英语语言学在线练习1

英语语言学在线练习1 新编简明英语语言学教程0260 上海外教 戴炜栋 何兆熊 978-7-81080-402-8 9.8元 2009年6月第32次 英语语言学在线练习1 1(第1题 Which of the following underlined parts is a derivational morpheme? A.larger B.data C.trainee D.Kate’s 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 :C 标准答案:C 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 2(第2题 Which of the following is a representative? A.You’d better go to see a doctor. B.I promise to buy you something when I come back. C.I now declare the meeting close. D.I have never seen the man before. 答案:D 标准答案:D 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 3(第3题 Which of the following word belongs to the open classes? A.since B.for C.she D.language 答案:D 标准答案:D 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 4(第4题 The words “longer” and “shorter” are ______ opposites. A.gradable B.ungradable C.relational D.complementary 答案:C 标准答案:C 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 5(第5题 ‘Mr. Brown teaches us linguistics.’ is a ___-place predication. A.no B.one C.two D.three 答案:D 标准答案:D 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 6(第6题 Which of the following pairs of words are homographs? A.sew---sow B.tear(a drop of liquid that flows from the eye)---tear (to pull apart) C.tec---tech D.mouth (a speech organ)---mouth(an entrance to a cave) 答案:B 标准答案:B 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 7(第7题 Instances of mother tongue interference can be found at the level of ____. A.pronunciation B.syntax C.vocabulary D.all of the above 答案:D 标准答案:D 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 8(第8题 Which side(s) of muscles of ours does our left brain control? A.both left and right B.left C.right D.sometimes left, sometimes right 答案:C 标准答案:C 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 9(第46题 The following sounds belong to the same natural class EXCEPT ___. A.[d] B.[s] C.[u] D.[i:] 答案:B 标准答案:B 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 10(第47题 Which of the following best describes the relations between “Alice’s brother is in UK.” and “Alice has a brother.”? A.The former is synonymous with the latter. B.The former is inconsistent with the latter. C.The former entails the latter. D.The former presupposes the latter. 答案:D 标准答案:D 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 11(第48题 The word “TV” is a(n) ____. A.acronym B.blend C.clipped word D.coined word 答案:C 标准答案:C 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 12(第49题 Which of the following is the hyponym of the word “furniture”? A.house B.kitchen C.article D.wardrobe 答案:D 标准答案:D 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 13(第50题 Which of the following best describes the relations between “He is an orphan” and “His parents have died”? A.The former is synonymous with the latter. B.The former is inconsistent with the latter. C.The former entails the latter. D.The former presupposes the latter. 答案:A 标准答案:A 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 14(第51题 ‘Commence’ and ‘begin’ are ___. A.dialectal synonyms B.collocational synonyms C.stylistic synonyms D.synonyms that differ in their emotive meaning 答案:C 标准答案:C 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 15(第52题 Around the time of their second birthday, children begin to produce ____ utterances. A.one-word B.two-word C.three-word D.four-word 答案:B 标准答案:B 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 16(第53题 Which of the following is an example of overgeneralization? A.eyes B.ears C.sheep D.foots 答案:D 标准答案:D 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 17(第93题 How many syllables are there in the word “rhythmical”? A.Three B.Four C.Five D.Ten 答案:A 标准答案:A 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 18(第94题 Which of the following pairs of words are homophones? A.flour---flower B.lead (to guide)---lead (a kind of metal) C.mouth (a speech organ)---mouth(an entrance to a cave) D.animal---cow 答案:A 标准答案:A 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 19(第95题 Which of the following is a directive? A.Your money or your life! B.You are fired! C.The earth is round. D.Thank you very much. 答案:A 标准答案:A 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 20(第96题 The words “subway” and “underground” are ______ synonyms. A.near B.dialectal C.collocationally-restricted D.stylistic 答案:B 标准答案:B 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 21(第97题 How many arguments are there in “I’m not feeling very well”? A.no B.one C.three D.five 答案:B 标准答案:B 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 22(第98题 ‘Handsome’ and ‘pretty’ are ___. A.dialectal synonyms B.collocational synonyms C.stylistic synonyms D.synonyms that differ in their emotive meaning 答案:B 标准答案:B 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 23(第99题 The word “boatel” is a(n) ____. A.acronym B.blend C.clipped word D.coined word 答案:B 标准答案:B 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 24(第100题 Which of the following sentences is an example of overgeneralization? A.Jane told me to give up smoking. B.Jane asked me to give up smoking. C.Jane advised me to give up smoking. D.Jane suggested me to give up smoking. 答案:D 标准答案:D 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 25(第9题 [i] is a semi-close vowel. 答案:错误 标准答案:0 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 26(第10题 English is a tone language. 答案:错误 标准答案:0 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 27(第11题 In ‘a book about ghosts’, the complement is ‘ghosts’. 答案:错误 标准答案:0 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 28(第12题 In the sense set < freshman, sophomore, junior, senior> , ‘junior’ and ‘senior’ are co-hyponyms. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 29(第13题 If Smith said to you in a supermarket, ' I am thirsty now, but I have no money with me' , then his perlocutionary act is your buying him a coca-cola. