新概念三1-30课笔记

新概念三1-30课笔记 XDF3 lesson30 我刚刚开始学第3册，把每天的所得与大家分享。 Lesson1 A puma at large 课文精讲 1 puma 美洲狮 2 spot 看出，发现 同义词: see,catch sight of , pick out , recognize 3 hunt 追捕，追猎 hunt for run after追求 seek / pursuade追寻 chase追赶 search搜寻某处为找到某物 4 corner使走投无路 5 trail n.一串，一系列 v.follow 6 cling : hold tightly粘 cling to 粘在.....上 stick 粘住 stick to坚持 sticky 粘的 cling--clung--clung 7 convince 使确信, 使明白 convince sb ( of sth ) make sb feel certain ,cause sb to realize confirm : provide evidence for the truth or correctness of ( a report, an opinion,etc) ; establish the truth of 证实，证明（报告，意见）的正确性，确认 8 somehow : by some means , in some way, for some reason unknow somewhat : a li ttle 9 at large : (1)(of a crimial , animal) free , not confirmed (2) in great detail , throughly (3)（用于名词后）as a whole, in gernal 10 on the spot （1）马上，立刻 （2）在场，在现场 11 assemble 聚集,把某些人召集在一起 hoard 大量的贮存 amass 积聚 ( 主要用于诗和文学作品中) 12 take sth seriously 认真对待 13 leave behind (1) cause (signs of one's actions,an event,etc) to remain (2) fail or forget to bring or take 14 complain of 抱怨 15 in the possession of / in possession of 为(某人)所有/ (某人) 拥有(某物) 16 feel obliged to investigate感到有必要调查 feel obliged to / be obliged to感到有必要(做某事) oblige sb (with sth) /oblige sb (by doing sth) 17 go on for several weeks持续好几周 18 in the quiet country在宁静的乡村 补充 19 accumulate : gradually get or gather together an increasing number or quantity of sth ; get sth in this way 20 extraordinary : beyond what is ordinary extraordinarily : adv. 21 blackberry黑莓 22 print 痕迹 Lesson2 thirteen quals one 课文精讲 1 equal等于 与......相匹敌 be equal to 有能力...... 2 raise 筹款,募捐 提高 饲养 供养 种植 招募 提出 发出 3 torchlight 电筒光 4 always 现在进行时与频度副词 always,constantly,continally等搭配 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示说话人带有的感情色彩 5 one or another 某种，这样或那样 one reason or another one way or another 6 get enough money 筹集足够的钱 7 have something done 找某人来做某事 have the church repaired have the plane repaired have hair cut 某人所遭受的意外某情况(主语必须是发出动作的人) He had his wallet stolen. 8 used to 过去常常 ......, 现在已经不再做 9 however用于口语，主要用在句首. 用在作文中，最好用在句中句尾,要用逗号隔开 nevertheless nonetheless 10 start惊跳,惊吓 11 before ....才 12 armed with 配备上，武装上 armed with the torch 13 recognized sb as 认出某人是 regard sb as / think of sb as 认为某人是 treat sb as 以....待某人 have on sb as把某人尊为 14 night after night 一夜又一夜 day after day year after year week after week bus after bus 15 as well 在句 尾 = too 主要用于肯定句 still用在句首 用逗号隔开, 报是转折表示转折 “虽然如此，但是” 16 get used to ,be used to, get accustomed to, be accustomed to习惯于 get表示渐进的过程 be 表示习惯了的状态 补充 17 in prep.（1）与表示惊奇，恐惧，失望，生气等感情色彩的名词搭配，在句中做状语 in surprise in anger in disappoint in dismay （2）“以，用” in English in red in ink （3） 表示状态 、情况、处境 in trouble in tears in good/bad order in good repair in debt in good / bad health in the bad mood in bed inpoverty / luxury in a favor of excitment 18 be grateful for / be thankful for 为......表示感谢 19 take the trouble to do something不辞劳苦地做某事 I am grateful for the trouble you have taken for me. 20 still 作连接副词= just the same ,even though , in spite of that 仍然 yet 但是，然而 It's raining , still I must go out. This picture is not too vabulable, still I like it. I have failed, yet I shall try again. lesson3 An unknown goddness 课文精讲 1 stand = lie, situate(vt.), locate(vt.) A great tree stands on the mout. 2 for 引导原因状语从句，表示对主句的附加说明和解释 because引导原因状语从句，重点突出原因 3 at one time = once 曾经，一度 4enjoyed a high level of civilization享有高度文明 5 with ... 6 beautifully decorated 过去分词做定语，表示被动意义 They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls. 房间很大，墙壁装饰华丽. 7 beneath the narrow streets = under the narrow streets 作介词时 beneath = under 在... ... 正下方 under还有" 在进行中" 的意思 under control under discussion under repair below 在下方 强调斜下方 8 be used as / be used to be 把...... 用做为 9 date from / date back to开始于, 起源于 10 happen to (v.) 碰巧 还有两种表达: It happens / happened that As it happens / happened that碰巧, 偶然 happen on + n. / pron.偶然发现 11 reconstruct : put together, restore 12 amazed : very much surprised 表示吃惊 的程度 surprised < astonished < amazed < astounded 13 to find ... / to discover ... / to realize ... 发觉....... 14 turn out ( to be)证明是...... 还可以用: It turned out that...据证明 as it turned out正如事后证明或证实的那样, 果不其然 15 rest on = depend on = lean on 倚放, 放置 His hands rested on my shoulder. 16 despite / in spite of 都是prep. 接名词或动名词 17 to one's surprise , with one's surprise 使某人惊讶的是...... 不同在: to one's surprise 可做独立状语,而且主语不必是人 with one's surprise 不能独立使用,而且主语必须是人 相同的用法还有 to one's disappointment, to one's satisfaction, to one's delight to one's dismay; with one's disappointment,with one's satisfaction, with one's delight, with one's dismay. 18 sacred 神圣的 religious 宗教的, 关于宗教的 frightening令人害怕的 19 conserve = keep from wasted, damaged,lost,destroyed保留 maintain维持, 保养 20 at this distance ( of / in time ) 时隔已久 beforehand = in advance 事先 补充 21 drainage 排水, 放水; 排水系统 drain system 排水系统 22 archaelogist考古学家 23 promontory海角 24 storey 楼层 同音词 story 故事 25 full--length: not shortened; of the expected length a full--length skirt : a skirt that reaches the anckles Lesson 4 The double life of Alfred Bloggs Vocabulary 1 manual: physical <---->mental 2 collar white collar ( do mental work ) blue collar ( do manual work) ( get) hot under the collar怒气冲天 3 sacrifice 牺牲 : to give up for good purpose ~ one's life for country ~ time make many ~s 4 privilege : advantage好处 special right特权 sacrifice one's ~ give sb the ~ of doing sth privileged荣幸的 5 dustman清洁工 6 overalls工作服 7 secrect秘密 keep secrect保密 保密还有3 种说法 (1)It is between you and me. (2) I'll keep it to myself. (3) confidential 机密的 in secrect私下里 = secrectly,in private, privately in the secrect知道内情 8 status = social position社会地位 形近词 statue 雕像,雕塑 课文精讲 1 people who do manual work =>blue-collar worker people who work in offices, people who do mental work =>white-collar worker 2 far more money多许多钱 far =much副词, 起加强语气的作用 3 refer to ... as = regard ... as 把......看作 / 称作为 I always refer to him as a bookworm. 4 for the simple reason =>for引导原因状语从句 for the reason that 比because正式, for the reason that 多用于正式语句, 而because 多用在 口语中 5 human nature人性 6 such...that... that引导同位语从句,进一步补充说明 such的涵义 Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pa y for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. 7 be willing to = be ready to心甘情愿做 ...... 8 give rise to, lead to,cause=result in 引起，惹起 The bad conditions have given rise to a lot of crimes. 9 in case of万一, 以防 in the case of 至于,就......而言 Stealing is no shame in case of him. You should ensure your house in case of fire. 10 too embrassed to say太尴尬而没有说明 =be ashamed of 10 get married marry v. 强调动作时 He married the girl. 表示状态 get / be married 表达“和某人结婚已经多长时间了” be married to sb 11 simply = only, just, ...and no more. adv.修饰 told 12 dressed in a smart black suit 形容词短语表达一种状态 = wearing a smart black suit 13 changed （back) into 换上，（换回） 14 Before returning home = Before he returned home 如果运用动名词形式，动名词的主语必须是主句的主语 15 she never will = she will never discover the secrect. 在省略句中never 用在助动词前 16 half as much as 是......的一半多 half / a quarter/ three times as ... as ... ... as +(adj. / adv.)+ as ...是......的几倍 ... times + (adj.的比较级/ adv.的比较级）比......多几倍 17 is well worth the loss of money well 起加强语气作用, 修饰 worth Difficulties in exercise 1 当直接宾语比较长或者是个从句时, 通常放在间接宾语后, say 除外 I explained to him the impossibilty of granting(答应) this request. He confessed(坦白) to me that he had fallen asleep during the meeting. 2 worth + n./ 动名词 His suggestion is worth considering. 3 illustrate 阐释,说明 4 gain获利,赢得(经过努力) ~ time ~reputation fee(为专业服务支付的)费用 the doctor's fee the lawer's fee payment (formal) (商业信贷)付的费用 wages (体力劳动者的)工资 salary (白领阶层的)薪水 5 pay back偿还,报复 reward 酬劳 compensate for = make up for 弥补 more than compensate for = is well worth the loss of Lesson 5 The Facts Vocabulary 1 edit v.编辑 edition n编辑 editorial a.编辑的，主编的 n.社论 2 extreme 极端 走极端go to extreme(s) 3 statistics数据 4 journalist报社，杂志社的记者 reporter电视台的记者 correspondent电台记者，通讯员 5 palace宫殿 6 publish = print (vt.) go to press (vi.Phr) 7 fire v.解雇 = dismiss (formal) = sack ( 俚语) If you do it wrong again, you'll be sacked . 8 originally最初地，原始地 Text 1 instruct sb to do sth = tell sb formally to do sth 2 on = about 强调课题更专一 3 When the article arrived = When the editor received the article 4 refuse to publish it拒绝发表（它） refuse严厉拒绝 decline婉言拒绝 repudiate(formal)断然拒绝 5 instructing 现在分词做定语，补充说明fax 6 set out to do = decide & try to do He set out to make his first 1,000,000 in 5 years. set about doing = start doing sth (no passive) 7 take sb a long time to do sth某人花费很长时间做某事 8 two more faxes = another two faxes 9 fail to = couldn't The journalist failed to reply. 10 reluctantly = unwilling 11 as it had or been written = in its originally way 12 倒装句小结 A not only 位于句首，倒装 not only ...but (also)... Not only had the poor man been arrested,but he had been sent into prison as well. B 否定词位于句首，倒装 常用的否定词有 never, seldom. rarely, little,hardly,scarcely, no where, no sonner C 含 only 的状语位于句首，倒装 Only then did he realize that he had made a mistake. Only when a great deal more information has been obtained, will it be possible to plan a trip. D含 not的短语 位于句首，倒装 not for a moment, not in the least not for an instant not until E 含no的副词短语 位于句首，倒装 at no time in no way in no sense by no means in no case on no condition on no account under no circumstances F so ,such位于句首，倒装 13 he had at last been allowed = he had at last been permitted = he had asked for pemission 14 while 和现在分词搭配，做时间状语，表示正在做某事的过程中 可用 while引导的时间状语从句替换 He had been arrested while counting the 1084 steps ... = ... while he was counting ... 15 现在分词 the step leading to the president's palace 16 fifteen-foot 做前置定语， 用单数 Difficulties 倒装句（见课文讲解） lesson 6 Smash-and-grab Vocabulary smash: break sth into pieces violently The dishes was smashed in the floor. smash into 猛撞,猛冲.猛击 2 grab:seize suddenly catch: get hold of sth / sb suddenly and violently seize 强调抓住抓到的结果 grasp: 掌握 hold:抓牢,抓紧 He grabed me by the arm. Fear seize her. 3 background背景 on the background of sth background information a man of excellent background 4 scramble vi. creep quickly climb vt.爬 mount vt.登上(山) 5 fantastic: very great large wonderful 6 arcade 7 jewellery 8 velvet 9 headlight 10 blare 11 raid 12 ashtray Text 1 介词短语修饰 shops The shoe shop in my neighborhood was just opening. 2 同位语从句 Mr. Taylor, the owner of a jewellery shop was admiring a new display. 3 with 的复合结构 本课重点 A. 宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是主谓关系用动词-ing 形式 B.宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是动宾关系用过去分词形式 C. 描述当时的情况用形容词, 副词，或介词短语. 表示宾语的状况. D. 表达事情将要发生用动词的不定式 to eg. She stood there with her hands resting on her hips. He ran into the room with his face covered with tears. With his homework finished he felt happy. He used to sleep with all windows open. He went out with his hat on. With the meeting over, we went home. He came in with a knife in his hand. Two others with black stockings over faces jumped out. With a lot of homework to do, he can't go to the cinema. with放在句首或句尾, 做状语, 表示行为方式, 原因, 或伴随状况. with 放在名词后, 修饰限定该名词 eg. a thief with stocking over his face a room with the windows open 4 come to + n.到达 come to a stop come to an end come to a decision come to an agreement come to an understanding come to fame come to success 5 at at the butcher's at the backer's at the greengrocer's at the chemist's 6 help oneself to自便 My roommate helped herself to my clothes without asking me. 7 too busy to notice any pain = concentrated one's mind that did not feel any pain 8 at a fantasic speed = at a tremendous speed = at a high( full ) speed = with great speed 9 hunderds of thousands of dollars worth of jewel 价值上百万美元的珠宝 10 前缀构词法 本课重点 (1) dis- A. dis- + adj. agreeable --disagreeable content --discontent graceful ---disgraceful satisfactory ---dissatisfactory B. dis- + n. agreement ----disagreement honest ---dishonest ability ---disability grace ----disgrace C. dis-表示除去.解除 名词前加上dis-转化为动词 courage --- discourage root --- disroot mask --- dismask burden --- disburden (2) ill-后面接以l开头的形容词 legal --illegal logical -- illogical literate -- illterate legible -- illegible (3) im- 后面接以b, m, p, 开头的形容词 mortal -- immortal moral --- immoral (4) ir-用在以r开头的形容词前 rational -- irrational resistble -- irresistible (5) in- 用在以其他字母开头的形容词前 correct -- incorrect accurate -- inaccurate (6) un- 后面接形容词或动词 "不" happy -- unhappy " 无" condition -- uncondition 表示" 为" 主要用在过去分词前 decided -- undecided finished -- unfinished 用在动词前表示做相反的动作 lock -- unlock tie -- untie pack -- unpack Difficlties in excersize 1 on one's way to在......的路上 on the way to在......的路上 He is on the way to become a lawer. = He is on his way to become a lawer. warn sb out of one's way提醒某人让路 in one's way挡路 2 名词前有修饰词时,修饰词的语序时先形容词后名词 3 speed强调加快动作和工作的进程 speed up accelerate加速 v. reverse 倒车 v. 4 overdressed穿着讲究的 5 overlooked俯瞰 6 as it happened这类事的发生 7 hurl用力投掷 8 project发射 = send up lesson 7 Mutilated ladies Vocabulary 1 mutilate 毁伤，残害 vt. 通常用做被动语态 He was mutilated in the accident, and now has only one leg. You have already mutilated the novel by making such changes. mutilation切断，残缺不全n. 2 chew咀嚼v. A lot of people love chewing gums. Don't bite off more than one can chew. chew the fat聊天 chewed up(俚) worried, anxious Don't get chewed up about your examation. 3 microwave oven微波炉 microswich微型开关 microfilm微缩胶卷 microscope显微镜 microphone microsecond百万分之 一秒 microbiology微生物学 4 safekeeping妥善保管 n. keep sth safe v.phr.---safekeeping n. do evil v.phr. --- evildoing n. make trouble v.phr. --- troublemaking n. 5 identify v.鉴定 identity n.身份 identification n. 认明, 确认 6 spodeswoman女发言人 Notes on the text 1 段首用疑问句引发读者的兴趣和注意力 2 rescue save 救(性命) salvage(在水中捞)救 rescue 抢救(东西) Hundereds of people went to help the plane rescue . 3 whiter than white 在英国常见的广告用语，在这里译为 damaged, mutilated 4 make mistakes like this 犯这种错误 5 team组织 a team called Mutilated Ladies which deals with claims from people who fed their mone y to a machine or to their dogs called Multitated Ladies 做team的定语, 表达被动意义。which引导定语从句修饰team ,说明这个 组织的宗旨和 职能。which 引导的定语从句中又包含一个who引导的小从句，修饰限定people，这里 的定语从句是具体说哪一类的人。 6 make a claim 提出要求 7 feed sth to 喂......给..... 