2013年职称英语真题综合C

2013年职称英语真题综合C 第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1. It seems incredible that he had been there a week already. A. right    B. obvious    C. unclear    D. unbelievable 2. We found shelter from the rain under the tree. A. defense    B. protection    C. standing    D. room 3. The frame needs to be strong enough to support the engine. A. structure    B. bottom    C. surface    D. top 4. The odd thing was that he didn’t recognize me. A. real    B. whole    C. same    D. strange 5. The performance was pretty impressive. A. completely    B. very    C. beautifully    D. equally 6. I tried to detach myself from the reality of these terrible events. A. bring    B. separate    C. put    D. set 7. I have little information as regards her fitness for the post. A. at    B. with    C. from    D. about 8. I grabbed his arm and made him turn to look at me. A. threw    B. seized    C. broke    D. stretched 9. He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company. A. taught    B. attracted    C. kept    D. changed 10. This was an unexceptionally brutal attack. A. cruel    B. open    C. sudden    D. direct 11. “There is no other choice,” she said in a harsh voice. A. firm    B. soft    C. deep    D. unkind 12. She came across three children sleeping under a bridge. A. passed by    B. took a notice of    C. woke up    D. found by chance 13. Traffic reaches its rush hour between 8:00 and 9:00 in the morning. A. border    B. goal    C. level    D. peak 14. We have to change the public’s perception that money is everything. A. sight    B. belief    C. interest    D. pressure 15. She gets aggressive when she is drunk. A. worried    B. sleepy    C. offensive    D. anxious 第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分） Kicking the Habit What is a bad habit? The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly, almost without thinking about it, and which has some sort of negative consequence. This consequence could affect those around us, or it could affect us personally. Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad habits are part of what makes us human. Many early habits, like sucking our thumb, are broken when we are very young. We are either told to stop doing it by our parents, or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same habit, and we gradually grow out of it. It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem. Unless we can break that habit early on, it becomes “programmed” into our brain.    A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits, it is the old ways that tend to win, especially in situations where we are rushed, stressed or overworked. Habits that we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back. During the study programme, the researchers showed a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them word word文档格式规范word作业纸小票打印word模板word简历模板免费word简历 s to associate with them. They then showed the volunteers the same pictures again, and gave them new words to associate with them. A few days later, the volunteers were given a test. The researchers showed them the pictures, and told them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one. It came as no surprise that their answers were split between the first set of words and the second. Two weeks later, they were given the same test again. This time, most of them only gave the first set of words. They appeared to have completely forgotten the second set. The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time. We may try to change our ways, but after a while, the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we learned. The more that response is used, the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond in any other way. The study therefore suggests that over time, our bad habits also become automatic, learned behaviour. This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break them. Even when we try to put new, good intentions into practice, those previously learned habits remain stronger in more automatic, unconscious forms of memory. 16. Boys usually develop bad habits when they are very young. A. Right     B. Wrong     C. not mentioned 17. We can only break bad habits if others tell us to do so. A. Right     B. Wrong     C. not mentioned 18. Bad habits may resume when we are under pressure. A. Right     B. Wrong     C. not mentioned 19. Researchers were surprised by the answers that the volunteers gave in the first test. A. Right     B. Wrong     C. not mentioned 20. The volunteers found the test more difficult when they did it the second time. A. Right     B. Wrong     C. not mentioned 21. The study suggests that it is more difficult to respond to what we learn first. A. Right     B. Wrong     C. not mentioned 22. If we develop bad habits early in life, they are harder to get rid of. A. Right    B. Wrong      C. Not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23-30题，每题1分，共8分） 下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 Pedestrians Only 1. The concept of traffic-free shopping areas goes back a long time. During the Middle Ages, traffic-free shopping areas were built in Middle Eastern countries to allow people to shop in comfort and, more importantly, safely. As far back as 2,000 years ago, road traffic was banned from central Rome during the day to allow for the free movement of the pedestrians, and was only allowed in at night when shops and markets had closed for the day. In most other cities, however, pedestrians were forced to share the streets with horses, coaches and, later, with cars and other motorized vehicles. 2. The modern, traffic-free shopping street was born in Europe in the 1960s, when both city populations and car ownership increase rapidly. Dirty gases from cars and the risks involved in crossing the road were beginning to make shopping an unpleasant and dangerous experience. Many believed the time was right for experimenting with car-free streets, and shopping areas seemed the best place to start. 3. At first, there was resistance from shopkeepers. They believed that such a move would be bad for business. They argued that people would avoided streets if they were unable to get to them in their cars. When the first streets in Europe were closed to traffic, there were even noisy demonstrations, as many shopkeepers predicted they would lose customers. 4. However, research carried out afterwards in several European cities revealed some unexpected statistics. In Munich, Cologne and Hamburg, visitors to shopping areas increased by 50 percent. On Copenhagen’s main shopping street, shopkeepers reported sales increases of 25-40 percent. Shopkeepers in Minneapolis, the USA, were so impressed when they learnt this that they even offered to pay for the construction and maintenance costs of their own traffic-free streets. With the arrival of the traffic-free streets, many shops, especially those selling things like clothes, food and smaller luxury items, prospered. Unfortunately, it isn’t good news for everyone, as shops selling furniture and larger electrical appliances who actually saw their sales drop. Many of these were forced to move elsewhere, away from the city centre. A. Facing protest from shop owners B. An experiment that went wrong C. Increase in sales and customers D. Popularity of online shopping E. A need for change F. An idea from ancient history   23. Paragraph 1          24. Paragraph 2          25. Paragraph 3          26. Paragraph 4          27. Traffic-free shopping streets first developed in          . 28. In the 1960s, dirty gases from cars made shopping          . 29. Shopkeepers mistakenly believed that car-free streets would keep away          . 30. The arrival of the traffic-free shopping street made many          lost their business. A. furniture sellers B. a bad experience C. Middle Eastern countries D. customers E. North America F. pedestrians   第4部分：阅读理解（第31-45题，每题3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 第一篇An Expensive Mistake Is there water on the planet Mars? Is there life on Mars? Was there ever life on Mars? Scientists from NASA wanted to know the answers to these questions. They built a spacecraft to travel around Mars and get information. The spacecraft was called the Mars Climate Orbiter. The Mars Climate Orbiter left for Mars on December 1998. The trip took nine and a half months. At first, everything was fine. However, when the Orbiter got near Mars, something terrible happened. The spacecraft didn’t go to the right place. It went too close to Mars. It was too hot for the Orbiter there. The spacecraft couldn’t function correctly. Suddenly, it stopped sending messages to NASA. The Orbiter was lost. How could this terrible thing happen? How did the Orbiter get closer to Mars than the scientists planned? Finally, they found the answer. Two teams of scientists worked together on the Orbiter. One team was in England, and one team was in the United States. There were many similarities in the way they worked, but there was one important difference: The teams used different guidelines for measuring things. The United States team used the metric system (公制). The other team used the English system. Because they used different systems, the scientists made a mathematical mistake. The Orbiter's orbit (the shape and pattern of its path) around Mars was not correct. The scientists put the Orbiter on the wrong path. The Orbiter got too close and too hot, and it stopped functioning. Why didn't anybody see the mistake before it was too late? Many things contributed to the problem. One thing was that NASA scientists and mathematicians were working on two other spacecrafts at the same time. This was a challenge, and they were very tired from working long hours.