国内生产总值的含义（Gross domestic product (GDP)）

国内生产总值的含义（Gross domestic product (GDP)） 国内生产总值的含义(Gross domestic product (GDP)) Gross domestic product (GDP) Gross domestic product (Gross Domestic Product) refers to a period of time (a quarter or a year), the production of a country or region in the economic value of all final goods and services, is often regarded as the best measure of the country's economic situation. It can not only reflect the economic performance of a country, but also reflect the strength and wealth of a country. In general, GDP has four distinct components, including consumption, private investment, government spending and net exports. Represented by a formula as: GDP = C+I+C+X: C for consumption, I for private investment, C for government spending, and X for net exports. Whether or not the economy of a country or region is in the growth or decline stage can be seen from the change in this figure. Generally speaking, GDP is published in only two forms, in terms of total and percentage rates. When GDP's growth figure is positive, it shows that the region's economy is expanding; conversely, if it is negative, it means that the region's economy has entered a recession. Because GDP refers to the amount of goods and services produced in a given period of time multiplied by the "money price" or "market price", that is, nominal gdp. The nominal GDP growth rate equals the sum of the actual GDP growth rate and inflation rate. Therefore, even if the total output does not increase, only the price level increases, the nominal GDP will still rise, and in the case of rising prices, the rise in GDP is only a false impression. However, it is changes in real GDP has a substantial influence on the rate of GDP, so use this indicator, also must pass through the GDP deflator, make adjustments to nominal GDP, so as to accurately reflect the actual change in output. As a result, an increase in the GDP deflator for the quarter is enough to show inflation in the season. A big increase in the GDP deflator would have a negative impact on the economy as well as a sign of a tight money supply, rising interest rates, and hence a rise in foreign exchange rates. Foreign exchange has become a common currency, and the common people must understand the exchange rate Along with China's reform and opening up degree increasing and gradually accelerate the going out strategy implementation process, foreign exchange has become common currency varieties of the majority of residents, foreign exchange and foreign exchange investment also came to the people around. It is reported that China's current foreign exchange in the hands of ordinary people is 90% U. s.dollars, and private foreign exchange savings accounts for China's foreign exchange reserves (latest), 700 billion of the balance of $1/7. In the face of the RMB exchange rate is no longer pegged to the dollar, the dollar depreciated and will continue the trend of devaluation, dollars and other foreign assets more family, is still the "egg" all in US dollars this one basket, or the appropriate reduction of the dollar ratio, which was converted into the potential for greater appreciation of the RMB? Whether all these problems are handled properly depends on the people's perception of the foreign exchange rate and the exchange rate and the level of practical operation. Because not only domestic residents as leisure travel (including Hong Kong and Macao), visiting relatives and friends, to study at their own expense, other exit learning, business visits, settle abroad, pilgrimage, overseas hospitalization, overseas training, hired work and pay the membership fee of an overseas international organization, the overseas foreign direct mail order, family assistance, international exchanges, overseas labor etc. the need for the purchase of foreign exchange business in RMB; and many domestic individual industrial and commercial households, the owners of private enterprises in the original accumulated to a considerable extent, need to travel to exotic places of business to make money, it is often to deal with foreign exchange, foreign enterprise management personnel and the people learn the knowledge of foreign exchange settlement made more stringent requirements. Furthermore, it is not only because some people need to buy and sell foreign exchange directly for foreign exchange investment, but more importantly, many international trade and investment financing operations will indirectly relate to foreign exchange. If the operation is reasonable, the people can enjoy the benefits of the foreign exchange and foreign exchange markets, and avoid undue foreign exchange losses. Foreign exchange is denominated in foreign currency for international settlement of claims and debts of the means of payment, generally including foreign cash (notes and coins), foreign currency securities, foreign currency credit tools etc.. But foreign exchange is not simply foreign currency, and those that cannot be accessed or exchanged at home are only foreign currencies, not foreign currencies, because foreign exchange is the means of payment for foreign exchange functions under certain conditions. Our common currency (foreign and overseas) USD, HKD, yen, euro, Belgian franc, Mark, Swiss franc, pound, the French franc, Holland shield, Swedish kronor, Singapore dollar, Canadian dollar, Italy lira, 15 Australian dollars, the RMB exchange rate is calculated on a basket of currencies. Foreign exchange, as an asset, has the same price as other commodities, that is, the exchange rate. Exchange rate is the ratio of a country's currency to another country's currency (or exchange rate or foreign exchange market), which is the standard to measure the price of the two currencies. The exchange rate is not only related to the export trade in goods and services in a country, as well as technical trade price in the domestic and international market competitiveness, but also related to a country's financial assets are the relative yield of foreign direct investment and cost. Generally speaking, the foreign exchange rate in the international financial market is determined by the actual purchasing power of a country's currency and the free market's relation to the supply and demand of foreign exchange. Therefore, exchange rate is one of the most important economic levers in international economic relations, which is closely related to foreign-related financial management and modern economic life. There are two ways to express exchange rate: direct quotation and indirect quotation. Direct quotation refers to a certain unit of foreign currency, the price cost method of foreign currency expressed, such as the $100 = 808.94 yuan, the domestic currency value larger said the exchange rate rise, foreign currency appreciation; on the other hand, said foreign currency depreciation. At present, most countries in the world, including China, adopt the direct quotation. Indirect quotation refers to a certain unit of currency, converted into foreign currency prices represented, such as 100 yuan = 11.12 dollars, the foreign currency value larger said its currency exchange rate, currency appreciation; otherwise, Devaluation. There are various classification methods for foreign exchange rates, but the opening rate and the closing rate, the fixed exchange rate and the floating exchange rate, the spot exchange rate and the forward exchange rate, the buying rate and the selling rate are more important. Opening rate and closing rate, the foreign exchange price at the opening and closing times of the foreign exchange market. The fixed exchange rate is fixed exchange rate, floating exchange rate is variable exchange rate, China is now in a floating exchange rate system in the international monetary system management, changes in the exchange rate is too large, but also by the moderate control. The spot rate is the current rate of delivery. The forward rate is the present rate of future delivery (Note: the forward rate is not the future exchange rate, but the present rate of future delivery). Buying rate and selling rate are divided by the buying and selling of the bank. The bank buying is low and selling is high, and there are two times the service charge, and the average of the two is the intermediate exchange rate. At the same time, one more than cash cash transportation fees and insurance premiums (because of exchange not in his country, so the bank cash flow) buying rate than buying low exchange rate is generally about 3%, but the exchange rate is still sometimes cash selling and selling rate the same spot. If one day, the dollar exchange rate of 8.09 yuan buying, selling rate for RMB 8.12 yuan, 8.02 yuan cash buying rate, selling rate is still 8.12 yuan. In addition, according to the needs of foreign currency business accounting, there is also the difference between the book exchange rate and the book exchange rate. The book rate is the exchange rate used in the foreign currency account when the enterprise has foreign currency business. The exchange rate can be the exchange rate for the month of the first day of the business, or the exchange rate on the day of the transaction. An enterprise may use it for its own use, but once it is determined, it may not be changed at will. The book exchange rate is the exchange rate formed by an enterprise in the foreign currency account, which is the past accounting rate. It is one of the basis for determining exchange profits and losses at the end of the enterprise. The main factors influencing the exchange rate of foreign exchange supply and demand situation, the domestic money supply, interest rate and exchange rate policy differences in status, speculative status, the political situation of foreign enterprises, and the vast majority of people should be concerned, is conducive to investment decision-making and modern management.