这里是拟人 8 concern : is about A recent case concerns Jane Butlin whose fiancé, John, runs a successful furniture busi ness. whose引导的定语从句 9 run a factory, run a copany run 经营, 开 10 have a good day 这里指这一天的生意好 11 to keep it safe 为了保险起见 12 put his wallet containing $3,000 into the microwave oven for safekeeping = put his wallet which contained $3,ooo ... 13 go horse-riding 去骑马 14 beautifully-cooked wallet 这里是讽刺,幽默的说法 15 John went to see his bank manager who sent the remains of wallet and the money to the special department of the Bank of England in Newcastle: the Mutilate Ladies! who指代 bankmanager 16 so long as = oncondition that = provided = suppose, supposing 17 pay for为......付款, 付......款 pay off 还清债务 pay back (1)把钱还给某人(2)报复, 报仇 pay money back pay sb back Special difficulties 1 定语从句 2 现在分词 3 过去分词 4 后缀 --less 表示否定 careless -ful 有, 充满了 hopeful careful -ly adj.+ -ly ---> adv. happy ---> happily n. + -ly ---> adj. day ---> daily -ic, -pic energetic -ish childish womanish -able v. + -able ---> adj. identify ---> identifiable return ---> returnable Lesson 8 The famous monastery Vocabulary 1 monastery寺院，修道院 Abbot修道院院长 Convent nun修女 Abbess女修道院院长 2 rashly: not thinking enough of the result, boldly 3 enclosure围场，圈地 4 privacy n.宁静，隐居 Notes on the text 1 At 2,473 meters 介词短语修饰全文，放在句首，表示原因，条件或状态 In red, she looks much more beautiful. 2 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 There were few passengers who escaped without serious injury. 顺利逃出没有受重伤的旅客很少。 非限制性定语从句 There were few passengers, who escaped without serious injury. 旅客很少，都顺利逃出，没有受重伤。 3 who导非限制性定语从句，指代人，在句中做主语 指代事物在非限制性定语从句中只能用which不用that He lent me a thousand dollars, which was exactly the sum I need. 4 now that 既然 引导时间状语从句，后面接完成时态 Now that you have left university, you have to find a job. 引导原因状语从句时态不限 Now that you won’t help me, I must do the job myself. 5 ever 与 what, who, when, where 连用，加强语气（特别是疑问句的语气） Whoever told you that, didn’t know what he was talking about. 6 attempt to do sth ---try to do sth 前者更正式 7 There be There are still a few students studying English in the classroom. 8 in cars = by car 9 about = here and there Don’t litter waste papers about. 10 wander about 注意wander和wonder发音不同 11 quite the opposite恰恰相反 12 prefer sth to sth prefer to do than do He prefers bananas than apples. He prefers reading than doing nothing. He prefers to read than do nothing. 13 the regular visitors to the monastery 来修道院参观的常客 14 These young people, who love the peace of the mountain, always receive a warm w elcome at St Bernard’s monastery. Who 引导的非限制性定语从句 Mike, who loves chess very much, entered for the game. Lesson 9 Flying cats Vocabulary 1 fascinate迷住，吸引住v. be facinated with 近义词： like , love , be fond of be facinated with 对......着迷 be crasy about , be mad about fascination 迷惑,蛊惑 n. fascinating 迷 人的, 醉人的 adj. 2 affectionate充满深情的，柔情的 Cat is a kind of affectionate animal. affectionatly adv.深情地 affection n.感情 3 mysterious adj. 神秘的，难以捉摸的 mystery n.秘密 4 submissive adj.服从的，顺从的 = obdient be submissive to sb submit v.屈服，顺从 submit oneself to sb /sth submission n. 5 feline adj. 猫的 6 independence 独立性 7 windowsill n. 窗槛 8 paratrooper n. 伞兵 9 squirrel n. 松鼠 10 air-resistance n. 空气阻力 11 impact n. 冲击力 Notes in the text 1 Cats never fail to fascinate human beings. never fail to 是双重否定。加深了句子的语义 双重否定又有四种： （1）never fail to, can't fail to, don't fail to （2）在否定的形容词前加以否定 not reasonable, not uncommon ( 3 ) not+without You can't obtain English without working hard. ( 4 ) no + not There is no rule that has no exception. 2 have learned to 学会了，习惯于 3 be supicious of sb 怀疑某人，对某人存有戒心 4 One of the things that fascinates us most about cats is the popular belief that they have nine lives. 是that引导的同位语从句 5 truth 不可数。用a great deal of 修饰 6 appearantly = It seems that ... 7 A cat's ability to survive falls is based on fact. suvive v. fall n.& v be based on 基于事实上的 base sth on把......建立在......的基础上 We base the theory on the fact. 8 make a study of sth 对......做出研究 9 over a period of five month经过为时五个月 10 in common = the same 11 die from shock / injures / wound强调非自然死亡 die of illness / disease / hunger / thirsty 强调因疾病，寒冷饥饿或感情因素死亡 12 be shortage of = be lack of there is no shortage of tall buildings = there is no lack of tall buildings = there are plenty of tall buildings 13 well-trained训练有素的 well-decorated装修得很好的 14 It seems that the further cats fall, the less they are likely to injure themselves. the further ... , the less .... 用定冠词the修饰形容词或副词的比较级 The harder you study English, the better you can learn it. 15 be likely to do有可能如何 16 and more甚至更多 17 at high speed高速 18 stretch out伸展 Difficulties in exercise 1 for 对于人们来讲 with对于人们来讲，强调对比概念 With some children, their pocket money goes a long way. 2 during在......期间, 强调时间短 through侧重指从空间通过 throughout自始至终, 贯穿始终 3 be based on = be supported by被......证实 Lesson 10 The loss of the Titanic Vocabulary 1 colossal: large in size 近义词 big , large , huge , great , vast , immense , enormous , giant , gigiantic , trem endous , titantic . big大且很重，重要的 You give me a big surprise. He is a big person. The box is big. large体积大，数量大 an empty large box a large number of people great伟大 vast 辽阔 vast desert immense: 不可测量的，无边无际的 immeasurable immense stadium immense iceburg enormous数量大，程度深，体积大。强调程度时语义强于big giant巨大的，高大的；巨人 a giant person gigantic adj. tremendous: big, fast, powerful. The plane is travelling at tremenendous speed. titanic人和物体积大，力量大 The ship is titanic. huge强调体积大，数量大 a huge stone a huge amount of money 2 watertight不漏水的 a watertight ship a watertight argument, a watertight excuse waterproof防水的 waterproof watch 防水手表 waterproof coat雨衣 3 flood vt.&n. vt. 1) be filled with water The ship is flooded. 2) 引申为充满 The room is flooded with moonlight. n. 洪水 1) in flood河水泛滥 During the rains, the river is in flood. 2) in a flood of words滔滔不绝地 She blamed her husband in a flood of words on seeing him. 4 tragic:悲剧的 unfortunate, miserable, bitter tragedy n. in tragedy comic喜剧的, comedy喜剧 comical古怪的，可笑的 5 voyage海上航行 flight飞行 journey长途行程 navigation航海，航海术 The voyage is more than the old lady can bear. 6 collide碰撞，抵触 crash坠毁 conflic和......相抵触 clash相冲突 It is said there is an airplane that crashed in the mountains. My idea conflicts with yours. His wedding clashed with my examation, so I couldn't go. 7 tremble 有规律，小幅度的抖动 Look, your hands are trembling. What's wrong with you? shiver 因寒冷、惧怕一连串地抖动 I found she is shivering in a cold. shudder全身颤栗 The boy is shuddering. Why? Because he was frightening. 8 fiant : (1) weak weak sound (2) uncousious 近义词 slight 轻微的，微不足道的 a slight headache a slight book 9 abandon因为某事被迫放弃自己喜爱的事物 desert 背弃，遗弃 desert the army, desert the duty, desert his family 10 plunge: jump or rush suddenly & wildly投入，跳入 jump强调快速的跳 The boy is jumpimg up and down. leap跳跃 He leapt out of the sleeping bed. dive跳水H. Notes on the text 1 The great ship, Titanic, sailed for New York from Southampton on April 10th, 1912. sail for 航海去往某处 set out ( off ) for 出发去往某处 leave for, head for, make for 2 Even by modern standards, the 46,000 ton Titanic was a colossal ship. even by... by : according to依据 by mordern standards , by regulation, by rules, by our estimate,by our looks, by one's appearance according to 依据课文、事实等客观存在的现实 according to the fact according to the text in my opinion在我看来 in accordance with 比according to更正式 in accordance with law in accordance with rules 3 be regarded as: be considerde to be ,be thought of as 口语中常说regard sb/sth as + ( n./pron./adj./doing/done) eg. I regarded his idea as totally unacceptable. We can't regard the matter as settled. 4 go down: sink 5 on her first voyage = on her maiden voyage 首航 6 with heavy loss of life损失很大，伤亡惨重 7 while the Titanic was sailing across the icy water of the North Atlantic, huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a lookout. ...spotted....: suddenly discovered by a look out 8 icy water水域，海域 9 narrowly勉强地 10 Suddenly, there was a slight trembling sound from below, and the captain went do wn to see what had happened. from below从底部，从下面 from above 从上面 11 to one's horror使某人惊骇的是，使某人恐惧的是 to one's surprise 使某人惊讶的是 12 The order to abandon ship was given and hundreds of people plunged into the icy water. order/ ability/ capitability order sb to do sth ---> the order to ( abandon the ship) be able to do sth ---> the ability to do sth be capable of ---> the capability of doing sth Difficulties Word Building v.+-er 以不发音的-e结尾的，只加-r.表示行为的主动者，做某事的人 work--worker teach--teacher murde--murder write---writer read---reader v.+ -ist表示某种主义者，信仰者；从事某种事业，研究的人 copy --- copist type --- typist novel --- novelist drug --- druggist tobacco ---tobacconist adj.+ -ness抽象名词。表示一种性质、情况、状态 kind --- kindess bitter ---bitterness happy --- happiness willing ---willingness v.+ -ion 名词 suggest --- suggesstion possess --- possession collect --- collection 以-te 结尾的动词，把不发音的-e去掉再加-ion translate --- translation complete --- completion graduate --- graduation 某些以-aim, -ain结尾的动词， 把-i 去掉再加-ation explain --- explanation exclaim --- exclamation 某些以 -ity结尾的, 放在形容词后构成抽象名词，表示性质、状态 以-able/-ible结尾的形容词变成名词，变成-ability/-ibility able --- ability probable --- probability possible --- possibility mobile ---mobil Lesson11 Not guilty Vocabulary 1 guilty 犯罪的，违法的 He felt guilty when he did what he shouldn't have done. guilt n. guiltily adv. 反义词innocent adj. innocence n. 2 tolerant adj.宽容的 tolerantly adv. tolerance n. tolerate vt. toleratable adj. 3 hardened有经验的 =experienced hardened侧重于老练的 a harden player a hardened thief experienced侧重于经验丰富的 an experienced teacher 4 professional 职业的，专业的 a professional player 5 officious爱管闲事的 officiously adv. officiousness n. an officious civil servant爱管闲事的公务员 an officious police officer爱管闲事的警察 6 confidently He went to do the work confidently. = with confident confident adj. confidence n. have confidence有信心 gain confidence获得信心 in confidence = secretly秘密地，私下地 take sb in one's confidence以某人为心腹 7 dreadful可怕的，乱七八糟的 = frightful胆怯的，恐惧的 8 perfume香水 fragrance抽象名词，芬芳 9 duty税 Custom Duty关税 Stamp Duty印花税 duty free免税的 同义词 tax income tax所得税 10 baggage行李 = luggage Text Customs Officers are quite tolerant these days, but they can still stop you when you ar e going through the Green Channel and have nothing to declare. Even really honest pe ople are often made to feel guilty. The hardened professional smuggler, on the other h and, is never troubled by such feelings, even if he has five hundred gold watches hidd en in his suitcase. When I returned form abroad recently, a particularly officious young Customs Officer clearly regarded me as a smuggler. 'Have you anything to declare?' he asked, looking me in the eye. 'No', I answered confidently. 'Would you mind unlocking this suitcase please?' 'Not at all,' I answered. The Officer went through the case with great care. All the thing I had packed so caref ully were soon in a dreadful mess. I felt sure I would never be able to close the case again. Suddenly, I saw the Officer's face light up. He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced on it with delight. 'Perfume, eh?' he asked sarcastically. 'You should have declared that. Perfume is not e xempt from import duty.' 'But it isn't perfume,' I said. 'It's hair gel.' Then I added with a smile, 'It's a strange mixture I make myself.' As I expected, he did not believe me. 'Try it!' I said encouragingly. The officer unscrewed the cap and put the bottle to his nostrils. He was greeted by an unpleasant smell which convinced him that I was telling the truth. A few minutes later, I was able to hurry away with precious chalk marks on my baggage. Notes on the text 1 Customs Officers are quite tolerant these days 表示程度的副词 完全地completely, entirely, fully, thoroughly thoroughly有“仔仔细细地，彻彻底底地”意 绝对地absolutely 真地，确实really Even really honest people ... 尤其地，特别的particularly a particularly officious young Costoms Officer .... 极端地，极其，非常extremely, excessively fairly “一般般” very“非常”语气强烈 rather 语意接近 faily 注意rather, faily修饰形容词，副词，特别是修饰形容词同时修饰名词时，不定式冠词的位置不同 a faily good book a rather good book = rather a good book rather too = quite quite right quite wrong quite mistaken quite sure 2 the Green Channel = the Customs Office 3 looking me in the eye look sb in the eye = look sb in the face = stare sb in the eye = look directly at sb 4 The Officer went through the case with great care. = The officer examined the case carefully. 5 in a mess 乱作一团 in 和名词搭配表示状态 in good order in good health in a good mood in good temper 6 light up: suddenly looks pleased and happy容光焕发 ，喜气洋洋 His face lighted up at the small triumph. light的过去式，过去分词：lit , lighted a lighted cigar a lighted stick一根点燃的火炬 7 with + 抽象名词 表示内心充满了一种感情 with confidence with care with pride with dilight with surprise 8 pounce on 向。。。猛扑过来|| 对。。。大做文章 The policeman pounced on the thief. Don't pounce on my mistake. 9 You should have declared that. should have + P.P.本应该作某事而没做，具有谴责性意思 本不该作某事shoudn't have done 10 exempt免除的， be exempted from被免除的 11 As I expected, he did not believe me. as 作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的整个句子的含义 关系代词as和which的区别 as引导的非限制性定语从句，可以用在主句前 which引导的非限制性定语从句，只能用在主句后 12 greet问候，向。。。致敬；觉察到；呈现在。。。眼前，在。。。耳边 He was greeted by an unpleasant smell which convinced him that I was telling the trut h. I woke up and was greeted by a bird's song. Inside the room a dreadful mess greeted us. When he went into the kitchen, a smell greeted him. Lesson 12 Life on a desert island Text Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island. We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines. Life ther e is simple and good. Ripe fruit falls from the trees and you never have to work. The other side of the picture is quite the opposite. Life on a desert island is wretched. You either starve to death or live like Robinson Crusoe, Waiting for a boat which never co mes. Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures, but few us have had the opportunity to find out. Two men who recently spent five days on a coral island wished they had stayed there longer. They were taking a badly damaged boat from the Virgin Islands to Miami to ha ve it repaired. During the journey, their boat began to sink. They quickly loaded a sma ll rubber dinghy with food, matches, and cans of beer and rowed for a few miles acros s the Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny coral island. There were hardly any trees o n the island and there was no water, but this did not prove to be a problem. The men collected rainwater in the rubber dinghy. As they had brought a spear gun with them, they had plenty to eat. They caught lobster and fish every day，and, as one of them put it 'ate like kings'. When a passing tanker rescued them five days later, both men were genuinely sorry that they had to leave. New words and expressions 1 desert island 荒岛 desert沙漠n. 