呼吸系统疾病试题及答案

呼吸系统疾病试题及答案 肺炎病人的护理 一、名词解释 1. 肺炎 是指终末气道、肺泡和肺间质的炎症～可由病原微生物、理化因素、免疫损伤、过敏及药物所致～是呼吸系统的常见病。 2. 社区获得性肺炎,CAP, 是指医院外罹患的感染性肺实质性炎症 包括具有明确潜伏期的病原体感染而在入院后平均潜伏期内发病的肺炎 3. 医院获得性肺炎,HAP, 是指病人入院时不存在～也不处于潜伏期～而于入院后48小时后在医院内发生的肺炎。 二、单选题 1. 肺炎球菌性肺炎的药物治疗首选 ,B, A 万古霉素 B 青霉素 C 红霉素 D 阿奇霉素 2. 肺炎支原体肺炎的药物治疗首选 ,C, A 万古霉素 B 青霉素 C 红霉素 D 链霉素 3. 肺炎球菌性肺炎患者咳痰的的典型特点为 ,D, A白色粘痰 B黄色脓痰 C 粉红色泡沫痰 D 铁锈色痰 4. 肺炎球菌性肺炎患者出现剧烈胸痛时～应采取的护理措施是 ,C, A 观察生命体征 B吸氧 C 取患侧卧位 D 雾化吸入 5. 肺炎球菌性肺炎患者的热型常为 ,C, A 间歇热 B弛张热 C稽留热 D不规则热 三、多选题 1. 肺炎按解剖部位分为 ,ABD, ncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trauma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of common emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, antispasmodic and anti-asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) basic skills requirements name name heart lung A 大叶性肺炎 B 小叶性肺炎 C 支原体肺炎 D 间质性肺炎 2. 以下哪些是肺炎链球菌肺炎的并发症 ,ABD, A 感染性休克 B胸膜炎 C心肌炎 D关节炎 3. 高热患者的护理包括 ,ABCD, A 畏寒、寒战时注意保暖 B 高热时物理降温为宜 C 热退出汗时协助擦干、更换衣服、被褥 D 做好口腔护理 4. 以下哪些是肺炎支原体肺炎的临床 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 现 ,ABCD, A 乏力、咽痛、头痛 B咳嗽、发热 C 食欲缺乏、腹泻 D肌痛、耳痛 5. 肺炎并发感染中毒性休克时应采取的措施包括 ,ABD, A密切观察病情变化～及时发现早期休克征象 B取仰卧中凹位～减少搬动～注意保暖 C高流量吸氧,2-3L/min, D监测治疗反应～预防心衰发生 四、简答题 1. 简述肺炎球菌性肺炎患者的健康教育。 ? 活动与休息:规律生活、适当锻炼。 ? 饮食指导:加强营养等。 ? 心理指导:告知患者肺炎经积极治疗后～一般可彻底治愈～以减轻患者的焦虑。 ? 用药指导:按医嘱用药～注射肺炎球菌疫苗。 ? 出院指导:按时复诊～出现异常及时就医～必要时注射流感疫苗、肺炎球菌疫苗。 2. 病例分析:病人男性～67岁～因肺炎球菌性肺炎住院～查体:T39摄氏度～P～92次每分钟～R24次每分钟～神志清楚～面色潮红～口角疱疹～痰液粘稠～不易咳出～情绪烦躁～生活不能自理～医生嘱咐ncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trauma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of common emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, antispasmodic and anti-asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) basic skills requirements name name heart lung 给予抗生素静脉输液。根据上述资料～请您针对病人存在的问题列出护理诊断。 ? 体温过高:与肺部感染有关, ? 清理呼吸道无效:与痰液粘稠、无力咳出有关, ? 口腔黏膜改变:口唇疱疹～与大量抗生素及抵抗力下降有关, ? 生活自理缺陷:与年老体弱有关, ? 焦虑:与身体健康受到威胁有关。 肺结核病人的护理 一、名词解释 1. 肺结核 是由结核分枝杆菌侵入人体引起的肺部慢性感染性疾病 结核分枝杆菌可累及全身多个脏器～以肺结核最为常见。 二、单选题 1. 20岁男性患者～近来感乏力、食欲不振、夜有盗汗～以往无慢性咳嗽史及肺结核史～X线胸片检查发现右上肺一肋间有片状模糊阴影～内有小透亮区～痰涂片发现抗酸杆菌～应诊断为 , B , A 右上肺原发型肺结核 B 右上肺继发型肺结核 C 右上肺原发型肺结核 D 血行播散型肺结核 2. 肺结核大咯血窒息时应给予 , C , A 俯卧位 B 侧卧位 C 头低足高位 D头高足低位 3. 抗结核用药时间一般在 ( D ) A 6月-9月 B 9月-12月 C 10月-12月 D 1-1.5年 4. 肺结核患者胸痛时应采取 , B , A 俯卧位 B 患侧卧位 C 头低足高位 D头高足低位 三、多选题 ncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trauma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of common emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, antispasmodic and anti-asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) basic skills requirements name name heart lung 1. 以下哪些属于继发性肺结核 ,ABC, A 浸润型肺结核 B空洞型肺结核 C 纤维空洞性肺结核 D血行播散型肺结核 2. 肺结核化疗的原则包括 (ABCD) A 早期 B联用 C 适量 D规律 3. 以下哪些是肺结核的传播途径 ,AC, A 呼吸道传播 B虫媒传播 C 消化道传播 D 血液传播 4. 以下关于肺结核呼吸系统症状叙述正确的是 ,ABCD, A 咳嗽咳痰 B 咯血 C 胸痛 D 呼吸困难 四、简答题 1.