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 30(第14题 ' Do not say what you believe to be false' is a maxim of relation. 答案:错误 标准答案:0 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 31(第15题 B probably means that it is impolite to ask about her age, in the dialogue below: A: How old are you? B: I am 80. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 32(第16题 The English pronoun ' our' has experienced a process of simplification from Old English. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 33(第17题 Phonology studies how a sound is produced. 答案:错误 标准答案:0 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 34(第18题 Diachronic linguistics is also called historical linguistics. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 35(第19题 About two thirds of languages in the world have not had written form. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 36(第20题 The task of a linguist is to discover the nature and rules of the underlying language system 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 37(第23题 Morphology is the study of sentences. 答案:错误 标准答案:0 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 38(第24题 Modern linguistics aims at prescribing models for language users to follow. 答案:错误 标准答案:0 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 39(第25题 ISBN means International Standard Book Number. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 40(第26题 The word ' dinner' comes from French. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 41(第27题 Different styles of the same language can be revealed through differences at syntactic, lexical and phonological levels. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 42(第28题 Language plays a major role in socializing the people and perpetuating culture, especially in print form. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 43(第29题 It is standard practice for an English native student to greet his teacher before a lecture by saying ' Good morning, teacher!' . 答案:错误 标准答案:0 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 44(第30题 Victor, a wild child, who was deprived of language contact for 12 years, was trained by Itard, but could only speak only two words in the end. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 45(第31题 According to Littlewood, the first language study has served as a backcloth for perceiving and understanding new facts about second language learning. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 46(第32题 ' The shooting of the man' is ambiguous. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 47(第54题 The narrowing of space between the hard palate and the front of the tongue results in the sound [j]. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 48(第55题 A phoneme is a phonetic unit. 答案:错误 标准答案:0 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 49(第56题 The prefix a- in ‘asexual’ means ‘without’. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 50(第57题 ‘His friend is coming.’ presupposes ‘He has a friend.’ 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 51(第58题 ' Open the door!' is a directive. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 52(第59题 ' Be brief' belongs to the maxim of manner. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 53(第60题 Sound changes tend to be systematic. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 54(第61题 The word ' mike' is a clipped word. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 55(第62题 Sociolinguistics deals with the relation between language and society. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 56(第63题 Displacement of language means language use in a far-away place. 答案:错误 标准答案:0 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 57(第64题 Phonetic similarity, not phonetic identity, is the criterion with which we operate in the phonological analysis of languages. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 58(第65题 General linguistics deals with the general aspects of language application. 答案:错误 标准答案:0 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 59(第71题 Syntax is the study of the rules of words. 答案:错误 标准答案:0 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 60(第72题 Diachronic linguistics is also called historical linguistics. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 61(第73题 The word ' baby-sit' is a word from back-formation. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 62(第74题 The word ' meat' we use now has gone through the narrowing of meaning. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 63(第75题 The deletion of the link verb ' be' as in ' You crazy' is typical of the syntax of Black English. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 64(第76题 The Eskimos have far more words for snow than the English natives in that ' snow' is more crucial to the life of the former. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 65(第77题 In English, the word ' blue' is associated with unhappy feelings. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 66(第78题 The sounds [z] and [?] are among the consonants that are supposed to be acquired with most difficulty by a child. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 67(第79题 Broca' s aphasics show that a patient who cannot pronounce the word spoon will also not be able to write it correctly. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 68(第90题 General linguistics does not study theories of language. 答案:错误 标准答案:0 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 69(第91题 Duality of language means language is a two-level system. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 70(第92题 The greatest source of modification of the air stream is found in the oral cavity. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 71(第101题 F. de Saussure was a Swiss linguist. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 72(第102题 Phonetics deals with speech sounds in all human languages. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 73(第103题 The word ‘unsad’ is acceptable in English. 答案:错误 标准答案:0 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 74(第104题 The words ‘alive’ and ‘dead’ are relational opposites. 答案:错误 标准答案:0 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 75(第105题 ‘His dumb boy spoke good English.’ is a contradiction. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 76(第106题 ' I will return the book to you soon.' is an expressive. 答案:错误 标准答案:0 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 77(第107题 B probably means that he doesn' t want to make any comment on the lecture, in the dialogue below: A: What do you think of the lecture? (The speech maker is coming) B: Do we have classes this evening? 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 78(第108题 In Chaucer' s the Canterbury Tales, we can find ' his' to replace ' it' in Modern English, as in ' Whan that Aprille with his shoures sooth' . This reflects the change in the ' agreement' rule. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 79(第109题 Linguistics is the systematic study of language. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 80(第110题 Modern linguistics aims at prescribing models for language users to follow. 答案:错误 标准答案:0 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 81(第119题 The word ' tea' is a loan word from Chinese. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 82(第120题 The word ' silly' used to mean ' happy' in Old English. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 83(第121题 Received Pronunciation in British English is a dialect of London that is representative of standard English. 答案:错误 标准答案:0 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 84(第122题 Semantics is the study of word meaning. 答案:错误 标准答案:0 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 85(第123题 UNESCO is a blend. 答案:错误 标准答案:0 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 86(第124题 For the British people, the Chinese greeting ' Have you had dinner?' would turn into ' It' s fine today, isn' t it?' . 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 87(第125题 Intercultural communication is also called cross-cultural communication. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 88(第126题 ' 鸭不吃了。' is NOT an ambiguous sentence. 答案:错误 标准答案:0 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 89(第134题 The expression ' mummy play ball' is typical of telegraphic speech. 答案:正确 标准答案:1 您的答案: 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.0 90(第33题 Bottom-up processing 答案: Bottom-up processing is such an inductive analysis as to perform phonetic analysis, when one hears a sentence, to isolate phonemes and word boundaries, and to relate these to representations in the mental lexicon. 标准答案: Bottom-up processing is such an inductive analysis as to perform phonetic analysis, when one hears a sentence, to isolate phonemes and word boundaries, and to relate these to representations in the mental lexicon. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.5 此题得分:0.0 91(第34题 Productivity 答案: Productivity refers to the fact that language makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users, which is why they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences, including sentences they have never heard before. This feature is unique to human language. 标准答案: Productivity refers to the fact that language makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users, which is why they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences, including sentences they have never heard before. This feature is unique to human language. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.5 此题得分:0.0 92(第35题 Interference 答案: Interference is the negative or distorting effect that new learning can have on previous learning or that previous learning can have on new learning. 标准答案: Interference is the negative or distorting effect that new learning can have on previous learning or that previous learning can have on new learning. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.5 此题得分:0.0 93(第36题 Sociolect 答案: Sociolect refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a particular social class. 标准答案: Sociolect refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a particular social class. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.5 此题得分:0.0 94(第37题 Ethnic dialect 答案: Ethnic dialect is a social dialect of a language that cuts across regional differences; it is mainly spoken by a less privileged population that has experienced some form of social isolation such as racial discrimination or segregation. 标准答案: Ethnic dialect is a social dialect of a language that cuts across regional differences; it is mainly spoken by a less privileged population that has experienced some form of social isolation such as racial discrimination or segregation. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.5 此题得分:0.0 95(第38题 Language aptitude 答案: Language aptitude in second language acquisition refers to a natural ability for learning a second language. 标准答案: Language aptitude in second language acquisition refers to a natural ability for learning a second language. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.5 此题得分:0.0 96(第39题 Complementary distribution 答案: Complementary distribution arises when allophones of a phoneme are related to each other in that they do not distinguish meaning, but complement each other in distribution. 标准答案: Complementary distribution arises when allophones of a phoneme are related to each other in that they do not distinguish meaning, but complement each other in distribution. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.5 此题得分:0.0 97(第40题 Subcategorization 答案: Subcategorization is the information about a word’s complement that is included in the head, as in: a story about the student. 标准答案: Subcategorization is the information about a word’s complement that is included in the head, as in: a story about the student. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.0 此题得分:0.0 98(第41题 Utterance meaning 答案: Utterance meaning is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication, or in a context. 标准答案: Utterance meaning is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication, or in a context. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.0 此题得分:0.0 99(第42题 Resultative motivation 答案: Resultative motivation refers to the drive that learners learn a second language for external purposes. 标准答案: Resultative motivation refers to the drive that learners learn a second language for external purposes. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.0 此题得分:0.0 100(第80题 Directives 答案: Directives are the speaker’s attempts to get the hearer to do something, e.g. ‘Turn on the light!’, ‘You’d better read the book.’, ‘Your money or your life!’ 标准答案: Directives are the speaker’s attempts to get the hearer to do something, e.g. ‘Turn on the light!’, ‘You’d better read the book.’, ‘Your money or your life!’ 您的答案: 题目分数:1.5 此题得分:0.0 101(第81题 Acronym 答案: An acronym is a word derived from the initials of several words, e.g. IT—information technology; WTO—World Trade Organization. 标准答案: An acronym is a word derived from the initials of several words, e.g. IT—information technology; WTO—World Trade Organization. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.5 此题得分:0.0 102(第82题 Cultural transmission 答案: Cultural transmission refers to the fact that language is culturally transmitted. In other words, language is passed on from one generation to the next through teaching and learning, rather than by instinct. 标准答案: Cultural transmission refers to the fact that language is culturally transmitted. In other words, language is passed on from one generation to the next through teaching and learning, rather than by instinct. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.5 此题得分:0.0 103(第83题 Open class words 答案: Open class words are the content words of a language, to whose classes new words can regularly be added, as nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs in English 标准答案: Open class words are the content words of a language, to whose classes new words can regularly be added, as nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs in English 您的答案: 题目分数:1.5 此题得分:0.0 104(第84题 Language acquisition 答案: Language acquisition refers to the child’s acquisition of his mother tongue, i.e. how the child comes to understand and speak the language of his community. 标准答案: Language acquisition refers to the child’s acquisition of his mother tongue, i.e. how the child comes to understand and speak the language of his community. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.5 此题得分:0.0 105(第85题 Intralingual errors 答案: Intralingual errors refer to errors mainly resulting from faulty or partial learning of the target language, independent of the native language, which include learning strategies-based errors, communication strategies-based errors, induced errors, and some compound and ambiguous errors. 标准答案: Intralingual errors refer to errors mainly resulting from faulty or partial learning of the target language, independent of the native language, which include learning strategies-based errors, communication strategies-based errors, induced errors, and some compound and ambiguous errors. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.5 此题得分:0.0 106(第86题 Sentence meaning 答案: Sentence meaning is the abstract, intrinsic property of the sentence itself in terms of predication. 标准答案: Sentence meaning is the abstract, intrinsic property of the sentence itself in terms of predication. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.5 此题得分:0.0 107(第87题 Intonation 答案: Intonation is the collective expression of meaning when pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation. 标准答案: Intonation is the collective expression of meaning when pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.0 此题得分:0.0 108(第88题 Aphasia 答案: Aphasia refers to the partial or total loss of language due to brain damage. 标准答案: Aphasia refers to the partial or total loss of language due to brain damage. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.0 此题得分:0.0 109(第89题 Interlanguage 答案: According to Selinker, interlanguage refers to an abstract system of learner’s target language system. It has now been widely used to refer to the linguistic expressions learners produce especially the wrong or not idiomatic ones. 标准答案: According to Selinker, interlanguage refers to an abstract system of learner’s target language system. It has now been widely used to refer to the linguistic expressions learners produce especially the wrong or not idiomatic ones. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.0 此题得分:0.0 110(第111题 Naming theory 答案: The naming theory, proposed by the ancient Greek scholar Plato, is one of the oldest notions concerning meaning, according to which, the linguistic forms or symbols, in other words, the words used in a language are simply labels of the objects they stand for, and words are just names or labels for things. 标准答案: The naming theory, proposed by the ancient Greek scholar Plato, is one of the oldest notions concerning meaning, according to which, the linguistic forms or symbols, in other words, the words used in a language are simply labels of the objects they stand for, and words are just names or labels for things. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.0 此题得分:0.0 111(第112题 Dysgraphia 答案: Dysgraphia refers to the disorders in writing which may be acquired or developmental. 标准答案: Dysgraphia refers to the disorders in writing which may be acquired or developmental. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.0 此题得分:0.0 112(第113题 Diglossia 答案: Diglossia refers to a sociolinguistic situation where two varieties of a language exist side by side throughout the community, with each having a definite role to play. 标准答案: Diglossia refers to a sociolinguistic situation where two varieties of a language exist side by side throughout the community, with each having a definite role to play. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.0 此题得分:0.0 113(第127题 Psycholinguistics 答案: Psycholinguistics is the study of language processing; it is concerned with the processes of language comprehension and production. 标准答案: Psycholinguistics is the study of language processing; it is concerned with the processes of language comprehension and production. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.5 此题得分:0.0 114(第128题 Blending 答案: Blending refers to the formation of a word by combining parts of other words, e.g. smog—smoke + fog; motel—motor + hotel. 标准答案: Blending refers to the formation of a word by combining parts of other words, e.g. smog—smoke + fog; motel—motor + hotel. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.5 此题得分:0.0 115(第129题 Idiolect 答案: Idiolect is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations. 标准答案: Idiolect is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.5 此题得分:0.0 116(第130题 Category 答案: Category refers to a group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb. 标准答案: Category refers to a group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.5 此题得分:0.0 117(第131题 Displacement 答案: Displacement is the property that language can be used to refer to things which are present or not present, real or imagined matters in the past, present, or future, or in far-away places. This feature provides speakers with an opportunity to talk about a wide range of things, free from barriers caused by separation in time and place. 标准答案: Displacement is the property that language can be used to refer to things which are present or not present, real or imagined matters in the past, present, or future, or in far-away places. This feature provides speakers with an opportunity to talk about a wide range of things, free from barriers caused by separation in time and place. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.5 此题得分:0.0 118(第132题 Fossilization 答案: Fossilization refers to a process occurring from time to time in which incorrect linguistic features become a permanent part of the way a person speaks or writes a language. 标准答案: Fossilization refers to a process occurring from time to time in which incorrect linguistic features become a permanent part of the way a person speaks or writes a language. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.5 此题得分:0.0 119(第133题 Phoneme 答案: A phoneme is a phonological unit of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit; it is not any particular sound, but rather it is represented or realized by a certain phone in a certain phonetic context. For example, /p/ is a phoneme in the English sound system, which is realized as aspirated (as in ‘peak’) or unaspirated (as in ‘speak’) in different contexts. 标准答案: A phoneme is a phonological unit of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit; it is not any particular sound, but rather it is represented or realized by a certain phone in a certain phonetic context. For example, /p/ is a phoneme in the English sound system, which is realized as aspirated (as in ‘peak’) or unaspirated (as in ‘speak’) in different contexts. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.5 此题得分:0.0 120(第21题 What are inflectional morphemes? 答案: Inflectional morphemes are morphemes (such as ‘-s’, ‘-es’, ‘-ed’ and ‘-ing’) that are bound to other morphemes or words without changing their syntactic category. 标准答案: Inflectional morphemes are morphemes (such as ‘-s’, ‘-es’, ‘-ed’ and ‘-ing’) that are bound to other morphemes or words without changing their syntactic category. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.0 此题得分:0.0 教师未批改 121(第22题 What are causes of language change? 答案: Language change can be attributed to a variety of factors. Some language changes may be easy to explain, but others may be difficult to account for. For instance, it is clear to us that the rapid development of science and technology has led to the creation of many new words (such as ‘telecom’, ‘fax’). In addition, social and political changes and political needs have supplied the English vocabulary with a great quantity of new words and expressions (such as ‘hot line’, ‘shuttle diplomacy’). What is more, as more and more women have taken up activities formerly reserved for men, more neutral job titles (such as ‘chairperson’, ‘police officer’) have been created. Furthermore, the way acquire the language also provides a basic cause of change. Still another source of change which can be regarded as ‘economy of memory’ results in grammar simplification (such as ‘agendum—agenda/agendums’). It is true that there is no single cause of language change. When we account for language change, we may find it quite a complicated phenomenon. 