经纬仪使用说明书（The theodolite USES the instructions）

经纬仪使用说明书（The theodolite USES the instructions） 经纬仪使用说明书(The theodolite USES the instructions) J2 optical theodolite is a kind of precision optical measuring instrument, which is an important position in defense construction and geodetic measurement. It can be widely used in the triangulation of the three or four triangulation of the country and the city. It can also be used for construction of railway, highway, bridge, water conservancy, mining and large-scale enterprises, installation and measurement of large machines. ? The main technical parameters of the instrument? What is the standard deviation in the horizontal direction? Plus or minus 2 "? A measurement standard deviation of the vertical Angle measurement? Plus or minus 6 "? The telescope? Just as? Lens aperture? Phi is 40 mm? Magnification? 30? View field (1000m)? 24 m? The most short-sighted distance? 2 m? By constant? 100? The constant is not clear, right? 0? Dial and micrometer? ? Horizontal dial diameter? 90 mm? Vertical dial diameter? 70 mm? Full yard scale? 360? Minimum grid duty? 20 '? Microcontroller minimum grid duty? 1 '? Automatic return to zero compensator? ? Compensation accuracy? + / - 0.3 "? Compensation range? Plus or minus 3 '? Reading microscope? ? Level system magnification? 48? X? Vertical system magnification? 62? X? Level?? A long level? 20 "/ 2 mm? A round level appliance? 8 '/ 2 mm? Optical to point device?? Magnification? 3? X? Viewing Angle? 7 ? 30 '? Zoom range? 0.3 ~ 6 m? Instrument weight?? The net weight? 6 kg? Gross weight? 9 kg? A telescope? ????? The binoculars are like, using a double - bonded objective lens and symmetrical eyepiece. The structure of the telescope, its image quality and in brightness and clarity are better. ? ? The top and bottom of the binoculars are equipped with optical bombsight so as to be used for the viewing of the mirror. The tube is equipped with a reflector that can be used for observation at night. ? ? The telescope is attached with a protective glass that can be removed when the slabs are stained, and not in the case of cross - wire discoloration and other damage. ? ? Turn the carring (7) in counterclockwise direction, and replace the eyepiece with different magnification according to the user's requirement. ?? Vertical shafting? ??????????????? This instrument adopts the semi-motor shaft system. This kind of shafting and dynamic Angle is smaller than standard garden type garden column (under the condition of the same parameter), steel ball in the shaft and shaft sleeve cone have automatic reduction effect, so the size of the gap of shaft and little impact. ? The friction torque of the semi-motion shafting is small, good wear resistance, and can continue to be used when the diameter of the cone is worn down. At the same time, temperature has less influence on it. ?? Iii. Reading system? ?????????? This instrument adopts the method of matching digital reading. Therefore, we chose the transmission - type scale and the 1:1 lens - type rotation system. The micrometer is used as a micrometer to measure microsystem. ? ?????????? The principle of the mobile optical wedge micrometer is that the light will change through the optical wedge. Therefore, the deflection point of the light is changed by the deflection point of the light. Therefore, the light of the optical wedge produces parallel displacement to achieve its micrometer. ?? 4. Automatic return to zero compensator? ????????? The instrument adopts the suspension compensator, which can eliminate the influence of the multiplication error of the instrument after the leveling of the instrument. The principle is that when the vertical axis of the instrument has a small inclination, The corresponding inverse swing of the suspended flat plate makes the deflection of the light through the plate to eliminate the effect of vertical tilt reading on the vertical axis. Bracket on the button (figure 2), is used to check whether the compensator is normal work, after the leveling instrument, press the button, vertical plate groove (reading) in the window opposite each other, and then slowly back to the initial position, the benefits of work. Otherwise the fault should be ruled out. ? How is the instrument used? ?? The instrument is equipped with a three-jaw base. ? 1. Set? 1. Vertical ball pair? ?????????? Put on site measurement, the tripod ball hanging from a tripod triangular base below the center of the fixed screw on the string of center and aim at site, presser foot tiptoe the grave of, make solid tripod. ? ????? Instrument from the box, one hand sighting, holding the triangle base, carefully put on a tripod head, fixed screw rotation center, the instrument rack fixed on foot, gently move feet spiral (16), make the garden center blisters (20), and move the instrument on the tripod fine, make the vertical ball tip right on site measurement, and then screw down the center of fixed screw. ? If the high point center is on the instrument, a vertical drop can be hung from that point. When the instrument is at the horizontal position, the red point on the heavy sight is aimed at the tip of the ball. ? 