简述肺结核的主要临床表现 ? 全身症状:低热、乏力、盗汗、消瘦。 ? 呼吸系统症状:咳嗽、咯血、胸痛。 ? 基本病理变化:炎性渗出、增生和干酪样坏死。 2. 简述肺结核咯血的护理。 ? 咯血先兆的观察:咯血先兆:胸闷、气急、咽痒、咳嗽、心窝部灼热、口感甜或咸～好发时间在夜间或清晨。 ? 通知医生。 ? 患侧卧位～轻拍背部～清除血块～保持呼吸道通畅。 ? 陪护病人～嘱咯血时绝对不能屏气～以免诱发喉头痉挛～导致窒息,勿用力咳嗽。 ? 观察窒息先兆表现～窒息先兆:胸闷、气急、发绀、烦躁,神色紧张、面色苍白～出冷汗。 ? 消除病人紧张情绪。 ? 备好急救物品:吸引器、氧气、气管插管包、气管切开包、呼吸机、吸痰管、 止血药、呼吸兴奋剂、升压药及备血。 呼吸衰竭病人的护理 ncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trauma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of common emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, antispasmodic and anti-asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) basic skills requirements name name heart lung 一、名词解释 1. 呼吸衰竭 各种原因引起的肺通气和,或,肺换气功能严重障碍～ 以致在静息状态下亦不能维持有效的气体交换～导致缺氧伴或不 伴CO2潴留而引起一系列生理功能及代谢障碍的临床综合症。 2. 肺性脑病 由缺氧和CO潴留导致的神经和精神障碍综合症:头痛、2 头晕、烦躁不安、言语不清、精神错乱、扑翼样震颤、嗜睡、昏 迷、抽搐和呼吸抑制。 二、单选题 1. 呼吸衰竭患者的病情观察～下列哪项对发现肺性脑病先兆极为重 要: , B , A 皮肤及面部变化 B 神志与精神变化 C 呼吸变化 D 心率与血压变化 2. 严重的?型呼衰患者～不能吸入高浓度氧～主要是因为 , D , A 缺氧不是主要因素 B可引起氧中毒 C 诱发代谢性碱中毒 D以上都不是 3. ?型呼吸衰竭 ( A ) A PaO2,60mmHg B PaCO2,50mmHg C 两者均有 D 两者均无 4. ?型呼吸衰竭 ( C ) A PaO2,60mmHg B PaCO2,50mmHg C 两者均有 D两者均无 5. 呼吸衰竭最早出现的症状是 , A , ncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trauma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of common emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, antispasmodic and anti-asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) basic skills requirements name name heart lung A 呼吸困难 B 发绀 C 精神症状 D 心血管系统症 三、多选题 1. 呼吸衰竭的并发症包括 ,ABCD, A 感染 B 窒息 C 肺性脑病 D 心力衰竭 2. 呼吸衰竭患者的饮食护理包括 ,ABC, A 高蛋白 B 高脂肪 C 低碳水化合物 D 低维生素 3. 以下针对清理呼吸道无效的护理措施正确的是 ,ABCD, A 指导协助患者进行有效咳嗽 B 每1-2小时翻身1次～并给予拍背 C 痰液粘稠者给予雾化吸入祛痰剂稀释痰液 D 在无菌操作下吸痰 4. 茶碱类药物静脉滴注时 ,ABD, A 浓度不宜过高 B 速度不宜过快 ～注射时应在10分钟以上 C 主要观察有无心悸、骨骼肌震颤、高血钾等情况 D 不良反应有恶心、呕吐、心律失常、血压下降和兴奋呼吸中枢作用 四、简答题 1.简述呼吸衰竭患者的病情观察要点。 ? 呼吸频率、节律和深度～使用呼吸机后呼吸的情况 ? 呼吸困难的程度、咳嗽的特征 ? 痰液的色、量、气味、性质 ? 监测生命体征及意识状态、精神症状 ? 缺氧和CO2潴留表现:发绀、球结膜充血、水肿、皮肤温暖多汗及Bp升高 ? 肺性脑病表现:神志恍惚、烦躁、抽搐、昏睡、昏迷 ? 心力衰竭的症状和体征 ? 尿量及水肿情况 ncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trauma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of common emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, antispasmodic and anti-asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) basic skills requirements name name heart lung ? 消化道出血:呕吐物和粪便性状 ? 监测血气分析和血生化检查 11 监测电解质和酸碱平衡状态 2.简述呼吸衰竭的给氧原则。 ? I型呼吸衰竭:多为急性呼吸衰竭～ PaO2:50-60mmHg ～PaCO2在50mmHg以下 一般浓度,30%-35%),一般流量, 2，4L/min , 严重低氧血症: PaO2:40-50mmHg ～PaCO2正常 高浓度,,50%,,高流量,4，6L/min ,～短时间、间断吸入 ? II型呼吸衰竭:低浓度,,35%,低流量,1，2L/min,～持续吸氧 ncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trauma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of common emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, antispasmodic and anti-asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) basic skills requirements name name heart lung