背弃，遗弃v. dessert 甜点n. 2 paradise 天堂，乐土 heaven天堂，天国，死亡 3 wretched = miserable可怜的，艰苦的 lead a wretched / miserable / terrible / dog life 4 starve挨饿 be starved to death饿死 5 opportunity机会 golden opportunity Opportunity knocks only once.千载难逢的机会 opportunity + of, to chance 表示机会时可与opportunity互换，表示可能性则不可互换 6 genuinely由衷地 He is genuinely thankful to me. genuine adj. genuiness n. 7 coral n. 珊瑚 8 dinghy n. 救生筏，小船 9 spear gun 捕鱼枪 10 lobster n. 龙虾 11 tanker n. 油轮 12 Robinson Crusoe 鲁滨孙.克鲁索（小说《鲁滨孙漂流记》主人公） Notes on the text 1 form an unrealistic picture of sth对。。。抱有不切实际的幻想 A large number of people have formed an unrealistic of the job. 2 imagine sth to be / imagine sth as 3 quite the opposite 恰恰相反 4 either ...or...句型中谓语动词跟与它临近的主语一致 Either you or I am going to the party. an element of truth = a bit of truth 5 wish 做谓语动词，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气 如果表达对现在的遗憾或与现在相反的情况，从句中的谓语动词用过去时，be动词用were代替 如果表达对过去的遗憾或与过去相反的情况，从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时 如果表达与将来事实相反的情况或将来不可能实现的愿望，用情态动词的过去时would, could I wish you could drive a car. I wish I hadn't spent so much money. I wish that I could go abroad tomorrow. 6 if only用法同wish, 但wish比更富有戏剧性和感情色彩 If only the weather would change. If only you hadn't said that. If only you would come here tomorrow. 7 load with 往上...装载... The workers are loading the trucks with goods. unload 卸载 8 hardly any几乎没有: very little, very few You hardly eat anything , what's wrong? 9 as one of them put it put: express 10 fend for oneself独立地照顾某人 11 unduly过分地，过度地 unduly optimistic or unduly pessimistic[/size] Lesson13 "It's only me." Text After her husband had gone to work. Mrs. Richards sent her children to school and we nt upstairs to her bedroom. She was too excited to do any housework that morning, fo r in the evening she would be going to a fancy-dress party with her husband. She inte nded to dress up as a ghost and as she had made her costume the night before, she was impatient to try it on. Though the costume consisted only of a sheet, it was very effective. After putting it on, Mrs. Richards went downstairs. She wanted to find out w hether it would be comfortable to wear. Just as Mrs. Richards was entering the dining room, there was a knock on the front do or. She knew that it must be the baker. She had told him to come straight in if ever s he failed to open the door and to leave the bread on the kitchen table. Not wanting to frighten the poor man, Mrs. Richards quickly hid in the small storeroom under the stai rs. She heard the front door open and heavy footsteps in the hall. Suddenly the door of the storeroom was opened and a man entered. Mrs. Richards realized that it must b e the man from the Electricity Board who had come to read the metre. She tried to ex plain the situation, saying 'It's only me', but it was too late. The man let out cry and j umped back several paces. When Mrs. Richards walked towards him, he fled, slamming the door behind him. Vocabulary 1 costume化装服 2 consist由。。。组成 consist of（表示被动的概念） =be made up of = comprise整体由部分所构成 be composed of强调由。。。部分所组成 constitué(e) 由部分构成整体 3 effective有明显效果的，有作用的 influential有潜移默化影响力的 efficacious（医药）有效的 fruitful有成效的（试验等） 4 flee ( fled, fled ) vt.&vi.（总称）泛泛强调逃离危险境地 escape vt. 逃出监狱，逃出牢笼 || vi.逃掉，逃出 5 slam = bang 6 metre 电表 Notes on the text 1 too ...to not / never too ...to 并不太。。。，所以能。。。 One is never too old to learn. The question is not too difficult for me to answer. 副词前有all, only, but.修饰，表示肯定语气 They are all too satisfied to work with you. I always too glad to have someone to speak to. He was but too eager to get home. 2 fancy-dress party = costume party化装舞会 3 be impatient to do sth急于做某事，迫不及待地 impatient可用eager,anxious, hungry, thirsty, desterate, can't wait(口语)替换 4 She wanted to find out whether it would be comfortable to wear. 动词不定式to wear 修饰 comfortable 做状语 The book is difficult to read. 5 It would be comfortable (for her) to wear.主动形式表达被动概念 （一）不定式或动名词 The music is sweet to hear. The machine needs repairing. The dictionary is worth buying. （二）under The house is under construction. The puma is still under control. The problem is under discussion. The thief is under arrest. （三）“使用”，“浪费”，“不用” The airport came into use again. Our time has already gone to waste. （四）“能够被。。。的”--able She is a respectable person. （五）consist of , comprise本身有被动概念，“由。。。结构形式组成” 6有人敲门 There was a knock on / at the door. There was someone at the door. There was someone knocking the door. 7 if ever -- ever用于条件句中 “任何时间”，“任何场合” = whenever If ever/ Whenever he is in trouble, I'll be on the spot. 8 Not wanting to frighten the poor man, Mrs. Richards quickly hid in the small storeroo m under the stairs. Not wanting分词的否定结构形式做原因状语，多用在句首，也用于句中放在主谓间。 Not wanting to make her nervous, the doctor didn't fully explain the seriousness of her condition. The doctor, not wanting to make her nervous, didn't fully explain the seriousness of he r condition. 9 read the metre查电表 10 let out a cry = utter / give a cry shout强调有目的的喊 shout to sb shout at sb 11 jump back several paces 12 When Mrs. Richards walked towards him, he fled, slamming the door behind him. slamming 现在分词做方式状语或伴随状语，说明逃离的情况 Special difficulties 形容词+动词不定式 He was delighted to learn that his offer had been accepted. 感情类的形容词放在动词不定式前，通常是表示原因，在句中做原因状语 如：happy, relieved, astonished, amazed, surprised,horrified, disappointed, sad, embarrassed, shocked He was frightened to see the snake. = He was frightened when he saw the snake. 不定式也可放在表语后，主语是不定式的实际宾语 The car is hard to park. Some questions are awkward to answer. 在少数几个动词后，不定式可以表示结果 ( learn, find, see, hear, to told ) He lived to see his inventions come to success. He woke up to find everyone gone. He went to his house only to find him out. 在不定式前加only表示意想不到的，出乎意料的结果 He hurried to the post office only to find it was shut ( closed ). Lesson 14 A noble gangster Text There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago that to pay lar ge sums of money to gangsters in return for 'protection.' If the money was not paid pr omptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop. Obtaining 'protection money' is not a modern crime. As long ago as the fourteenth ce ntury, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangste rs. Six hundred years ago, Sir Johan Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers an d settled near Florence. He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to t he Italians as Giovanni Acuto. Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded. In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his me n would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to g o away protection money was paid to them. Hawkwood made large sums of money in this way. In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero. When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a pictured with as dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue.' Vocabulary 1 gangster歹徒，强盗 robber抢劫犯 bandit强盗，土匪 brigand（ 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf ）强盗，土匪，盗贼，草寇 hooligan流氓 hoodlum（口）罪犯，恶汉 rascal（口）淘气，捣蛋鬼 2 protection money保护费 protector保护者 protege被保护者 3 promptly = immediately punctually 4 destroy强调毁灭，消灭，完全地摧毁 damage可以被修复 break强调弄坏，弄断 spoil强调把事情搅了 5 remarkable: unusual, uncommon, extraordinary a remarkable event an extraordinary event outstanding突出的，杰出的，卓越的 Our headmaster is an outstanding youth. distinguished杰出的，显赫的，不同非凡的 = eminent显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的 a distinguished physicist an eminent surgeon an eminent judge a distinguished lawyer 6 well-known强调众所周知 famous因卓越的贡献而流芳百世 notorious臭名昭著的 = infamous语气较弱 renowned某人或某事以独特的本质或个性而闻名 7 band 表示贬义色彩的团伙帮派的词还有 mob a mob of hooligans gang a gang of thieves nest a nest of bandits pack a pack of hoodlums 8 hire, rent, let, employ hire out, rent out租给，租出 hire from, rent from租进来 let仅只出租房屋 employ长期雇佣体力劳动者或聘用脑力劳动者 hire短期雇佣体力劳动者 We employed her as our advisor. The factory employed 500 workers. He hired 2 helpers. 9 dedicate dedicate to He dedicate his first book to his mother. 做献身，奉献解，比 devote 更正式而庄重 10 valiant英勇的 more valiant the most valiant brave fearless courageous 11 memory in memory of / to the memory of in sb's honor/ in honor of sb If my memory serves me well, you're Tom. Notes on the text 1 in return for目的是为了换取。。。作为对。。。的回报 He gave me some books in return f or my help. 2 There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago that to pay l arge sums of money to gangsters in return for 'protection.' when 引导时间状语从句修饰 time 3 put a man out of business使某人失业 put sb./sth. out of... You are putting me out of patience. put it out of your mind = forget all about it 4 as long ago as 追溯回到 = dating back to I knew Jane as long as the year 1980. 5 make the remarkable discovery做出不同寻常的发现 6 本课难点 would rather ... than ... ( 连接动词原形 ) would prefer to do ... than do ... would prefer doing ... to doing... would rather / would sooner + that引导的宾语从句（从句用过去时） 7 life work毕生的工作 8 Six hundred years ago, Sir Johan Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers （一帮士兵） and settled（定居在......） near Florence. 9 make a name for himself: become famous 10 come to / get to 渐渐地 I come to be known to my students. I got to know him. 11 at war at war with 12 in times of peace 13 march into 14 burn down烧毁 burn up烧光 burn out烧空 The house were burnt out left only empty walls. 15 would offer to go away : would promise to go away 16 in spite of this尽管如此 17 give sb. a state funeral给某人举行国葬 lesson15 Fifty pence worth of trouble Text Children always appreciate small gifts of money. Mum or dad, of course, provide a reg ular supply of pocket money, but uncles and ants are always a source of extra income. With some children, small sums go a long way. If fifty pence pieces are not exchange d for sweets, they rattle for months inside money boxes. Only very thrifty children ma nage to fill up a money box. For most of them, fifty pence is a small price to pay for a nice big bar of chocolate. My nephew, George, has a money box but it is always empty. Very few of the fifty pe nce pieces and pound coins I have given him have found their way there. I gave him f ifty pence yesterday and advised him to save it. Instead he bought himself fifty pence worth of trouble. On his way to the sweet shop, he dropped his fifty pence and it boun ced along the pavement and then disappeared down a drain. George took off his jacket, rolled up his sleeves and pushed is right arm through the drain cover. He could not fi nd his fifty pence piece anywhere, and what is more, he could no get his arm out. A c rowd of people gathered round him and a lady rubbed his arm with soap and butter, b ut George was firmly stuck. The fire brigade was called and two fire fighter freed Geor ge using a special type of grease. George was not too upset by his experience because the lady who owns the sweet shop heard about his troubles and rewarded him with la rge box of chocolates. Vocabulary 1 Appreciate v.欣赏,感激 The poem is too difficult for me to appreciate. I appreciate your help.=be thankful/grateful to sb 2 Pocket money 零用钱 Beer money 留给丈夫的零花钱 Green money 美金 Soft/folding money 纸币,钞票 Hard money 硬币 3 Thrifty a.节俭的,不浪费的 同义词:economical ,frugal ; 4 bounce v.弹起,跳起 the coin was bounced. 同义词:jump (跳跃);leap (跃);hop (单足跳);spring(弹跳,n.弹簧);skip(跳跃,略过) 5 stick v.卡住,不能再动;坚持,粘贴 you must stick to your idea. Stick the stamp on the envelop. Stick with :忠实于=be faithful to His arm was stuck. 6 Brigade:消防队 Fire brigade=fire department;fire station 7 grease 润滑油 Notes on the text 1 small gift of money零花钱 这课采用了四种说法 small gift of money a source of extra income pocket money extra income Children always appreciate small gifts of money. Husbands always appreciate small gifts of beer money from their wives. 2 provide a regular supply of ... 定期地提供 ... provide sth. for sb. provide sb. with sth. 3 go a long way 表示可以买很多东西，维持很久的时间 The money we have will go a long way. With frugal housewives, they made their small income go a long way. go a long way towards对。。。大有帮助 They will go a long way towards overcoming the difficulty. 4 with&for for关于，对于。。。来说，考虑到。。。的事实 For him, this will be an entirely new hobby. with在某一方面，在与某物有关的某一方面，多用于二者的对比 Some people may accept that excuse, but it won't work with me. 5 pence 便士 复数形式是pennies a fifty pence一个50便士的硬币 a fifty pennies50个1便士的硬币 6 rattle = tinkle叮当作响 roar呼啸（重点突出老虎狮子等大动物的叫声） This car roar by me. shout at = bark at 大喊大叫 Don't shout at him. grunt咕咕哝哝的，哼哼唧唧的 He is grunting. slam 砰的一声 7 fill up 填满 up (1) up表示方向 to表示目的地，谈话者所在地 up to 表示到达目的地 towards朝向某个方向，不一定到达目的地 (2)沿着，走向更远的地方，强调距离更远 They walked up the street. The children run up the garden path to greet their father. (3)系动词+up 表示消费，摧毁，彻底用完，用光 drink up eat up use up (4)积存，从少到多，积少成多 We must lay up some boiled food for the winter. (5)从河的上游到河的下游，河流入口处以上到源头的某一点 They are sailing up the Thames. (6)包起来，封住，盖住 button up wrap up lock up fasten up save up wash up do up 8 fty pence is a small price: fifty pence is not much money a small price算不得什么 For him, 2000 dollars is not a small price to pay for it. 9 find their way there:reach抵达，到达，找到自己的去处 Rivers find their way to the sea. How did such a foolish statement find its way into print. I have just bought a new book shelf, and all my books have already found their way t here. 10 roll vi.滚动 The pencil rolled under the table. roll vt.滚动 He rolled the ball towards the puppy. roll up 卷起，挽起 roll up your sleeves roll up the carpet 11 what 引导的插入语 起加强语气的作用 what is more important what is worse what is more what is rare 12 gather round 13 rubbed his arm with sth. 14 firmly坚定地，稳固地 加强语气 15 The fire brigade was called and two fire fighter freed George using a special type of grease. using 现在分词作状语，强调一种方式 16 reward ... with用 ......