高级英语--讲稿（Lesson 10, Book 2）

高级英语--讲稿（Lesson 10, Book 2） 《高级英语》(第2册第10课)讲 稿 Textbooks教材 Advanced English (Revised Edition) (Book II) 高级英语》(修订版),第二册, 外语教学与研究出版社 《 Main reference materials主要参考资料 1,《高级英语》,修订本,教师用 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf ,第二册,张汉熙主编 2,《高级英语》,修订本,精读精解,第二册,姚兰 主编 3,Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 4,《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》 Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men 悲哀的年青一代 Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards 罗德w霍顿，赫伯特w爱德华兹 教学目的: 1. To know the writing of exposition. 2. To know the Revolts of the Lost Generation in post-war America. 3. To master some useful new words, phrases, expressions and structures from the texts. 4. To know some famaous writers mentioned in the text. 5. To understand rhetorical devices used in the text. 教学步骤: 1. Questions of Warming-up Activities: 1) Discussion on Younger Generation Problem in China. 2) What do you know about the Revolt of the Younger Genration in America? 2. Pre-reading preparation: 1) What does the term ―the Sad Young Men‖ refer to? 1 《高级英语》(第2册第10课)讲 稿 2) Supplying background information: (see Part One in ―Teaching Content‖) 3. While-reading activities: explaining the details of the text. 4. Post-reading discussion: 1) Why the younger gneration in Post-war America called ―Lost Gneration‖? Were they really lost? 2) Are there any weak points in the authors‘ presentation? 教学 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 : Part One Background Information 1. Rod William Horton: (1910- ) , born in White Plains N.Y. , New York University, N.Y., instructor, 1937-1945, assistant professor, 1945-49, associate professor of general literature, 1947-1957 , United States Information Service, in Brazil and Portugal, cultural affairs officer, 1957-1964 , Publications: (with Herbert W. Edwards) Backgrounds of American Literary Thoughts (1952), (with Vincent F. Hopper) Backgrounds of European Literature (1954). 2. The Sad Young Men and the Lost Generation , Both refer to the same group of people. , The Former was derived from the title of F. Scott Gerald‘s novel All the Sad Young Men. , The latter came from a remark made by Gertrude Stein who once said to Ernest Hemingway, ―oh, you are all of a lost generation‖ (later Hemingway publicized it widely by using it as a preface to his novel The Sun Also Rises). , They were both applied to the disillusioned young intellectuals, who were cut off from the old values and yet unable to term with the new era after the First World War. So they rebelled against social conventions by a kind of despair or cynical hedonism(快乐主义). 2 《高级英语》(第2册第10课)讲 稿 3. Beat Generation , appeared after World War II in the United States , created by Jack Kerrouac (novelist) , This term was applied to certain American artists and writers who were popular during the 1950s. , rejected traditional social and artistic forms , sought immediate expression in multiple intense experiences and beatific illumination , In literature they adopted rhythms of simple American speech and of so-called progressive jazz. , worked in and around San Francisco 4. Hippies , During the 1960s ―beat‖ ideas and attitudes were absorbed by other cultural movements, and those who practiced the ―beat‖ life style were called ―hippies‖. Part Two Structure Analysis Part One Paragraph 1 Introduction Introduce the subject Part Two Paragraph 2-9 Support and develop the thesis by providing historical material concerning the revolt of the younger generation of the twenties Each paragraph or paragraph unit develops a new but related aspect of the thought stated in the thesis. Part Three Paragraph 10-11 Conclusion Horton and Edwards state the thesis in the last paragraph: ―The intellectuals of the twenties, the ?sad young man,‘ as F. Scott Fitzgerald called them, cursed their luck but didn‘t die; escaped but voluntarily returned; flayed the Babbits but loved their country, and in so doing gave the nation the liveliest, freshest, most stimulating in its literary 3 《高级英语》(第2册第10课)讲 稿 experience.‖ Part Three Language points 1. The Sad Young Men —These young intellectuals or writers were unhappy because they were disillusioned with the war that was ―to make the world safe for Democracy‖. They couldn‘t integrate themselves with the society and social life they found in post-war United States. They felt alienated from everything they saw in their homeland, so they went to Europe and lived as voluntary expatriates. 