听力
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (40 min)
In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each ques tion on your Coloured Answer Sheet.
SECTION A TALK
Questions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section .At the end of the talk you w ill be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now list en to the talk.
1. The rules for the first private library in the US were drawn up by ___.
A. the legislature B. the librarian C. John Harvard D. the faculty members
2. The earliest public library was also called a subscription library bec ause books ___.
A. could be lent to everyone
B. could be lent by book stores
C. were lent to students and the faculty
D. were lent on a membership basis
3. Which of the following is NOT stated as one of the purposes of free pu blic libraries?
A. To provide readers with comfortable reading rooms.
B. To provide adults with opportunities of further education.
C. To serve the community’s cultural and recreational needs.
D. To supply technical literature on specialized subjects.
4. The major difference between modem private and public libraries lies i n ___.
A. readership B. content C. service D.function
5. The main purpose of the talk is ___.
A. to introduce categories of books in US libraries
B. to demonstrate the importance of US libraries
C. to explain the roles of different US libraries
D. to define the circulation system of US libraries
SECTION B INTERVIEW
Questions 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you wil l be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.
6. Nancy became a taxi driver because ___.
A. she owned a car
B. she drove well
C. she liked drivers’ uniforms
D. it was her childhood dream
7. According to her, what was the most difficult about becoming a taxi dr iver?
A. The right sense of direction.
B. The sense of judgment.
C. The skill of maneuvering.
D. The size of vehicles.
8. What does Nancy like best about her job?
A. Seeing interesting buildings in the city.
B. Being able to enjoy the world of nature.
C. Driving in unsettled weather.
D. Taking long drives outside the city.
9. It can be inferred from the interview that Nancy in a(n) ___ moth er.
A. uncaring B. strict C. affectionate D. perm issive
10. The people Nancy meets are
A. rather difficult to please
B. rude to women drivers
C. talkative and generous with tips
D. different in personality
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
Question 11 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you wil l be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.
11. The primary purpose of the US anti-smoking legislation is ___.
A. to tighten control on tobacco advertising
B. to impose penalties on tobacco companies
C. to start a national anti-smoking campaign
D. to ensure the health of American children
Questions 12 and 13 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item , you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.
12. The French President’s visit to Japan aims at ___.
A. making more investments in Japan
B. stimulating Japanese businesses in France
C. helping boost the Japanese economy
D. launching a film festival in Japan
13. This is Jacques Chirac’s ___ visit to Japan.
A. second B. fourteenth C. fortieth D. forty-first
Questions 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item , you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.
14. Afghan people are suffering from starvation because ___.
A. melting snow begins to block the mountain paths
B. the Taliban have destroyed existing food stocks
C. the Taliban are hindering food deliveries
D. an emergency air-lift of food was cancelled
15. people in Afghanistan are facing starvation.
A. 160,000 B. 16,000 C. 1,000,000 D. 100 ,000
SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING
Fill each of gaps with ONE word. You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.
On Public Speaking
When people are asked to give a speech in public for the first time, they usually feel terrified no matter how well they speak in informal situations. In fact, public speaking is the same as any other form of (1)___ 1.___ that people are usually engaged in. Public speaking is a way for a speaker to (2)___ his thoughts with the audience. Moreover, the speaker is free 2.___ to decide on the (3)___ of his speech. 3.___ Two key points to achieve success in public speaking: —(4)___ of the subject matter. 4.___ —good preparation of the speech. To facilitate their understanding, inform your audience beforehand of the (5)___ of your speech, and end it with a summary. 5.___ Other key points to bear in mind: —be aware of your audience through eye contact. —vary the speed of (6)___ 6.___ —use the microphone skillfully to (7)___ yourself in speech. 7.___ —be brief in speech; always try to make your message (8)___ 8.___ Example: the best remembered inaugural speeches of the US presidents are the (9)___ ones. 9.___ Therefore, brevity is essential to the (10)___ of a speech. 10.___
改错
Part Ⅱ Proofreading and Error Correction (15 min)
The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and wri te the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/’ and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.
Example
When∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an
it never／ buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never
them on the wall. When a natural history museum
wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibit
The grammatical words which play so large a part in English
grammar are for the most part sharply and obviously different 1.___
from the lexical words. A rough and ready difference which may
seem the most obvious is that grammatical words have“ less
meaning”, but in fact some grammarians have called them 2.___
“empty” words as opposed in the “full” words of vocabulary. 3.___
But this is a rather misled way of expressing the distinction. 4.___
Although a word like the is not the name of something as man is,
it is very far away from being meaningless; there is a sharp 5.___
difference in meaning between “man is vile and” “the man is
vile”, yet the is the single vehicle of this difference in meaning. 6.___
Moreover, grammatical words differ considerably among
themselves as the amount of meaning they have, even in the 7.___
lexical sense. Another name for the grammatical words has been
“little words”. But size is by no mean a good criterion for 8.___
distinguishing the grammatical words of English, when we
consider that we have lexical words as go, man, say, car. Apart 9.___
from this, however, there is a good deal of truth in what some
people say: we certainly do create a great number of obscurity 10.___
when we omit them. This is illustrated not only in the poetry of
Robert Browning but in the prose of telegrams and newspaper headlines.
阅读理解 A
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 min)
SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 min)
In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your Coloured Answer Sheet.
TEXT A
Despite Denmark’s manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they a re to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance , the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgen ce of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say, “Denmark is a great country.” You’re supposed to figure this out for yo urself.
It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budg et goes toward smoothing out life’s inequalities, and there is plenty of money f or schools, day care, retraining programmes, job seminars-Danes love seminars: t hree days at a study centre hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs—there is no Danish Academy to defend against it —old dialects persist in Jutland that can barel y be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes,“ Fe w have too much and fewer have too little, ”and a foreigner is struck by the swe e t egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It’ s a nation of recyclers—about 55 % of Danish garbage gets made into something new— and no nuclear power plants. It’s a nation of tireless planner. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.
Such a nation of overachievers — a brochure from the Ministry of Busines s and Industry says, “Denmark is one of the world’s cleanest and most organize d countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most c orruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere. ”So, of course, one’s heart l ifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings(“Foreigne r s Out of Denmark! ”), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slu mped in the park.
Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it co mes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nic e clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jay-walkers. Peopl e stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if it’s 2 a.m. a n d there’s not a car in sight. However, Danes don’ t think of themselves as a w ai nting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people——that’s how they see Swedes and Ge r mans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is( though one should not say it)that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few n atural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained.
The orderliness of the society doesn’t mean that Danish lives are less me s sy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear ple nty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society c an not exempt its members from the hazards of life.
But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn’t feel bad f o r taking what you’re entitled to, you’re as good as anyone else. The rules of th e welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your jo b, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest witho ut a sense of crisis.
16. The author thinks that Danes adopt a ___ attitude towards their country.
A. boastful B. modest C. deprecating D. mysterious
17. Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the pa ssage?
A. Fondness of foreign culture. B. Equality in society. C. Linguistic tolerance. D. Persistent planning.
18. The author’s reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business a nd Industry is ___.
A. disapproving B. approving C. noncommittal D. doubtful
19. According to the passage, Danish orderliness ___.
A. sets the people apart from Germans and Swedes
B. spares Danes social troubles besetting other people
C. is considered economically essential to the country
D. prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles
20. At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that ___.
A. Danes are clearly informed of their social benefits
B. Danes take for granted what is given to them
C. the open system helps to tide the country over
D. orderliness has alleviated unemployment
TEXT B
But if language habits do not represent classes, a social stratification in to something as bygone as “aristocracy” and “commons”, they do still of cour se s erve to identify social groups. This is something that seems fundamental in the use of language. As we see in relation to political and national movements, lang uage is used as a badge or a barrier depending on which way we look at it. The n ew boy at school feels out of it at first because he does not know the fight wor ds for things, and awe-inspiring pundits of six or seven look down on him for no t being aware that racksy means “dilapidated”, or hairy “out first ball”. Th e mi ner takes a certain pride in being “one up on the visitor or novice who calls t h e cage a “lift” or who thinks that men working in a warm seam are in their “u nde rpants” when anyone ought to know that the garments are called hoggers. The “i ns ider” is seldom displeased that his language distinguishes him from the “outsi der”.
Quite apart from specialized terms of this kind in groups, trades and profe ssions, there are all kinds of standards of correctness at which mast of us feel more or less obliged to aim, because we know that certain kinds of English invi te irritation or downright condemnation. On the other hand, we know that other k inds convey some kind of prestige and bear a welcome cachet.