来奖励某人 Lesson16 Mary had a little lamb Text Mary and her husband Dimitri lived in the tiny village of Perachora in southern Greece. One of Mary's prize possessions was a little white lamb which her husband had given her. She kept it tied to a tree in a field during the day and went to fetch it every eve ning. One evening, however, the lamb was missing. The rope had been cut, so it was obvious that the lamb had been stolen. When Dimitri came in from the fields, his wife told him what had happened. Dimitri at once set out to find the thief. He knew it would not prove difficult in such a small villa ge. After telling several of his friends about the theft, Dimitri found out that his neighb our, Aleko, had suddenly acquired a new lamb. Dimitri immediately went to Aleko's ho use and angrily accused him of stealing the lamb. He told him he had better return it or he would call the police. Aleko denied taking it and led Dimitri into his backyard. It was true that he had just bought a lamb, he explained, but his lamb was black. Asha med of having acted so rashly, Dimitri apologized to Aleko for having accused him. Wh ile they were talking it began to rain and Dimitri stayed in Aleko's house until the rain stopped. When he went outside half an hour later, he was astonished to find the little black lamb was almost white. Its wool, which had been dyed black, had been washed clean by the rain! Vocabulary Prize a.珍贵的,宝贵的 Valuable; Precious ;Cherishable ;Dear Mary has got a prize lamb. The cat is prize to the old lady. valued宝贵的 worthwhile值得的 worthy 配得上的 Tie v.拴,系 Tie sth to I tied the dog to the tree. 与„„有联系 he is tired to his family. n.领带，关系（强调血缘关系） theft n.偷盗行为，偷盗案 he reports the theft to the police. Accuse sb of doing sth Accuse 比charge 语义弱，accuse 强调“严厉的指责”，charge 强调“控告” Deny v.否认 Deny doing sth He denied stealing the lamb. He denied the truth. Deny sb nothing 百依百顺 He denies his wife nothing. Deny oneself 克制自己 On some occasions we must deny ourselves. Ashamed a.感到羞耻的，惭愧 be ashamed of对。。。感到羞耻 He is ashamed of being a dustman. Shameful a.可耻的 The theft is shameful. Shameless 无耻的 The thief is a shameless person. Apologize v.道歉 Apologize to sb( for sth) n.apology dye v.染 dye the cloth black. Notes on the text 1 in the tiny village of ...在一个名叫。。。的小山村 in the big city of Beijing in the beautiful city of Paris 2 possession所有物 What I possess is valuable. = My possession are valuable. belonging(s)随身携带物 3 keep keep后的复合宾语（宾语补足语）可以是形容词，介词，和分词。 She kept it tied to a tree in a field during the day and went to fetch it every evening. 和过去分词搭配做宾补，过去分词和宾语在逻辑上是动宾关系 如果宾补和宾语是主谓关系，那么要用现在分词 I kept the boy standing outside. 4 It is obvious that ... 5 set out to do sth. 6 prove是系动词 He knew it would not prove difficult in such a small village. 7 tell sb about sth = report sth. to sb. 8 or .../ or else... He can't be ill or he couldn't have come. Your room is so dirty, clear it promptly, or else ... 9 It is true that ... It is true that the work is hard, but we will finish it ahead. 10 Ashamed of having acted so rashly, Dimitri apologized to Aleko for having accused him. 现在分词结构（形容词结构）作状语，在这里相当于原因状语，放在主句前后均可 Angry at everybody here, he left suddenly. Anxious for a quick decision, he called his friends. Nervous, the man opened the letter. Special difficulties 1 keep的复合结构 2 had better do sth. had better not do sth. Lesson 17 The longest suspension Text Verrazano, an Italian about whom little is known, sailed into New York Harbour in 152 4 and named it Angouleme. He described it as 'a very agreeable situation located withi n two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river.' Though Verrazano is by n o means considered to be a great explorer, his name will probably remain immortal, fo r on November 21st, 1964, the longest suspension bridge in the world was named afte r him. The Verrazano Bridge, which was designed by Othmar Ammann, joins Brooklyn to Stat en Island. It has a span of 4,260 feet. The bridge is so long that the shape of the ear th had to be taken into account by its designer. Two great towers support four huge c ables. The towers are built on immense underwater platforms make of steel and concre te. The platforms extend to a depth of over 100 feet under the sea. These alone took sixteen months to build. Above the surface of the water, the towers rise to a height of nearly 700 feet. They support the cables from which the bridge has been suspended. Each of the four cables contains 26,108 lengths of wire. It has been estimated that if t he bridge were packed with cars, it would still only be carrying a third of its total capa city. However, size and strength are not the only important things about this bridge. D espite its immensity, it is both simple and elegant, fulfilling its designer's dream to cre ate 'an enormous object drawn as faintly as possible'. Vocabulary Suspension n.悬，吊 Suspension bridge Suspend vt.悬挂； The light is suspended from the ceiling. the train was suspended because of the heavy rain. Suspense n.担心，挂念，悬念 The wonderful film give me a deep impression because of its suspense. He didn’t tell us the truth and kept me in suspense all day. Suspenders n. 吊袜带 Suspended推迟的，延期的 Agreeable a.宜人的 Today is agreeable. Agreeable situation His house is in the agreeable situation. Situation n.地点，地方=location Situate =locate Be situated =be located Beijing is located in the north of china. Is located to Japan is located to the east of china. Estimate Underestimate Overestimate Don't underestimate nor overestimate. At a rough estimate ,the car is worth 500thousand RMB. Estimation n.判断 In my estimation 在我看来 Capacity n.承受量, 做某事的能力 Are you clear about the capacity of the cinema? Have a capacity for doing something Have a capacity to do Ability Have ability to do sth拥有做某事的能力而且完全做到了 We have ability to finish the work in two days. Capability内在的潜能 Have capability of doing/to do Every child has capability of learning a foreign language well . Faculty 侧重于主观的能力 the faculty of singing Competence 胜任工作的能力、资格 I have competence for the job. Elegant a.优雅的，还表示人的举止很得体、大方 The suspension bridge is elegant. The lady is elegant. Graceful 强调一个人的体型 Delicate a.精致的 Notes on the text Verrazano, an Italian about whom little is known, sailed into New York Harbour in 152 4 and named it Angouleme. sailed into ...---句子的主干 about whom --- Italian He described it as 'a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the mids t of which flowed a great river.' describe sth. as ... 同类的动词还有see, view, look upon, recognize, regard, treat, accept. I should describe the attempt as a failure. His mother regards him as a genius. I accept his words as true. located过去分词做定语修饰限制 situation I like the village located within two small hills. in the midst of which---which指代two small hills in the midst of / in the middle of The car is going in the middle of the street. in the middle of night though , although, even though 用了though, although不能用but 强调转折关系可以用yet by no means: not by any means, not at all It is by no means pleasant to take a crowded bus. He isn't satisfied with a job by any means. He isn't satisfied with a job at all. 表达一点也不的还有 in no way in no case in no sense in no circumstances under no circumstances at no ti me on no account be named after sb. = be named for sb. = take one's name from a span of 跨度，桥长 take into account = take into consideration = take account of We have to take the date into account when we have the meeting. support: hold up extend: reach, stretch, continue a railway extend to the next city rise to ( the hight of ...)上升到 They support the cables from which the bridge has been suspended. which指代the cables 本课重点 It has been estimated that ... It is said ... It is reported ... It has been expected ... if the bridge were packed with cars, it would still only be carrying a third of its total c apacity. packed with ...: filled with ... Despite its immensity, it is both simple and elegant, fulfilling its designer's dream to cr eate 'an enormous object drawn as faintly as possible'. immensity --- size fulfilling分词做状语表示结果 The bus was held up by the snow storm, causing the delay. Her husband died in 1970, leaving her and her two children. At last, he passed his examination, fulfilling his dream to go aboard. Special Difficulties He is by no means considered to be a great explorer. Instead of saying: I find that he is quite unsuitable for the job. We can say: I find him to be quite unsuitable for the job. 同类的动词有believe, consider, find, declare, feel, know, suppose, think, presume, estimate, understand. I consider that he is the best candidate. ---> I consider him to be the best candidate. Exercise 1 Verrazano is an Italian.We know little about him. 2 They don't consider that Varrazano is a great explore. 3 They take his name from the greatest bridge in the world. 4 He had to take the shape of the earth into consideration. 5 They have estimated the bridge to be packed with cars ... 1 I believed him to own property abroad. 2 The Minister declared the treaty to be invalid. 3 I know him to be a person of high intefrity. 4 I guess him to be about twenty-seven years old. 5 We estimated this picture to be worth at least 500 pounds. link with把。。。与。。。连起来 = join into attach to把。。。牢牢系上 relate to (with)在。。。之间建立联系 take 承纳，装载 sustain支撑，承受 endure经受，承受痛苦 receive收到 Lesson 18 Electric Currents in modern art Text Modern sculpture rarely surprises us any more. The idea that modern art can only be s een in museums is mistaken. Even people who take no interest in art cannot have faile d to notice examples of modern sculpture on display in public places. Strange forms st and in gardens, and outside buildings and shops. We have got quite used to them. So me so-called 'modern' pieces have been on display for nearly eighty years. In spite of this, some people -- including myself -- were surprise by a recent exhibition of modern sculpture. The first thing I saw when I entered the art gallery was a notice which said: 'Do not touch the exhibits. Some of them are dangerous!' The objects on display were pieces of moving sculpture. Oddly shaped forms that are suspended form the ceiling and move in response to a gust of wind are quite familiar to everybody. Th ese objects, however, were different. Lined up against the wall, there were long thin w ires attached to metal spheres. The spheres had been magnetized and attracted or rep elled each other all the time. In the centre of the hall, there were a number of tall str uctures which contained coloured lights. These lights flickered continuously like traffic li ghts which have gone mad. Sparks were emitted from small black boxes and red lamp s flashed on and off angrily. It was rather like an exhibition of prehistoric electronic eq uipment. These peculiar forms not only seemed designed to shock people emotionally, but to give them electric shocks as well! Vocabulary Current n.the flow of electricity 电流continuous movement of water 水流 a. 目前的，现在的 current affairs时事 currency n.流通（货币） currently adv.普遍地，通常地，现在，当前 sculptural a.雕刻的，雕刻般的 sculptor n.雕塑家 mistaken a.incorrect ,wrong,misunderstood The teacher has mistaken opinion of his pupil.He doesn’t use simple plain language and hs is often mistaken. Make a mistake /by mistake 弄错了 He took my umbrella by mistake. And no mistake 确实如此、 He is honest and no mistake. Vt.mistake sb for 把某人误认为 Yesterday, I mistook him for my classmate. Exhibit n.展品，陈列品show in public Exhibition 展览会 We went to an exhibition to visit exhibit. Oddly a.古怪地 Odd a.古怪的,引少见而感到奇怪 Strange 因陌生而奇怪 Queer a.奇特的（因不同而奇怪） Look, he is wearing a queer hat. Fantastic a.奇妙的 Eccentric 怪癖的 He is an eccentric person. Attach v.系，拴，粘上，贴上 He attach the lamb to a tree. Attach to sb for sth 因为某事而把„„加在某人身上 We didn’t attach blame to him for his failure. Attach importance to sth 对某事非常重视 We attach importance to education. Be attached to sth 喜欢，喜爱 I am very attached to her . Attachment n. 固定，爱慕，友情，附着 Magnetize vt. 使有磁性，吸引 The iron was magnetized . His speech magnetized the listeners. Repel vt.to drive back 排斥 Cause feelings of dislike使反感，厌恶 The different sexes attract each other and the same sexes repel on the contrary. Let me go at once ,you repel me.你让我恶心 Emit v.give off 放射 Emit sound/emit smell/emit light Flicker v.闪烁 Flash v.闪光shine for a moment 只闪一次 Peculiar a.奇异的strange and unusual The food has peculiar taste. I am feeling rather peculiar. Shock v.令人震惊，刺激人 Get shocked 受震动 At the news ,he got shocked n.震惊 get a big shock emotionally adv.感情上 emotional a.易激动的，情绪的，感情脆弱的 I think you agree with me, women are often said to be more emotional than men. 反义词：unemotional emotion n.感情，如love,hatred,and grief are emotions. Feeling n.某时的内心感受 I cant describe my feeling now. Emotive a.引起情绪反应的 The word home is more emotive than house. Notes on the text Modern sculpture rarely surprises us any more. rarely: seldom, scarcely We are not surprised at modern sculpture .... The idea that modern art can only be seen in museums is mistaken. that引导同位语从句，修饰限定the idea 的内容 The idea that one can only learn English well in English-speaking countries is mistaken. Even people who take no interest in art cannot have failed to notice examples of mode rn sculpture on display in public places. who take no interest in art 修饰说明people take interest in take delight in take pride in show interest in cannot ; failed to 双重否定意味着肯定，加强语气 He must have passed his examination last week. -->He cannot have failed to pass his examination last week. You must keep your promise. ---> You cannot fail to keep your promise. on display / on show Even people who take no interest in art cannot have failed to notice examples of mode rn sculpture on display in public places.... ---> We can see sculptures everywhere. Some so-called 'modern' pieces have been on display for nearly eighty years. 夸张的手法 in spite of this 尽管如此 some people --- including myself ---作者表明了自己的观点 The first thing...was a notice which said ... 定语从句省略that Oddly shaped forms that are suspended form the ceiling and move in response to a gu st of wind are quite familiar to everybody. that 引导的定语从句用来限定shaped forms are familiar to...