第一单元第一篇
"Good words cost nothing, but are worth much,"said Thomas Fuller,the 17th century British scholar.
“良言不费分文,但价值甚大,”托马斯说丰满,17th世纪英国学者。
They serve to give encouragement and smooth away differences and misunderstandings, as this article explains.
他们服役给予鼓励和克服差异和误解,因为这篇文章解释了。
"Maybe when I'm a hundred,I'll get used to having everything I do taken for granted,"a young homemaker confided to her neighbor.
“也许当我一百岁时,我就会习惯吃我做的一切视为理所当然,”一个年轻的家庭主妇被任命她的邻居。
"If Bill would compliment me once in a while, he'd make my life much happier."
“如果法案恭维我,偶尔也好,他会使我的生活更幸福。”
Few of us realize how much we need encouragement.
我们很少有人意识到我们是多么需要鼓励的。
Yet we must bask in the warmth of approval now and then or lose our self-confidence.
但是我们仍然必须沐浴在温暖的批准,否则现在失去自己的自信。
All of us need to feel needed and admired.
我们都需要去感觉需要和赞赏。
But unless we hear words of praise from someone else,how can we know that we are valued friends or co-workers?
但是如果我们听到别人的赞扬之词,我们怎样才能知道我们有价值的朋友或同事呢?
Anyone who wants to improve his relationships with others need only show a sympathetic understanding.
任何人想要提高自己的和其他人的关系之间只需要显示一个有同情心的理解。
The way to express this understanding and to give others the feeling of importance and worthiness boils down to this:always look for something in the other person you can admire and praise--and tell him about it.
这种理解的方式来
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达,给别人的感觉,重要性和价值归结为:总是寻找一些其他的人,你可以欣赏和赞美——告诉他这件事。
We each have a mental picture of ourselves,a self-image.
我们每个人都有自己的脑海里,一个自我形象。
To find life reasonably satisfying,that self-image must be one we live with,one we can like.
去发现生活相当满足、自我形象必须是一个我们生活在一起的人,一个我们可以像。
When we are proud of our self-image,we feel confident and free to be ourselves.
当我们以我们的队伍为荣的自我形象,我们相信自由是我们自己。
We function at our best.
我们最好的一面。我们功能
When we are ashamed of our self-image,we attempt to hide it rather than express it.
当我们自觉惭愧我们自己,我们尝试把它藏起来,而不是把它表达出来。
We become hostile and hard to get along with.
我们变得敌意和很难相处。
A miracle happens to the person whose self-esteem has been raised.
会发生奇迹的人的自尊已经复活了。
He suddenly likes other people better.
他突然喜欢其他的人更好地。
He is kinder and more cooperative with those around him.
他是仁慈和更多的合作与他周围的那些人。
Praise is the polish that helps keep his self-esteem bright and sparkling.
赞美是波兰才使他的自尊心明亮晶莹剔透。
What has this to do with your giving praise?
这有什么用你的赞美?
A lot.You have the ability to perform that kind of miracle in another person.
一个lot.You有能力执行这样的奇迹在另一个人。
When you add to his self-esteem,you make him want to like you and to cooperate with you.
当你加入他的自尊,你让他想爱你,与你携手合作。
In a classic bit of advice,Lord Chesterfield suggested to his son that he fellow the example of the Duck de Nivernois:"You will perceive that he makes people pleased with him by making them first pleased with themselves."
在一个经典的一些
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,主切斯特了他的建议,他的儿子为例Nivernois鸭德:“你会认识到他使人满意他通过使他们第一次满意自己。”
The effects of praise can be great indeed.
赞美的影响可以确定无疑。
A new minister called to a church jokingly referred to as "the refrigerator",decided against criticizing his congregation for its coolness toward strangers.
一个新部长被召到教堂开玩笑地称为“冰箱”,决定不指责他的会众面前它对于陌生人冷淡。
Instead,he beban welcoming visitors from the pulpit and telling his flock how friendly they were.
相反,他beban接待来访者从讲坛,告诉自己的羊群怎样友好他们。
Time after time he held up a picture of the church as he wanted it to be,giving his people a reputation to live up to.
一次又一次地让他举起了一幅巨大的教堂,因为他想做的,让他百姓的名声,使其与之相配。
The congregation thawed.
会众解冻。
"Praise transformed the ice-cube members into warmhearted human beings,"he said.
“赞扬改变了颗冰块或成员带入人类温情的,”他说。
Sincerity is essential in giving praise.
真诚的赞美是十分必要的。
It lends potency to a compliment.
它把一个恭维。效力
Coming home after a hard day's work ,the man who sees the faces of his children pressed against the window,watching for him,can water his soul with their silent but golden opinion.
回家后,一天的辛苦工作的人,看到他的孩子们的脸紧贴着窗外,看着他,他们自己的灵魂能水无声但黄金的意见。
Praise helps rub off the sharp edges of daily contact.
赞美有助于掉色刀边上的日常联系。
Nowhere is this truer than in marriage.
没有哪个国家比在婚姻。
Yet it is perhaps in the home that the value of praise is less appreciated than elsewhere.
然而,这也许是在家里的价值比其他地方更少感谢赞美。
The spouse who is alert to say the heartening thing at the right moment has learned one of the most important requirements for a happy family life.
配偶谁是提醒说令人振奋的事情正好学会最重要的条件之一,一个幸福的家庭生活。
Children ,especially,are hungry for praise,reassurance and appreciation.
儿童,特别是,都渴望赞美,安全感和欣赏。
A young mother told her pastor of a heartrending incident:
一位年轻的母亲告诉她的牧师令人伤感的事:
"My little boy often misbehaves,and I have to scold him.
“我的小男孩常常言语,我不得不骂他。
But one day he has been especially good.
但是有一天,他一直特别好。
That night,after I trucked him in bed and started downstairs,I heard him crying.
那天晚上,我躺在床上,开始交换他下楼时,我听到他在哭。
I found his head buried in the pillow.
我发现他的头埋在枕头里。
Between sobs he asked,'Mommy,haven't I been a pretty boy today?'"
他啜泣之间问道:“妈妈,我还没成为一个漂亮的男孩,今天好吗?”
"That question went through me like a knife,"the mother said.
“这个问
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经过我像刀子一样,”妈妈说。
"I had been quick to correct him when he did wrong,but when he had behaved,I hadn't noticed.
“我已很快纠正他当他做错了,可是当他的表现之后,我没注意到。
I had put him to bed without a word of praise."
我已经把他放到床没有一句赞扬。”
Take the trouble to find something to commend in your child,and you will discover that both his ability and attitude will improve.
不嫌麻烦来找点东西来表彰在你的孩子,你会发现他个人的能力和态度会提高。
Encouragement though praise is the most effective method of getting people to do their best.
鼓励虽然赞美是最有效的方法让人们尽了自己最大的努力。
As artists find joy in giving beauty to others,so anyone who masters the art of praising will find that it blesses the giver as much as the receiver.
作为艺术家找到快乐美丽给别人,所以谁掌握了艺术的赞扬会发现它不但赐福施予者一样多接收器。
There is truth in the saying,"Flowers leave part of their fragrance in the hand that bestows them."
真理是存在的﹐在说:“花离开他们的部分香味赋予他们的手。”
第一单元第三篇
I never learned hate at home, or shame.
我从未听说过恨在家里或羞耻。
I had to go to school for that.
我不得不去上学的。
I was about seven years old when I got my first big lesson.