2. No aspect of life in the Twenties has been more commented upon and sensationally romanticized than the so-called Revolt of the Younger Generation. No aspect of life in the Twenties has been more commented upon and sensationally romanticized than: sensationally romanticized: (This so called problem) was treated in a passionate, idealized manner to shock thrill and rouse the interest of people. After World War I, during 1920s, every aspect of life in the United States has been commented upon, but the so-called Revolt of the Younger Generation has been commented upon more than the other aspects. 二十年代社会生活的各个方面中，被人们评论得最多、渲染得最厉害的，莫过 于青年一代的叛逆之行了。 3. The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young , —At the very mention of this post-war period, middle aged people begin to think about it longingly and young people become curious and start asking all kinds of questions. , Transferred epithet: , ―Nostalgic‖ and ―curious‖ should modify ―the middle aged‖ and ―the young‖ respectively. , 只要有只言片语提到那个时期，就会勾起中年人怀旧的回忆和青年人好奇的 提问。 4.the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy 4 《高级英语》(第2册第10课)讲 稿 Speakeasy: (Americanism) a place where alcoholic drinks are sold illegally, esp. such a place in the U. S. during Prohibition ( the period 1923 - 33). Deliciously illicit thrill: An improper action but very enjoyable and exciting. A visit to a speakeasy was improper or prohibited because these places sold alcoholic drinks illegally. This explains the ―illicit thrill‖. 5. Puritan morality — extreme or excessive strictness in matters of morals. Strict Puritans even regarded drinking, gambling and participation in theatrical performances as punishable offences. 6. the fashionable experimentations in amour —trying out new ways of lovemaking as everyone was doing at that time 7. the flask-toting "sheik," and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the "flapper" and the "drug-store cowboy. sheik: (Americanism) a masterful man to whom women are supposed to be irresistably attracted moral and stylistic vagaries: odd and eccentric dress and conduct flapper: (Americanism) in the 1920s, a young woman considered bold and unconventional in action and dress drugstore cowboy: ( Americanism) a western movie extra who loafs in front of drugstores between pictures (青年人则会问起有关那时的一些纵情狂欢的爵士舞会，)问起那成天背着酒葫芦、 勾引得女人团团转的―美男子‖，问起那些―时髦少女‖和―闲荡牛仔‖的奇装异服和 古怪行为等等的情况。 8. must of necessity: must because of necessity 9. "no" because what seemed so wild, irresponsible, and immoral in social behavior at the time can now be seen in perspective as being something considerably less sensational than the degeneration of our jazzmad youth. , —When we look back now to those days and view things in their true relations to one another, we see that the social behaviour of the young people was not very wild, irresponsible, and immoral. Their behaviour was far from being as sensational as the degeneration of jazzmad youth. Therefore, in this sense, the 5 《高级英语》(第2册第10课)讲 稿 answer must be ―no‖. , 说―不对‖是因为在当时的社会看来似乎是那么狂野。那么不负责任，那么不 讲道德的行为，若是用今天的正确眼光去看的话，却远远没有今天的一些迷 恋爵士乐的狂荡青年的堕落行为那么耸人听闻。 10.logical outcome —necessary and expected result or consequence 11. confine to — keep or hold, restrict I wish the speaker would confine himself to the subject. , 我得卧床休息。 我病了 I am sick, I have to confine to bed. 12. we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographic protection of our two bordering oceans. — to reach an international stature: to develop and grow into a nation respected and esteemed by all other nations in the world provincial: narrow, limited like that of rural provinces. Here the word means narrow like that of a single country – the United States. Metaphor: comparing ―provincial morality‖ to ―artificial walls‖ 我们所取得的国际地位使我们永远也不能再退缩到狭隘道德 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 的人造围墙之 后，或是躲在相邻的两大洋的地理保护之中了。 13. Victorian gentility Victorian: showing the middle-class respectability, prudery, bigotry, etc., generally attributed to Victorian England gentility: the quality of being genteel; now, specifically excessive or affected refinement and elegance 14. The booming of American industry, with its gigantic, roaring factories, its corporate impersonality, and its largescale aggressiveness, no longer left any room for the code of polite behavior and well-bred morality fashioned in a quieter and less competitive age. roaring: (colloquial) very active or successful 6 《高级英语》(第2册第10课)讲 稿 impersonality: the lack or absence of a personal or human character; the quality or state of not involving personal feelings or the emotions aggressive: implies a bold and energetic pursuit of one‘s ends, connoting, in derogatory usage, a ruthless desire to dominate, and in a favorable sense, enterprise, initiative, etc. code: any set of principles or rules of conduct: a moral code 美国工业的飞速发展及其所带来的庞大的、机器轰鸣的工厂的出现，社会化大生 产的非人格性，以及争强好胜意识的空前高涨，使得在较为平静而少竞争的年代里 所形成的温文尔雅的礼貌行为和谦谦忍让的道德风范完全没有半点栖身之地。 