做谓语 主句是Oddly shaped forms are familiar to everybody. that 引导的定语从句中in response to = in reaction to be familiar to sb. 对某人来讲很熟悉 The house is familiar to him. I don't really remember where I have seen him before, but he looks very familiar to m e. familiar with熟知 + sth. Are you familiar with the play of Shakespeare? I am familiar with that book too. Lined up against the wall, there were long thin wires attached to metal spheres. lined up 过去分词做状语,与 long thin wires为被动关系 定语从句there were long thin wires that were attached to metal spheres coloured lights彩灯 continuously不停止地 The light flickered continuously. on and off 不停地 It has been raining on and off since noon. go mad / run mad He must have gone mad to do such a thing. It was rather like ... = It was more like ... not only ... but. ... as well. seem是系动词 + 名词 / 形容词/ 分词 Lesson19 A very dear cat Text Kidnappers are rarely interested in animals, but they recently took considerable interest in Mrs. Eleanor Ramsay's cat. Mrs. Eleanor Ramsay, a very wealthy old lady, has shar ed a flat with her cat, Rastus, for a great many years. Rastus leads an orderly life. He usually takes a short walk in the evenings and is always home by seven o'clock. One evening, however, he failed to arrive. Mrs. Ramsay got very worried. She looked every where for him but could not find him. Three days after Rastus' disappearance, Mrs. Ramsay received an anonymous letter. Th e writer stated that Rastus was in safe hands and would be returned immediately if Mr s. Ramsay paid a ransom of $1,000. Mrs. Ramsay was instructed to place the money i n a cardboard box and to leave it outside her door. At first she decided to go to the p olice, but fearing that she would never see Rastus again -- the letter had made that q uite clear -- she changed her mind. She withdrew $1000 from her bank and followed t he kidnapper's instructions. The next morning, the box had disappeared but Mrs. Rams ay was sure that the kidnapper would keep his word. Sure enough, Rastus arrived pun ctually at seven o'clock that evening. He looked very well though he was rather thirsty, for he drank half a bottle of milk. The police were astounded when Mrs. Ramsay told them what she had done. She explained that Rastus was very dear to her. Considering the amount she paid, he was dear in more ways than one! Vocabulary dear adj. I can't afford the car because it's too dear. The cat is too dear to me. The lamb is dear to Mary. cost somebody dear花了某人很多钱 kidnapper kidnap They kidnapped 4 hostages. Considerable a.相当大的 He has got a considerable success. considerably: much,great, a great deal considerate体贴的 Are you considerate to your wife? considered考虑到的 all things considered就各方面而言 Considering考虑到... prep. Considering his age ,the little boy reads very well. Considering (that ) 也可作副词 He studies English well,considering(all things is considered).就各方面而言，他英语学得相当 好。 Ransom n.赎金 Pay ransom to somebody The old lady paid a ransom of one thousand pounds to the kidnapper. Hold sb to ransom They kidnapped the boy and held him to ransom. Punctually adv.准时地(不早也不晚) Punctual a. Punctuality n. Astound v.使吃惊，语意程度比surpise要强得多 Astonish 强于surprise Amaze astound he was astounded to hear of her death. They were amazed to find the lazy girl came very early. Surprising surprised Notes on the text take interest in take great interest in share sth. with sb. I share the room with my friends. ordinary life: discipline life有规律的生活 区别于regular有规则的 after和名词搭配 three days after ~ arrived state: say formally in safe hands instruct: order ; tell formally be instruct to do sth. make it clear to sb. that The teacher has made it clear to us that we must read English aloud every day. keep his word: keep his promise word表示诺言，用单数 keep his word break his word give sb. one's word as good as one's word go back on one's word sure enough果然，侧重强调确实如此 I said it would happen, and sure enough it did happen. in more ways than one在许多方面来讲 dear双重意义：心疼；昂贵 Lesson 20 Pioneer pilots Text In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of $1,000 to the first man who would fly acros s the English Channel. Over a year passed before the first attempt was made. On July 19th, 1909, in the early morning, Hubert Latham took off from the French coast in his plane the 'Antoinette IV.' He had travelled only seven miles across the Channel when his engine failed and he was forced to land on sea. The 'Antoinette' floated on the wat er until Latham was picked up by a ship. Two days alter, Louis Bleriot arrived near Calais with a plane called 'No. XI'. Bleriot ha d been making planes since 1905 and this was his latest model. A week before, he ha d completed a successful overland flight during which he covered twenty-six miles. Lat ham, however, did not give up easily. He, too, arrived near Calais on the same day wi th a new 'Antoinette'. It looked as if there would be an exciting race across the Chann el. Both planes were going to take off on July 25th, but Latham failed to get up early enough, After making a short test flight at 4,15 a.m., Bleriot set off half an hour later. His great flight lasted thirty-seven minutes. When he landed near Dover, the first pers on to greet him was a local policeman. Latham made another attempt a week later an d got within half a mile of Dover, but he was unlucky again. His engine failed and he l anded on the sea for the second time. Vocabulary pioneer n.先驱 young pioneer 同义词：advocate vt.开创，倡导 pioneer adult education lord n.对（英国贵族）的尊称，勋爵 lordless 无君主的 lordship 君权 lordly 傲慢地 duke 公爵 marquis 侯爵 earl 伯爵 viscount 子爵 baron 男爵 overland a.陆上的＝by land overnight 一夜之间的 overpopulated 人口众多的 overseas海外的 over+动词,表示超过 overeat oversleep overwork工作过量 overcharge索要价钱过高 overestimate Notes on the text In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of $1,000 to the first man who would fly acros s the English Channel. who引导定语从句修饰the first man 还可以说the first man to fly across the English Channel. 序数词和动词不定式搭配连用，可以代替其后的定语从句 She was he only one to survive in the plane crash. Over a year passed before the first attempt was made. before引导的时间状语从句前没有出现段时间，则最佳译法为：才...... attempt 尝试 in one's attempt She failed in her attempt to swim the Channel. make an attempt on He made an attempt on the mountain. make attempt to do He made attempt to run away. make no attempt to do fail原意为“失败，忽视” She failed to win the prize. When I saw him, my words failed me.当我见到他时，说不出来话了。 be forced to do pick up with a plane 驾驶着一架飞机 with 具有，带有 had been making planes A week before, he had completed a successful overland flight during which he covered twenty-six miles. during which---during flight It looked as if : It seemed that似乎，看起来 make a short test flight make another attempt 介词和关系代词连用 当定语从句的关系代词是介词的宾语时，能把可移位的介词提前放在关系代词的前面——正式 在非正式问题和口语当中，介词一般要放在从句的末尾。 This is the person about whom I was telling you. Is this the book for which you asked me? 决定介词位置的4个因素 1 如果是口语，介词位于句尾，同时关系代词可以省略 2 非正式问题，介词位于从句句尾 3 有些动词加介词构成介词词组，被看作是不可分隔的语言单位，这时介词必须紧跟动词不可移位，如：t ake after account for hold on 4 在很多情况下，介词和关系代词构成独立的介词短语，在句中起状语的作用，与从句的谓语动词毫无关 系，而不是谓语动词的一部分，这时介词始终位于谓语动词之前 He described it as a very agreeable situation located within two small hills. In the midst of two small hills, flowed a great river. --->He described it as a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the midist of which flowed a great river. 1908年，诺斯克利夫勋爵拿出1,000英镑，作为对第一个飞越英吉利海峡的人的奖励。然而一年多过去 了才有人出来尝试。1909年7月19日凌晨，休伯特.莱瑟姆驾驶“安特瓦特4号”飞机从法国海岸起飞， 但他只在海峡上空飞行7英里，引擎就发生了故障，他只好降落在海面上。“安特瓦特”号飞机在海上漂浮，后来有船经过，莱瑟姆方才获救。 两天之后，路易斯.布莱里奥驾驶一名为“11号”的飞机来到加来附近。布莱里奥从1905年起便开始研 制飞机，“11号”飞机是他制作的最新型号。一周以前，他曾成功地进行了一次26英里的陆上飞行。但 是莱瑟姆不肯轻易罢休。同一天，他驾驶一架新的“安特瓦特”号飞机来到了加来附近。看来会有一场激 烈的飞越英吉利海峡的竞争。两天飞机都打算在7月25日起飞，但莱瑟姆那天起床晚了。布莱里奥凌晨 4点15分作了一次短距离试飞，半小时后便正式出发了。他这次伟大的飞行持续37分钟。当他在多佛着 陆后，第一个迎接他的是当地一名警察。莱瑟姆一周以后也作了一次尝试，飞到离多佛不到半英里的地方。 这次他又遭厄运，因引擎故障第二次降落在海面上。 lesson 21 Danniel Mendoza Text Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago. In those days, b oxers fought with bare fists for prize money. Because of this, they were known as 'priz efighters'. However, boxing was very crude, for these were no rules and a prizefighter could be seriously injured or even killed during a match. One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza, who was born in 1764. The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860, when the Marquis of Queen sberry drew up the first set of rules. Though he was technically a prizefighter, Mendoza did much to change crude prizefighting into a sport, for he brought science to the ga me. In this day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. He was adored by rich and p oor alike. Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years ol d. This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent b oxer in England. He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn. I n fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him. The tw o men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled by a fight. A match was held at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour. The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated. Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time. It was not until his third m atch in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England. Meanw hile, he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his pupils. He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as $100 for a singl e appear one of his pupils. He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as muc h as $100 for a single appearance. Despite this, he was so extravagant that he was al ways in debt. After he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quic kly forgotten. He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in 1836. Vocabulary bare a.赤裸的=uncovered bare fist;bare foot; bare handed; bare legged naked 全裸 he’s walking in bare feet . he is naked . nude : a.表示光秃秃的; n.裸体 crude a.粗野的 be crude to sb he is crude to the girl. Rude :语气弱于crude Popularity n.名望(受人欢迎的状态) Instant foods are getting in popularity. Popular songs are in popularity. Popular = in popularity Popular with Fame Reputation ---荣誉 The actor rose to fame very quickly. If the secret was reviewed ,the man’s reputation will be destroyed. Adore v.worship,love deeply崇拜,爱戴 More and more people adore the famous actress. Alike adv .一样地=as well,equally He was adored by rich ,and poor alike. Eminent a.著名的,杰出的=distinguished Eminent scientist Bitterly a.厉害的 It is blowing bitterly. Bitter a.苦的,辛酸的,刺骨的 Bitter pills may have some holder effects. Bet v.打赌 Bet on sth The public bet on sb. Bet sb that 和某人打赌 Bet one’s bottom dollar on sb 对某人孤注一掷 Bet on the wrong horse 对未来作出错误估计 I bet. You bet. Extravagant a.浪费的,奢侈的 Extravagant habit Thrifty frugal economical a.节俭的 Poverty n.the state of being very poor In poverty Indulgence n.贫困(正式) Destitution n.赤贫 Penury n.拮据 Notes on the text in those days当时 they were known as 'prizefighter' be known as 被称作...... in popularity fought with bare fists赤手空拳地打斗 one of the most colourful figures = one of the most famous people introduce: bring in drew up 起草 drew up a plan drew up the first set of rules in his day = in his full time = in his good day 在他的全盛时期 rise to fame = become famous attract somebody's attention = attract the attention of somebody 吸引某人的注意力 be quick to learn一学就会 In fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him. turn against反目成仇，成为死对头 The two men quarrelled bitterly. bitterly: severely A match was held at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour. 以where引导的从句作Sitilton的定语，非限制性定语从句 It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Ch ampion of England. 强调句 It is / was (not) until ..that ....被强调部分 not until his third match in 1790放在It was 后，句子的其他部分放在引导词that后 be in debt欠债 be sent to prison被送进监狱 in poverty Difficulties in exercise exceptionally -->unusually不同寻常的 marvellously = wonderfully奇妙的 singly单独的 unequally独一无二的 an exceptionally beautiful girl beat = defeat打败，击败 conquer征服 gain赢得，获得 win赢得（比赛） Lesson 22 By heart Text Some plays are so successful that they run for years on end, In many ways, this is un fortunate for the poor actors who are required to go on repeating the same lines night after night. One would expect them to know their parts by heart and never have caus e to falter. Yet this is not always the case. A famous actor in a highly successful play was once cast in the role of an aristocrat w ho had been imprisoned in the Bastille for twenty years. In the last act, a gaoler woul d always come on to the stage with a letter which he would hand to the prisoner. Eve n though the noble was expected to read the letter at each performance, he always in sisted that it should be written out in full. One night, the gaoler decided to play a joke on his colleague to find out if, after so m any performances, he had managed to learn the contents of the letter by heart. The c urtain went up on the final act of the play and revealed the aristocrat sitting alone beh ind bars in his dark cell. Just then, the gaoler appeared with the precious letter in his bands. He entered the cell and presented the letter to the aristocrat. But the copy he gave him had not been written out in full as usual. It was simply a blank sheet of pap er. The gaoler looked on eagerly, anxious to see if his fellow actor had at last learnt hi s lines. The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds. Then, squintin g his eyes, he said: 'The light is dim. Read the letter to me'. And he promptly handed the sheet of paper to the gaoler. Finding that he could not remember a word of the l etter either, the gaoler replied: 'The light is indeed dim, sire, I must get my glasses.' With this, he hurried off the stage. Much to the aristocrat's amusement, the gaoler ret urned a few moments later with a pair of glasses and the usual copy of the letter with he proceeded to read to the prisoner. Vocabulary Run v.(戏剧,电影等)连演,连映 The film is so successful that it runs for several weeks. Falter vi 支吾,结巴说=stammer;蹒跚而行=stagger He has practiced the poem several times ,so he has no cause to falter. Cast v.选派„„扮演角色 The actor was cast in the role of hero. Imprison v.