我大约七岁的时候,我得到了我的第一个重要的一课。
I was in love with a little girl named Helene Tucker, a light-complexioned little girl with pigtails and nice manners.
我爱上了一个小女孩名叫海伦塔克,一个小女孩light-complexioned辫子又好的礼貌。
She was always clean and she was smart in school.
她总是干净,她在学校是聪明的。
I think I went to school then mostly to look at her.
我想我去学校然后主要是看她。
I brushed my hair and even got me a little old handkerchief.
我拂去我的头发,甚至让我有点陈旧的手帕。
It was a lady's handkerchief, but I didn't want Helene to see me wipe my nose on my hand.
这是一个女士的手帕,但我不想让海伦看我擦擦鼻子在我的手上。
The pipes were frozen again, there was no water in the house, but I washed my socks and shirt every night.
管子再次被冻结了,没有水在那栋房子,但我洗了我的袜子和衬衣的每一个晚上。
I'd get a pot, and go over to Mister Ben's grocery store, and stick my pot down into his soda machine and scoop out some chopped ice.
我会得到一个锅,去先生本的杂货店,并把我的锅下入自己的汽水机,挖出一些切碎的冰。
By evening the ice melted to water for washing.
至傍晚,冰融化的水清洗。
I got sick a lot that winter because the fire would go out at night before the clothes were dry.
我生病了很多冬季,因为火会在晚上出门之前,衣服就干。
In the morning I'd put them on, wet or dry, because they were the only clothes I had.
在清晨,我把它们放在,干、湿,因为他们是唯一的衣服。
Everybody's got a Helene Tucker, a symbol of everything you want.
每个人都有一个海伦塔克,象征着一切你想要的。
I loved her for her goodness, her cleanness, her popularity.
我爱她,因为她善良,她的清洁,她的声望。
She'd walk down my street and my brothers and sisters would yell, "Here comes Helene," and I'd rub my tennis sneakers on the back of my pants and wish my hair wasn't so nappy and the white folks' shirt fit me better.
她将沿着我的街道和我的兄弟姐妹会大喊,"海伦来了,而且我擦我的网球运动鞋在我背后的裤子,希望我的头发不是如此的尿和白色衬衫适合我家人的更好。
I'd run out on the street.
我在街上跑出去。
If I knew my place and didn't come too close, she'd wink at me and say hello.
如果我知道我的地方,没有走得太近,她会对我眨眼和她打个招呼。
That was a good feeling.
那是一段美好的时光。
Sometimes I'd follow her all the way home, and shovel the snow off her walk and try to make friends with her momma and her aunts.
有时候我会一路跟着她的家,铲雪掉她走了,试着和她结交朋友的妈妈和她的阿姨。
I'd drop money on her stoop late at night on my way back from shining shoes in the taverns.
我就把你的钱在她堕落深夜在回来的路上的光芒鞋子的酒馆。
And she had a daddy, and he had a good job.
39她有一个爸爸,他有一个好工作。
He was a paper hanger
他是一个纸衣架
I guess I would have gotten over Helene by summertime, but something happened in that classroom that made her face hang in front of me for the next twenty-two years.
我想我会了海伦的夏季,但一些发生在那个教室,让她的脸挂在我的前面为下一年二十二岁。
When I played the drums in high school, it was for Helene, and when I broke track records in college, it was for Helene, and when I started standing behind microphones and heard applause, I wished Helene could hear it too.
当我踢鼓在高中的时候,那是海伦,当我打破了在大学里的记录,那是海伦,当我开始站在后面麦克风和听到掌声,我希望海伦都可以听到它太。
It wasn't until I was twenty-nine years old and married and making money that I finally got her out of my system.
直到我二十九岁,结婚,赚钱,我终于得到了从我的系统。
It was on a Thursday.
它是在一个星期四。
I was sitting in the back of the room, in a seat with a chalk circle drawn around it.
我正坐在房间的后面,在一个座位与粉笔圈画它。
The idiot's seat, the troublemaker's seat.
这个白痴的座椅,座椅的麻烦制造者。
The teacher thought I was stupid.
老师以为我是愚蠢的。
Couldn't spell, couldn't read, couldn't do arithmetic.
不能法术,不识字,不能做算术。
Just stupid.
只是愚蠢。
Teachers were never interested in finding out that you couldn't concentrate because you were so hungry, because you hadn't had any breakfast.
老师们从不感兴趣发现你不能集中精力,因为你太饿了,因为你没有吃过早餐了。
All you could think about was noontime; would it ever come?
所有你能想到的是正午,它会不断来临?
Maybe you could sneak into the cloakroom and steal a bite of some kid's lunch out of a coat pocket.
也许你可以溜进衣帽间,去偷吃一些孩子的午餐的外套的口袋里。
A bite of something.
咬东西。
Paste.
粘贴。
You can't really make a meal of paste, or put it on bread for a sandwich, but sometimes I'd scoop a few spoonfuls out of the big paste jar in the back of the room.
你不能真的让一顿饭的粘贴,或将它放入面包吃三明治,但有时我想挖几勺子从大酱罐在屋子的后面。
Pregnant people get strange tastes.
怀孕的人得到古怪的味道。
I was pregnant with poverty.
我怀孕的时候和贫穷。
Pregnant with dirt and pregnant with smells that made people turn away.
怀着污垢和怀孕的气味使人离开。
Pregnant with cold and pregnant with shoes that were never bought for me.
孕妇怀孕期间又冷,鞋子,从来没有给我买的。
Pregnant with five other people in my bed and no daddy in the next room, and pregnant with hunger.
怀着五人在我的床上,没有爸爸在隔壁的屋里,和怀孕的饥饿。
Paste doesn't taste too bad when you're hungry.
粘贴尝起来没有味道太糟了,当你饿了。
The teacher thought I was a troublemaker.
老师认为我是一个捣乱者。
All she saw from the front of the room was a little black boy who squirmed in his idiot's seat and made noises and poked the kids around him.
她看见前面的房间是一个黑人小男孩在他的白痴的肚子发出声音的座位,他周围跑来跑孩子们。
I guess she couldn't see a kid who made noises because he wanted someone to know he was there.
我猜她看不到一个孩子发出声音,因为他希望有人知道耶稣在那里。
It was on a Thursday, the day before the Negro payday.
它是在一个星期四,前一天黑人发薪日。
The eagle always flew on Friday.
老鹰总是飞星期五。
The teacher was asking each student how much his father would give to the Community Chest.
老师要求每个学生多少他父亲给的公益金。
On Friday night, each kid would get the money from his father, and on Monday he would bring it to the school.
星期五晚上,每个孩子将得到的钱和自己的父亲,星期一,他会把它带到学校。
I decided I was going to buy a daddy right then.
我决定我本来要买一个爸爸就在那时。
I had money in my pocket from shining shoes and selling papers, and whatever Helene Tucker pledged for her daddy I was going to top it.
我在我的口袋里有钱的光芒鞋和卖报纸,不管海伦塔克宣称对她的爸爸我要上它。
And I'd hand the money right in. I wasn't going to wait until Monday to buy me a daddy.
和我的手在金钱权利。我不想等到星期一给我买一个爸爸。
"My Daddy said he'd give two dollars and fifty cents.
“我爸爸说他会给两美元五十美分。
" "That's very nice, Helene.
“那很好,海伦。
Very, very nice indeed.非常,非常好的确。”
That made me feel pretty good.
这让我感觉不错。
It wouldn't take too much to top that.
这不会花太多的上面。
I had almost three dollars in dimes and quarters in my pocket.