In relation to the social aspects of language, it may well be suggested tha t English speakers fall into three categories: the assured, the anxious and the in different. At one end of this scale, we have the people who have “position” an d “status”, and who therefore do not feel they need worry much about their use o f English. Their education and occupation make them confident of speaking an uni mpeachable form of English: no fear of being criticized or corrected is likely t o cross their minds, and this gives their speech that characteristically unself c onscious and easy flow which is often envied.
At the other end of the scale, we have an equally imperturbable band, speak ing with a similar degree of careless ease, because even if they are aware that their English is condemned by others, they are supremely indifferent to the fact . The Mrs Mops of this world have active and efficient tongues in their heads, a nd if we happened not to like the/r ways of saying things, well, we “can lump i t ”. That is their attitude. Curiously enough, writers are inclined to represent t he speech of both these extreme parties with -in’ for ing. On the one hand, “w e’re goin’ huntin’, my dear sir”; on the other, “we’re goin’ racin’ , ma te.”
In between, according to this view, we have a far less fortunate group, th e anxious. These actively try to suppress what they believe to be bad English an d assiduously cultivate what they hope to be good English. They live their lives in some degree of nervousness over their grammar, their pronunciation, and thei r choice of words: sensitive, and fearful of betraying themselves. Keeping up wi th the Joneses is measured not only in houses, furniture, refrigerators, cars, a nd clothes, but also in speech.
And the misfortune of the “anxious” does not end with their inner anxiet y. Their lot is also the open or veiled contempt of the “assured” on one side of them and of the “indifferent” on the other.
It is all too easy to raise an unworthy laugh at the anxious. The people t hus uncomfortably stilted on linguistic high heels so often form part of what is, in many ways, the most admirable section of any society: the ambitious, tense, inner-driven people, who are bent on“ going places and doing things”. The grea te r the pity, then, if a disproportionate amount of their energy goes into what Mr Sharpless called“ this shabby obsession” with variant forms of English— espe ci ally if the net result is(as so often)merely to sound affected and ridiculous. “ Here”, according to Bacon, “is the first distemper of learning, when men study w ords and not matter …. It seems to me that Pygmalion’ s frenzy is a good emble m …of this vanity: for words axe but the images of matter; and except they have l ife of reason and invention, to fall in love with them is to fall in love with a picture.”
21. The attitude held by the assured towards language is ___.
A. critical B. anxious C. self-conscious D. nonchalant
22. The anxious are considered a less fortunate group because ___.
A. they feel they are socially looked down upon
B. they suffer from internal anxiety and external attack
C. they are inherently nervous and anxious people
D. they are unable to meet standards of correctness
23. The author thinks that the efforts made by the anxious to cultivate w hat they believe is good English are ___.
A. worthwhile B. meaningless C. praiseworthy D. irrational
TEXT C
Fred Cooke of Salford turned 90 two days ago and the world has been beating a path to his door. If you haven’t noticed, the backstreet boy educated at Bla c kpool grammar styles himself more grandly as Alastair Cooke, broadcaster extraor dinaire. An honorable KBE, he would be Sir Alastair if he had not taken American citizenship more than half a century ago.
If it sounds snobbish to draw attention to his humble origins, it should be reflected that the real snob is Cooke himself, who has spent a lifetime disguis ing them. But the fact that he opted to renounce his British passport in 1941 — just when his country needed all the wartime help it could get-is hardly a ma tter for congratulation.
Cooke has made a fortune out of his love affair with America, entrancing l isteners with a weekly monologue that has won Radio 4 many devoted adherents. Pa rt of the pull is the developed drawl. This is the man who gave the world “mida tlantic”, the language of the disc jockey and public relations man.
He sounds American to us and English to them, while in reality he has for decades belonged to neither. Cooke’s world is an America that exists largely in the imagination. He took ages to acknowledge the disaster that was Vietnam and e ven longer to wake up to Watergate. His politics have drifted to the right with age, and most of his opinions have been acquired on the golf course with fellow celebrities.
He chased after stars on arrival in America, Fixing up an interview with Ch arlie Chaplin and briefly becoming his friend. He told Cooke he could turn him i nto a fine light comedian; instead he is an impressionist’s dream.
Cooke liked the sound of his first wife’s name almost as much as he admir e d her good looks. But he found bringing up baby difficult and left her for the w ife of his landlord. Women listeners were unimpressed when, in 1996, he declared on air that th e fact that 4% of women in the American armed forces were raped showed remarkabl e self-restraint on the part of Uncle Sam’s soldiers. His arrogance in not allo w ing BBC editors to see his script in advance worked, not for the first time, to his detriment. His defenders said he could not help living with the 1930s values he had acquired and somewhat dubiously went on to cite “gallantry” as chief a mo ng them. Cooke’s raconteur style encouraged a whole generation of BBC men to th i nk of themselves as more important than the story. His treacly tones were the mo del for the regular World Service reports From Our Own Correspondent, known as F OOCs in the business. They may yet be his epitaph.
24. At the beginning of the passage the writer sounds critical of ___.
A. Cooke’s obscure origins
B. Cooke’s broadcasting style
C. Cooke’s American citizenship
D. Cooke’s fondness of America
25. The following adjectives can be suitably applied to Cooke EXCEPT ___.
A. old-fashioned B. sincere C. arrogant D. popular 26. The writer comments on Cooke’s life and career in a slightly ___ tone.
A. ironic B. detached C. scathing D. indifferent
TEXT D
Mr Duffy raised his eyes from the paper and gazed out of his window on the cheerless evening landscape. The river lay quiet beside the empty distillery and from time to time a light appeared in some house on Lucan Road. What an end! Th e whole narrative of her death revolted him and it revolted him to think that he had ever spoken to her of what he held sacred. The cautious words of a reporter won over to conceal the details of a commonplace vulgar death attacked his stom ach. Not merely had she degraded herself, she had degraded him. His soul’s comp a nion! He thought of the hobbling wretches whom he had seen carrying cans and bot tles to be filled by the barman. Just God, what an end! Evidently she had been u nfit to live, without any strength of purpose, an easy prey to habits, one of th e wrecks on which civilization has been reared. But that she could have sunk so low! Was it possible he had deceived himself so utterly about her? He remembered her outburst of that night and interpreted it in a harsher sense than he had ev er done. He had no difficulty now in approving of the course he had taken.
As the light failed and his memory began to wander he thought her hand tou ched his. The shock which had first attacked his stomach was now attacking his n erves. He put on his overcoat and hat quickly and went out. The cold air met him on the threshold; it crept into the sleeves of his coat. When he came to the pu blic house at Chapel Bridge he went in and ordered a hot punch.
The proprietor served him obsequiously but did not venture to talk. There were five or six working-men in the shop discussing the value of a gentleman’s e state in County Kildare. They drank at intervals from their huge pint tumblers, and smoked, spitting often on the floor and sometimes dragging the sawdust over their heavy boots. Mr Duffy sat on his stool and gazed at them, without seeing o r hearing them. After a while they went out and he called for another punch. He sat a long time over it. The shop was very quiet. The proprietor sprawled on the counter reading the newspaper and yawning. Now and again a tram was heard swish ing along the lonely road outside.
As he sat there, living over his life with her and evoking alternately the two images on which he now conceived her, he realized that she was dead, that s he had ceased to exist, that she had become a memory. He began to feel ill at ea se. He asked himself what else could he have done. He could not have lived with her openly. He had done what seemed to him best. How was he to blame? Now that s he was gone he understood how lonely her life must have been, sitting night afte r night alone in that room. His life would be lonely too until he, too, died, ce ased to exist, became a memory-if anyone remembered him.
27. Mr Duffy’s immediate reaction to the report of the woman’s death wa s that of ___.
A. disgust B. guilt C. grief D. compassion
28. It can be inferred from the passage that the reporter wrote about the woman’s death in a ___ manner.
A. detailed B. provocative C. discreet D. sens ational
29. We can infer from the last paragraph that Mr Duffy was in a(n) ___ mood.
A. angry B. fretful C. irritable D. remorseful
30. According to the passage , which of the following statements is NOT t rue?
A. Mr Duffy once confided in the woman.
B. Mr Duffy felt an intense sense of shame.
C. The woman wanted to end the relationship.
D. They became estranged probably after a quarrel.
阅读理解 B
SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING ( 10 min)
In this section there are seven passages followed by ten multiple -choice q uestions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on the Colour ed Answer Sheet.
TEXT E
First read the following question.
31. In the passage Bill Gates mainly discusses ___.
A. a person’s opportunity of a lifetime
B. the success of the computer industry
C. the importance of education
D. high school education in the US
Now go through TEXT E quickly and answer question 31.