关押 Put sb imprison He was imprisoned for 10years. Imprisonment n. Sentence sb to life imprisonment. Jail/gaol 监狱 Sent sb to prison Put sb in prison Throw sb into prison In prison 坐牢 The prison 监狱 He is in prison/jail.=he is behind bars. Reveal v.使显露,揭露，揭穿 The secret hasn’t been revealed. A curtain was up and revealed the beautiful scenery. Disclose 揭发 Disclose the truth Discover 发现 Uncover 揭开具体的盖子 A very tight dress reveals the beautiful figure. Revealable a可展现的 Revealer 探测器 Squint v.眯着（眼）看，瞄 Squint one’s eyes and looked at the letter. Pear at 眯着眼睛看 Dim a昏暗的 The room is too dim so I can’t read the letter. Gloomy （天气，心情）阴郁的 He is in gloomy mood. Dusky a.（天色）昏暗的 Towards evening is getting dusky . Murky (天色)漆黑的，黑暗的 I can’t go out at murky night. Misty a.多雾的，迷蒙的 The building is out of sight on such a misty day. Proceed v.继续进行 Particular after stopping Proceed to/with 进行继续某事 Let’s proceed to business. You must proceed with your work. Proceed from 从什么着手开始继续 They proceed form lesson 1. Proceed against 起诉某人 He decided to proceed against his neighbour. Notes on the text by heart熟记台词 on end: (1) continuously 连续的，位于具体的时间名词后 He sat there for hours on end. (2) upright竖着 The cat's fur stood on end. I got a big shock so my heart stood on end. learn by heart / know by heart The sentence is so important that you must learn it by heart. heart and soul We serve the students heart and soul. take heart lose heart lose heart to sb. = give heart to sb. The boy lose his heart to the girl. put one's heart into sth. Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. have one's heart in one's boots He had his heart in his boots when he went out alone at night. A famous actor in a highly successful play was once cast in the role of an aristocrat who had been imprisoned in the Bastille for twenty years. = A famous actor is in a highly successful play. The actor was once cast in the role of an aristocrat. The aristocrat had been imprisoned in the Bastile for twenty years. insist, suggest, order, demand, require等表示建议，命令的词和that引导的宾语从句搭配，必须 出现should + 动词原形 的虚拟，should可以省略 in full: fully, compeletly. play a joke on sb./ play a cheek on sb. behind bars Just then, the gaoler appeared with the precious letter in his bands. with the precious letter in his hands是独立主格结构 （Lesson6） present sth to = hand to = pass to hurry off with this He laughs best who laughs last. Lesson23 One man's meat is another man's poison Text People become quite illogical when they try to decide what can be eaten and what cannot be eaten. If you lived in the Mediterranean, for instance, you would consider octopus a great delicacy. You would not be able to understand why some people find it repulsive. On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat -- the normally accepted practice in many northern countries. The sad truth is that most of us have been brought up to eat certain foods and we stick to them all our lives. No creature has received more praise and abuse than the common garden snail. Cooke d in wine, snails are a great luxury in various parts of the world. There are countless people who, ever since their early years, have learned to associate snails with food. M y friend, Robert, lives in a country where snails are despised. As his flat is in a large t own, he has no garden of his own. For years he has been asking me to collect snails f rom my garden and take them to him. The idea never appealed to me very much, but one day, after heavy shower, I happened to be walking in my garden when I noticed a huge number of snails taking a stroll on some of my prize plants. Acting on a sudde n impulse, I collected several dozen, put them in a paper bag, and took them to Rober t. Robert was delighted to see me and equally pleased with my little gift. I left the bag in the hall and Robert and I went into the living room where we talked for a couple o f hours. I had forgotten all about the snails when Robert suddenly said that I must sta y to dinner. Snails would, of course, be the main dish. I did not fancy the idea and I r eluctantly followed Robert out of the room. To our dismay, we saw that there were sn ails everywhere: they had escaped from the paper bag and had taken complete posses sion of the hall! I have never been able to look at a snail since then. Vocabulary Poison n/vt 毒药 He was poisoned by pesticide. Give poison to sb/give poison to sth使某人或某物中毒 Hate each other like poison 彼此互相恨透了 Name one’s poison Name your poison ,please. What’s your poison. Delicacy n.美味，佳肴 He considered chicken to be a great delicacy . Delicate a.美味的，可口的，清淡的 Delicious a.味道美的 Repulsive a.令人反感的，令人生厌的 = disgusting The dish is repulsive. Fry v.be cooked in hot oil. Fried egg 煎鸡蛋；fried bread 油炸面包 Fring pan 煎锅 Fry up 加热 Fry up the food ,please.请把食物加热 Fry in one’s own fat 自作自受 Have other fish to fry 另有要事 Hello ,lucy ,let’s go have dinner. That’s good idea,but I have other fish to fry ,thank you very much. Fat n.（动物、植物）油 Put on fat 发胖，长胖 Fat a.胖的（不礼貌）常用Large ,heavy ,overweight替代 Abuse n.辱骂，责骂 Don’t abuse your authority. He greeted his wife with a stream of abuse. Luxury n.奢侈品，珍品 The diamond ring is a luxury to me. Luxurious a.奢侈品，奢华的 Associate v. connect in one’s mind Associate A with B I can’s associate you with your wife. Can you associate snails with delicious food? Connect with;link with ; be bound up with Despise vt regard as worthless We despise him for a coward. Look down upon Don’t look down upon anyone. Appeal v.引起兴趣 Eating snails never appeals to me. Appeal 上诉，呼吁 Appeal for sth 为某事而上诉 Stroll n.溜达，散步slow walking for pleasure in street or in garden Go for a stroll,take a stroll = go for a walk ;take a walk Stroller 散步的人 Stroll vi He is strolling along the road. Ramble 海岸，林中的漫步 A couple are rambing on the beach. Roam 不安定的漂泊，徘徊 The tremps are roaming every dau. Wander 流浪，徘徊 He has nothing to do, so he is wandering along the street. Impulse n.冲动 On impulse He rushed out to catch up (with) the lady on impulse. Be driven by impulse to do sth 情不自禁地做某事 I was driven by impulse to do it like this. Impulsive a.冲动的 Impulsively adv冲动地 Dozen: a group of twelve By the dozen 成打的 Dozens of 许多的 Two dozen eggs A dozen roses一打玫瑰 A dozen of the(these ) roses这些玫瑰中的一打 Speak nineteen to the dozen 说个不停 Fancy v.喜爱，喜欢 I don’t fancy living in the cold room . 想象，设想=imagine Fancy meeting you here. Fancy oneself 自以为是，自命不凡 Notes on the text 当涉及到或谈及到叙述客观事实的时候 it comes to sth ………… it comes to doing sth „„ 用于when 引导的时间状语从句 He never complains when it comes to helping his wife with the housework. on the other hand表示转折，“而另一方面” at the idea of at与介词短语搭配做状语“当......就......”“一......就......” at the sight of at the touch of at the sound of at the thought of at the mention of at t he news of I was glad at the thought of getting someting to eat. practice表示习俗，做法（一般指团体组织，有时也用于个人） habit个人习惯 custom社会的风俗习惯，不用于个人 Early to bed and early to rest is a good habit. It is now quite a common practice for married women not to take their husbands' seco nd name. the prctice to closing shops on Sundays My practice to study English is to read everyday. the custom of giving present at Chrismas the sad truth is that... that 引导表语从句，并说明truth的内容 bring up Joe is born in England, but brought up in France. She was brought up to believe that money is the most geat important thing in life. I have been brought up to eat fish, just because my mother is fond of that. He gave much attention to bring up his children. stick to + 名词 = keep to; not give up We decided to stick to our previous plan. stick on doing sth. persist in doing sth. on a sudden impulse 一时的，冲动的 to our dismay 使我们感到惊愕的是 countless: 无数的，数不尽的 (=numerous) numerable: (=able to be counted)可数的，能够数出来的 numerical: 数字的，数量的，使用数字的（多用作前置形容词） 23no garden of his own没有他自己的花园 the idea never appealed me very much = the idea never interested me very much happen to do I happened to be out when he called. happen / chance It happened that I was out when he called. It chanced that I was out when he called. when表示“正在这个时候，突然”。通常与过去进行时、过去完成时连用。只能用在句中。 We were about to start when it rained. ...equally... = not only ... , but also ... be delighted to do sth. = be pleased with sth. I didn't fancy the idea ... = I didn't like the idea ... Before we came back, all the snails had already escaped from the paper bag ... = Before we came back, we saw the snails had escaped from the paper bag ... take possession of 占据，占有 The soldiers took possession of enemies' fort. The terrorists took possession of the embassy. siken = feel sick 但后者更常用 be sick ---be表示一种状态，不能用来表示突然产生。。。感觉 Lesson 24 A skeleton in the cupboard Text We often read in novels how a seemingly respectable person or family has some terribl e secret which has been concealed from strangers for years. The English language poss esses a vivid saying to describe this sort of situation. The terrible secret is called 'a sk eleton in the cupboard'. At some dramatic moment in the story, the terrible secret bec omes known and a reputation is ruined. The reader's hair stands on end when he read s in the final pages of the novel that the heroine a dear old lady who had always been so kind to everybody, had, in her youth, poisoned every one of her five husbands. It is all very well for such things to occur in fiction. To varying degrees, we all have s ecrets which we do not want even our closest friends to learn, but few of us have skel etons in the cupboard. The only person I know who has a skeleton in the cupboard is George Carlton, and he is very pound of the fact. George studied medicine in his youth. Instead of becoming a doctor, however, he became a successful writer of detective st ories. I once spend an uncomfortable weekend which I shall never forget at his house. George showed me to the guestroom which, he said, was rarely used. He told me to unpack my things and then come down to dinner. After I had stacked my shirts and u nderclothes in two empty drawers, I decided to hang one of the tow suits I had broug ht with me in the cupboard. I opened the cupboard door and then stood in front of tw o suits I had brought with me in the cupboard. I opened the cupboard door and then stood in front of it suits I had brought with me in the cupboard. I opened the cupboar d door and then stood in front of it petrified. A skeleton was dangling before my eyes. The sudden movement of the door made it sway slightly and it gave me the impressi on that it was about to leap out at me. Dropping my suit, I dashed downstairs to tell George. This was worse than "a terrible secret'; this was a read skeleton! But George was unsympathetic. 'Oh, that,' he said with a smile as if he were talking about an old friend. 'That's Sebastian. You forget that I was a medical student once upon a time.' Vocabulary Skeleton n.骷髅 A skeleton in the cupboard= A skeleton in the closet=a family skeleton家丑 Skeleton key 万能钥匙 Walking skeleton骨瘦如柴的人 Reduced to a skeleton 瘦的皮包骨 Respectable a.体面的,雅观的=decent,graceful,deserving,respect He is the most respectable man,他是最可敬的人 Respectful a.充满敬意的,尊敬人的 Respective a.各自的 Conceal v.隐藏,隐瞒,=hide但比hide 更正式,更强烈 Conceal sth from sb Hide hid hidden Vivid a.栩栩如生的;鲜艳的,活泼的 Vivid blue 鲜蓝色 More vivid, the most vivid Dramatic a.令人激动的,比exciting 更强烈 The dramatic thing is still in my mind. Fiction n.小说(集合名词)不可数 Novel 某一部具体的小说 Varying a.不同的(强调变化中的),=various 不同种类的 Different 侧重强调与。。。不一样 Stack v.强调把„„叠起来 Underclothes: underclothing, underwear内衣 Petrify v.使惊呆=shock,dumbfound At the news ,I was petrified. Unsympathetic a.不表同情的 Sympathy n.同情，in sympathy=sympathetically a.同情 Notes on the text seemingly = from appearance a seemingly respectable person possess = have got, own The English language possesses a vivid saying to describe this sort of situation. 不定式to做定语修饰 a vivid saying ruin 泛指概念，表示毁坏的过程不是一下完成的 destroy: 把凭借某种外力来破坏和摧毁事物，完全摧毁 damage: 侧重强调把„弄坏，但是可以修复 one's hair stands on end :某人感到毛骨悚然的 make/set one's hair stand on end: 使某人感到毛骨悚然的 everyone 单独使用做句子的一个成分，every & one 要连用 而强调整体中的个体要分开用，如“她的5个丈夫”every one of her 5 husbands it is all very well but 不赞成不满意的反语，"好倒是好，但是„„" It is all very well for them to ask me to do it, but I am too busy. occur: 某个事件出乎意料的发生（正式） happen: 某个事件出乎意料发生 take place: 事件根据安排"举行" It occurs to everyone that ..不能用happen When did the wedding take place? to varying degrees在不同程度上 learn: 得知、了解某个事实，学习某种知识、技能 know 知道某个事实，具有某方面的知识、技能；认识，了解某个人（状态动词，不能用于进行时态） instead of + doing Instead of becoming a doctor, however, he became ... I once spend an uncomfortable weekend which I shall never forget at his house. which指代uncomfortable weekend come down to dinner下来吃饭 stay to dinner留下来吃饭 stood in front of sth. petrified: 站在„前，目瞪口呆 petrified: to fell extremely frightened, especially they are unable to move or speak We stood petrified as we felt the earthquake began. frightened在某个特定场合受到惊吓 I was frightened by a large dog. terrified惊吓的程度更加强烈，感到恐怖 I wa terrified when the tiger went after me. afraid (of )一种状态，永久性的恐惧 The girl is afraid of mouse. make a lasting impression on sb: 给某人以不可磨灭的印象 have a false impression of sb: 对某人有错误的看法 give sb impression that: 给某人印象 impress sb with sth 用„给某人留下印象 The sudden movement of the door made it sway slightly and it gave me the impressio n that it was about to leap out at me. that引导同位语从句，进一步说明impression的内涵 leap out at sb.