我几乎已经3美元1角和2角5分硬币放到我的口袋里。
I stuck my hand in my pocket and held on to the money, waiting for her to call my name.
我把我的手放在我的口袋,把住了钱,等待她叫我的名字。
But the teacher closed her book after she called everybody else in the class.
但是老师闭上她的
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在她叫班上其他人。
I stood up and raised my hand.
我站起来,举起手。
"What is it now?
“又有什么事?
" "You forgot me?
“你忘记我了吗?
" She turned toward the blackboard.
”她转身朝黑板。
"I don't have time to be playing with you, Richard."
“我没有时间跟你玩,理查德。”
"My daddy said he'd...
“我的爸爸说他会…
" "Sit down, Richard, you're disturbing the class.
“坐下,理查德,你打扰类。
" "My daddy said he'd give...
“我爸爸说他想给…
fifteen dollars."
15美元。”
She turned around and looked mad.
她转过身来,看疯了。
"We are collecting this money for you and your kind, Richard Gregory.
“我们正在收集这钱给你和你的善良,理查德·格雷戈里。
If your daddy can give fifteen dollars you have no business being on relief."
如果你的爸爸能给15美元你就用不着被救援。”
"I got it right now, I got it right now, my Daddy gave it to me to turn in today, my daddy said. .."
“我现在得到了,我知道了现在,我的爸爸给我转向,今天我爸爸说。。”
"And furthermore," she said, looking right at me, her nostrils getting big 2 and her lips getting thin and her eyes opening wide, "We know you don't have a daddy."
“而且,”她说,正在盯着我,她的鼻孔里得到大2和她的嘴唇变薄和她的眼睛睁得:“我们知道你没有爸爸。”
Helene Tucker turned around, her eyes full of tears.
海伦塔克转过身来,她的双眼充满泪水。
She felt sorry for me.
她对我表示遗憾。
Then I couldn't see her too well because I was crying, too.
然后我再也看不见她太好,因为我哭了,太。
"Sit down, Richard.
“坐下,Richard。
" And I always thought the teacher kind of liked me.
“我一直以为老师种喜欢我。
She always picked me to wash the blackboard on Friday, after school.
她总是把我抱到清洗黑板星期五放学后。
That was a big thrill; it made me feel important.
那是一个很大的兴奋;它使我觉得自己很重要。
If I didn't wash it, come Monday the school might not function right.
如果我不洗的话,下周的学校可能不会正确的功能。
"Where are you going, Richard!
“你要去哪儿,Richard !
I walked out of school that day, and for a long time I didn't go back very often.
我走出学校的那一天,还有很长一段时间里我经常没回头。
There was shame there.
那里有羞耻。
Now there was shame everywhere.
现在到处都有羞耻。
It seemed like the whole world had been inside that classroom, everyone had heard what the teacher had said, everyone had turned around and felt sorry for me.
似乎整个世界都是那个教室里,每个人都听到老师讲了些什么,每个人都转过身来,对我表示遗憾。
There was shame in going to the Worthy Boys Annual Christmas Dinner for you and your kind, because everybody knew what a worthy boy was.
有羞耻的男孩去值得一年一度的圣诞晚餐为你和你的善良,因为每个人都知道一个有价值的男孩。
Why couldn't they just call it the Boys Annual Dinner-why'd they have to give it a name?
为什么不可以就叫它是男孩子们年度Dinner-why要他们给它一个名字吗?
There was shame in wearing the brown and orange and white plaid mackinaw' the welfare gave to three thousand boys.
有羞耻的穿棕色、橘色和白色的格子mackinaw的福利给三千个男孩。
Why'd it have to be the same for everybody so when you walked down the street the people could see you were on relief?
为什么要对谁都一样,所以当你走在街上人们可以看到你在解脱吗?
It was a nice warm mackinaw and it had a hood, and my momma beat me and called me a little rat when she found out I stuffed it in the bottom of a pail full of garbage way over on Cottage Street.
这是一个温暖mackinaw也有一个发动机罩和妈妈战胜了我,叫我有一只小老鼠当她发现我塞进一桶底部充满垃圾在街道上的小屋。
There was shame in running over to Mister Ben's at the end of the day and asking for his rotten peaches, there was shame in asking Mrs. Simmons for a spoonful of sugar, there was shame in running out to meet the relief truck.
有羞耻的跑到本先生在一天结束的时候要求他腐烂的桃子,有羞耻的问夫人西蒙斯为一勺糖,有羞耻的跑出来迎接救援卡车。
I hated that truck, full of food for you and your kind.
我讨厌那卡车,充满了食物给你和你的善良。
I ran into the house and hid when it came.
我冲进房子,藏的时候问题就来了。
And then I started to sneak through alleys, to take the long way home so the people going into White's Eat Shop wouldn't see me.
然后我开始潜行于大街小巷,以长回家的路上,所以人们会吃成白色的商店不会看见我。
Yeah, the whole world heard the teacher that day,we all know you don't have a Daddy.
是的,整个世界听到老师那天,我们都知道你没有爸爸。
第四课
ne cold afternoon in 1937 a football game was taking place.
一个寒冷的下午的足球比赛是在1937年发生。
The players were students at Harvard University, near Boston, in the United States of America.
这些球员是哈佛大学的学生,在波士顿附近,在美利坚合众国。
American football is a rough game in which it is easy to get hurt.
美式足球是一个粗糙的游戏,很容易受伤。
The players are usually strong, solid young men.
球员们通常是强大的,坚实的年轻人。
But on this occasion one player was tall and thin.
但在这场合一名球员是长得又高又瘦。
He wasn't really heavy enough for football.
他没有足够的足球非常拥挤。
But he was keen to succeed in spite of that.
但他是敏锐的,而是,尽管成功。
He loved outdoor games and played most of them well.
他喜欢户外运动和出场大部分得很好。
Whatever he did he did with all his heart.
他无论做什么都是尽心去。
He was John Fitzgerald Kennedy.
他是约翰。肯尼迪。
Twenty-three years later he would become President of the United States.
23年后,他将成为美国的总统。
As the excitement of the game increased everyone rushed for the ball at once.
像激动的游戏模式增加了每个人匆忙球在一次。
They landed on top of one another on the hard, frosty ground.
他们降落在彼此的顶部在坚硬的、冷冰冰地。
John Kennedy was underneath.
约翰·肯尼迪下面。
As the other men picked themselves up, ready to continue the game, he lay still.
当其他的男人挑选自己站起来,准备继续比赛,他一动不动的躺着。
At first it was difficult to move.
最初它是难以移动。
He felt as if he had twisted something in his back.
他觉得如果他揪住了他背后的东西。
His arms and legs didn't seem to work.
他的胳膊和腿似乎不工作。
Slowly he rose to his feet.
他慢慢地站了起来。
Sharp pains shot up his back as he stood upright.
锋利的感到剧痛他回来直立行走。
But he refused to have help as he walked off the field.
但他拒绝有帮助,他离开了现场。
That day he hurt his back so badly that it gave trouble the rest of his life.
那天,他伤害他的背得如此厉害,以致它给麻烦他余下的生命。
But few people, either then or later, knew how often this busy and attractive man was in pain.
但是很少人无论在玩牌的时候,还是以后,知道这常常忙和有吸引力的人是痛苦的。
It wasn't in his character to give up.
这不是他的性格中放弃。
John Kennedy was born, as the saying goes, with a "silver spoon in his ninth".