标准答案: Language change can be attributed to a variety of factors. Some language changes may be easy to explain, but others may be difficult to account for. For instance, it is clear to us that the rapid development of science and technology has led to the creation of many new words (such as ‘telecom’, ‘fax’). In addition, social and political changes and political needs have supplied the English vocabulary with a great quantity of new words and expressions (such as ‘hot line’, ‘shuttle diplomacy’). What is more, as more and more women have taken up activities formerly reserved for men, more neutral job titles (such as ‘chairperson’, ‘police officer’) have been created. Furthermore, the way acquire the language also provides a basic cause of change. Still another source of change which can be regarded as ‘economy of memory’ results in grammar simplification (such as ‘agendum—agenda/agendums’). It is true that there is no single cause of language change. When we account for language change, we may find it quite a complicated phenomenon. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.0 此题得分:0.0 教师未批改 122(第43题 What are langue and parole, and how are they different? 答案: Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. It is the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to abide by. Whereas parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use. It is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules, or the naturally occurring language events. Langue is the abstract linguistic system whereas parole is concrete and is the realization of langue in actual use. Langue is relatively stable, while parole varies from person to person and from situation to situation. 标准答案: Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. It is the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to abide by. Whereas parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use. It is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules, or the naturally occurring language events. Langue is the abstract linguistic system whereas parole is concrete and is the realization of langue in actual use. Langue is relatively stable, while parole varies from person to person and from situation to situation. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.0 此题得分:0.0 教师未批改 123(第44题 What is culture? 答案: In a broad sense, culture means the total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. In a narrow sense, it may refer to local or specific practice, beliefs or customs, which can be mostly found in folk culture, enterprise culture or food culture, etc. 标准答案: In a broad sense, culture means the total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. In a narrow sense, it may refer to local or specific practice, beliefs or customs, which can be mostly found in folk culture, enterprise culture or food culture, etc. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.0 此题得分:0.0 教师未批改 124(第45题 What is the Input Hypothesis? 答案: According to Krashen, the only way learners can acquire language is by receiving comprehensible input, which is defined as ‘i+1’, where ‘i’ represents learners’ current state of knowledge, and the next stage is an ‘i+1’. That is, learners have to receive input that is just beyond their competence but not beyond their understanding. This is termed the Input Hypothesis. However, this hypothesis was later modified so that comprehensible input was a necessary but not sufficient condition for acquisition. Learners have to also have the right environment and circumstances to allow comprehensible input to work. A learner's affective filter has to be low; they have to be free of stress and motivated. 标准答案: According to Krashen, the only way learners can acquire language is by receiving comprehensible input, which is defined as ‘i+1’, where ‘i’ represents learners’ current state of knowledge, and the next stage is an ‘i+1’. That is, learners have to receive input that is just beyond their competence but not beyond their understanding. This is termed the Input Hypothesis. However, this hypothesis was later modified so that comprehensible input was a necessary but not sufficient condition for acquisition. Learners have to also have the right environment and circumstances to allow comprehensible input to work. A learner's affective filter has to be low; they have to be free of stress and motivated. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.0 此题得分:0.0 教师未批改 125(第66题 What is a phrase structure rule? 答案: A phrase structure rule is a special type of grammatical mechanism that regulates the arrangement of elements that make up a phrase. For instance, NP ? (Det) N (PP) „ VP ? (Qual) V (NP) „ AP ? (Deg) A (PP) „ PP ? (Deg) P (NP) „ 标准答案: A phrase structure rule is a special type of grammatical mechanism that regulates the arrangement of elements that make up a phrase. For instance, NP ? (Det) N (PP) „ VP ? (Qual) V (NP) „ AP ? (Deg) A (PP) „ PP ? (Deg) P (NP) „ 您的答案: 题目分数:1.0 此题得分:0.0 教师未批改 126(第67题 What is the innatist view of language acquisition? 答案: The innatist view of language acquisition is that human beings are biologically programmed for language and that the language develops in the child just as other biological functions such as walking. This innate ability is first referred to as Language Acquisition Device (LAD), and later as Universal Grammar (UG). Chomsky holds that if children are pre-equipped with UG, then what they have to learn is the ways in which their own language makes use of these principles and the variations on those principles which may exist in the particular language they are learning. 标准答案: The innatist view of language acquisition is that human beings are biologically programmed for language and that the language develops in the child just as other biological functions such as walking. This innate ability is first referred to as Language Acquisition Device (LAD), and later as Universal Grammar (UG). Chomsky holds that if children are pre-equipped with UG, then what they have to learn is the ways in which their own language makes use of these principles and the variations on those principles which may exist in the particular language they are learning. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.0 此题得分:0.0 教师未批改 127(第68题 What is culture? 答案: In a broad sense, culture means the total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. In a narrow sense, it may refer to local or specific practice, beliefs or customs, which can be mostly found in folk culture, enterprise culture or food culture, etc. 标准答案: In a broad sense, culture means the total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. In a narrow sense, it may refer to local or specific practice, beliefs or customs, which can be mostly found in folk culture, enterprise culture or food culture, etc. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.0 此题得分:0.0 教师未批改 128(第69题 What is minimal attachment strategy? 答案: Minimal attachment strategy is that we prefer attaching new items into the phrase marker being constructed using the fewest syntactic nodes consistent with the rules of the language, e.g. Ernie kissed Marcie and her sister … It could be either Ernie kissed [Marcie and her sister]… (minimal attachment) or [Ernie kissed Marcie] and [her sister …] 标准答案: Minimal attachment strategy is that we prefer attaching new items into the phrase marker being constructed using the fewest syntactic nodes consistent with the rules of the language, e.g. Ernie kissed Marcie and her sister … It could be either Ernie kissed [Marcie and her sister]… (minimal attachment) or [Ernie kissed Marcie] and [her sister …] 您的答案: 题目分数:1.0 此题得分:0.0 教师未批改 129(第70题 What is sense? 答案: Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. It is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form; it is abstract and de-contextualized. It is the aspect of meaning dictionary compilers are interested in, like the definition of ‘dog’ as ‘a domesticated canine mammal, occurring in many breeds that show a great variety in size and form’ 标准答案: Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. It is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form; it is abstract and de-contextualized. It is the aspect of meaning dictionary compilers are interested in, like the definition of ‘dog’ as ‘a domesticated canine mammal, occurring in many breeds that show a great variety in size and form’ 您的答案: 题目分数:1.0 此题得分:0.0 教师未批改 130(第114题 What is the difference between prescriptive and descriptive linguistics? 答案: The difference between prescriptive and descriptive linguistics is that prescriptive linguistics is to lay down rules for language users, whereas descriptive linguistics is to describe the language phenomena as they are. Therefore, the former is subjective, while the latter is objective and more scientific 标准答案: The difference between prescriptive and descriptive linguistics is that prescriptive linguistics is to lay down rules for language users, whereas descriptive linguistics is to describe the language phenomena as they are. Therefore, the former is subjective, while the latter is objective and more scientific 您的答案: 题目分数:1.0 此题得分:0.0 教师未批改 131(第115题 what is the relationship between pragmatics and semantics? 答案: The relation between pragmatics and semantics is that both are linguistic studies of meaning. But they differ in that semantics traditionally studies meanings of words, meanings of sentences in isolation from language use, whereas pragmatics studies meanings in the context of language use. 标准答案: The relation between pragmatics and semantics is that both are linguistic studies of meaning. But they differ in that semantics traditionally studies meanings of words, meanings of sentences in isolation from language use, whereas pragmatics studies meanings in the context of language use. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.0 此题得分:0.0 教师未批改 132(第116题 What is under-extension? 答案: Under-extension refers to the phenomenon of a child denying some fact due to his lack of adequate knowledge, e.g. a child may say that birds are not animals. 标准答案: Under-extension refers to the phenomenon of a child denying some fact due to his lack of adequate knowledge, e.g. a child may say that birds are not animals. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.0 此题得分:0.0 教师未批改 133(第117题 What is narrowing of lexical meaning? 答案: This refers to the case that in the course of several generations, semantic change has narrowed the meaning of a word to what it is in Modern English. Take the word ‘girl’ for instance. It once meant ‘young person of either sex’ but now means ‘young people of female sex’. 标准答案: This refers to the case that in the course of several generations, semantic change has narrowed the meaning of a word to what it is in Modern English. Take the word ‘girl’ for instance. It once meant ‘young person of either sex’ but now means ‘young people of female sex’. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.0 此题得分:0.0 教师未批改 134(第118题 What are usually the differences between English and Chinese in response to compliments? 答案: The native English speakers tend to accept compliments more directly and frankly than the native Chinese speakers. The westerners usually express their ‘thanks’ positively to those who offer compliments, whereas the Chinese often feel embarrassed when they hear compliments like ‘You speak excellent English’, and show their modesty by saying something like ‘no, no’. 标准答案: The native English speakers tend to accept compliments more directly and frankly than the native Chinese speakers. The westerners usually express their ‘thanks’ positively to those who offer compliments, whereas the Chinese often feel embarrassed when they hear compliments like ‘You speak excellent English’, and show their modesty by saying something like ‘no, no’. 您的答案: 题目分数:1.0 此题得分:0.0 教师未批改