15. War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success. battle for success: metaphor. They had to fight as in a battle in order to become successful. With or without a war, as one generation followed another, the young people found it increasingly difficult for them to accept standards of behavior that seemed in no way to be related to the noisy, busy world of business, and it was in this bustling business world that they were expected to become successful. 不论是否发生战争，随着时代的变化(要我们的年轻一代接受与他们必须在其 中拼搏求胜的这个喧嚣的商业化社会格格不入的行为准则已经变得越来越难了。 16. catalytic agent catalytic agent: catalyst: a person or thing acting as the stimulus in bringing about or hastening a result Simile: the war being compared to a catalytic agent 17. by precipitating our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies —-- By throwing our young people suddenly and unexpectedly into a World War, which was a form of mass murder, we released the violent energies which the young people had so far repressed 战争把年轻一代一下子推向一种大规模的屠杀战场，从而使他们体内潜藏的压抑 已久的狂暴力量得以释放出来 18. which, after the shooting was over, were turned in both Europe and America to 7 《高级英语》(第2册第10课)讲 稿 the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth-century society. —When the war was over, the young people used their newly released violent energies, both in Europe and America, to destroy the nineteenth-century society that was getting old and becoming unacceptable. 待到战争一结束，这些被释放出来的狂暴力量便在欧洲和美国掉转矛头，去摧毁 那日渐衰朽的十九世纪的社会了。 19. But at the same time it was tempted, in America at least, to escape its responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication and a pose of Bohemian immorality. air: an outward appearance; general impression or feeling given by something sophistication: the state of being artificial, worldly-wise, urbane, etc. pose: a way of behaving or speaking that is assumed for effect; pretense the Gypsies or Bohemia is a region of Czech Republic in which the nomadic group -- Romany -- are called "bohemians". The Bohemians and the Gypsies shared some characteristics. Both groups are known for their vagabond lifestyle, for the pursuit of freedom, for their unconventional way of living. 而与此同时，青年人-- 至少美国的青年人 -- 又表现出这样一种倾向:他们试图 逃避自己的责任。沉溺于一种老于世故、以酒自娱的生活作风之中，装出一副波 希米亚式的放荡不羁的样子。 20. an escape made possible by a general prosperity and a post-war fatigue with politics, economic restrictions, and international responsibilities. —The young people could do all these things in their attempt to escape their responsibilities because after WWI there was general prosperity in the country and people were tired of politics, economic restrictions and international responsibilities. 21. and the much-publicized orgies and defiant manifestoes of the intellectuals crowding into Greenwich Village gave them a pattern and a philosophic defense for their escapism. Much publicized: reported often and widely in nespapers and magazines Greenwich Village: section of New York City, on the lower west side of Manhattan: noted as a center for artists, writers etc.: formerly a village 8 《高级英语》(第2册第10课)讲 稿 --- The much publicized wild and riotous life of the intellectuals in Greenwich Village and their defiant declarations of their motives and intentions provided the young people with a philosophy that could justify their escapism. 文人墨客纷纷涌人格林威治村，他们那些被大肆渲染的放纵行为和挑战性言论也为 青年人的逃避主义提供了一种表现形式和一套哲学辩护辞。 22. And like most escapist sprees, this one lasted until the money ran out, until the crash of the world economic structure at the end of the decade called the party to a halt and forced the revelers to sober up and face the problems of the new age. Metaphor: --- comparing the wild, riotous living of the escapists to a party and the escapists to drunken revellers. The Great Economic Depression which started in the United States in 1929 brought the young escapists back to their senses and stopped the wild, riotous lives they were living 这种逃避主义者的纵情狂欢，像大多数逃避主义者的纵情狂欢一样，一直要持 续到狂欢者囊空如洗为止。到二十年代末世界经济结构总崩溃之时，这种狂欢宴会 便告停歇，那些寻欢作乐者也只得从酣醉中清醒过来，去面对新时代的各种难 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 了。 