约翰肯尼迪出生,就像一句老话说的那样,“银勺在他九岁”。
His father, Joseph Kennedy, was a wealthy banker.
他的父亲约瑟夫·肯尼迪,是一个富有的银行家。
His mother, Rose, was the daughter of a well-known Boston politician.
他的母亲,玫瑰,是一个著名的波士顿的女儿的政治家。
She had been educated in France.
她在法国受过教育。
Joseph Kennedy had enough money to give each of his nine children a million dollars as they reached the age of twenty-one.
约瑟夫·肯尼迪有足够的钱给他的每个一百万元九个孩子的母亲,他们到达了21岁。
John didn't really have to struggle very hard.
约翰真的没有很努力奋斗。
He didn't have to work for his living.
他不需要工作,他的生活。
But his parents brought their children up to lead useful lives no matter what riches were coming to them.
但是他的父母带孩子来领导使用寿命不管什么财富都要他们。
They taught them to struggle as hard as they could for whatever they believed in and not to be afraid of competition.
他们教人们如何挣扎硬得像他们能无论他们相信并且不要害怕竞争。
They taught them to face life with courage, without complaining.
他们教人们如何面对生活的勇气,没有抱怨。
This was lucky.
这是幸运的。
For, although John had the best doctors that money could provide, he never had the gift of perfect health or of freedom from pain.
因为,尽管约翰的钱可以提供最好的医生,他从来没有完美的健康的礼物或疼痛的缓解。
The Kennedys were a lively family who quarrelled and fought among themselves, as most children do.
肯尼迪家族是一个活泼的家人彼此争吵和斗争,因为大多数的孩子才会做的事。
But they were very loyal to one another.
但他们彼此非常忠诚。
They came from an Irish family and belonged to the Catholic Church.
他们来自一个爱尔兰人家庭和属于天主教堂。
Their religion was important to them and they learned as children to defend their faith.
他们的宗教对于他们来说很重要,他们学会了儿童保护他们的信心。
For the United States is a strongly Protestant country.
美国是一个强烈的新教的国家。
The Kennedy parents were ambitious for their children.
肯尼迪的父母对子女的。
Nothing seemed impossible.
什么似乎是不可能的。
Their grandfathers had arrived in America penniless and uneducated and had made their fortunes.
他们的祖父辈已经抵达美国时身无分文,教育,使他们的财富。
They themselves had worked hard to give their children a good chance in life.
他们自己的努力给他们的孩子在生活中一个很好的机会。
Who knew what John and his brothers and sisters might do?
谁知道约翰和他的兄弟姐妹可能会做什么?
The children looked to their oldest brother Joe to lead the way.
孩子们向他们的古老的哥哥乔带路。
Like many American children he hoped to be president one day.
像许多美国儿童,他希望有一天成为总统。
He was gay and quick-tempered, a fine student and confident leader.
他是同性恋的,性情急躁,好学生和自信的领导人。
He studied to be a lawyer and seemed certain to be a politician like both his grandfathers.
他研究是一个律师,似乎肯定是他祖父的政治家都喜欢。
John was quieter.
约翰是安静的。
He liked books and study although he didn't get top marks at school like his brother.
他喜欢书籍和研究虽然他没有得到前在学校的成绩,像他哥哥。
He seemed likely to become a teacher or writer.
他似乎很可能成为一个老师或作家。
As the boys grew up they travelled to foreign countries.
当孩子长大成人之后就到国外旅行。
John spent a summer in England when he was eighteen.
约翰花了一个暑假在英国当他十八岁。
When he was twenty he travelled through Europe with a friend.
当他二十岁时他和一个朋友穿越欧洲。
It was then 1937.
就在1937年。
Europe was moving towards the Second World War. Most Americans weren't much interested in what was happening outside the United States.
欧洲走向第二次世界大战。大多数美国人不感兴趣外面发生了什么美国。
But when John returned to Harvard he began to take a more serious interest in history and government.
但当约翰回到哈佛他开始接受一个更严重的兴趣在历史上以及政府。
He still spent a lot of time out of doors, swimming and sailing.
他还花了很多时间在户外,游泳和航行。
Instead they went towards another island several miles away.
相反,他们走向数英里外的另一个海岛。
They swam, or floated on a log, to the shore.
他们游,或者一个日志上漂来漂去,到岸边。
One of his companions was wounded so John, who was a very good swimmer, pulled him along by a rope which he held in his teeth until they reached the island.
他的一个同伴受伤所以约翰,他是一个很好的游泳者,把他同用一根绳子,他控制住自己的牙齿,直到他们到达岛上。
That night, tired as he was after nearly twelve hours in the water, he swam out again to look for help.
那天晚上,他几乎累后12小时在水里,他又游了寻找帮助。
For a week he continued to make one attempt after another to fetch help for his eleven men.
一个星期以来,他继续做一个接一个的尝试去拿帮助他的十一个人。
They had no food or water.
他们没有食物或水。
At last he discovered a native of the islands who proved to be friendly to the Americans.
最后他发现了一个证明了岛上的土著美国人要友善。
He took a message which brought an American boat to rescue them.
他把一个信息带来的美国船去救他们。
By this time they were so weak and sick they couldn't have stayed alive much longer.
这时候他们是如此的虚弱和生病的他们不能一直活得更长一些。
John's courage at this time brought him honour.
约翰的勇气,在这个时间使他尊贵。
But he had sacrificed his own strength.
但他牺牲了自己的力量。
He was ill for more than a year after his rescue and was forced, at last, to retire from duty in the Navy.
他病了一年多之后,被迫救他,最后,从海军退役的职责。
The war was almost over but it was a sad time for John.
战争快结束了,但这是一个悲伤的时间为约翰。
He learned that both his brother and his brother-in-law (his sister's husband) had been killed.
他知道他的兄弟和他的两个姐夫(他姐姐的丈夫)被杀死。
John had to consider what he would do next.
约翰不得不考虑他下一步干什么。
He went as a newspaper reporter to the San Francisco meeting that began the United Nations organisation.
他作为一名报社记者去到旧金山会议开始,联合国组织。
It was a very important world event.
这是一个很重要的世界事件。
When he got back to Boston, his father mentioned that a congressman from their state of Massachusetts was giving up his post.
当他回到波士顿,他的父亲提到一个国会议员从马萨诸塞州的放弃了他的职务。
"Why don't you stand for election to Congress, John?
“你为什么不参加竞选国会吗,约翰?
" he added.
“他补充说。
John thought it over and decided to try.
约翰考虑清楚了,决定试一试。
It seemed impossible that he would be elected.
它似乎是不可能的,他会当选。
He was too young, rich and inexperienced to have a serious chance of winning.
他太年轻的,富裕的和没有经验的有严重的获胜的机会。
And there were nine other candidates, a lot of competition.
和其他候选人有9个,很多比赛。
Although he was tall and manly, with thoughtful eyes and a friendly smile, he was thin and pale and looked delicate.
尽管他身材高大,有男子气概,一流的眼睛和一个友好的微笑,他消瘦而苍白,看起来精致。
But there were several things in his favour.
但有几件事对他有利。
One was his courage.
是他的勇气。
Another was his honesty.
另一个是他的诚实。
Massachusetts had had its share of dishonest politicians.
麻萨诸塞州有其股票不诚实的政客。
The Kennedy money helped to make him known to a wide public.
肯尼迪的钱帮助让他知道的广泛关注。
The large Kennedy family united to make speeches and public appearances for him and helped to win a lot of votes.
