英语(二)自学教程 UNIT 1

Unit 1 The Power of Language Text A Pre-reading Questions 1.Do you usually challenge the idea an author represents? What do you think ia active reading? 2.What suggestions do you expect the author will give on reading critically? Critical Reading Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the authot puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here ate hte things you should do to be a critical reader. Consider the context of what is written.You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours: Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author. Question assertions made by the author.Don`t accept what is written at face value. Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for ant assertions made. Look for facts examples, and statistics that provide support. Also, look to see if the author has integrated the work of authorities. Compare what is written with others written work on the subject. Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject. If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies. Analyze assumptions made by the author. Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions. In many cases, the author`s assumptions. Once you identify an assumption, you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid. Evaluate the sources the author uses. In doing this, be certain that the sources ate credible. For example, Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics. Also be certain that the sources are relevant. Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry. Finally, if the author is writing about a subject in its current state be sure that the sources are current. For example, studies done be Einstein in the early 20th century may mot be appropriate if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in physics. Identify any possible author bias. A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican. What is written may very well reflect a biased position. You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the author has written. That is, take what is written with “a grain of salt”. By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate. Text B Pre-reading Questions 1.Are there any words that make you feel confident or diffident? 2.Do you believe that languages can influence people`s thought? Give some examples. The Language of Confidence The language we use programs our brains. Mastering our language gives us a great degree of mastery over our lives and out destinies. It is important to use the language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve our quality of life. Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our subconscious mind, which is like a child, and it doesn`t really understand the difference between what really happens and what you imagine. It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it-- whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you. “Try” It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says, “I`ll try to do that” you know that they are not going to be putting their whole heart into it, and may not even do it at all. How often do you use the word try when talking about the thing that matter to you? Do you say “I`ll try to be more confident” or “I`ll try to do that” or “I`ll try to call”? Think about something that you would like to achieve, and say it to yourself in two different ways. Firstly say, “I`ll try to…” and notice how you feel. Next say, “I will do…” and see how you feel. The latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesn`t it? It gives you a sense of determination, a feeling that it will be done. Listen to the people around you and when they say they will try notice if it gets done or not. Eliminate the word try from your dictionary and see how your life improves. “Can`t” This is another small word with a big impact. It disempowers us, makes us feel weak and helpless, and damages our self-esteem. It limits our infinite abilities and stifles creativity. Rub it out from your internal dictionary and replace it with something that makes you feel great. Instead of saying you can`t, why not say something like “I choose…”or “I choose not to…”. Using words like this allows you to take back your power and to be in control of your life. Words may appear small and insignificant, yet they can have a deep and lasting effect on us. Mastering your language gives you the power to live whatever life you desire. What words do you use a lot that disempower you? Make a list of words you commonly use and then write next to them some alternatives you can use. Make these alternatives words that make you feel fabulous, not only about yourself, but about life and what you are doing!