跳出来扑向某人 drop 是我所发出的主动动作, 所以用 -ing Lesson25 The Cutty Sark Text One of the most famous sailing ships of the nineteenth century, the Cutty Sark, can sti ll be seen at Greenwich. She stands on dry land and is visited by thousands of people each year. She serves as an impressive reminder of the great ships of past. Before the y were replaced by steamships, sailing vessels like the Cutty Sark were used to carry t ea from China and wool from Australia. The Cutty Sark was one the fastest sailing ship s that has ever been built. The only other ship to match her was the Thermopylae. Bot h these ships set out from Shanghai on June 18th, 1872 on an exciting race to Englan d. This race, which went on for exactly four exactly four months, was the last of its ki nd. It marked the end of the great tradition of ships with sails and the beginning of a new era. The first of the two ships to reach Java after the race had begun was the Thermopylae, but on the Indian Ocean, the Cutty Sark took lead. It seemed certain that she would be the first ship home, but during the race she had a lot of bad luck. In August, she was struck by a very heavy storm during which her rudder was torn away. The Cutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became impossible to steer her. A temporary rudde r was made on board from spare planks and it was fitted with great difficulty. This gre atly reduced the speed of the ship, for there was a danger that if she traveled too qui ckly, this rudder would be torn away as well. Because of this, the Cutty Sark lost her l ead. After crossing the Equator, the captain called in at a port to have a new rudder fi tted, but by now the Thermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead. Though the new rudder was fitted at tremendous speed, it was impossible for the Cutty Sark to win. S he arrived in England a week after the Thermopylae. Even this was remarkable, consid ering that she had had so many delays. These is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily. Vocabulary Impressive a.给人深刻印象的 Impression n.印象 Make a lasting impression on sb 给某人以不可磨灭的印象 Have a false impression of sb 对某人有错误的看法 Give sb the impression that 给某人印象 Impress vt What impressed me most was your diamond ring. Impress sb with sth 用„„给某人留下深刻和印象 Vessel n.轮船，大木船,（正式）可代替ship ,boat ,用于文学体裁 Boat n.比ship 小，非正式场合可以换用 Ship n. Era n.时期，时代 The beginning of new era The end of old era Times :历史上的一个阶段“时代，时期” Roman times 罗马时代 Era :“纪元”，地球，人类社会历史上一个很长的时期，以特别事物或发展为标志 Age :特定的历史阶段（大写，须与其他词构成专有名词） Steer v.掌握方向,驾驶水陆交通工具，强调掌握方向，导航 He steered the boat suddenly.他突然改变了小船的方向。 Drive :开汽车、火车 Pilot :操纵轮船、飞机 Temporary a临时的，lasting for limited time Temporarily adv Temporainess n. =Transient a.短暂的，瞬间的（temporary 持续的时间更长） 反义词：permanent 永久性的 contemporary a.当代的 Notes on the text dry land陆地 serve as:(=act as ) 起„作用 marked the end of : 标志„的结束 ... impressive reminder of ...（留下）深刻的印象，（作为）......的回忆 stream ship蒸气船 sailing ship / sailing vessel 帆船 match = be equal to match in / for No clothes can match yor dress for beauty. take the lead: 处于领先地位== go into the lead lose the lead: 失去领先地位 in the lead: 处于领先地位（状态） take over the lead: 取得领先地位 It seems certain that ... 看来，...... 是肯定的了。 be struck by a very heavy storm严重地遭遇到了雨 / 雪 be caught in the rain/snow 遇到了雨／雪 torn away = destroyed, pull down fitted: equipped with great difficulty克服重重困难做某事 there was a danger that+同位语从句 „„会有危险 call in at: （船）停靠，（人）拜访 at tremendous speed tremendous: innormal, fantastic considering that考虑到„„„ 引导完整的语句 We should forgive him considering that he is ill badly. There is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race eas ily. There is no doubt that ...毫无疑问 ...... There is no doubt + that ... There is some doubt + wh- ... There is no doubt that he is guilty. There is some doubt whether he is guilty. 复习与过去事实相反的虚拟和与现在事实相反的虚拟 Difficulties in exercise set out :出发 set out on: 出发进行比赛 Eg: set out on the trip/journey/excursion depart for 去往某处 in respect of==with regard to 关于，至于 in view of 以„观点考虑到＝considering account 要与其他介词搭配使用。如account for Lesson 26 Wanted: a large biscuit tin Text No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want, for advertisin g exerts a subtle influence on us. In their efforts to persuade us to buy this or that pr oduct, advertisers have made a close study of human nature and have classified all ou r little weaknesses. Advertisers discovered years ago that all of us love to get something for nothing. An a dvertisement which begins with the magic word FREE can rarely go wrong. These days, advertisers not only offer free samples, but free cars, free houses, and free trips roun d the world as well. They devise hundreds of competitions which will enable us to win huge sums of money. Radio and television have made it possible for advertisers to cap ture the attention of millions of people in this way. During a radio programme, a company of biscuit manufacturers once asked listeners to bake biscuits and send them to their factory. They offered to pay $10 a pound for the biggest biscuit baked by a listener. The response to this competition was tremendous. Before long, biscuits of all shapes and sizes began arriving at the factory. One lady br ought in a biscuit on a wheelbarrow. It weighed nearly 500 pounds. A little later, a ma n came along with a biscuit which occupied the whole boot of his car. All the biscuits t hat were sent were carefully weighed. The largest was 713 pounds. It seemed certain t hat this would win the prize. But just before the competition closed, a lorry arrived at the factory with a truly colossal biscuit which weighed 2,400 pounds. It had been bake d by a college student who had used over 1,000 pounds of flour, 800 pounds of sugar, 200 pounds of fat, and 400 pounds of various other ingredients. It was so heavy that a crane had to be used to remove it from the lorry. The manufacturers had to pay m ore money than they had anticipated, or they bought the biscuit from the student for $24,000. Vocabulary influence v.影响，强调潜移默化的影响力 Literature and art have great influence on people's ideology. Don't be influenced by bad examples. Under the influence of 受„„影响 We are under the influence of advertisements. Have influence over sb 有左右某人的能力 A teacher has influence over his students. Exercise influence on sb's behalf 为某人而尽力 On sb's behave 为某人的利益 The boss exercises influence on his employee's behalf. Influence/affect: Influence :通过劝说，行为，榜样来改变一个人的行业或思想，是潜移默化的影响力 Affect :对„„产生不良影响 The bad examples will affect a lot number of students . Influential a.有影响力的 Pride v/n 骄傲 Pride onself on 为什么而感到骄傲=take pride in /be proud of Pride oneself on/upon He prided himself on his driving skill. In the pride of 处于最佳状态（顶峰） She is still young and in the pride of her beauty. Put one's pride in one's pocket.控制自尊心 Taste n.鉴赏力 She has excellent taste in dress.她在服装方面有极高的品味。 A taste of 尝一点，尝一口 Oh,let me have a taste of your coffee. In good taste 文雅，得体 The beautiful girl is in good taste. In bad taste庸俗，不得体 Taste :有什么味道 The dish tasted of fish. To one’s taste 合某人的口味，称某人的心愿 He did what he wanted to do to his taste. There is accounting for tastes.人各有所好 He who has never tasted bitter knows not what is sweet.不知黄莲苦，怎知蜂蜜甜。 Testable a.可品尝的 Tasteless 没有味道的，无味的 Taste blindness 味盲 Taste maker 时尚的首创者 Exert v.施加 Exert sth on sb His wife exerted a lot of pressure on him to change his job. He likes to exert his authority on us. Exert oneself 努力，尽力 He never exerted himself to study hard. Exert every effort尽一切努力 Exertion n.施加 Subtle a.微妙的，难以捉摸的;敏感的，敏锐的delicate, hardly noticeful Advertisements exert subtle influence on us. He is a subtle observer. Subtly adv.微妙地，敏锐地 Subtleness=subtlety Advertiser n.做广告的人，广告商 Advertise v.做广告 Advertisement n.广告 Classify v.分类 The books have been classified according to subjects. Classification n.分类 Classified a.分类的，机密的 Classifiable a.可分类的 Classifier n.分类者 Capture v.吸引，赢得 His wonderful performance captured my attention. Capture v.捕获，俘获 The police captured the two thieves. Anticipate v.t.预期，预料 Anticipate/expect Anticipate :预料到 Our attack failed because the enemy anticipated. Anticipate 期待，指望，预料 We anticipated the enemy would try to cross the river ,so we decided to destroy the b ridge.我们预料敌人可能会企图过河，所以我们决定破坏这个桥。 Expect :期待，希望某事发生 期待，指望anticipate=expect I am not expecting any trouble. We are anticipating(expecting) a large crowd of people at tonight's meeting. He is the man who is always anticipating trouble. Anticipate :注重强调的内容以高兴和恐惧的心情，期待所想之事或预料之事的发生。 The students are anticipating a wonderful vacation. Notes on the text no one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. no one与avoid构成双重否定 让步状语从句重点 as引导的让步状语从句，句子要倒装（形容词、副词、名词、动词用在as前） （一）adj. + as + 主语 +谓语 Rich as he is, he is not happy. Tired as I was, I try to help them. （二）adv.(much) + as +从句 Much as I like you, I will not marry you. Much as I hate to do it, I must stay home and study English. （三）v. + as + 主语 + 助动词 Try as they may, they will never succeed. Object as my parents may, I deceide to do it. effort: 1.努力，竭尽全力 需要花费脑力和体力的事情 不可数名词 It took a lot of effort to lift the box. A great deal of effort has gone into this exhibition. 2.努力，竭尽全力 可数名词 make every effort全力做某事 We are making every effort to study English. in one's effort to do为了干好某事，在干好某事的过程中 In their effort to learn English well, they spend a lot of time. make a close study对.......做了仔细的研究 close: careful get something for nothing: 免费得到„„ = get something for free not only„but„as well„„不仅„„而且„„ make it possible for sb to do sth 使„„可能 His few material possessions made it possible for him to move from place to place with ease. The money he won made it possible for him to make a tour around the world. capture(catch,receive,arrest,draw) the attention of sb 吸引某人的注意 response: reaction before long: soon, shortly occuipy: take up占据 It seems certain that ... It is certain that ... We are sure that ... It做形式主语，不能用sure close: end remove: unload Lesson 27 Nothing to sell and nothing to buy Text Listen to the tape then answer the question below. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 Listen to the tape then answer the question below. What is the most important thing for a tramp? It has been said that everyone lives by selling something. In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort. Though it may be possible to measure the value of material good in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us. There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives, yet we might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service. The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop. Everyone has something to sell. Tramps seem to be the only exception to this general rule. Beggars almost sell themselves as human being to arouse the pity of passers-by. But real tramps are not beggars. They have nothing to sell and require nothing from others. In seeking independence, they do not sacrifice their human dignity. A tramp may ask you for money, but he will never ask you to feel sorry for him. He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences. He may never be sure where the next meal is coming from, but his is free from the thousands of anxieties which afflict other people. His few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease. By having to sleep in the open, he gets far closer to the world of nature than most of us ever do. He may hunt, beg, or stead occasionally to keep himself alive; he may even, in times of real need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedom. We often speak of my even, in times of real need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedom. We often speak of tramps with contempt and put them in the same class as beggars, but how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care? 参考译文 据说每个人都靠出售某种东西来维持生活。根据这种说法，教师靠卖知识为生，哲学家靠卖智慧为生，牧 师靠卖精神安慰为生。虽然物质产品的价值可以用金钱来衡量，但要估算别人为我们为所提供的服务的价 值却是极其困难的。有时，我们为了挽救生命，愿意付出我们所占有的一切。但就在外科大夫给我们提供 了这种服务后，我们却可能为所支付的昂贵的费用而抱怨。社会上的情况就是如此，技术是必须付钱去买 的，就像在商店里要花钱买商品一样。人人都有东西可以出售。 在这条普遍的规律前面，好像只有流浪汉是个例外，乞丐出售的几乎是他本人，以引起过路人的怜悯。但 真正的流浪并不是乞丐。他们既不出售任何东西，也不需要从别人那儿得到任何东西，在追求独立自由的 同时，他们并不牺牲为人的尊严。游浪汉可能会向你讨钱，但他从来不要你可怜他。他是故意在选择过那 种生活的，并完全清楚以这种方式生活的后果。他可能从不知道下顿饭有无着落，但他不像有人那样被千 万桩愁事所折磨。他几乎没有什么财产，这使他能够轻松自如地在各地奔波。由于被迫在露天睡觉，他比 我们中许多人都离大自然近得多。为了生存，他可能会去打猎、乞讨，偶尔偷上一两回；确实需要的时候， 他甚至可能干一点儿活，但他决不会牺牲自由。说起流浪汉，我们常常带有轻蔑并把他们与乞丐归为一类。 但是，我们中有多少人能够坦率地说我们对流浪汉的简朴生活与无忧无虑的境况不感到有些羡慕呢？ Vocabulary Wisdom n.智慧 He shows great wisdom. He is a man of wisdom. Cut sb's wisdom teeth 开始识世故 Spiritual a.精神上的 Heart spiritual Spiritual life 精神生活 Mental a.智力的 Physical a.物质的,肉体的 Spirited a.生机勃勃的,精神饱满的,猛烈的 Our spiritual need 我们精神上的需要 Spirituals含酒精的 Dignity n.尊严 With great dignity 仪态大方 Stand/keep on one's dignity保持尊严 Pocket one's dignity 放下架子 Lose one's dignity 有失体面 Dignify v. Dignified a.威严的,高贵的 Deliberately a.故意的 On purpose :故意,强调目的性 He cough on purpose to attract my attraction. The insulting words was made deliberately. Consequence n.后果,结果 Result :按常规产生的结果 Effect :效果 Outcome:竞赛或悬而未决的最后结局 In consequence因此; in consequence of由于。。。的缘故 Take the consequence of承担。。。后果 Afflict v.折磨,使苦恼 Be afflicted We are sympathetic to him because he is afflicted with a dease. Affliction n. Afflicted a .苦恼的 Ease n.容易 With ease 轻而易举的 With ease 自在 At ease 自在 ill at ease 不自在 Put sb at his ease 让某人不拘束 Take sb's ease 安下心来 I took my ease to study here. Comtempt n.蔑视 In contempt of 轻视,不顾及 In contempt of his father's objection Hold sb in contempt=look down upon sb Contemptable a.可轻视的,不耻的，卑鄙的 Contemptuous a.轻视的,傲慢的,轻蔑的 语气比Dispite 强烈的多 scorn 侧重在于因强烈的反感而促成的愤慨或蔑视 put scorn on 对„„嗤之以鼻 envious a.妒忌的 jealous 妒忌的，吃醋 Notes on the text live by: to make enough money to feed oneself 依靠某种职业为生 live on 依靠某种食物维持生命，或靠某人生活 in the light of= according to, taking into account 依据，按照 in accordance with: 依据(法律)更正式 in terms of: 按照，就„„而言，关于 with respect to in respect of with regard to in regard to as regards There are times when ... 有的时候 ...... grudge + n. / 动名词 不愿意，舍不得...... in seeking independence in + 动名词搭配，表示"在„„的过程中" In speaking to him, I found him stammer / stuter. on + 动名词搭配，表示"一„„就„„" On seeing the plane coming towards me, I dashed for corner. delibertately: after careful sonsideration be free from 不受„„的影响 keep oneself alive 为了生存 speak of: 谈及 speak for: 为„辩护 speak on: 就„发言 speak to: 与„谈话 from place to place 四处，到处(=here and there) one way or another 表示某种 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 或途径 in every sense 名副其实，在各种意义上来说，不折不扣的 look down on= = look down upon 瞧不起 convict 宣判某人有罪(常与of 连用) blame 责备（常与for连用） condemn to 判决 how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care?我们中有多少人能够坦率地说我们对流浪汉的简朴生活 与无忧无虑的境况不感到有些羡慕呢？ How many of us can honestly say that we would not like to learn English well? Lesson 28 Five pounds too dear Text Small boats loaded with wares sped to the great liner as she was entering the harbour. Before she had anchored, the men from the boats had climbed on board and the deck s were son covered with colourful rugs from Persia, silks from India, copper coffee pots, and beautiful handmade silverware. It was difficult not to be tempted. Many of the to urists on board had begun bargaining with the tradesmen, but I decide not to buy anyt hing until I had disembarked. I had no sooner got off the ship than I was assailed by a man who wanted to sell me a diamond ring. I had no intention of buying one, but I could not conceal the fact that I was impressed by the size of the diamonds. Some of them were as big as marbles. The man went to great lengths to prove that the diamonds were real. As we were wal king past a shop, he held a diamond firmly against the window and made a deep impr ession in the glass. It took me over half an hour to get rid of him. The next man to approach me was selling expensive pens and watches. I examined on e of the pens closely. It certainly looked genuine. At the base of the gold cap, the wor ds 'made in the U.S.A' had been nearly inscribed. The man said that the pen was wort h $50, but as a special favour, he would let me have it for $30. I shook my head and held up five fingers indicating that I was willing to pay $5. Gesticulating wildly, the m an acted as if he found my offer outrageous, but he eventually reduced the price to $1 0. Shrugging my shoulders, I began to walk away when, a moment later, he ran after me and thrust the pen into my hands. Though he kept throwing up his arms in despair, he readily accepted the $5 I have him. I felt especially pleased with my wonderful bar gain -- until I got back to the ship. No matter how hard I tried, it was impossible to fil l this beautiful pen with ink and to this day it has never written a single world! Vocabulary wares 货郎随身带的货物 复合词，表示“器皿，器具” hardware software silverware ironware glassware chinaware tinware goods :商店里出售的商品 commodity :（正式，总称）商品 a good bargain 好交易 make a bargain 达成 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 ，做成交易 drive a hard bargain with sb 和某人费力的讨价还价 bargain with sb for sth 和某人就„„讨价还价 tempt v.吸引，引诱 tempt sb to do sth 吸引某人做某事 temptation n.引诱 the temptation to do sth tempting a.有吸引力的=attractive bargain n/v.讨价还价 a good bargain 好交易 make a bargain 达成协议，做成交易 drive a hard bargain with和某人费力地讨价还价 bargain with sb for sth 和某人就„„讨价还价 bargain away 讨价出售 disembark =debark下船上岸 embark上船 assail v.=annoy sb continually纠缠 he was assailed with worries. Afflict v.困扰 Favour n.好处，优惠 In favour of 赞成，支持，有利于 In one’s favour 受某人欢迎，得到欢心 Out of favour不利，失宠 By favour of 烦请面交 Do sb a favour 给某人以恩惠 Favourite 受到优惠的，优待的 Favourable 赞成的，称赞的 Outrageous a.出使预料的，令人不悦的 =unexpected and offensive he played an outrageous joke. Outrage n.暴行 Rage n.盛怒，发怒 Fly into a rage 勃然大怒 Thrust v.硬塞给 Thrust sth into 塞进 Thrust aside 推开 Thrust oneself forward 向前挤 Thrust oneself in 探听，干涉=thrust one’s nose into Thrust sth upon sb 强加于人 Thrust sb out 解雇 Notes on the text speed down hill 向山下疾驶 speed up 向山上疾驶 speed by 迅速驶过 be covered with布满了 It was difficult not to be tempted. 双重否定 It was difficult not to be tempted by the beautiful shoes. It was impossible not to be tempted by the beautiful clothes. no sooner ... than ... no sooner后的动词要用过去完成时 如no sooner位于句首，句子倒装 表示"一„就„"的句型有：as soon as, the moment that, on doing, had no sooner than, had hardly when have no intention of doing sth 不打算做某事 intention = thought, plan I couldn't conceal the fact that I was impressed by the size of the diamond ring. I couldn't conceal the fact that ... that引导的同位语从句 He couldn't conceal the fact that he was taken in（受骗）. go to great(considerable, any) lengths 竭尽全力，不惜一切代价 He went to great lengths to pass this exam. real: 真的，不是捏造出来的 || 非人工制造的（= genuine） ~reason ~fear ~money true: 与事实或现实符合<——>false Only quarter of his story is true. genuine: 不是伪造的，非人工制造的（常用来修饰金银、字画、古董<——>fake Is this genuine Ming vessel? No, it is a fake. get rid of 摆脱，去除 ~stain = wash 治好cure ~cold I have tried all sorts of medicine to get rid of this cold. 还清（债务）He can never get rid of his debt. at the base of 在„„的底部 as a special favour 作为一种特殊的优惠 for出价钱 As a special favour, he would let me have it for 30 pounds. held up five fingers indicating ... indicating意思是说...... act as if 行为举止好像 ...... as if = as though outrageous: unexpected, unbeared keep doing sth. 不间断的，不停的做某事 keep on doing sth. 反复、重复干某事(中间可以有短暂的暂停) in despair绝望地 readily: reluctantly, willingly be pleased with= be satisfied with 对„„感到满意 no matter how = however to this day = up till now, until now, so far Lesson 29 Funny or not? Listen to the tape then answer the question below. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 What is the basis of 'sick' humour? Whether we find a joke funny or not largely depends on were we have been brought u p. The sense of humour is mysteriously bound up with national characteristics. A Frenc hman, for instance, might find it hard to laugh at a Russian joke. In the same way, a Russian might fail to see anything amusing in a joke witch would make an Englishman laugh to tears. Most funny stories are based on comic situations. In spite of national differences, certai n funny situations have a universal appeal. No matter where you live, you would find i t difficult not to laugh at, say, Charlie Chaplin's early films. However, a new type of hu mour, which stems largely from the U.S., has recently come into fashion. It is called 's ick humour'. Comedians base their jokes on tragic situation like violent death or seriou s accidents. Many people find this sort of joke distasteful The following example of 'sic k humour' will enable you to judge for yourself. A man who had broken his right leg was taken to hospital a few weeks before Christm as. From the moment he arrived there, he kept on pestering his doctor to tell him whe n he would be able to go home. He dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital. Th ough the doctors did his best, the patient's recovery was slow. On Christmas Day, the man still had his right leg in plaster. He spent a miserable day in bed thinking of all th e fun he was missing. The following day, however, the doctor consoled him by telling him that his chances of being able to leave hospital in time for New Year celebrations were good. The good. The man took heart and, sure enough, on New Years' Eve he w as able to hobble along to a party. To compensate for his unpleasant experiences in ho spital, the man drank a little more than was good for him. In the process, he enjoyed himself thoroughly and kept telling everybody how much he hated hospitals. He was sti ll mumbling something about hospitals at the end of the party when he slipped on a pi ece of ice and broke his left leg. Vocabulary Largely a.在很大程度上=to a great extent His success was largely due to luck. Universal a.普遍的,一般的,广泛的,万能的 Universal agent 全权代理人 Universal time 世界时 Universal joint 万向接头 Universality n.普遍性 Universally adv It’s universally acknowledged that English is getting more and more important. Universe n.宇宙 Comedian .n.滑稽演员,喜剧演员 Comedy n.喜剧 Tragedy n.悲剧 Tragic a.悲剧的 Distasteful a.讨厌的=Unpleasant, displeasing The idea is distasting to me. Pester v.一再要求,纠缠=asail Pester sb to do Pester sb with He continually pester his boss with demands . Pester sb for sth Dread v.惧怕 后面可以跟名词,动名词,不定式搭配连用 we were dreading his arrival. He dreaded having to meet his parents. Dreadful ;dreaded In dread of fear horrify Console v.t.安慰,慰问 he is consoling his friend in grief for the loss of child. Notes on the text be difficult to It was diffcult not to be tempted. stem from -- come from, arise from, originate from His feelings of hate stems from envy. come into fashion come into being come into power his chances of doing sth are good/remote 做„„可能性极大/极小 most of 后面必须 + the 再 + 名词 Eg: most of the students the majority of „„大多数 take heart He took heart when he got the good news, 反义词lose heart than 引导省略主语的比较从句 nessary, good, possible, anticipate, expect, feel, support, report, require, think There were more accidents than I was reported. The cake is more than is good for him. He ate more than is good for him. as也可以引导省略主句的语句、同级比较级 He eats just as much as is good for him. He arrived as I expected. ---> He arrived as was expected. The man drank a little more than was good for him. --- He drank a lot. --- He drank more than he could bear. 他喝得多了。 The man drank as much was good for him. 他喝得不多不少，恰到好处。 委婉 She is not right fat.她很胖。 in the process Yesterday, I went swimming. In the process, I had a very good time. How much --- too what extent How much can I trust him? --- To what extent can i trust him? 我们觉得一则笑话是否好笑，很大程度取决于我们是在哪儿长大的。幽默感与民族有着神秘莫测的联系。 譬如，法国人听完一则俄国笑话可能很难发笑。同样的道理，一则可以令英国人笑出泪来的笑话，俄国人 听了可能觉得没有什么可笑之处。 大部分令人发笑的故事都是根据喜剧情节编写的。尽管民族不同，有些滑稽的情节却能产生普遍的效果。 比如说，不管你生活在哪里，你看查理.卓别林的早期电影很难不发笑。然而，近来一种新式幽默流行了起 来，这种幽默主要来自美国。它被叫作“病态幽默”。喜剧演员根据悲剧情节诸如暴死，重大事故等来编 造笑话。许多人认为这种笑话是低级庸俗的。下面是个“病态幽默”的实例，你可据此自己作出判断。 圣诞节前几周，某人摔断了右腿被送进医院。从他进医院那一刻时，他就缠住医生，让医生告诉他什么时 候能回家。他十分害怕在医院过圣诞。尽管医生竭力医治，但病人恢复缓慢。圣诞节那天，他的右腿还上 着石膏，他在床上郁郁不乐地躺了一天，想着他错过的种种欢乐。然而，第二天，医生安慰他说，出院欢 度新年的可能性还是很大的，那人听后振作了精神。果然，除夕时他可以一瘸一拐地去参加晚会了。为了 补偿住院这一段不愉快的经历，那人喝得稍许多了一点。在晚会上他尽情娱乐，一再告诉大家他是多么讨 厌医院。晚会结束时，他嘴里还在嘟哝着医院的事，突然踩到一块冰上滑倒了，摔断了左腿。 Lesson30 The death of a ghost Text For years, villagers believed that Endley Farm was hunted. The farm was owned by tw o brothers, Joe and Bob Cox. They employed a few farmhands, but no one was willing to work there long. Every time a worker gave up his job, he told the same story. Far m labourers said that they always woke up to find that work had been done overnight. Hay had been cut and cowsheds had been cleaned. A farm worker, who stayed up all night claimed to have seen a figure cutting corn in the moonlight. In time, it became an accepted fact the Cox brothers employed a conscientious ghost that did most of the ir work for them. No one suspected that there might be someone else on the farm who had never been seen. This was indeed the case. A short time ago, villagers were astonished to learn th at the ghost of Endley had died. Everyone went to the funeral, for the 'ghost' was non e other than Eric Cox, a third brother who was supposed to have died as a young man. After the funeral, Joe and Bob revealed a secret which they had kept for over fifty ye ars. Eric had been the eldest son of the family, very much older than his two brothers. He had been obliged to join the army during the Second World War. As he hated army lif e, he decided to desert his regiment. When he learnt that he would be sent abroad, h e returned to the farm and his father hid him until the end of the war. Fearing the aut horities, Eric remained in hiding after the war as well. His father told everybody that E ric had been killed in action. The only other people who knew the secret were Joe and Bob. They did not even tell their wives. When their father died, they thought it their duty to keep Eric in hiding. All these years, Eric had lived as a recluse. He used to sle ep during the day and work at night, quite unaware of the fact that he had become th e ghost of Endley. When he died, however, his brothers found it impossible to keep th e secret any longer. Vocabulary Labourer 特别强调使用体力而不是技能:户外工作 Workman :指具有某种 工艺 钢结构制作工艺流程车尿素生产工艺流程自动玻璃钢生产工艺2工艺纪律检查制度q345焊接工艺规程 技能的半熟练工人 Worker :泛指,暗示具有更高的技术水平:通常指脑力劳动者 Farmhand:农场雇工,农业工人:farm labourer Conscientious a.认真的 A conscientious teacher Conscious a.意识的,清楚的 Suspect v.怀疑 to believe to be true or likely表肯定的语义 I suspected him of stealing the car. Suspected that He suspected that his girlfriend tried to hide her true feeling. Suspect sb to be I suspect him to be a spy. Doubt v.怀疑,表示否定的语意 I doubt whether he is a liar.我怀疑他是否是一骗子 I doubt the truth of his statement.我怀疑他说的是不是真话。 Suspicious a. Cats are suspicious of human beings. Suspicion n.猜疑,怀疑 Desert v. = run away without permission违背法律,道义,责任,信仰 abandon放弃 We sheltered from the storm in a deserted hut.无人居住的 The soldier deserted his army. Desert the army ;desert school,desert his duty;desert him family Abandon 放弃,被迫放弃所感兴趣或所负责任的东西 He had to abandon his favorite research because of the war. Forsake vt .放弃,抛弃,与„„脱离关系 He forsook his family. Discard v.放弃，丢弃，give up as useless Everyday we discard a large amount of rubbish. Notes on the text haunted闹鬼 haunted: visit somewhere very often. The farm was owned by two brother, Joe and Bob Cox. = The farm was possessed by two brother, Joe and Bob cox. be willing to = be ready to do every time: whenever Every time I listen to his advice, I get into trouble. = Whenever I listen to his advice, I get into trouble. wake up to find that 醒过来的时候，结果却发现„„„„ to不定式做结果状语 He woke up to find that he was surrounded by a large crowd of people. 表示遗憾的结果，在to前加上only He hurried to the post office, only to find that it was shut. claim to have done 声称做过某事 Eg: He claimed to have seen the puma. Sea man claimed to have seen monsters. see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事 stay up: not go to bed sit up The boy sat up to see the film. wait up = sit up但侧重于为了等某人回来而不睡觉 wait up for/sit up for Don't wait up for me, I will be home late tonight. burn the midnight oil 开夜车 Eg: I have to burn the midnight oil tonight to complete work. in time最后终于 It became an accepted fact that ... that引导同位语从句，补述说明 fact conscientious ghost: someone else who had never been seen No one suspected that ... be astonished = be surprised astonish, surprise, amaze, astound be astonished to do know, find, hear, discover I am not surprised to see he is still as fat as before. none other than == no other than 强调结构，表示不是别人而正是„„ 强调人 Eg: The man who had sent the flowers was none other than the man she had spoken to the night before. It was no other than my old friend Johnson. nothing else than 仅仅 强调事物 Eg: His failure was due to nothing else than his own carelessness. a third brother 又一位兄弟 keep secret 保密 reveal secret 揭露秘密，披露秘密 very much older than his two brother very much加强语气 in hiding: in concealment The only other people who knew the secret They thought it their duty to keep Eric in hiding. it做形式主语 it做形式主语后面跟宾语补足语时，宾语补足语可以是名词，形容词。 He used to sleep during the day and work at night, quite unaware of the fact that he had become the ghost of Endley. adj.Phrase 做状语，进一步补充说明全句 that引导同位语从句 When he died, however, his brothers found it impossible to keep the secret any longer. it做形式宾语 recruit 招募军队 Eg: Can't you recruit more members to the music society? conscript 根据法律或宪法征兵，与介词into 连用，在美语中用draft