23. the stalemate of 1915 -- 1916 This refers to the stalemate on the Western Front in Europe. The battle lines remained virtually stationary for three years. By the spring of 1915, combat on the Western Front had sunk into stalemate. Enemy troops stared at each other from a line of opposing trenches that stretched from the English Channel to the Swiss border. Neither opponent could outflank its enemy resulting in costly and unproductive direct attacks on well-fortified defenses. The war of movement that both sides had predicted at the beginning of the conflict had devolved into deadly stagnation. 24.insolence of Germany toward the United States This refers to the sinking of the Lusitania, a liner under British registration, by a German submarine on May 7, 1915. In the sinking, 1,195 persons lost their lives, of whom 128 were U. S. citizens. The considerable sympathy for Germany that had previously existed in the United States to a large extent disappeared, and there were demands from many for an immediate declaration of war. It also refers to the German 9 《高级英语》(第2册第10课)讲 稿 announcement, at the end of 1916, that Germany would begin unrestricted submarine warfare to break British control of the seas. In protest the United States broke off relations with Germany, Feb. 1917. 25.jingoism --- extreme chauvinism or nationalism marked especially by a belligerent foreign policy 沙文主义,武力外交政策 即大国主义。是国际关系中较大的国家对待较小的国家所表现出来的沙文主义倾 向。主要特征为:不尊重对方的独立平等地位，而是把自己的意志强加于人，甚至 粗暴干涉对方的内政，侵犯对方的利益，损害对方的主权。大国沙文主义并不是某 一国家特有的现象。乙国比甲国小，但是比丙国大，乙国尽管会反对甲国的大国沙 文主义，却也有对丙国持大国沙文主义态度的。 26. John Dos Passos and his Three Soldiers Birth date and place: January 14, 1896, in Chicago Education: at Harvard University Representative works: One Man's Initiationó 1917 (1920) (He utilized his wartime experience as an ambulance driver in France as background for his first novel) Three Soldiers (1921) Manhattan Transfer (1925), a panoramic view of life in New York City between 1890 and 1925 Dos Passos died in 1970 . 27. they "wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up fun: amusement, sport, recreation, adventure, etc. The young people, idealistic people, thought fighting in a war was something adventurous and romantic. ----The young people wanted to take part in the glorious adventure before the whole war ended. 28. magnolia-scented —The meaning of this phrase is not clear. It may have the literal meaning of having the scent of the magnolia. The soap opera was put up by companies selling magnolia-scented soap. It may also mean ―very sweet and cloying‖ because the magnolia flower has a very sweet scent. Finally, it may also mean ―of, relating to, 10 《高级英语》(第2册第10课)讲 稿 or resembling the south (the southern states of America) of pre-civil war days.‖ 29. The strife of 1861 -- 1865 had popularly become, in motion picture and story, a magnolia-scented soap opera, while the one hundred-days' fracas with Spain in 1898 had dissolved into a one-sided victory at Manila and a cinematic charge up San Juan Hill. —The civil war of 1861-1865 was always portrayed in the movies and in stories as a highly sentimental drama and the war with Spain in 1898 always ended in a scene in a movie showing the one-side victory at Manila or the Americans charging up San Juan Hill. 1861—1865年间的那场战争早已通俗地在电影和小说中成了一部散发出木兰花 香的连续剧。而1898年同西班牙之间的百日战争在影剧故事中总是被描写成美军 在马尼拉大获全胜或是冲上圣胡安山顶的电影镜头式场面。 30. Furthermore, there were enough high school assembly orators proclaiming the character-forming force of the strenuous life to convince more than enough otherwise sensible boys that service in the European conflict would be of great personal value, in addition to being idealistic and exciting. —Furthermore, many speakers at high school meetings told the boys that the hard life of the war would help to form their character. These speakers convinced more than enough these boys, who were sensible in many other aspects, that fighting in the European war would be of great value to them personally, in addition to being idealistic and exciting. 此外，更有许多演说家们在中学生集会上大肆渲染战场上的紧张生活在培养性格 方面的力量，使得那些本来还算有头脑的年轻小伙子们都信以为真，以为到欧洲 战场上去服役不仅是一件令人兴奋的理想化的美事，而且具有巨大的人生价值。 31. "intellectuals" Q: Why is ―intellectuals‖ put in the quotes? ―Intellectuals‖ is put in quotes to show that they were college-age students who considered themselves to be intellectuals and would be writers or those who had intellectual interests or tastes. They didn‘t want to take part in the actual killing so they joined the ambulance corps. 32. So tremendous was the storming of recruitment centers that harassed sergeants actually pleaded with volunteers to "go home and wait for the draft, 11 《高级英语》(第2册第10课)讲 稿 draft: the choosing or taking of an individual or individuals from a group for some special purpose, especially for compulsory military service 征兵 ---So great was the rush to enlist at the recruitment centers that the worried and troubled sergeants (who were in charge of the job) actually plead with the young volunteers to go home and wait until they were called up for service. 