肯尼迪家族的大曼联为他的演讲和公开露面,也有助于赢得很多选票。
Most of all, John himself was determined to succeed, as he always was, and nothing could stop him.
最重要的是,约翰自己下定决心要成功,因为他总是是,没有什么可以阻止他。
He worked terribly hard and got little sleep.
他工作非常努力,有少的睡眠。
He went into homes, shops, factories, hotels, wherever he might meet people and shake their hands.
他走进房屋、商店、工厂、酒店、无论他可能会遇到一些人,摇动他们的手。
He promised to work for better conditions for the poor — better pay, houses and medical care.
他答应工作为穷人提供更好的条件——更好的待遇、房屋和医疗保健的水平。
He didn't consider himself a rich man's son.
他不认为自己是一个富人的儿子。
He showed that he was ready to help the people who couldn't help themselves.
他表明他很乐意帮这不能帮助自己的人。
He was easily elected and was sent to Washington as a United States Congressman.
选举,他还是很容易被派往华盛顿为美国国会议员。
From then on John Kennedy, with his serious manner and easy charm, became the golden boy of American politics.
从那时起,约翰·肯尼迪,他的严肃态度和容易的魅力,变成了金色的男孩的美国政治。
He couldn't lose.
他不能失去。
After six years as Congressman he returned to Washington in the more important job of Senator from Massachusetts.
6年之后他回到了华盛顿,国会议员在更重要的工作从麻萨诸塞州的参议员。
Then in 1960 he was elected President of the richest and most powerful nation in the world.
后来在1960年,他当选总统的最富有的和世界上最强大的国家。
At forty-three he was the youngest president there had ever been, and the first one who was a Catholic.
在四十三岁的他是最年轻的总统有过,第一位是天主教徒。
The Kennedys, young, gifted and attractive, were like a royal family.
肯尼迪家族,年轻、有才华、有吸引力,像一个皇室家庭。
And John's lovely wife Jacqueline was the perfect young queen.
当下、约翰的可爱的妻子杰奎琳是完美的年轻的皇后。
The Kennedys still stuck together.
肯尼迪家族还粘在一起。
John's brother Robert, aged thirty-five, now became his most trusted adviser and the country's Attorney General.
约翰的兄弟罗伯特,年龄35岁了,现在成了他最信任的顾问和国家的司法部长。
Three years later President Kennedy was dead.
三年后,肯尼迪总统死了。
He was shot by an assassin as he rode with his wife in an open car through the streets of Dallas, Texas.
他被一个刺客,他骑他的妻子一个开着车穿过街道的德克萨斯州的达拉斯。
What made him, in that short time as president, such a bright spot on the American political scene?
是什么使得他,在如此短的时间作为总统,这样一个明亮的光点在美国政治场面?
Why is he better known than presidents who lived longer and did much more?
他为什么比总统更出名的寿命长和表现得更多?
What did the name John Kennedy stand for?
约翰·肯尼迪什么名字代表什么?
Perhaps the answer is to be found in
也许答案是可以发现在
With his brother, the Attorney General, he tried to make sure that the laws of his country gave black people an equal chance with white people.
与他的哥哥,司法部长,他试图确保法律对他的国家给黑人与白人平等的机会。
It was time, he said, to make it "clear to all that race has no place in American life or law".
这是时间,他说,让它“明确一切种族没有发生在美国生活或法律”。
He tried, without success, to obtain better medical care for old people.
他试过了,没有成功,为了获得更好的医疗照顾老人。
He wanted to improve education.
他想改善教育。
History has already begun to show that Kennedy, as President of the United States, made serious mistakes.
历史已经开始显示肯尼迪,作为美国总统,严重的错误。
It was in the name of freedom that he led his country deeper into its cruel, hopeless war in Vietnam.
这是在自由之名,他带领他的国家的深入研究,其残酷的,是没有希望的越南战争。
It was Kennedy, the man, who put his stamp on the world of the early 1960s.
这是肯尼迪,这个人,他把他的邮票贴在1960年代早期的世界。
Instead of the tired old men who led most of the nations, a new star had risen.
而不是疲倦的老人带领大多数的国家,一个新的明星已上升。
A bright, gifted and brave young man, who could do most things well, chose the rough life of politics because he wanted a better world for everyone.
一个明亮的、有才华、勇敢的年轻人,他能做很多事情做好,选择了政治的简陋的生活因为他想要一个美好的世界。从而让每个人。
He made men — and particularly Americans — think better of themselves because he was one of them.
他使人——特别是美国人——认为更好的自己,因为他是其中之一。
He greatly admired the kind of courage that makes men stand alone for the things they believe are right.
他非常钦佩什么样的勇气使人独自站在一边的东西他们认为是正确的。
Once, when he was recovering from illness, he wrote a book about people who were examples of that kind of courage.
有一次,当他从伤病中恢复生病,他写了一本关于人的例子的那种勇气。
He was an example of it himself.
他是一个例子,它自己。
1. But few people, either then or later, know how often this busy and attractive man was in pain. It
wasn't in his character to give up. (L.14-L.16)
但是，不论在当时还是以后的日子里，很少有人知道，这位政务繁忙、富于魅力的人有多少时候是
病魔缠身的。他的性格中没有屈服二字。
2. But his parents brought their children up to lead useful lives no matter what riches were coming
to them. (L.22-L.23)
他的父母从小教育子女，不论将来会拥有什么样的财富，都要过一种有意义的生活。
3. For, although John had the best doctors that money could provide, he never had the gift of perfect
health or of freedom from pain. (L.25-l.26)
因为，约翰虽然请得起最好的医生，但他却从未拥有过天赐的健康体魄，也从未能免受病痛的困
扰。
4. Massachusetts had had its share of dishonest politicians. (L.87)
不诚实的政客在马萨诸塞州已经够多的了。
5. From then on John Kennedy, with his serious manner and easy charm, became the golden boy
of American politics. (L.97-L.98)
从那时起，由于他那端庄而又潇洒的风度，约翰·肯尼迪成了美国政治的宠儿。
6. What made him, in that short time as president, such a bright spot on the American political
scene? (L.107-L.108)
是什么使他在短暂的总统任期内在美国政治舞台上如此光彩照人？
Part IV. Key to T or F and MC questions
F T F T T F T T
D D C C C D
第七课
The Word hero can be confusing, for it has several meanings.
这个词的英雄会混淆,因为它,有好几个意义。
It is often applied to ordinary people who happen to perform an act of great courage- a fireman who saves someone from the principal character of a day ,a novel, or a film is known as the hero of the story, even if he is not particularly brave.
它常用于普通百姓发生在执行一项行动的极大的勇气——一个消防员扑救的人一天的主要角色,小说或电影被称为英雄的故事,即使他并不特别勇敢。
But the heroes and heroines that we are going to consider now constitute a third group.
但英雄辈出,我们也会考虑现在构成第三集团。
They are the giants, the out-of-the-ordinary figures whose superiority fills our hearts with admiration and awe; the men and women who give us a high example to follow, a purpose in life, or sometimes just a dream, because they represent the person that we would like to be.
他们是巨人,其优越性out-of-the-ordinary数据填补了我们的心的赞叹和敬畏,男人和女人给我们一个高的例子去追随,有个生活目标,或者有时仅仅是一个梦,因为他们代表了人,我们愿意。
Humanity has always had such heroes.
人类总是有这样的英雄。
Some have been the saviors or the builders of their country, like George Washington, who gave generations of Americans their model of determination, selflessness, and honor.