Hundreds of students send me e-mail each year asking for advice about educa tion. They want to know what to study, or whether it’s OK to drop out of colleg e since that’s what I did.
My basic advice is simple and heartfelt.“ Get the best education you can. Take advantage of high school and college. Learn how to learn.”
It’s true that I dropped out of college to start Microsoft, but I was at H a rvard for three years before dropping out-and I’d love to have the time to go b a ck. As I’ve said before, nobody should drop out of college unless they believe they face the opportunity of a lifetime. And even then they should reconsider.
The computer industry has lots of people who didn’t finish college, but I 'm not aware of any success stories that began with somebody dropping out of high school. I actually don’t know any high school dropouts, let alone any successfu l ones.
In my company’s early years we had a bright part-time programmer who threa tened to drop out of high school to work full-time. We told him no.
Quite a few of our people didn’t finish college, but we discourage droppin g out.
College isn’t the only place where information exist. You can learn in a l i brary. But somebody handing you a book doesn’t automatically foster learning. Y o u want to learn with other people, ask questions, try out ideas and have a way t o test your ability. It usually takes more than just a book.
Education should be broad, although it’s fine to have deep interests, too.
In high school there were periods when I was highly focused on writing soft ware, but for most of my high school years I had wide-ranging academic interests . My parents encouraged this, and I’m grateful that they did.
One parent wrote me that her 15-year old son “lost himself in the hole of t he computer. ”He got an A in Web site design, but other grades were sinking, sh e said.
This boy is making a mistake. High school and college offer you the best ch ance to learn broadly-math, history, various sciences-and to do projects with ot her kids that teach you firsthand about group dynamics. It’s fine to take a dee p interest in computers, dance, language or any other discipline, but not if it j eopardizes breadth.
In college it’s appropriate to think about specialization. Getting real e x pertise in an area of interest can lead to success. Graduate school is one way t o get specialized knowledge. Choosing a specialty isn’t something high school s t udents should worry about. They should worry about getting a strong academic sta rt.
There’s not a perfect correlation between attitudes in high school and su c cess in later life, of course. But it’s a real mistake not to take the opportun i ty to learn a huge range of subjects, to learn to work with people in high schoo l, and to get the grades that will help you get into a good college.
TEXT F
First read the following question.
32. The passage focuses on ___.
A. the history and future of London
B. London’s manufacturing skills
C. London’s status as a financial centrer
D. the past and present roles of London
Now go through Text F quickly and answer question 32.
What is London for? To put the question another way, why was London, by 190 0, incomparably the largest city in the world, which it remained until the bomba rdments of the Luftwaffe? There could be many answers to this question, but any history of London will rehearse three broad explanations. One is the importance of its life as a port. When the Thames turned to ice in February 1855,50,000 men were put out of work, and there were bread riots from those whose liveliboods h ad been frozen with the river. Today, the Thames could be frozen for a year with out endangering the livelihoods of any but a few pleasure-boatmen.
The second major cause of London’s wealth and success was that it was easi l y the biggest manufacturing centre in Europe. At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, Dutch looms and the stocking knitting frame were first pioneered in London. The vast range of London’s manufacturing skills is another fact; almos t any item you can name was manufactured in London during the days of its prosper ity. In 1851, 13.75 percent of the manufacturing work-force of Great Britain was based in London. By 1961, this had dramatically reduced. By 1993, there were a mere 328,000 Londoners engaged in manufacturing. In other words, by our own time s, two of the chief reasons for London’s very existence-its life as a pert and as a centre of manufacture-had dwindled out of existence.
London’s third great function, since the seventeenth century, has been tha t of national and international bourse: the exchange of stocks and shares, bankin g, commerce and, increasingly, insurance. Both In wood and Francis Sheppard, in London: A history, manage to make these potentially dry matters vivid to the gen eral reader, and both authors assure us that “The City” in the financial sense i s still as important as ever it was. Both, however, record the diminution of the City as an architectural and demographic entity, with the emptying of many city offices (since the advent of the computer much of the work can be done anywhere ) and the removal of many distinctive landmarks.
TEXT G
First read the following question.
33. The primary purpose of the passage is to ___.
A. discuss the impact of the internet
B. forecast the future roles of the bookstore
C. compare the publisher with the editor
D. evaluate the limitations of the printed page
Now go through TEXT G quickly and answer question 33.
Since the advent of television people have been prophesying the death of the book. Now the rise of the World Wide Web seems to have revived this smolderi ng controversy from the ashes. The very existence of paper copy has been brought into question once more. It might be the bookstore, rather than the book itself, that is on the br ink of extinction. Many of you will have noted tom of bookseller websites poppin g up. They provide lists of books and let you read sample chapters, reviews from other customers and interviews with authors.
What does all this mean? Browsing a virtual bookstore may not afford you the same dusty pleasure as browsing round a real shop, but as far as service, pr ice and convenience are concerned there is really no competition. This may chang e before long, as publishers’ websites begin to offer direct access to new publ ications.
Perhaps it is actually the publisher who is endangered by the relentless advance of the Internet. There are a remarkable number of sites republishing tex ts online--an extensive virtual library of materials that used to be handled pri marily by publishing companies.
From the profusion of electronic-text sites available, it looks as if thi s virtual library is here to stay unless a proposed revision to copyright law ta kes many publications out of the public domain. However, can electronic texts st ill be considered books?
Then again, it might be the editor at risk, in danger of being cut out of the publishing process. The Web not only makes it possible for just about anyon e to publish whatever they like whenever they like-there are virtually no costs involved. The editors would then be the millions of Internet users. And there is little censor ship, either.
So possibly it is the printed page, with its many limitations, that is pe rishing as the implications of new technologies begin to be fully realized. Last year Stanford University published the equivalent of a 6,000 page Business Engl ish dictionary, online. There seem to be quite obvious benefits to housing these multi-volume reference sets on the Web. The perceived benefits for other books, such as the novel, are perhaps less obvious.
TEXT H
First read the following question.
34. The reviewer’s attitude towards the books is ___.
A. ambiguous B. objective C. doubtful D. ho stile
Now go through TEXT H quickly and answer question 34.
The 1990s have witnessed a striking revival of the idea that liberal democr atic political system are the best basis for international peace. Western states men and scholars have witnessed worldwide process of democratization, and tend t o see it as a sounder basis for peace than anything we have had in the past.
Central to the vision of a peaceful democratic world bas been the proposit ion that liberal democracies do not fight each other; that they may and frequent ly do get into fights with illiberal states, but not with other countries that a re basically similar in their political systems. The proposition appeals to poli tical leaders and scholars as well.
Yet it is doubtful whether the proposition is strong enough to bear the va st weight of generalization that has been placed on it. Among the many difficult ies it poses, two stand out: first there are many possible exceptions to the rul e that democracies do not fight each other; and second, there is much uncertaint y about why democracies have, for the most part, not fought each other.
Liberal Peace, Liberal War: American politics and international security b y John M. Owen is an attempt to explain the twin phenomena of liberal peace (why democracies do not fight each other) and liberal war (why they fight other sta tes, sometimes with the intent of making them liberal).
Owen’s analysis in the book strongly suggests that political leaders on a l l sides judged a given foreign country largely on the basis of its political sys tem; and this heavily influenced decisions on whether or not to wage war against it. However, be also shows that military factors, including calculations of the cost of going to war, were often influential in tipping the balance against war . In other words, democratic peace does not mean the end of power politics.
Owen hints at, but never addresses directly, a sinister aspect of democrat ic peace theory: its assumption that there would be peace if only everybody else was like us. This can lead only too easily to attempts to impose the favoured s ystem on benighted foreigners by force-regardless of the circumstances and sensi bilities that make the undertaking hazardous, Owen’s central argument is not st r engthened by the occasional repetition nor by the remorselessly academic tone of the more theoretical chapters. However, most of the writing is succinct; the hi storical accounts are clear and to the point; and the investigation of the causa l links between liberalism and war is admirably thorough.
There are several grounds on which the book’s thesis might be criticized. The most obvious is that some twentieth-century experience goes against the argu ment that liberal states ally with others, above all, because they perceive them as fellow liberals. In our own time, several liberal democracies have maintaine d long and close relations with autocracies. However, Owen’s argument for a deg r ee of solidarity between liberal states provides at least part of the explanatio n for the continuation and even expansion of NATO in the post-Cold War era.
TEXT I
First read the following questions.
35. In ___, the table of contents of the magazine was placed on its back cover.
A. 1922 B. 1948 C. the 1930s D. the 1960s
36. The magazine was criticized for failing to ___.
A. appeal to the young B. attract old people C. interest readers aged 47 D. captivate rea ders in their 50s
Now go through TEXT I quickly and answer questions 35 and 36.