33. Naturally, the spirit of carnival and the enthusiasm for high military adventure were soon dissipated once the eager young men had received a good taste of twentieth- century warfare. spirit of carnival: festive spirit, spirit of revelry and merry-making high: characterized by sublime, heroic, or stirring events; exciting have a good taste of: metaphor, to have real or thorough experience of 34. To their lasting glory, they fought with distinction distinction: the quality that makes one seem superior or worthy of special recognition He passed the examination with distinction. 他以优异成绩通过考试。 ---- The young people fought very bravely and well and as a result they will always be honored and admired. 35. They had outgrown town and families and had developed a sudden bewildering world-weariness which neither they nor their relatives could understand. Metaphor, comparing their unsuitability to growing too large for one‘s clothes. These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their home town or their families. They suddenly felt very confused and weary of the world. They and their relatives could not understand why this happened. Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by the war 36. The war released their inhabited energies and destroyed their innocence and simplicity. whip up: to rouse; excite They're trying to whip up support for their candidate. 他们竭力激励大家支持他们的候选人. 37. and now, in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country, they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had "made the world safe for democracy.” 12 《高级英语》(第2册第10课)讲 稿 Gopher Prairies: backward, undeveloped areas of the prairies resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence: to resume living and behaving simply and innocently as the former Victorian social structure required them to do. If they did this, they would be deceiving themselves because they knew this Victorian morality was now outmoded and wrong. ―made the world safe for democracy‖: The exact quotation from Woodrow Wilson‘s Address to Congress (April 2, 1917) is, ―The world must be made safe for democracy‖. --- These veterans returning from the war were disillusioned people but filled with violent energy released by the war. They knew they didn‘t fight to make the world safe for democracy but for the imperial interests of the different nations. They knew the old Victorian social structure in the United States was out-of-date and should be changed. Yet they were now being asked to hold in check these energies released by the war and to start living and behaving as they did before the war started. 38. Napoleonic cynicism “犬儒主义”一般认为是苏格拉底的弟子安提斯泰尼创立的，另一人物第欧根尼 则因为住在木桶里的怪异行为而成为更有名的犬儒主义者。当时奉行这一主义的哲 学家或思想家，他们的举止言谈行为方式甚至生活态度与狗的某些特征很相似，他 们旁若无人、放浪形骸、不知廉耻，却忠诚可靠、感觉灵敏、敌我分明、敢咬敢斗。 于是人们就称这些人为“犬儒”，意思是“像狗一样的人”。至于这个称谓是不是肯 定来源于此，学界的观点并不一致。 他们行为上以怪异和反常的行为向现有的秩序、 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 、观念、习俗挑战，精神 上则躲进个人的心灵深处寻求宁静和快乐。犬儒主义作为这股向社会发起抗议的力 量的代表，也就自然的产生了。 Napoleonic cynicism: As conqueror, Napoleon cynically rearranged the whole map of Europe. The victorious allies of World War I did the same at Versailles. 39. the returning veteran also had to face the sodden, Napoleonic cynicism of Versailles, the hypocritical do-goodism of Prohibition, and the smug patriotism of the war profiteers. , —The returning veteran soldiers also had to face the stupid cynicism of the victorious allies in Versailles who acted as cynically as Napoleon did. They had to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people. And they also had to face the self-satisfied patriotic air of the war 13 《高级英语》(第2册第10课)讲 稿 profiteers. 40. Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to "give" , —(Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of , America, who were already very tense, had to break out. , give: to bend, sink, move, break out, yield, etc. from force or , pressure 41. Greenwich Village set the pattern. Metonymy. The writers and the artists living in Greenwich Village set the example which other young intellectuals throughout the country followed. 42. the village had long enjoyed a dubious reputation for Bohemianism and eccentricity. , Greenwich Village had long been widely but unfavorably known for its unconventional and nonconforming way of life. , dubious reputation: a reputation that was questionable, shady , Bohemianism and eccentricity: The two words here are more or less synonymous, both emphasizing the odd and unconventional lives of the intellectuals and artists. 