2. Optical alignment of the point device? To use optical alignment, the operation is as follows: first, rotate the beater (18) eyepiece, make the partition plate clear, and then stretch the tube to the point device to make the logo clear. ? Slide instrument, which makes the station in the middle of the small circle of the partition board. ? The instrument after sighting of rotate 180 ? inspection equipment in the case, the fixed screw and then screw down the center. ? The instrument is leveled and then refined to a single time. ? Two, leveling? 1. Leveling with a leveling machine? Rotating the instrument's sighting part, which makes the long level (13) parallel to any two legs helix (16), rotating in the opposite direction in the opposite direction, the two feet spiraling, and the bubbles are properly centered. The instrument rotate 90 ?, screw rotating the third foot, make bubble in the middle. ? The above method is adjusted repeatedly until the instrument is rotated to any position, and the maximum deviation value of the level bubble is not more than a quarter of the value. According to the triangulation rules, deviation from 1 ~ 1.5 g is allowed in the observation process. ? The leveler must be kept out of the sun, otherwise the bubble position will change after rotating the instrument. ? 2. Use automatic return to zero compensator for leveling? This instrument can be assisted by automatic return to zero compensator. It is possible to use this method to equalize the instrument to plus or minus 1 or minus 2, which is especially useful for the installation of precision machinery and for horizontal angular observation and vertical alignment with a steep line of sight. ? First, use the long leveling instrument, then press the method to continue:? A. In any position, tighten the transverse shaft brake wheel, then the vertical plate reading (at this time no transverse axle brake handwheel (26) and the telescope vertical micrometry wheel (23)). ? B, the rotation sighting of 180 ? of the vertical plate reading, calculating a and b two vertical plate reading (this time not to touch the horizontal axis of brake wheel vertical micro hand wheel (26) and telescope (23). ? C. Rotation of the camera to the telescope with any two foot spirals A and B until the upper and lower lines of the reading microscope window match. That is to say, to this point, the average calculated in step b has been set up. ? B, the rotation sighting of 90 ?, screw rotating feet c, until the dial engraved lines coincide. ? E, repeat the above steps until the alignment is in any position, and the dial line has overlapping lines, i.e., the vertical disk reading remains constant. ? 3. Sighting? 1. Adjustment of focal length? ????? Turn the telescope into the light, uniform background (sky) and turn the eyepiece (10). Make the crossbar clear and clear, and record the diopter of the position, then the same observer will focus on the diopter. ? ????? , the telescope sighting target rotating telescope focusing handwheel (11), the target of the image is clear, eyes and moving up and down in the eyepiece, check the presence of parallax exist, if any, continued to adjust to, in the process of observation, generally does not allow to focus again. ? 2. Dial reading? ?????????? Two dial readings are beside reading microscope to reading through telescopes, horizontal circle water pingdu dish reflector (17) illumination image, a vertical scale image with vertical plate lighting reflector (2) lighting, located in the outside change like the handwheel (24), in order to transform two disk image. To reveal horizontal circle in the microscope images, change as the handwheel clockwise rotation, until turns motionless, to reveal the vertical scale in the microscope images, the counterclockwise rotation in like the handwheel, turn to not move. No matter the image of that dial appears in the microscope, the image of the small window always appears on the left side of the image of the dial, and the rotation reading microscope (9) can make the image of the dial clear. ? 3. Horizontal disk reading? ?????????? Relax stopper (26) and (15), turn the sighting, using the optical thick sight on the telescope (5) the crosshair rough alignment with the target, locking wheel stopper (26) and (15), and micro hand wheel rotation telescope level (22) and telescope vertical hand wheel (23), make the telescope reticle crosshair sighting targets accurately. Aim to aim less than the width of a double silk and aim with a double thread. ?????????? Turn clockwise to change the handwheel until it can't be turned, so that the cover white line is level, open and rotate the horizontal disk illumination reflector, so that the horizontal disk has uniform and bright lighting. Adjust the reading microscope to make the dial image clear. Remove the cover of the handwheel, then replace the handwheel (14), and rotate the reading window to see the required reading, then pull out the handwheel and cover the cover. It should be noted that it is not advisable to force too large when rotating the handwheel, so as not to affect the telescope's vertical deviation. After the displacement disk position, it is advisable to check whether the target in the telescope is moving. ? The reading conforms to the method; Turn the micrometer hand wheel (25), see dial fluctuation two parts within reading microscope image relative motion, until the grid lines precisely in accordance with up and down, then reading window is showing degrees, minutes and seconds,,. When conforming, it must be as carefully as possible, because it directly affects the accuracy of the readings. The final rotation of the micrometer handwheel must be the same clockwise direction. When turning the micrometer handwheel to the end of measuring micrometer, should be careful not to continue the rotation, so as to avoid damage micrometer. ? Reading method; The number of the whole number is read by the upper window or by the left, and the number in the upper window is the whole ten digits; The remaining single digits and the number of seconds are read from the small window on the left. The micrometer ruler is divided into 600 squares, each of which is 1, the total number is divided, the number on the left is multiplied by 10, and the number of lattice Numbers to the indicator line is the number of seconds. The reading on the dial plus the reading on the micrometer is the correct reading for all. ? 5. Vertical dial reading? ????? Counterclockwise rotation in turn the handwheel to not move so far, make the cover face white line into a vertical position, open and turn the vertical plate lighting mirror, make the vertical scale has uniform light, bright light, according to the above conforms to the method and the reading method can read vertical dial readings. ? ????? The formula for calculating the difference between the perpendicular and the index; ? ??????????????????????????????????? A = (R - L - 180 ?) / 2???????????????????????????????????? I = (R + L - 360 ?) / 2? ?????????? A type? _ vertical Angle, i_ index difference, L_ disk left reading, R_ disk right reading? 4. Measurement of stadia? ?????????? The telescope has a short line on top, bottom, left and right. (FIG. 7) it coordinates with the ruler to find the distance between the measuring site and the ruler. ? ????? The range formula is as follows:???????????????? D = KL + C? ????????? In the formula: D_ target to test site distance? ??????????????????? The length of the l_upper, lower or left parallax is truncated on the ruler. K_ distance multiplication constant??? K = 100?????????????????? C_ distance plus constant??? C = 0? 5. Electric lighting? ???? The electric lighting box plug is inserted into the horizontal and vertical disc illumination reflector. ? ???? When night observation, electric photo studio Ming box on the vertical plate mirror, toggle reflector telescope shifter lever (6) and turn the electric lighting box, even, bright lighting telescope reticle crosshair, can be on the target. ? ????? In order to extend the battery power supply time, the operator should turn off the power supply at any time and not use it for a long time. The battery should be removed from the lighting box to prevent the battery from decaying and damage the inner parts of the box. ? ? Note: this battery box is not explosion-proof. ? J2-2 theodolite was pure this dense optical instrument, as a result, all appropriate action mild when rotating the hand wheel, shoulds not be too hard (base clamping screw (29) can be appropriately lock), so as not to damage equipment and affect the precision of the instrument. ? Adjustment of instruments? ? 1. Correction of the standard level of the standard:? ?????????? Instrument according to the foregoing leveling method at ordinary times, turn the sighting department make a level for the arbitrary two feet screw connection, that amount in the opposite direction screw rotation the feet, make the bubbles in the middle and sighting rotate 90 ?, rotating screw to eliminate the third foot, the other half with level adjustment screw (12). Repeat the above procedure until the standard is in any position. ? 2. Correction of collimation axis error (2c)? ?????????? After the instrument is complete, the same target is observed with the telescope mirror (left, right). , one of which is the time reading minus 180 ? should be equal to the other readings, if both there, the difference is that the collimation axis error 2 times (2 c). The number of the two values is the value of the zero error. Correction method: turn the micrometer handwheel, Make the reading of the micrometer window to be the number of seconds in the above, then rotate the telescope horizontal micrometer wheel to restore the degree of the circle to the state. Then correct the left and right two adjustment screws (FIG. 7) to make the vertical cross filaments correct. To move to the left, slightly relax the adjustment screw on the left hand side of the eyepiece. Slightly tighten the adjustment screw in the right hand and vice versa. According to triangulation micrometry, j2-2 theodolite 2C is not required to be corrected within 12, except for special requirements. ? 