New York-Reader’s Digest, the most widely read magazine in the world, will get a new look in a bid to attract younger readers, Reader’ Digest Association Inc. announced on March 29. Beginning with the May issue, the world’s largest- circulation magazine will move its table of contents off the front cover to mode rnize its look and make it easier for readers to navigate, editor in chief Chris top her Willcox said. “When you have the table of contents on the cover, it limits w hat you can say about what’s in the magazine, ”Willcox said. The magazine’s f ami liar table of contents will be replaced with a photograph. The small size and fo cus of the editorial content will be unchanged, publisher Gregory Coleman said. “It will be a much more visual magazine, with more photography and less illustr ation,” he said in an interview.
Reader’s digest was first published in 1922, with line drawings on the c o vers, and in the 1930s began listing the contents on the front. For a couple of years in the 1960s, Willcox said,the table of contents was shifted to the back c over. The May issue will feature a cover photo of a woman firefighter in San Fra ncisco for an except from a new book,“ Fighting Fire. ”The names of a few arti cl es are listed on the cover, but the full table of contents will be on papes 2 an d 3. The issue began reaching subscribers on April 10 and will be on newsstands two weeks later. All 48 of the Digest’s worldwide editions—27 million copies in 19 languages—are making the change. Publisher Gregory Coleman said he expe cted the redesign to boost advertising sales. “We’ve done a lot of research, a nd have tested the concept in the US, Sweden, and New Zealand,” Coleman said.
The move comes as Reader’s Digest Association Inc. has struggled to boost profits. But industry analysts said its problems stretch beyond changes that wer e needed at the magazine. Publishing industry executives and Wall Street analyst s have criticized the magazine for failing to attract the next generation of rea ders. The company says its average reader is about 47,the same as the age for th e weekly new magazines, “They’ve been looking for ways to make the magazine a li ttle bit more the ’90s than the ’50s,” said Doug Arthur at Morgan Stanley Dea n W itter & Co. “The company has to be addressing the response rate on its direct m a rketing campaign, ”where its main problems lie. The company earned USD 133.5 mi l lion on sales of USD 2.8 billion in the year which ended last June. But it said, when it reported results, that profits would fall in the current year.
In answer to a question, Coleman said the redesign was not done because of advertisers, although they were enthusiastic about the changes. “This is being done from a reader-driven standpoint, ”he said.
TEXT J
First read the following questions.
37. Words in both the OWF and Longman Activator are ___.
A. listed according to alphabetical order
B. listed according to use frequency
C. grouped according to similarities only
D. grouped according to differences only
38. To know the correct word for “boiling with a low heat”, you will pr obably turn to first ___.
A. page 10 B. page 99 C. page 100 D. page 448
Now go through TEXT J quickly and answer questions 37 and 38.
The Oxford Wordfinder (OWF)is a “production dictionary” designed for learn er s of English at Intermediate level and above, It is a useful tool with which to discover and encode (produce) meaning, rather than just to simply check the mean ing, grammar and pronunciation of words. The OWF encourages a reversal of the tr aditional role of the language learners’ dictionary, which is normally to help decode and explain aspects of words that appear in a text.
The OWF is based upon similar lines to the ground breaking Longman Activato r in that words in each dictionary are not simply listed in alphabetical order. Instead, they are grouped according to their similarities and differences in bot h meaning and use. Twenty-three main groups of 630 “keywords” (concepts) in al ph abetical order, assist the learner in exploring semantic areas such as: “People ” , “Food and drink”, and “Language and Communication”. Each of these rather l arge areas contains cross-referencing in order to provide further helpful lexical in formation. Some of the keywords helpfully direct the learner to another keyword. Most keywords, however, have an index that shows how lexical items and their re lated terms are organized. Other keywords point to smaller sub-section headings whilst a few contain sections labeled “More”, which deal with less frequently occurring vocabulary.
The majority of words in the OWF are grouped together because they are clea rly related in meaning. Examples include: rucksack, “suitcase”, trunk and hol d- all, on page 28, under the keyword “Bag”. Other words are grouped together bec au se statistically they tend to “collocate”, i.e. appear in English very near, i f not next to each other. The reader would, more often than not, find them in the same sentence or phrase. Examples include those for “butter”, “spread” and “melt ”, and those for Television on page 448: “watching”, “turn on/off” and “pr ogramme”.
The OWF is an ideal supplementary resource for learners to engage in word-b uilding activities during topic based lessons. How is it best used? Let’s say t h e learner wishes to know the correct word for “boiling with a low heat”. The i nt ermediate learner, who will probably begin her search under “Cook” on page 99, l ocates the sub-section: “heating food in order to cook it” on page 100,then th e further sub-section “cooking food in water” and finally finds the definition f ol lowed by the word:—to boil slowly and gently: simmer. With the help of the OWF teachers could design a variety of such vocabulary exercises for a class, or eve n go on to designing a vocabulary-based syllabus.
Definitions in the OWF are, as with all good dictionaries, concise but cle ar. They are obviously written according to a controlled defining vocabulary. Li nguistic varieties are also taken into consideration: formal/in formal labels ar e provided and, where it occurs, American English (AmE) is pointed out, e. g. fo r alcohol, liquor in AmE on page 10. The OWF also contains many drawings that ou tline meaning where words could not possibly do so or would require too much spa ce. Items chosen for inclusion in the OWF, along with example phrases outlining meaning are, it is assumed, based on evidence of frequency from a carefully cons tructed linguistic corpus, although this is not made clear.
TEXT K
First read the following questions.
39. Students who wish to take courses in Dutch or French ___.
A. should pass the TOEFL test first
B. must speak Dutch or French fluently
C. may receive language training
D. must have a good command of English
40. Belgian universities do NOT offer courses on ___.
A. medical sciences
B. computer science
C. political and social sciences
D. archaeology and art sciences
Now go through TEXT K quickly and answer questions 39 and 40.
To qualify to study in Belgium, it is essential to meet relevant requireme nts in (1) academic credentials, (2)linguistic skills, (3) academic objectives and (4) financial resources. Let us review these four points:
1. Academic credentials
Equivalence and admissibility of degrees will be assessed according to Belgian l aw and individual university regulations. Please submit a copy of your degree wi th a translation to the chosen university’s admission board.
2. Language skills
Chinese students who wish to follow courses in Dutch or French must realize that a superficial knowledge of the language will not do. The ability to speak Dutch or French is imperative in order to follow lectures and to pass examinations. A preparatory year of language instruction is available in some universities for already enrolled students. Please apply for information at the university of you r choice. Students who wish to attend lectures in English (post-academic trainin g international courses)must of course have a good command of that language. Uni versities will inform you about their individual TOEFL requirements.
3. Programmes
Belgian universities offer basic academic courses, advance academic training cou rses, doctoral programmes, post-academic training and various international stud y programmes (Master’s) in the field of technology, law, economics and applied e conomics, political and social sciences, dentistry, pharmaceutical sciences, lan guage and literature/history, archaeology and art sciences, psychology and educa tional sciences, medical sciences, engineering and applied biological sciences.
4. Financing
Although precise determination of study and living expenses depends on individua l life style, one can assess that about 350,000 Belgian Francs (BEF)( about 88,0 00 RMB) is necessary for one year’s study. This amount should include books, ho u sing, food, transport, and health insurance. It does not include registration fe es which can vary from about 25,000 BEF for a student under scholarship to 290,0 00 BEF for a self-financing student, according to the chosen study program.
翻译
试卷二 (120 min)
Part Ⅳ Translation (60 min)
SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH
Translate the following underlined part of the text into English. Write your tra nslation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.
中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比，它先天有些不足， 后天也常缺乏营养，但是它成长的步伐却是坚实而有力的。它在国际上已被公认为后起之秀 。
世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生 物的演化历史。第二代属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果 。这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者 。
世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。在这里，观众可以自己去动手操作，自 己细心体察。这样，他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥妙。
中国科技馆正是这样的博物馆!它汲取了国际上一些著名博物馆的长处，
设计
领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计
制作了力 学、光学、电学、热学、声学、生物学等展品，展示了科学的原理和先进的科技成果。
SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE
Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SH EET THREE.
If people mean anything at all by the expression “untimely death”, they m us t believe that some deaths nm on a better schedule than others. Death in old age is rarely called untimely—a long life is thought to be a full one. But with th e passing of a young person, one assumes that the best years lay ahead and the m easure of that life was still to be taken.