43. Sinclair Lewis and Babbitt American novelist, playwright, and social critic who gained popularity with satirical novels Sinclair Lewis won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1930, the first given to American. His total output includes 22 novels and three plays. Babbitt: The novel behind the name, Babbitt is Sinclair Lewis‘s classic commentary on middle-class society. Babbittry: philistine, uncultured person whose interest are material and commonplace. 44. it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and "Puritanical" gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center Babbittry: (after George Babbitt, title character of satirical novel (1922) by Sinclair Lewis) a smugly conventional person interested chiefly in business and social success and 14 《高级英语》(第2册第10课)讲 稿 indifferent to cultural values; Philistine Puritanical gentility: See Puritan morality Metonymy, ―pens‖ standing for their writing and ―Babbittry‖ for qualities once displayed by George Babbitt. It was only natural that hopeful young writers whose minds and writings were filled with violent anger against war, Babbittry, and ―puritanical‖ gentility, should come in great numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic center. 45. to pour out their new-found creative strength, to tear down the old world, to flout the morality of their grandfathers, and to give all to art, love, and sensation. They employed their newly acquired creative strength to write vigorously; to — demolish the old world (by attacking everything that represented it); to scoff at (to show contempt for) the morality that their grandfathers respected (by living Bohemian and eccentric lives) and by spending all their time, energy and money on art, love and the pursuit of new sensations. 46. add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of "flaming youth", — Metaphor, the revolt of the young compared to a conflagration. Many other young people began to intensify and spread this revolt of the young by their own misdeeds (breaking the law and living unconventional lives). own little matchsticks: metaphor, misdeeds compared to matchsticks. They helped to intensify the flame of revolt. 47. Each town had its "fast" set which prided itself on its unconventionality, ---- Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional lives. fast: loyal, steadfast 忠实的,可靠的 set: a group of people who have common interests Here ―a fast set‖ refers to a group of people living in a reckless, wild, dissipated way. 48. Before long the movement had become officially recognized by the pulpit (which denounced it), by the movies and magazines (which made it attractively naughty while pretending to denounce it), and by advertising (which obliquely encouraged it by selling everything from cigarettes to automobiles with the implied promise that their owners would be rendered sexually irresistible). Metonymy, pulpit representing the church. Before long this movement was officially 15 《高级英语》(第2册第10课)讲 稿 accepted as a fact by the church, by the movies and magazines, and by the advertising agencies, but they showed their recognition in different ways. The church denounced it from the pulpit. The movies and magazines pretended to denounce it but in reality succeeded in making it more attractively by depicting it as something naughty. The advertising agencies encouraged it indirectly by playing up sex attractions in their advertisement selling from cigarettes to automobiles. 49. who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry At the time the young soldiers were fighting the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, their younger brothers and sisters at home, who were still very small, were playing with marbles and dolls. Belleau Wood: small forest in France, east of Paris; site of a battle (19180 in World War I. Chateau-Thierry: town in N France, on the Marne; scene of intensive fighting in World War I 50. and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion --- Metaphor, comparing living unconventional lives to playing with toys. These young brothers and sisters did not take part in the war, so they had no feeling of real disillusionment or loss. Nevertheless they began to imitate the manners of their elders and live the conventional and nonconforming lives of those who were rebelling against society. vulgar: of characteristic of, belonging to, or common to the great mass of people in general; common; popular: a vulgar superstition 51. Their parents were