有些已经建造的救助者或他们的国家,像乔治华盛顿,谁给一代又一代的美国人他们的模型的决心,无私和荣誉。
Others have been religious leaders or gorgeous women; conquerors, athletes, or pioneers; characters in novels or revolutionaries; saints, sinners, likable robbers, or movie stars.
有些宗教领袖或漂亮女人;征服者自居,运动员,或先驱;小说人物或革命者,圣徒,罪人,可爱的强盗,或电影明星。
Whatever they, they were all stars-shining, glorious, showing the way to their followers below.
不管他们,他们都stars-shining,荣耀,显示方式下对他们的追随者。
The desire to be worthy of them could bring out the best in their admirers.
渴望值得他们能将最好的一面呈现他们的崇拜者。
Many articles have appeared in recent years, claiming that there are no more heroes in the Western world.
近年发表的许多文章,声称没有更多的英雄在西方世界。
The authors says that, particularly in Europe and North America, the young now refuse to admire anyone; that we are living in a world too well informed, too curious showing us the faults of the public figures who could become today’s stars, until we lose faith and start looking for defects in any person who seems worthy of respect.
作者说,特别是在欧洲和北美,现代的年轻人拒绝崇拜任何人,我们生活在一个世界太灵通,太好奇展示给我们的过失公众人物谁能成为今天的明星,直到我们失去信心,开始寻找缺陷的人似乎值得尊敬的。
In a neighbor or a statesman, we try to discover the weaknesses, failures, or ugly motives that are surely hiding behind his noblest action.
在一个邻居或一个政治家,我们试着发现我们的弱点,失败,或丑陋的动机,无疑是隐藏他的高尚的行为。
Is it true that we know too much?
这是真的,我们知道得太多了?
Were our ancestors lucky to be only partly informed?
我们的祖先是幸运的是只是部分通知吗?
Those who read the first biographies of Charlemagne, George Washington, Joan of Arc, or other great men and women of the past were not told that their hero had bad breath or disliked his mother; they only found a description of his great accomplishments and their admiration was strengthened.
那些读第一查理曼的传记,乔治华盛顿,圣女贞德、或其他伟大的男性和女性的过去并没有被告知他们心目中的英雄也有异味或不喜欢他的母亲,他们只找到一个描述他的伟大成就和仰慕得到加强。
In fact, early biographers didn’t hesitate to make up an admirable story or two about their hero.
事实上,早期的传记作者毫不犹豫地组成了一个极佳的两个故事关于他们的英雄。
The man who wrote the first biography of Washington, for instance, invented the cherry tree; he admitted later that there was no truth in it, but he said that it was in character and that it would give young men a god example to follow.
人写第一本传记的华盛顿,例如,发明了一棵樱桃树下,他承认后,无真相,但他说那是在性格上,它将会给年轻人的神的例子来跟随。
His readers didn’t seem to object; the book was reprinted eighty times-a tremendous success in those days.
他的读者似乎不对象;书再版八十times-a极大的成功,那些日子。
Modern biographers do not invent such stories; they respect the facts, as indeed they should.
现代传记作者不发明这样的故事,他们尊重事实,正如他们确实应该。
But we pay a price for their truthfulness, for in their efforts to show “the whole person,” they tell us more than we really need to know about private lives, family secrets, and human weakness.
但我们支付的价格为其真实性,因为他们在努力显示“完整的人”,他们告诉我们,比我们真的需要知道关于私人生活、家庭秘密,人类的弱点。
The true greatness of a fine man is often forgotten in the display; and people lose not only their admiration for him, but their willingness to trust any other ”star” completely.
真正的伟大的一个好的人,常常被人们忘记在显示;人们失去的不只是仰慕他,但他们愿意相信任何其他“明星”完全。
The shows clearly in the remarks of a group of high-school students near Los Angeles, who were asked whom they admired.
在备注中可以清楚地看到了一群高中生,在家开轰趴洛杉矶附近,那些被要求他们所欣赏。
“ Nobody,” said a young man , “because the objects of our early admiration have been destroyed.
“没有,”一个年轻人说:“因为我们早期的对象被毁。钦佩
People we wanted to believe in have been described to us with all their faults and imperfections; that makes it hard to trust the ‘historical’ heroes.
我们想要相信了我们所有的缺点和缺陷,使得很难信任的历史的英雄。
” Another students, a girl, added, “the people we try to imitate are the unknown adults, the noncelebrities
“另一个学生,一个女孩,补充说,“我们试图模仿是未知的成年人,noncelebrities
in our lives.
在我们的生活中。
Instead of dreaming of being like some famous woman somewhere, I want to be like my mom’s best friend, whom no one in this room would know.
而不是梦想就像一些著名的女某个地方,我要像我妈妈最好的朋友,就是没有人在这个房间里就会知道。
But I know and admire her, and that’s enough to me.”
但是我也知道并且欣赏她,那是对我来说够了。”
The qualities required of a hero vary with the times, and some great figures of a certain period would surprise the people of another generation.
一种英雄的品质要求随著时代,和一些伟大人物的一个特定的时期会惊喜的新一代。
Consider the explosion of love and grief that followed the death of John Lennon in December 1980.
考虑爆炸的爱和悲伤的死亡后,约翰·列侬于1980年12月。
Few deaths have caused such deep sorrow, such mourning, in so many countries throughout the history of the world.
很少引起死亡的悲痛,这样的悲哀,在很多国家在整个世界的历史。
There is no doubt that Lennon was a hero for his mourners.
毫无疑问,列侬为他的哀悼者是一个英雄。
Why?
为什么?
What had he done that was so remarkable?
他做那件事是如此显著?
“John was not just a musician,” says one of his admirers.
“约翰不仅仅是一个音乐家,”有人说他的崇拜者。
“He had known how to express my generation’s feelings in the late 1960s.
“他知道如何表达我这一代的感情在1960年代晚期。
He was our voice and our guide; he changed with our over the years, always a little ahead of us; he opened new horizons for us and encouraged us to venture farther, to dare.
他是我们的声音和我们的指引;他改变了我们在过去的几年里,总是有点在我们的前方,他为我们打开新的视野和鼓励我们的风险远,敢。
To us he talked of love and peace; he was the big brother we needed in a troubled time.
我们谈到了爱与和平;他是一个大哥哥。我们需要在一个麻烦的时间。
” Some of Lennon’s admirers may have been aware that he was not perfect; but they chose to ignore his dark side to remain grateful for the positive contribution he had made in their lives.
“有些列侬的仰慕者可能已经知道他并不是完美的,但他们却忽视他的黑暗的一面保持感激做出积极的贡献比他在他们的生活。
There are surely many people who don’t consider John Lennon a hero, who in fact have a very low opinion of him.
肯定有很多人不认为约翰·列侬一个英雄,事实上有一个极低的对他的看法。
But it is not unusual for one person’s hero to be another person’s villain.
但这是不寻常的,一个人的英雄是另一个人的恶棍。
Think of all the leaders, the revolutionaries, and conquerors who are deeply respected by one nation, one religious group, or one generation, and despised or hated by others.
认为所有的领导人,革命者,征服者非常尊重的一个国家,一个宗教团体,或一代,藐视或受人恨。
Television and films offer many shallow heroes to their young audiences.
电视和电影提供许多浅英雄,他们年轻的观众。
Many parents are unhappy to see their children’s admiration for Superman.
很多家长都不看到孩子的钦佩超人。
Spiderman, or for some extravagant rock singer without ideas or talent.