History denies this, of course. Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of MariLarry Monroe and James Deans, whose lives seemed equally brief and co mplete. Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only h alf playfully judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year. The id ea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measure d by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity and virtue.
写作
Part Ⅴ Writing (60 min)
Some people simply see education as going to schools or colleges, or as a m eans to secure good jobs; most people view education as a lifelong process. In y our opinion, how important is education to modem man?
Write a composition of about 300 words on the following topic:
EDUCATION AS A LIFELONG PROCESS
In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate deta ils. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclu sion or a summary.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failur e to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.
答案部分
听力原文
PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A TALK
The earliest libraries existed thousands of years ago in China and Egypt wh ere collections of records on tablets of baked clay were kept in temples and roy al palaces. In the western world, libraries were first established is Ancient Gr eece. For example, Aristotle once had a research library in the 3rd century B. C
. The first library in the Unites States was a private library, which could only b e used by authorized readers. In 1633, John Harvard gave money and more than 300 books to a newly-established college in Massachusetts. In return for his genero sity, the legislature voted the school be named Harvard College. The librarian t here set rules for the new library. Only college students and faculty members co uld use the books. No book could be lent for more than one month.
The earliest public library was established in Philadelphia in 1731. Although th is library was open to every one, all readers had to pay a membership or subscri ption fee in order to borrow books. Very few subscription libraries exist today. Some book and stationary stores maintain small rental libraries, where anyone m ay borrow books for a daily charge. The first truly free public library that cir culated books to every one at no cost was started at a small New England town in 1833. Today, there are more than 7,000 free public libraries throughout the US. They contain about 160 million books which were circulated to over 52 million r eaders.
Historically, the major purpose of free public libraries was educational. They were expected to provide adults with the opportunity to continue their educ ation after they left school. So the function of public library was once describ ed as “less reservoir than a fountain”. In other words, emphasis was to be pla ce d on wide circulation rather than on collecting and storing books. Over the year s public library services have greatly expanded. In addition to their continuing and important educational role, public libraries provide culture and recreation , and they are trying to fill many changing community needs. Most libraries offe r browsing rooms where readers can relax on comfortable chairs and read current newspapers and magazines. Many also circulate music records. Library programs of films, lectures, reading clubs, and concerts also attract library users. In addition to books, records, periodicals, and reference material, libraries pr ovide technical information such as books and pamphlets on gardening, carpentry and other specialized fields of interests. The largest public library in the US is the Library of Congress. It was originally planned as the reference library f or the federal legislature. Today in addition to that important function, it ser ves as the reference library for the public, and sends out many books to other l ibraries on inter-library-loan system.
Unlike free pubic libraries, which open to everyone, private libraries can be u sed only by authorized readers. Many industrial and scientific organizations and business firms have collections of books, journals and research data for their staffs. Several private historical associations have research collections of spe cial interest to their members. In addition, many elementary and secondary schoo ls operate libraries for use by students and teachers. Prisons and hospitals mai ntain libraries too. The largest and the most important private libraries are operated by colleges an d universities, and axe used by students, faculty members, and occasionally by v isiting scholars. Many universities have special libraries for research in parti cular fields, such as law, medicine and education. Recent surveys report that me re than 300 million books are available in these academic libraries and they are regularly used by over 8 million students.
SECTION B INTERVIEW
(I: Interviewer N: Nancy)
I: Hello, Nancy, I know you are one of a few women taxi drivers in the c ity now, and you drive for a living. What made you want to be a common taxi driver in the first place?
N: I took pride in driving well, even when I was young for I have to wait until I have a car to learn to drive. When I finally learned, it was something I reall y enjoyed and still enjoy. I remember how smart those taxi drivers have seemed driving so well, and dressed so neatly in their uniforms. I thought I’d like to do that myself.
I: You really enjoy driving, I see. And how long have you been a taxi driver?
N: Eh, altogether 12 years.
I: Mm, it’s been quite some time already, hasn’t it?
N: Yeah.
I: Then, what did you find the most difficult about becoming a taxi driver?
N: I can still remember when I was first learning to drive. It was scary I didn ’ t know yet how to judge distance. And when a big truck came near, it seemed like a wheel was just coming right over me. Anyway, soon I learned to judge distance . I began to look ahead, stopped worrying about trucks and about what was moving on either side.
I: In your opinion, what does it take to become a good taxi driver?
N: Eh, besides driving well, the most important thing to a taxi driver needs to know is the streets and I know the city well because I have lived in it for a long time. I know all the main streets, and even the side streets. And of course, you ha ve to keep updating your knowledge of the streets because the city changes. Ther e might be a new road appearing somewhere one day.
I: Now, what about annual leaves? Do you have them?
N: Oh, yes. When I first started, I had only 10 days. Now I have 3 weeks every y ear with pay.
I: Just out of curiosity. When you go on vacation to another place or city, do y ou drive there as well?
N: In most cases, not. I prefer to be driven by others if I go by car. I would a lso prefer to go by train or plane, if there is a choice. I have already had too much driving in my life, so when I’m on holiday, I just want to relax.
I: Oh, I see. Let’s come back to your work. Are there any unpleasant aspects in your job?
N: The only serious difficulty in this work is that it’s sometimes dangerous to drive at night. But you have choices, and I always choose to work days rather than at night.
I: What’ s the best part of your job?
N: I soon found that what I like best about the job was being outdoors, seeing h ow this city changes from season to season. And there are places of scene I woul d probably never have seen in another job. And I love all kinds of weather. I li ke to leave the window down in a fine rain, and, and when I have a long drive, m aybe end-of the day, I sometimes go pass my home to tell my two little children I’ll be home soon, when they always want to come along in my car.
I: Do they? I guess kids all like to be taken for a ride sometimes.
N: Yes, but you can not take any all along, and thus they pay or you pay for the m. So I’ve to pay their fares one of these days, and take them out in my taxi, b ecause I really think it is fun out into the country side on the long drive, wit h the fresh air and sun shining. You just seem to want to drive for ever. At lea st that is how it’s for me.
I: Being a taxi driver, you have to meet all kinds of people. How do you feel ab out that?
N: I enjoy meeting many different people. I might not have met some of them if n ot for this job. I learned a lot how people behave in these years.
I: Can you tell us a bit more about it?
N: The biggest advantage is that you come across various characters in your work . Some people are interesting, some rushed, some pleasant, some funny, some talk ative, some so pressed for time that they change clothes in the taxi. Those who are in greatest rush would sometimes forget to pay.
I: Have you ever met some people who don’t like women drivers?
N: Yeah. Once a passenger really objected to having a woman driver. That I laugh ed him so much that he stopped his fussing. Although there has been one or two c ases like this, I still think most people are nice to woman drivers. So this is really an interesting part of my work.
I: Now my last question. Have you ever thought of changing your job?
N: Not yet. I might in a few years time, but not at this moment, because I reall y enjoy my work. And I do get lots of satisfaction out of it. So why should I?
I: Ok. Our interview is coming to the end. I’d like to wind up our interview by wishing you good luck in your job. Thank you very much for your time, Nancy.
N: Pleasure.
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
News Item 1(For Question 11)
President Clinton has renewed his attacks on the American tobacco industry. Accusing of using delaying tactics to block anti-smoking legislation, the US co ngress is considering a bill which will place tight restrictions on tobacco adve rtising and impose penalties on tobacco companies if they continue to sell cigar ettes to children. Mr. Clinton said, it was a fight with the lives of the Amer i can children, and he urged congress to move ahead with the bill. But a spokesman f or one of the big tobacco companies called the legislation totally unreasonable, and he said the process had become wholly politicized.
News Item 2(For Questions 12-13)
The French President Jacques Chirac is to discuss the efforts to stimulate Japan’s economy during his visit to Japan which begins today. The French P r esident is no stranger to Japan. He’s visited the country 40 times before and t h is will be his second visit as President. Mr. Chirac will hold summit talks wit h Japanese Prime Minister next Monday. He is expected to discuss efforts to boos t Japanese economy as well as investment by Japanese companies in France. He’ll also meet the Emperor and Empress at a luncheon on Tuesday. But perhaps the event that will draw most attention is the launch of a-year-long festival of French ar t and culture in Japan. A replica of Arch de Triomphe that usually stands in Pad s has been transported to Tokyo Bay for the festival. And Mr. Chirac will unveil it. The festival includes films, theatrical performance, dance and exhibitions, as well as promotions for French food and wine, both of which are very popular in Japan.