shocked, but before long they found themselves and their friends adopting the new gaiety. At first the parents of the younger people were shocked by the decadent lives of their children, but soon they themselves and their friends began to adopt the new Bohemian and eccentric way of life. 52. Meanwhile, the true intellectuals were far from flattered. What they had wanted was an America more sensitive to art and culture, less avid for material gain, and less susceptible to standardization. —The true intellectuals who started the revolt against society did not feel pleased or 16 《高级英语》(第2册第10课)讲 稿 honored by the imitation of their life-style by so many people. What they really wanted was to change America. They wanted the American people to respond more readily and deeply to art and culture, to be less greedy for material gain, and not to accept standardization so easily. 53. Instead, their ideas had been generally ignored, while their behavior had contributed to that standardization by furnishing a pattern of Bohemianism that had become as conventionalized as a Rotary luncheon. —People did not pay attention to their ideas. Instead their Bohemian manners and behavior were imitated as standard and conventionalized as Rotary luncheon. 54. Flaming diatribes poured from their pens denouncing the materialism and what they considered to be the cultural boobery of our society. —They began to write bitter, abusive criticism denouncing the materialism and cultural Babbitry of American society. boobery: same as ―Babittry‖, smug, self-satisfied, conformist in cultural matters. 55. the rallying point of sensitive persons disgusted with America Metaphor, comparing the book to a rallying point. The critical articles written by sensitive persons (young intellectuals) disgusted with America were to be found in the book. Civilization in the United Sates, edited by J. Harold Stearns. 56. What, precisely, are the terms of those laws? — What are the conditions or requirements set forth by those laws? 57. The burden of the volume was that the best minds in the country were being ignored, ---The main theme of all the articles in the book was that people were not paying serious attention to what the most gifted and intelligent (the young intellectuals) were saying. burden: repeated, central idea, theme 58. Journalism was a mere adjunct to moneymaking, --- Journalism is only a tool that helps businessmen to make money 59. and American family life so devoted to making money and keeping up with the Joneses that it had become joyless, patterned, hypocritical, and sexually inadequate. ---American families spend so much of their time on making money and strive so hard to get all the naterial things their neighbors have that their lives have become joyless, 17 《高级英语》(第2册第10课)讲 稿 standardized, hypocritical and sexually unsatisfying. keep up the Joneses: to strive to get all the material things one‘s neighbors or associates have 赶上富邻居,与别人比阔 60. but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, Personification: comparing America to a blind andf deaf person; America could see and hear nothing except the shining gleam and the ringing sound of the dollar; Metonymy: ―glint and ring of the dollar‖ standing for ―attraction of wealth and money‖. --- The American people are not moved or stirred by anything. They are only conscious of money and wealth. 61. there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where “they do things better.” ---The young sensitive intellectuals could find no cure for their worries and anxieties in America, so they emigrated to Europe where everything was done in a better way. ―they do things better‖: in quotes perhaps because it was so written in one of the articles collected in the book Civilization in the United States 62. follow suit — to follow the example set One of the major banks has lowered its interest rate and the other bank is expected to follow suit. 有一家大银行已降低了利率，其他银行也准会照样做的 他上床睡觉，几分钟後她也跟著去睡了。 He go to bed and she follow suit after a few minute. 63. defeated aesthete --- John Andrews is a character in Dos Passos‘ first successful novel Three soldiers (1921). He is highly sensitive to art and beauty but fails to succeed in life. 64. Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) The Nobel Prize in Literature 1954 Ernest Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois, started his career as a writer in a newspaper office in Kansas City at the age of seventeen. After the United States entered the First World War, he joined a volunteer ambulance unit in the Italian army. Serving at the front, he was wounded, and spent considerable time in hospitals. After his return to the United States, he became a reporter for Canadian and American newspapers. 