析】本题为细节题,可用排除法解答。 【详细解答】文中提到三种参与者:第一种是 can’t do types(反对派),即固执己见型的人,故可排除选项B;第二种是lack of performance,who love meetings(好会派),即缺少中心论点型的人,故可排除选项D;第三种是counter-dependents(对立派),即“不顺从的”,故可排除选项C。那么只有选项A“屈从型的人” 不是三种参与者的特征。 18.答案:B 【参考译文】文章暗示会议结束后,人们为什么要装作取得一致意见? 【试题分析】本题为细节题。 【详细解答】倒数第二段第二句说“Since it is important for the chairman to appear successful in problem-solving and making a decision, the group reaches a false consensus.” 这里是说,既然在解决问题和作出决定方面显得很成功对于会议主席来说很重要,予会者就假装取得—致。故选项B“带来一种虚幻的成就感”为正确答案。 TEXT B 短文大意:本文主要论述的是航空公司联合的利与弊。 19.答案:D 【参考译文】下面哪一项最能描述乘客对航空联合的看法? 【试题分析】本题为细节题。 【详细解答】短文第一段开头提到航空联合时说:“Confused? Airline alliances have travellers scratching their heads over what’s going on in the skies.”这表明乘客非常疑惑,因为他们不知道航空公司到底发生了什么事。由此可直接选D“迷惑的”。 20.答案:B 【参考译文】根据文章内容,谁是联 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 盟成立后的主要受益者? 【试题分析】本题为推理题。 【详细解答】文章第二段表明,北美航空公司和亚洲航空公司都想向海外发展,如果联合就可以达到资源共享,以降低成本,提高利润。故选项B为正确答案。 21.答案:A 【参考译文】下列哪一项不是航空联合所带来的益处? 【试题分析】本题为细节题,可用排除法解答。 【详细解答】文中第三段讲到,航空公司认为联合对乘客绝对有好处。实现全球服务网络,乘客不用再等上几个小时或担心自己的行李,休息室增大,提高了质量。因此可排除选项B,C和D。这里只有选项A“行李的最高限额(将增大)”没有提到,故为正确答案。 22.答案:C 【参考译文】反对者预见联合的不利处可能是航空旅行更加昂贵,原因是什么? 【试题分析】本题为细节题。 【详细解答】短文第五段第二句说“Instead of two airlines competing and each operating a flight on the same route at 70% capacity, the allied pair will share the route and run one full f light.”由此可见,联合将最终导致票价上涨,因为联合的两个公司将共享路线,载满乘客,而不是互相竞争,装载70%的乘客。故答案选C。 23.答案:B 【参考译文】根据文章内容,下列哪一类旅客将从航空联合中受益最多? 【试题分析】本题为细节题。 【详细解答】文章倒数第四段说,已在一个大航空公司获得FFP的顶级席位的人将受益最多。FFP 指frequent flyer programme类的人。而能取得顶级席位的应该是坐商业舱的人,而不是坐经济舱的人。故选项B为正确答案。 TEXT C 短文大意:本文分析了英语在欧洲国家流行的原因。 24.答案:B 【参考译文】根据作者的观点,英语在法国和欧洲流行的真正原因是什么? 【试题分析】本题为主旨题。 【详细解答】文章第三段指出,法国和其他欧洲国家在政治、经济上互相融会,它们需要一种语言互相交流,同世界交流,这才是更深层原因。由此可知,选项B最合题意。 25.答案:D 【参考译文】下列哪一项不是欧洲人喜欢英语的原因? 【试题分析】本题为细节题,可用排除法解答。 【详细解答】短文第五段和第六段开头部分指出英语是—种未被控制的语言,可以变化,可以简洁地表示思想,这属于英语自身的优势,故可排除选项A“英语自身的优势”;由短文第二段的例子可以排除选项B“与商业世界相联系”;短文第六段结尾处表明随着美国成为首要政治、经济、军事和文化大国,英语也成为了第二语言,可见英语同美国的联系也是欧洲人喜爱英语的原 因,故可排除选项C“与美国有密切关系”。短文中并没有说到英语是同政治变革分离的,故选项D“同政治变革相分离”不是欧洲人喜欢英语的原因。 26.答案:C 【参考译文】下列哪一项预见了将来英语的地位将不断上升? 【试题分析】本题为细节题。 【详细解答】文中最后一段中提到:“In the secondary schools of the European Union’s non-English-speaking countries, 91 % of students study English,…”由此可知,在非英语的欧洲国家中,中学有91%的学生学习英语,这意味着英语成为欧洲商业语言并非那么难,在将来会变得容易,故选项C为正确答案。 27.答案:A 【参考译文】该短文主要讨论了关于什么的因素? 【试题分析】本题为主旨题。 【详细解答】短文第一段首句就指出“It is nothing new that English use is on the rise around the world, especially in business circles.”全文围绕这一点展开,旨在 说明 关于失联党员情况说明岗位说明总经理岗位说明书会计岗位说明书行政主管岗位说明书 :英语不断地在欧洲国家受到重视,得到普及,其地位还将不断上升,故选项A“英语在欧洲地位的上升”为该短文的主旨。而选项B,C和D则都是英语地位上升的表现。 TEXT D 短文大意:本文主要讨论的是人与自然的矛盾关系,以及解决这一矛盾的方法。 28.答案:A 【参考译文】文章开头提到人类战胜了自然是为了强调什么? 【试题分析】本题为细节题。 【详细解答】短文第—段指出人类战胜了自然,但在第四段最后一句说“…giving rise to a new form of conflict: a clash between Man and Nature.”即这使得人类和自然产生的新矛盾。故文章开头提到人类战胜了自然是为了强调“产生了新矛盾”。 29.答案:D 【参考译文】根据该短文,下列哪一项不是设想的国际机构的责任? 【试题分析】本题为细节题,可用排除法解答。 【详细解答】文中倒数第三段指出,新机构应监控科学发现,解决全球性难题,如:有权禁止或减少臭氧漏洞,抑制艾滋病的传播,解决全球变暖等问题,由此可排除选项A和B。