News Item 3(For Questions 14-15)
Officials of the World Food Program (WFP) say they are receiving informati on that famine has great part of central Afghanistan. WFP officials say as the w inter’s snow begins to melt and high mountain paths begin to clear, local leade r s and international aid workers are reporting some people are dying of starvatio n. Officials say a major disaster affecting hundreds of thousands of people may be in the making. The Taliban are blocking food deliveries to central Afghanista n. The UN has warned for several months that more than one million people are su ffering from blockade and 160,000 face starvation. An emergency air-lift of food to central Bombay province was cancelled earlier this year when the Taliban bom bed the local airport. WFP officials say the existing food stocks in that area a re exhausted and an emergency effort will be launched to bring wheat and potatoe s into the area.
SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING
Good morning. Today I’d like to discuss with you the secrets of good conv ersation, that is, how to talk to anyone, anytime, anywhere.
When someone tells you that you have to give a speech, your response may b e ”I’ve got to do what? But it’s important to remember that speeches are like an ything else in life there’s always a “first time”. People, even those who are wo nderful talkers in a conversational setting, are often terrified over the prospe ct of giving their first speech. Some are scared about it no matter how many spe eches they have given before. I suspect you may have the same experience, or hav e seen others in similar situations. I give speeches many times a year to groups of every possible description. My secret is simply that I think of public speak ing as no different from any other form of talk. It’s a way of sharing my thoug h t with other people. You know, in one sense, it’s actually easier than social c o nversation because you are in complete control of where the talk is going. At th e same time you have to have something to say, of course. This leads us to the f irst key of being a successful public speaker: Talk about something you know abo ut.
The second key to being a good speaker is to follow the motto of the Boy Sc outs-Be well prepared. Never go to a speech without some prior work on it. If yo u are talking about a subject you know well, as I’ve just advised, preparing th e speech itself should not be too difficult. If you let the audience know where y ou’re going at the beginning, they will follow you more easily through the body of your speech. At the end of your speech, try to summarize your most important points in slightly different words from the ones you used in your opening.
Here are some other key tips based on my own speaking experience and what I’ve noticed in other good speakers. Look at your audience. I’ve already said ho w important it is to make eye contact. First, be sure to look up from you text o r notes. Second, don’t talk to the wall in the back, or to the window or to the side. They are not your audience. Each time you look up from your text, look at a different part of the audience, so the whole group feels they’re being addres s ed. Note the pacing and inflection you want to use in speech. Some speakers, if they’re reading from a complete text, underline the words they want to emphasiz e . If you are using an outline or notes, highlight ideas or phrases you should st ress in your speech with different-colored pen or something. This accomplishes t wo things: It guarantees that your emphasis will be where you intended it to be, and it assures your audience that you won’t be speaking in a dull monotone tha t will put them to sleep, especially if you’re talking after a heavy meal. Stand up straight. I don’ t mean that you have to assume a parade ground posture, but stand in a comfortable, natural way rather than hunching over the lectern. Hunch ing constricts your breathing, and it makes you look bad as well. If there’s a m icrophone in front of you, adjust it to the right height rather than forcing you rself to stoop during the speech. If you can, check this out before it’s your t u rn to speak. Talk normally into the microphone. If you speak at a high volume in to it, you will actually be harder to hear. And be careful to keep your mouth in the range of the mike; don’t wave around or turn away to answer a question fro m the side.
Last but not the least, a speaker has to keep in mind the value of brevity. It’s not easy to be brief, especially on a topic you know a lot about. But in a ny kind of communication, it’s always worth taking the time to boil your messag e down to its essentials. That emphasis on brevity applies even more when you are delivering a speech. The show business expression “know when to get off” come s into play again. And the best public speakers always know when. Some of the long est speeches ever inflicted on the American public have been the inaugural addre sses of their presidents. However one of the shortest inaugural addresses is als o one of the best remembered and most often quoted. It was delivered on January 20,1960 by John F. Kennedy. Kennedy spoke for less than 15 minutes. We can learn from these speakers, whose ability to talk effectively was central to their suc cess, as is the case with so many successful people in every profession. Brevity is the first thing we can learn from them. If people like Kennedy are willing t o keep it short to maximize their effectiveness as speakers, we should be smart enough to do the same thing.
To sum up, I’ve mentioned several key points in becoming a successful pub l ic speaker, such as good preparation, audience awareness, brevity, etc. I hope y ou find them very useful in making your speeches effective. Thank you.
PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENTION
SECTION A TALK
1.答案：B
【问句译文】是谁起草了美国第一所私人图书馆的规章
制度
关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载
的？
【试题
分析
定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析
】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】由谈话可知，哈佛投资建成了美国的第一所私人图书馆，但是“The librarian there set rules for the new library.”故答案选B。
2.答案：D
【问句译文】最早的公共图书馆也被称为捐献图书馆，因为那里的图书如何？
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】在介绍建于1731的第一所公共图书馆时，谈话者说“Although this library wa s open to every one, all readers had to pay a membership or subscription fee in order to borrow books.”由此可知，所有借书者必须交纳一定的会费，故答案选D。
3.答案：A
【问句译文】下列哪一项不是建立公共图书馆的目的？
【试题分析】本题为细节题，可用排除法解答。
【详细解答】这四个选项在录音中都提到了，但是“comfortable reading rooms”只是图书 馆提供的服务，不是建立的目的，故答案选A。
4.答案：A
【问句译文】现代私人图书馆和公共图书馆的主要区别是什么？
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】解答本题的关键句是“Unlike free pubic libraries, which open to everyon e, private libraries can be used only by authorized readers.”由此可知，私人图书 馆只供特定的读者阅读，而公共图书馆则面向所有的读者。故答案选A。
5.答案：C
【问句译文】该谈话的目的是什么？
【试题分析】本题为主旨题。
【详细解答】这段录音是对美国的私人图书馆和公共图书馆作比较，介绍了不同类的图书馆的 功用。故答案选C。
SECTION B INTERVIEW
6.答案：D
【问句译文】南茜为何成了出租车司机？
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】采访者一开始就问南茜这个问题，她的回答是“…even when I was young for I have to wait until I have a car to learn to drive.”由此可知，当一名司机是南茜 儿时的梦想，故答案选D。
7.答案：B
【问句译文】根据她所说的，成为一名出租车司机最难的是什么？
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】解答本题的关键句是“It was scary I didn’t know yet how to judge distan ce.”这就是她所说到的难事，故答案选B。
8.答案：B
【问句译文】就她的工作而言，南茜最喜欢的是什么？
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】当采访者问到她工作的最大优点时，南茜说道“I like best about the job wa s being outdoors, seeing how this city changes from season to season. And there are places of scene I would probably never have seen in another job.”由此可知， 她非常喜欢车窗外的各种景色。故答案选B。
9.答案：C
【问句译文】由采访可以推知，南茜是一位什么样的母亲？
【试题分析】本题为推理题。
【详细解答】当采访者说她的孩子们一定喜欢经常坐她的车时，南茜的回答是“So I’ve to p ay their fates one of these days, and take them out in my taxi, because I really think it is fun out into the country side on the long drive, with the fresh air and sun shining. You just seem to want to drive for ever. At least that is how it’s for me.”由此可知南茜是一位对孩子非常慈爱的母亲。故答案选C。
10.答案：D
【问句译文】南茜遇到的都是什么人
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】南茜说她喜欢接触不同个性的人，如“Some people are interesting, some ru shed, some pleasant, some funny, some talkative, some so pressed for time that t hey change clothes in the taxi.”由此可知，她所遇到的人个性各不相同。故答案选D。
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
News Item 1
11.答案：D
【问句译文】美国制定禁烟法的主要目的是什么？
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】本题可从克林顿的话中得出答案，“It was a fight with the lives of the A merican children,…”即制定禁烟法是为了保护儿童。故答案选D。
News Item 2
12.答案：C
【问句译文】法国总统访问日本的目的是什么？
【试题分析】本题为主旨题。
【详细解答】新闻首句说“The French President Jacques Chirac is to discuss the effo rts to stimulate the Japan’s economy during his visit to Japan which begins toda y.”因此答案选C。
13.答案：D
【问句译文】这是Jacques Chime第几次访问日本？
【试题分析】本题为推理题。
【详细解答】根据新闻中：“He’s visited the country 40 times before and this would be his second visit as President.”由此可知，他以前曾访问过40次，那么这次即是第4 1次。
注意点：要区别，以总统身份，这是他第二次访问日本。
News Item 3
14.答案：C
【问句译文】阿富汗人民为和遭受饥荒？
【试题分析】本题为主旨题。
【详细解答】解答本题的关键句是“The Taliban are blocking food deliveries to centra l Afghanistan.”由此可知，是由于塔利班封锁食品发放所造成的。故答案选C。
15.答案：A
【问句译文】有多少阿富汗人正面临饥饿？
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】新闻中说“The UN has warned for several months that more than one mill ion people are suffering from blockade and 160,000 face starvation.”故答案选A。
注意点：要区别受封锁的人数与受饥饿的人数。
SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING
1.答案：talk
【详细解答】有人害怕演讲，于是讲话者根据自己的经验说“My secret is simply that I t hink of public speaking as no different from any other form of talk.”