《蜘蛛侠》,或者有些奢侈摇滚歌手没有想法或人才。
But such heroes do not last very long; and after a few years the growing teenagers are laughing at these objects of their young admiration.
但这样的英雄不会持续很长,几年后日益增长的青少年嘲笑这些对象他们年幼的赞赏。
They start looking for better guides.
他们开始寻找更好地指导。
And no matter what they say.
,无论他们怎么说。
They do find them.
他们发现他们。
The student who was wise enough to recognize qualities in her mother’s friend has a perfectly good heroine of her own, and one who is much easier to imitate than George Washington or Clara Barton.
学生谁是有足够的智慧去认识素质在她妈妈的朋友有一个完美的主人公自己的,一个是更容易模仿比乔治华盛顿或克拉拉•巴顿。
It may be difficult to be a hero in the western world these days, under the searching eyes of a critical society.
很难成为一个英雄在西方世界的这些日子里,在探索的目光中,对这一至关重要的社会。
But surely excellence has not disappeared completely; there are still individual who are superior to their fellow men by their wisdom, their courage, or their character.
但肯定的是最不完全消失;还有人比他们的同胞的智慧,他们的勇气,或他们的个性。
They can be heroes if people are willing to ignore their human imperfection and to admit the respect that their admirable qualities inspire.
他们可以成为英雄,如果人们愿意忽视它们的人类缺陷、承认的尊重他们的优良品质激励。
Heroes are needed everywhere, at any time.
到处都需要英雄,在任何时候。
It’s a sad sky that has no shining stars.
这是一个悲哀的天空没有闪烁的明星。
第五课
A rifle, an ax and a bag of corn.
一支步枪,一把斧头和一袋玉米。
These were the weapons in a fierce battle — a fight that took courage, a struggle in which only the strong survived.
这是一场激烈的战斗的武器——而鼓起了勇气,一场斗争,在其中只有强者存活。
Unlike the usual run of battles, this was not a fight of one organized army against another; it was a more thrilling war between men, women, and children on the one side, and the uncharted wilderness on the other.
不像往常一样跑的战役,这不是一个战斗中的一个有组织的军队向另一个人,这是一个更优越的之间的战争的男人、女人和孩子在这边、未知的荒野的。
From 1770 to 1840 the movement west grew from a handful of people to hundreds of thousands.
从1770年到1840年西方运动了一把人们成百上千。
Swarms of land seekers poured into the Mississippi Valley.
成群的土地避难者涌入密西西比河流域。
It became a stampede.
它成为牛群。
Single men packed up and left, families packed up and left, whole towns packed up and left.
单身男人打包及左、家庭卷走了整个城镇收拾起自己的东西,离开了。
America was on the move.
美国是在移动。
In 1770 there were five thousand people west of the Appalachians; in 1840 there were eight million.
在1770年有五千人阿巴拉契亚山脉以西。1840年,共有八百万。
Millions and millions of acres of land were occupied by the moving horde.
数百万数百万英亩的土地被移动的部落。
Never before had the world seen such a movement.
从来没有见过这样的运动的世界。
It was a never-ending stream.
这是一个永无止境的小溪。
Towns grew and villages sprang up almost overnight.
城镇和村庄几乎在一夜之间拔地而起。
"Mount Pleasant in Jefferson County, Ohio, was in 1810 a little hamlet of 7 families living in cabins.
“愉悦山在杰斐逊,俄亥俄州,是在1810年一个小哈姆雷特的7个住在船舱。
In 1815 it contained 90 families numbering 500 souls, had 7 stores and 3 taverns, a meeting-house, a schoolhouse, a market-house, a machine for spinning wool, a factory for making thread, and 40 artisans and mechanics representing 11 trades."
在1815年,它包含90个家庭编号500的灵魂,有7个商店和3个酒馆,是从议事厅,校舍,market-house、机器为纺羊毛、工厂制作线、40工匠和力学代表11交易。”
In 1817 John Calhoun said, "We are great, and rapidly — I was about to say fearfully — growing.
在1817年约翰Calhoun说:“我们是伟大的,并迅速——我想说的是恐惧-成长。
" Perhaps fearfully was the correct word.
“也许恐惧是正确的字。
The figures alone shout the story.
单独的数字呼的故事。
Michigan had
密歇根州有
in 1810: 4,000 people
1810年:4000人
in 1820: 8,000 people
1820年:8000人
in 1830: 31,000 people
1830年:31000人
in 1840: 212,000 people
1840年:212000人
This in only thirty years!
这只有三十年了!
It was astounding.
这是惊人的。
The broadening line, moving, moving, ever moving to the West.
扩大的线条,移动,移动,曾经向西移动。
From the size of this tremendous westward movement it would be natural to suppose that going west was the easiest job in the world.
从这个巨大的大小西进运动人们很自然地会想去西方世界上最容易的工作。
Not at all.
一点也不。
Most of these moving people were moving primarily because they had little or no money, so plush seats in speedy railroad trains that could make the journey in twenty-four hours were not for them; besides, railroad trains as we know them simply did not exist for anyone, money or not.
大多数这些感人的人移动主要是因为有很少或根本没有钱,所以长毛绒的座位在快速火车旅行将使得在二十四小时内不适合自己的;此外,火车如同我们知道他们根本不存在任何、金钱或不是。
The superb concrete roads familiar to us were not even dreamed of; trucks and automobiles with cushioned shock absorbers, comfortable springs, and rubber tires, were seventy-five years in the future.
高超的混凝土路面我们熟悉甚至没有梦想,卡车和汽车衬垫减振器、舒适的弹簧和橡胶轮胎,在七十五年后的未来。
No, for these early pioneers, going west was what they wanted to do, but not because it was easy to do it.
没有,因为这些早期的拓荒者,去西部他们想做的事情,而不是因为它是容易的去做。
The Appalachian Mountains, though not as high as the Rockies, were nevertheless a real barrier.
阿巴拉契亚山脉,虽然不高的落基山脉,然而,一个真正的障碍。
Rivers which cut through the mountains were, of course, a great help.
河流穿越群山是正确的,当然,有很大帮助。
But the traveler had to ford the streams, and getting his family and cattle across was not very simple.
但是旅行者不得不福特小溪,使他的家人和牛在并不是很简单的。
Occasionally a summer rain would swell a mountain creek into a rushing torrent.
有时候一个夏天雨水会膨胀成一座山溪,要用毁灭的筛箩。
Then crossing was very dangerous.
然后穿过是很危险的。
Always there was the fear of attack by the Indians.
总是有害怕攻击印第安人。
Once safely past the mountains, the going was a little easier.
一旦安全跑过山,会是一个更容易一些。
Then the whole family, husband, wife, children, and cattle could board a raft or keelboat on a river and float with the current downstream.
然后整个家庭、丈夫、妻子、儿女、牲畜可以上漂流或龙骨船浮在一条河,与当前的下游。
Unfortunately, because so many people were making the journey westward, it was difficult to procure a boat right away.
不幸的是,因为有那么多的人正在旅途西部,很难弄到的一条船马上。
Since everybody was on the move, workmen were hard to find.
既然每个人都在移动时工人很难找到。
Often a traveling family would have to wait weeks before its boat was built.
经常旅行的家庭将会等待几周之前,其船建造。
And always, even while floating down the river, there was the danger of surprise attacks by the Indians on the shore.
并且,永远,甚至当向河的下游漂去,突然袭击的危险的印第安人在岸边。
For this reason many flatboats were entirely enclosed on all sides so that they looked like floating forts.