3. Correction of the index difference of vertical disk??????????? Instrument, when the goal of sighting telescope horizontal, vertical dial number should be 90 ? 00 '00 "if not this reading, the difference value of indexes. ? ?????????? The measurement of index difference: according to the medium silk method, aiming at a clear target, the left reading of the disk is R and the index difference is R, the index difference is.???????????? I = (R + L - 360 ?) / 2????????????????????? L = 35 '86 ? 14'????????????????????? R = 57 '273 ? 43'????????????????????? I = - 44 "? The correct reading should be: L = 86 ? 15 '19 "?????? R = 273 ? 44 '41 "? ?????????? According to the triangulation rules, the value of the j2-1 theodolite is less than 15, which can not be corrected. The special requirement exception is greater than 15, which should be adjusted. Adjust the method: open the adjustment of the calibration pin (FIG. 8), and then you can see the adjustment screw of the index difference. The theodolite sets the position of the left position, and the micro-hand wheel is placed in the position of the correct reading of the micrometer. Example is the 86 ? 15 '19 ", then the same instead turn the adjusting screw (loose and tight) first, until reading scribed line in the window precise anastomosis, close the cover plate. Please check and make necessary adjustments. ? 4. Adjustment of foot screw and micro screw? ?????????? Foot screw and the adjustment of the micro screw loosening, with table first QianZi loosen the adjusting nut locking screw, with the calibration of dial rod inserted into the adjustment nut hole, inside and outside the slight rotation, can adjust the tightness of the micro. ? 5. Correction of optical alignment deviation? ????????? Instrument, such as the optical plummet to of the methods in the sight of rotated 180 ?, if the small circle on the site measurement deviation reticle, can be adjusted. Adjustment: use the watch cutting to loosen the screw in the center of the small dome above the optical alignment. Remove the cover plate and the head screw of two garden heads and a small flat end tighten screw. Loosen the two cylinder head screws slightly. Tap with a watch cutting. Can be located in the front and rear of the prisms of the screw. Flat end set screw can make prism turns slightly, to turn the sighting department to see any position measurement sites are located in the heart of the small circle reticle, deviation (allow a 0.5 mm), fixed two head screw, adjustment should be 1.5 m and 0.8 m distance, these two goals at the same time to achieve the above requirements so far? The maintenance of the instrument. ? ? ? The j2-2 theodolite is a kind of precision optical instrument which can be used and kept properly, which has a great effect on the service life of the instrument and the accuracy of the instrument. Therefore, must pay attention to protect the parts institution, in order to avoid the loss of the original accuracy, should read the manual before use, be familiar with instrument structure, each part of the handwheel function and operation method, should not remove the instrument casually, In case of failure, the equipment should be repaired or repaired by the repair department and the factory. ? 1. Take care of the instrument from the box, hold the supporting part in one hand, and hold the triangle in the other. The box is the same as when taken out and carefully placed in the box. Place the instrument in the box, set it up and lock it. ? 2. When the instrument is not in use, it should be placed in the instrument box, with a proper amount of desiccant in the box, and the box should be kept in a dry, clean and well-ventilated room. The equipment should be kept in the rain and damp. ? 3. After the instrument is mounted on the tripod, it is firmly fastened to prevent falling. ? 4. When observing, the sunlight should be avoided directly on the instrument, so as not to affect the observation accuracy. ? 5. If there is dust on the telescope lens or eyepiece, brush gently with the soft brush of the field. If there is water or oil, wipe gently with a clean flannelette or mirror paper. ? 6. When indoor and outdoor temperature difference is large in winter, the instrument can be moved out or moved indoors and should be opened after a period of time. ? 7. After the observation of the rain operation, the outside of the instrument shall be dried and the inside of the instrument shall be checked for water vapor. After the water vapor is discharged, it shall be put into the instrument box, so as to avoid the mildew and defilm of the optical parts. ? 8. When the instrument is transported, measures should be taken to prevent the damage of the instruments and instruments. ?