短文倒数第四段提到新式否决权可用于解决现时的主要矛盾,也就是人类和自然的矛盾,由此可排除选项C。只有选项D文中没有提及,故为正确选项。 30.答案:A 【参考译文】当提到联合国的现状时,作者表达了何种态度? 【试题分析】本题为细节题。 【详细解答】短文倒数第二段指出“The UN in its present form may fall far short of what is required of it, and it may be undemocratic and detrimental to most citizens in the world,…”作者认为联合国远不能满足要求,对全球众多居民来说不民主且有害,由此可知,他对联合国的现状是“不满意的”。 PAPER TWO PART Ⅳ TRANSLATION SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH 【参考译文】 Nature does the same favour to every human being, whether rich or poor. So all the humans put on the nature deep dependence, especially in the countryside, where the people have been living the same life for thousands of years. They plant crops and grapes, make wine to drink, feed the cattle and milk the cows, weed and plant flowers. They go to church at weekends, and play music instruments on the plaza in the festivals, dancing and singing. The previous rural farms remain today’s sweet home. In this way each a rea has legends of its own and the customs pass down. SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE 【参考译文】 想象中自己应该是什么样的,成功者没将生命消耗在这种信念上。相反,他们活得有自我,因此不绞尽脑汁矫揉造作,不试图将他人玩弄于股掌之中。他们知道,真心关爱和虚情假意之间、真傻和装傻之间、真才实学和佯装有才之间界线分明。成功者无需面具掩藏自我。 成功者勇于独立思考,敢于展示才华。他们能将事实和观点区分开来,不假装全懂。他们听人进言,并权衡利弊,从而得出自己的结论。尽管会钦佩他人,但他们从不为其所羁绊。 成功者不会表现出无助,也不怨天尤人。相反,他们对生活尽职尽责。 PART Ⅴ WRITING 【参考范文】 The Most Important Personal Quality of a University Student Everyone has one or more dreams. But it is much easier to set an aim than to realise it. In the course of obtaining success, we need a number of helps, either external or internal, and the personal qualities are of superior importance. Among the qualifies, such as smartness, honesty, confidence, the most important one, in my opinion, is diligence. We are sure to encounter a number of difficulties on the way to success. On one hand, we must hold on. On the other hand, we should make efforts to find the best solutions as soon as possible. We have to force ourselves to know more, do more, and sweat more. Only working industriously can assure us of a good result. Being industrious means more work and less relaxation. So diligent people will complete their tasks in a shorter time than others. They will get more information and experience in their work. In the long run they will do their job better and better. Diligence also means broad knowledge and good public relationship. No one will look down upon an industrious person, and no employer will promote an idle one. In addition, industry is a merit of our Chinese people, it is also a stimulus to Japan’s recovery from the disaster of World War II. It is needed to realize our aims and to make our country more prosperous. 本套真题测试的语言重点: 重点单词: potent 有力的,有效的 encompass 包围;包含或包括某事物 irrelevant 不相关的,不切题的 ambiguous 不明确的,暧昧的 downturn 低迷时期 ecosystem 生态系统 lingering 延迟的 adolescence 青春期(一般指13至15岁的时期) hegemony 霸权 gimmick 暗机关 重点词组: hedge one’s bets为避免损失两面下注 immerse oneself in 沉浸于,沉溺于 pay out 付出;报复 be adequate for 适合,足够