2.答案：share
【详细解答】只要听清关键句“It’s a way of sharing my thought with other people.” 就可知道此处应填原形动词share。
3.答案：subject
【详细解答】根据关键句“If you are talking about a subject you know well, as I’ve just advised, preparing the speech itself should not be too difficult.”这里说的 是自由决定演讲的主题（subject）。
4.答案：knowledge
【详细解答】在谈到如何取得演讲的成功时，第一要点是“Talk about something you know about.”也就是要掌握“knowledge of the subject matter”。
5.答案：theme／idea
【详细解答】录音中说“If you let the audience know where you’re going at the begin ning, they will follow you more easily through the body of your speech.”这句话 告诉了我们演讲一开始就告知听众主题“theme／idea”的重要性。
6.答案：speaking
【详细解答】录音中谈到如何取得演讲成功的其他要点时说“Note the pacing and inflecti on you want to use in speech.”即要注意演讲语速（the speed of speaking）的变化。
7.答案：comfort
【详细解答】录音中提到要调整麦克风的高度，“If there’s a microphone in front of yo u, adjust it to the right height rather than forcing yourself to stoop during th e speech.”这样做的目的是为了让你在演讲过程中感觉舒服（comfort）。
8.答案：short
【详细解答】录音中谈到如何取得演讲成功的最后一点时说“Last but not the least, a sp eaker has to keep in mind the value of brevity.”这里的brevity意为shortness，即t ry to make your message short。
9.答案：shortest
【详细解答】录音中谈到如何取得演讲成功的最后一点时举例说“However one of the short est inaugural addresses is also one of the best remembered and most often quoted .”由此可知，此处应填写shortest。
10.答案：success
【详细解答】谈话者以美国总统肯尼迪的著名演讲仅用时15分钟为例，旨在说明演讲要尽量简 洁。即简洁是成功（success）的关键。
改错
1.答案： the
【详细解答】本句中的most为副词，修饰形容词obvious，意为“十分，非常”，由于obvious 不是最高级形式，故不用定冠词the。
2.答案：but→and
【详细解答】根据文章内容判断，but后面的陈述与前文并不是相反之意，而是并列关系。
3.答案：in→to
【详细解答】as opposed to为固定搭配，意为“与……对照，与……相比”。
4.答案：misled→misleading
【详细解答】根据句意，这里的方式（way）是对他人有误导，不是被他人误导。所以应该用m islead的现在分词表示主动的含义。
5.答案：away
【详细解答】far away from意为“距离某处很远”，而far from being则意为“远不是，远 够不上”。根据上下文，这里是说“远非毫无意义”，故应该用短语far from being。
6.答案：single→only
【详细解答】此处用only修饰vehicle比用single更符合习惯用法。
7.答案：as→in
【详细解答】本句中的介词in表示“在……方面”，as则无此意。
8.答案：mean→means
【详细解答】by no means为固定搭配，意为“丝毫不，绝不”。
9.答案：have∧→such
【详细解答】such as是常见表达方式，用来举例说明。
10.答案：obscurity→obscurities
【详细解答】a number of 意为“大量的”，应修饰可数名词复数形式。
阅读理解 A
SECTION A
TEXT A
短文大意：本文是有关丹麦社会秩序的介绍。
16.答案：B
【参考译文】作者认为丹麦人对他们的国家持什么样的态度？
【试题分析】本题为推理题。
【详细解答】短文第一段首句说“Despite Denmark’s manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes.”由此可知，丹麦人对他们的国家持谦虚态度， 故答案选B。
17.答案：A
【参考译文】下列哪一项不是文中所评价的丹麦人的特征？
【试题分析】本题为细节题，可用排除法解答。
【详细解答】短文第二段第二句说“…and despite all the English that Danish absorbs — there is no Danish Academy to defend against it — old dialects persist in J utland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners.”由此可知，丹麦是一个在语 言上有容忍性的国家，故可排除选项C；下一句接着说“It is the land where, as the sa ying goes,“ Few have too much and fewer have too little, ”and a foreigner is str uck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails,…”由此可知丹麦社会是个人人平等的 社会，故可排除选项B；由本段最后一句“It’s a nation of tireless planner. Trains r un on time. Things operate well in general.”可知，丹麦是个有秩序守时的国家，故 可排除选项D。文中并没有提到丹麦人喜欢外国文化，故选项A为正确答案。
18.答案：D
【参考译文】作者对工商业部长所说的话的反应是什么？
【试题分析】本题为推理题。
【详细解答】工商部长在讲话中说到丹麦是世界上最干净，最有秩序的国家，没有污染，没有 犯罪与贫穷等等，作者并没有直接地表达自己的态度，而是列举了一些与该部长谈话相反的 社会现象，由此可知，作者是持怀疑的态度，故答案选D。
19.答案：C
【参考译文】根据该短文，丹麦社会的井然有序怎样？
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】短文第四段中说到“Orderliness is a main selling point.”由于丹麦缺乏自 然资源，井然有序的社会秩序对该国经济发展起到重要作用，故选项C为正确答案。
20.答案：D
【参考译文】下列哪一项不是作者在文中最后一段陈述的内容？
【试题分析】本题为细节题，可用排除法解答。
【详细解答】由本段第三句“The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone,… ”，可排除选项A；由第二句中的“…you shouldn’t feel bad for taking what you’re e ntitled to,…”可排除选项B；由最后一句“the orderliness of the system makes it p ossible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.”可排除选项C。本段并没有提到“井然有序的社会秩序有可能减轻失业 问题”，故答案选D。
TEXT B
短文大意：本文主要介绍的是三类使用英语的人。
21.答案：D
【参考译文】自信类的人对语言的态度如何？
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】短文第三段在谈到自信类的人时说“…who therefore do not feel they need worry much about their use of English. Their education and occupation make them confident of speaking an unimpeachable form of English: no fear of being critici zed or corrected is likely to cross their minds, and this gives their speech tha t characteristically unselfconscious and easy flow which is often envied.”由此 可知，自信类的人总是泰然自若、无所畏惧的样子，故答案选D。
22.答案：B
【参考译文】为何焦虑类的人被认为是不幸的？
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】短文第五段第三句说“They live their lives in some degree of nervousnes s over their grammar,…”第六段第二句说“Their lot is also the open or veiled co ntempt of the ‘assured’on one side of them and of the “indifferent” on the oth er.”由此可知，内外受困使得焦虑类的人成为不幸者，故答案选B。
23.答案：D
【参考译文】作者认为应该如何看待焦虑者为实现他心中的好英语所做出的努力？
【试题分析】本题为推理题。
【详细解答】短文最后一段首句说“It is all too easy to raise an unworthy laugh at t he anxious.”这些人可能会在语言方面花费过多的精力，以致被英语的各种形式所困扰。 作者认为这些做法是不明智的。故答案选D“不合理的，荒谬的”。
TEXT C
短文大意：本文是对著名广播节目主持人库克的一生的评论。
24.答案：C
【参考译文】短文的开头，作者似乎对库克的哪一方面进行了批评？
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】短文第二段首句中说“…it should be reflected that the real snob is Coo ke himself, who has spent a lifetime disguising them.” 这句话表明作者对于库克放 弃英国护照的做法是持批评态度，认为这一点是不能容忍的，故答案选C。
25.答案：B
【参考译文】不能用下列哪一个形容词来描述库克？
【试题分析】本题为细节题，可用排除法解答。
【详细解答】短文第一段描写的是库克过90岁生日的盛况，由此可知库克相当有名，故可首先 排除选项D；短文最后一段第二句说“His arrogance in not allowing BBC editors to se e his script in advance worked, not for the first time, to his detriment.”由此 可知他的傲慢个性，故可排除选项C；这里接着说“His defenders said he could not hel p living with the 1930s values he had acquired and somewhat dubiously went on to cite “gallantry” as chief among them.”由此可知他是一位保守人物，故可排除选项A ；全文没有提到他的“真诚”一面，故答案选B。
26.答案：C
【参考译文】在评论库克的一生和他的职业时，作者的语气有点怎样？
【试题分析】本题为推理题。
【详细解答】文中在谈到库克的事业成功给予了肯定。而当谈到他的国籍、婚姻、军队中性犯 罪、为人处事等问题时，作者提出了极其严厉地批评。故选项C“尖锐的，讽刺的”为正确 答案。
TEXT D
短文大意：本文主要是对Duffy先生得知旧情人死讯后心情的描写。
27.答案：A
【参考译文】当Duffy先生看到有关那位女士死亡的报道时，他的第一反应是什么？
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】短文第一段第三句说“The whole narrative of her death revolted him and it revolted him to think that he had ever spoken to her of what he held sacred. ”这里两次用到revolt（厌恶，反感）一词，因此答案选A。
28.答案：C
【参考译文】从文章中能推断出记者在报道该女土死亡时用的什么方式？
【试题分析】本题为推理题。
【详细解答】短文第一段第四句说“The cautious words of a reporter won over to conce al the details of a commonplace vulgar death attacked his stomach.”由此可知选项 C“谨慎的”为正确答案。