因为这个原因,许多flatboats完全封闭的四周,以便他们看起来像漂浮城堡。
Wherever the road was wide enough, wagons were used.
无论这条路是够宽、马车被使用。
But many people couldn't afford even the crude, uncomfortable wagons of the time.
但许多人买不起甚至是原始的,不舒服的马车的时候。
To see whole families walking hundreds of miles on foot was a common sight.
看到一家人走几百英里步行是一种司空见惯。
Often it was pitiful to behold.
通常就是可怜的观看。
"A family of 8 on their way from Maine to Indiana walked all the way to Easton, Pa.
“一个家庭的8从缅因州到印地安那州一路走到伊顿,爸爸。
(about 415 miles), which they reached late in February, dragging the children and their worldly goods in a hand cart.
(约415英里),他们到达晚在二月,拖着孩子们和他们的世俗财物一只手上推车。
A blacksmith from Rhode Island made his way in the dead of winter across Massachusetts to Albany (about 200 miles).
来自罗德岛州的一个铁匠在死寂的冬天在麻萨诸塞州到奥尔巴尼(约200英里)。
In a little cart on four plank wheels a foot in diameter were some clothes, some food and two children.
在一个小轮车四板材一英尺的直径都有些衣服,一些食物和两个孩子。
Behind it trudged the mother with an infant at the breast and 7 other children beside her.
它背后沿著母亲带着个婴儿在乳腺癌和7其他孩子在她身边。
" It took courage to face hardships like that.
“这花了那样的勇气去面对困难。
No, moving west was not easy.
不,再远不是一件容易的事。
It was a life full of hardships.
这是一个生活充满艰辛。
Even later, when the National Road was built and steamboats took the place of flatboats and the Indians were finally pushed far enough back to be less dangerous, even then the journey had its difficulties and dangers.
稍后,在全国建立了道路汽船代替了flatboats和印地安人终于推回到足够远的危险性,即使那时旅程有其困难和危险。
Yet hordes of people continued to push west.
然而成群结队的人们还在继续推动西部。
Though occasionally land companies helped emigrants to get to lands that they wanted to sell, and sometimes groups of neighbors from eastern towns would band together and travel in one body, nevertheless the West was filled up, in the main, by separate families.
尽管偶尔地产公司帮助移民去的土地,他们想要出售的,有时团体的邻居来自东部城镇会团结起来、旅游于一体,不过西方就填满了,在大多数情况下,由不同的家庭。
Husband, wife, and children, hungry for land of their own, this was most often the unit that braved the dangers of travel, climbed the mountains, trudged over the trails, floated down the rivers, and carved a home out of the dense wilderness.
丈夫、妻子和孩子,渴望自己的土地,这是最常见的单位,冒着危险的旅行,去爬山,跋涉在创新,飘落河流,雕刻了一个家密集的荒野。
第六
1. Swarms of land seekers poured into the Mississippi Valley. It became a stampede. Single men
packed up and left, families packed up and left, whole towns packed up and left. America was on
the move. (L.7-L.9)
成群的寻找土地的人向密西西比河流域蜂拥而来。这已成了一种不可抗拒的潮流。单身汉们卷起铺
盖走人，全家老小收拾家当背井离乡，甚至全镇的人都打起行李告别故土。整个亚美利加在迁徙。
2. They went in trains of from 6 to 50 wagons each day. (L.25-L.26)
每天，大蓬车列队而行，每队6辆至50辆车不等。
3. Never before had the world seen such a movement. It was a never-ending stream. Towns grew
and villages sprang up almost overnight. (L.27-L.28)
这个世界从未见过这样川流不息的迁徙。几乎一夜之间，城镇村落如雨后春笋般地兴起。
4. The figures alone shout the story. (L.35)
仅仅这些数字就足以充分
说明
关于失联党员情况说明岗位说明总经理岗位说明书会计岗位说明书行政主管岗位说明书
事实了。
5. Rivers which cut through the mountains were, of course, a great help. But the traveler had to ford
the streams, and getting his family and cattle across was not very simple. Occasionally a
summer rain would swell a mountain creek into a rushing torrent. Then crossing was very
dangerous. (L.52-L.55)
当然，穿山而过的河流会助人一臂之力。但是旅行者得涉水过河，要使全家老小和牲畜都平安渡过
并不是件轻而易举的事。有时，夏天一场雨会使山溪暴涨，变成湍流，那时过河就十分危险了。
6. In a little cart on four plank wheels a foot in diameter were some clothes, some food and two
children. Behind ti trudged the mother with an infant at the breast and 7 other children beside her.
(L.70-L.72)
四只直径一英尺的木轮架起一辆小推车，车上装着些衣物、食品，还坐了两个孩子。孩子的母亲蹒
跚地跟在车后，怀中抱着一个婴儿，还有七个孩子跟随左右。
7. Though occasionally land companies helped emigrants to get to lands that they wanted to sell,
and sometimes groups of neighbors from eastern towns would band together and travel in one
body, nevertheless the West was filled up, in the main, by separate families. Husband, wife, and
children, hungry for land of their own, this was most often the unit that braved the dangers of
travel, climbed the mountains, trudged over the trails, floated down the rivers, and carved a home
out of the dense wilderness. (L.77-L.83)
虽然，偶尔有的土地公司协助移民到达公司想出售的地区，有时东部城镇的左邻右舍也会聚在一
起，集体上路，但是，西部的主要移民单位还是单个的家庭。他们渴望得到自己的土地，丈夫、妻
子连同孩子们不畏旅途的艰险，爬山涉水，踏遍崎岖小路，在杂木丛生的荒野之中营建自己的家
园。
第九
Part III. Translation of some difficult sentences from the text
1. Death always enforces respect. (L.9-L.10)
死亡总是令人肃然起敬。
2. The driver, however, was not in the least impressed with the seriousness of his responsibility.
(L.12-L.13)
然而车夫却丝毫没有意识到负有不可推卸的责任。
3. A general shout of laughter went up, and the man who had been so anxious to enforce respect for
the dead said something about feeling dry. Soon the keeper of the nearest bar was helping the
boys give the joke all the attention it deserved. (L.34-L.36)
一阵哄堂大笑。那位急于向死者致敬的人含糊其辞地说口渴了。不一会儿，在最近的一家酒吧里，
老板已经在给大伙儿斟酒，把这场笑话推向了高潮。
4. His clothes -- such as were left -- were wet with melting snow, and he had a half-starved,
half-crazy expression. (L.65-L.67)
他的衣服（也就是还留在身上的那些）被融化的雪浸湿了，他的脸上有一种半是饥饿，半是疯狂
的神情。
5. "When I was in England, I always kept Christmas. But I've been wandering around in the
mountains until I've lost track of the feasts of the church." (L.82-L.84)
"我在英国的时候，总是要过圣诞节的。可我在山里转了这么长时间，连教会的节日也忘记了。"
6. Gaining confidence as he progressed, he soon bent to his work like a master. The instrument
was not in exact tune, but the ears of his audience heard nothing wrong. (L.96-L.98)
他弹着弹着便有了信心，很快就像个大师那样专心致志地演奏起来。钢琴的音调不很准，但听众们
并没有听出什么破绽。
7. All the sad and touching songs that came up like dreams of childhood, this unknown player drew
from the piano keys. (L.100-L.102)
这些哀怨动人的歌曲如童年的梦幻一般飘起，这都是由这位不知名的演奏者从琴键上弹出来的。
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