18 《高级英语》(第2册第10课)讲 稿 During the twenties, Hemingway became a member of the group of expatriate Americans in Paris, which he described in his first important work, The Sun Also Rises (1926). Equally successful was A Farewell to Arms (1929), the study of an American ambulance officer's disillusionment in the war and his role as a deserter. Hemingway used his experiences as a reporter during the civil war in Spain as the background for his most ambitious novel, For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940). Among his later works, the most outstanding is the short novel, The Old Man and the Sea (1952), the story of an old fisherman's journey, his long and lonely struggle with a fish and the sea, and his victory in defeat. 65. who tried to find their souls in the Antibes and on the Left Bank ---All these novelists, dramatists, poets and critics who lived in Antibes and on the Left Bank tried to discover their true moral or spiritual nature while living in these places 66. who directed sad and bitter blasts at their native land ---These people wrote bitter and critical articles, stories, etc., attacking the United States, their native land 67. who, almost to a man, drifted back within a few years out of sheer homesickness --- Almost everyone of them came back one after another within a few years to the United States because they all felt unhappy and depressed at being away from home and family. 68. to produce works ripened by the tempering of an older, more sophisticated society --- They came back to the United States and produced works made more mature by the influence and their experience of a more urbane and worldly-wise society of Europe. 69. (A decade) could never be written off as sterile, even by itself in a moment of self-pity. 地写好;报废;完全无用 write off: to drop from consideration 勾销;很快 He has written off a description of the terrible event. 他很快地写好一篇文章，描写这一可怕的事件。 He wrote off three cars in a year because of his dreadful driving. 因他的可怕的驾车技术，他一年内报废了三辆车。 Thank you for giving me the address, I'll write off at once. 谢谢你告诉我地址，我马上就记下来。 --- No one could ignore this period and consider it non-productive for this decade 19 《高级英语》(第2册第10课)讲 稿 produced many famous writers such as Dos Passos, Hemingway, Eugene O‘ Neill, F. Scott Fitzgenerald, etc. Even in a moment of self-pity these writers themselves cannot but admit that their decade was a very productive one. 70. flayed the Babbitts but loved their country --- They bitterly attack the smug, self-satisfied, conventional and materialistic people in the United States but loved America. 71. in so doing gave the nation the liveliest, freshest, most stimulating writing in its literary experience ---In the process of doing the above thing, these young intellectuals produce the liveliest, freshest, and most stimulating literary works that America had so far ever seen. Part Four Rhetorical Devices Rhetorical devices used in this text: I. Transferred epithet Examples in this text: 1. The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:… (para. 1) ii. metaphor Examples in this text: 1. we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality … (para.2) 2. in which they were expected to battle for success. (para.3) 3. … until the crash of the world economic structure at the end of the decade called the party to a halt and forced the revelers to sober up and face the problems of the new age. (para.4) 4. Naturally, the spirit of carnival and the enthusiasm for high military adventure were soon dissipated once the eager young men had received a good taste of twentieth-century warfare. (para.6) 5. They had outgrown town and families and had developed a sudden bewildering world-weariness ... (para.6) 6. add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of "flaming youth", 20 《高级英语》(第2册第10课)讲 稿 (para.8) 7. and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion (para.8) iii. simile Examples in this text: 1. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,…(para.3) iv. metonymy Examples in this text: 1. Greenwich Village set the pattern. (para.7) 2. … it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and "Puritanical" gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center … (para.7) 3. Before long the movement had become officially recognized by the pulpit (which denounced it), …(para.8) v. personification Examples in this text: 1. but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, (para. 9) 21