29.答案：D
【参考译文】我们可以从文章最后一段推断出Duffy先生的心情如何？
【试题分析】本题为推理题。
【详细解答】短文最后—段提到，当Duffy先生坐在房间里回想与“她”的往事的时，“He be gan to feel ill at ease. He asked himself what else could he have done. He could not have lived with her openly. He had done what seemed to him best. How was he to blame?”从这里我们可以看出他处于一种自责、懊悔的情绪之中。故选项D“懊悔的” 为正确答案。
30.答案：C
【参考译文】根据该短文，下列哪一种说法是不正确的？
【试题分析】本题为细节题，可用排除法解答。
【详细解答】短文第一段第四句说“…he had ever spoken to her of what he held sacred .”，由此可知他曾经十分信任她，故可排除选项A。第六句说“Not merely had she degra ded herself, she had degraded him.”这表明他感到非常羞耻，故可排除选项B；该段还 提到Duffy先生和“她”发生了一次激烈的争吵，于是他提出分手，最后一句说“He had no difficulty now in approving of the course he had taken.”这表明是Duffy先生想要 结束他们之间的关系。故答案选项C。
阅读理解 B
TEXT E
短文大意：本文主要介绍的是比尔·盖茨的教育观，强调了学校教育的重要性。
31.答案：C
【参考译文】在该短文中，比尔·盖茨主要讨论了什么？
【试题分析】本题为主旨题。
【详细解答】快速阅读全文，便知谈的是学校教育。短文第二段比尔·盖茨说道“Get the be st education you can. Take advantage of high school and college. Learn how to le arn.”故这篇短文主要讨论的是“教育的重要性”。
TEXT F
短文大意：本文主要论述的是伦敦在当今社会的重要地位。
32.答案：D
【参考译文】这篇文章着重论述了什么？
【试题分析】本题为主旨题。
【详细解答】这篇文章从三个方面论述了伦敦地位的重要性：重要的港口城市、最大的制造中 心以及国内国际商贸中心。在回顾伦敦历史的同时，又提到伦敦的现状。故选项D为正确答 案。
TEXT G
短文大意：本文主要介绍的是网络技术的发展对印刷业带来的冲击。
33.答案：A
【参考译文】本文的写作目的是什么？
【试题分析】本题为主旨题。
【详细解答】短文第一段最后一句首先引出话题“The very existence of paper copy has b een brought into question once more.”接着文中从四个方面论述了网络技术给印刷业所 带来的影响。故答案选A。
TEXT H
短文大意：这篇短文是有关Owen先生所著书的书评。
34.答案：B
【参考译文】评论者对（Owen先生的）书的态度如何？
【试题分析】本题为推理题。
【详细解答】本文先介绍的是Owen先生的书的内容，指出了值得肯定的方面，接着谈到书中的 不足之处。作者知识客观地去评论。故答案选B。
TEXT I
短文大意：本文介绍的是《读者文摘》改版后的内容、原因以及人们对它的看法。
35.答案：D
【参考译文】该杂志的
目录
工贸企业有限空间作业目录特种设备作业人员作业种类与目录特种设备作业人员目录1类医疗器械目录高值医用耗材参考目录
是何时放在封底的？
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】短文第二段第二句说“For a couple of years in the 1960s, Willcox said, the table of contents was shifted to the back cover.”，由此可知，时间为二十世纪 六十年代。
36.答案：A
【参考译文】该杂志为何受到指责？
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】短文第三段第三句说“Publishing industry executives and Wall Street ana lysts have criticized the magazine for failing to attract the next generation of readers.”由此可知，不能吸引年青人是其受到指责的原因。故答案选A。
TEXT J
短文大意：本文主要介绍的是Oxford Wordfinder（OWF）这部字典的诸多优点。
37.答案：A
【参考译文】OWF与Longman Activator这两部字典的词汇怎样？
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】短文第二段开头说“The OWF is based upon similar lines to the ground br eaking Longman Activator in that words in each dictionary are not simply listed in alphabetical order.”由此可知，这两部字典除了按字母表顺序排列单词之外，还根据 词意、用法的异同排列。故答案选A。
38.答案：B
【参考译文】要查到一个意为“boiling with a low heat”的词，你可能首先翻到第几页？
【试题分析】本题为细节题。 详细解答短文第四段第二句说“Let’s say the learner wishes to know the correct wor d for “boiling with a low heat”. The intermediate learner, who will probably beg in her search under “Cook” on page 99,…”由此可知，正确答案为B。
TEXT K
短文大意：本文主要介绍的是留学比利时的条件。
39.答案：C
【参考译文】那些想去荷兰或法国读书的学生应该怎样？
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】首先快速查找有关“Dutch or French”的文字，发现它在Language skills中， 由此可知，这些学生可能要接受语言
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。故答案选C。
40.答案：B
【参考译文】比利时大学不开设什么课程？
【试题分析】本题为细节题，可用排除法解答。
【详细解答】快速查找programmes项，可分别查到选项A、C和D，只有选项B没有提到，故为正 确答案。
翻译
PART Ⅳ TRANSLATION
SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH
The first-generation museums in the world are museums of natural history. W ith fossils and specimens they introduce to people the evolution of the earth an d various living organisms on it. The second-generation museums are those of ind ustrial technology. Fruits of various stages of industrial civilization are on d isplay here. Although these two generations of muslins have played the role of s preading scientific knowledge, they regard visitors as passive spectators.
The world’s third-generation museums are full of completely new concepts. H ere visitors can carry out operations and careful observations themselves. In th is way they come closer to advanced achievements in science and technology so as to probe their mystery.
SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE
提起英年“早逝”，人们或有所指。人们定会相信有些人死亡的时刻更为适宜。寿终正寝极少称为“早逝”。长寿即意味着生命之完整。但英年早逝常令人感到逝者美好时光尚未到来，一生之评说尚未做出。然而，历史却否认这点,提起杰出的早逝者，人们定会亿起玛丽莲·梦露和詹姆士·迪恩。两人生命短暂，却完美无缺。诗人约翰·济慈26岁与世长辞，作家们对此难以接受。而他们自己过了26岁时却只能半开玩笑地认为今生今世无所作为。生命短暂即未成果这—观念荒谬无理。生命的价值取决于它留给世界的印象、它的贡献及它的美德。
写作
Education as a Lifelong Process
When education is mentioned, we can easily think of school, colleges and yo ung people. In fact, education is so important in modern society that it can be viewed as a lifelong process.
First, it’s the requirement of fast-developing society, to accept education despite of your age. Our world is changing dramatically with the development of new science and technology. A person who completed his education at school in 7 0s or 80s may have encountered new problems when he is working now. The problems might have something to do with his major or other aspects. For example an acco untant now must master the skills of accounting through computers, which is the basic tools for him, so he should also learn how to apply his job in a computer. No matter how old is he.
Secondly, education creates human character and moralities. Through educati on, youth may learn how to make contributions to the world. And the old may lear n new things to enrich their lives. Through education, a healthy person can beco me stronger and a disabled person can have a new hope on his life. Man can find great pleasure by accepting education.
Thirdly, our modem society has provided everyone the chance to accept educa tion. As long as you wish you could get education by attending night-schools, ad ult colleges, training centers and even long-distance education through Internet and TV.
In one word, knowledge is limitless. And life is limited. So education is a lifelong process.
本套真题测试的语言重点：
重点单词：
improviser 即兴诗人，即兴演讲者，即席演出者
distributor 发行人
stratification 层化，阶层的形成
downright 明白的，明显的
frenzy 狂暴，狂怒
adherent 信徒，追随者，拥护者
benighted 愚昧的
jeopardize 危害
重点词组：
persist in 坚持
creep into 开始发生于，溜进……
drop out of 退出……,不参与……
cut out 切掉, 取代, 停止
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