院前急救培训考试题

院前急救培训考试题 第一部分心肺复苏考题 一、选择题 心肺复苏指南中胸外按压的频率为:1. 2005 B ()次分;()次分;()次分;()次分A80-100/B100/C120/D 60-80/ 心肺复苏指南中单或双人复苏时胸外按压与通气的比率为:2. 2005 A():;():;():;():A302B152C301D151 心肺复苏指南中胸外按压的部位为:3. 2005 A ()双乳头之间胸骨正中部;()心尖部;()胸骨中段;()胸骨左缘第五肋间ABCD 成人心肺复苏时胸外按压的深度为:4. C ()胸廓前后径的一半;();();()AB2-3 cmC4-5 cmD6-7cm 在成人心肺复苏中，潮气量大小为:5. A ();();();()A500-600mlB600-700mlC400-500mlD800-1000ml 年指南在心脏停搏时推荐的每次吹气时间为:6. 2005 A ()超过秒;()小于秒;()与呼气时间等同;()快速用力吹气 A1B1CD 在成人心肺复苏中，人工呼吸的频率为:7. B ()次分;()次分;()次分;()次分A6-8/B8-10/C10-12/D12-15/ 成人心肺复苏时胸外按压实施者交换按压操作的时间间隔为:8. D()分钟;()分钟;()分钟;()分钟A5B3C10D2 使用单向波除颤仪，电击能量选择为:9. C ();();();()A200JB300JC360JD150J 使用双向波除颤仪，电击能量选择为:10. C ();();();()A100JB100-150JC150-200JD300J 成人心肺复苏时打开气道的最常用方式为:11. A ()仰头举颏法;()双手推举下颌法;()托颏法;()环状软骨压迫法ABDD 心室颤动无脉性室性心动过速治疗时，推荐电击次数为:12. / A()次;()次;()次;()次A1B3C2D4 被目击的非创伤心跳骤停患者中最常见的心律为:13. C ()心脏停搏;()无脉性室颤;()室颤;()电机械分离ABCD- 对被目击的短暂室颤患者的最佳处理措施为:14. D ()胸外按压;()静脉推注利多卡因;()静脉推注胺碘酮;()立即除颤ABCD 非专业急救者遇到呼吸停止的无意识患者时应:15. A ()先进行次人工呼吸后立即开始胸外按压;()呼救急救医疗服务体系;()马上A2 BC寻找自动除颤仪;()先开始生命体征评估，再进行心肺复苏D 急救医疗服务体系的救援人员对无目击者的心脏停跳患者除颤前应:16. Bncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trauma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of common emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, antispasmodic and anti-asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) basic skills requirements name name heart lung ()心前区叩击;()先行约组(约分钟)心肺复苏再行除颤;()不需要其他处理，AB52C立即进行电除颤;()先给予静脉推注胺碘酮再除颤D 无脉性心脏停跳患者两次心跳检查之间应:17. A ()先给予约组(或者约分钟)心肺复苏;()行导心电图检查;()建立深静A52B12C脉通道;()准备电除颤D 心肺复苏时急救者在电击后应:18. B ()立即检查心跳或脉搏;()先行胸外按压，在组(或者约分钟)心肺复苏后再进AB52行心跳检查;()立即进行心电图检查;()调节好除颤仪，准备第二次除颤CD 成人心肺复苏时肾上腺素的用法为:19. A ()，稀释后静脉推注，每分钟重复一次;()，稀释后静脉推注，A1mg5B1mg-3mg-5mg每分钟递增;()，稀释后静脉推注，每分钟重复一次;()，5C5mg5D1mg-3mg-5mg---5mg 稀释后静脉推注，每分钟重复一次5 成人心肺复苏时血管加压素的用法为:20. A ()一次性静脉推注;()，每分钟重复一次;()一次性静脉推注;()A40UB40U5C20UD ，每分钟重复一次20U5 推荐对房颤心脏复律时初始能量值为:21. B ();();();()A50-100JB100-200JC200-300JD300-360J 对于房扑和其它室上性心动过速，推荐初始复律能量值为:22. A ();();();()A50-100JB100-200JC200-300JD300-360J 救治者对有脉搏婴儿和儿童患者只人工呼吸而不需要胸外按压的频率为:23. A()次分;()次分;()次分;()次分A12-20/B8-10/C10-12/D6-12/ 救治者对有脉搏成人患者只人工呼吸而不需要胸外按压成人的频率为:24. C()次分;()次分;()次分;()次分A12-20/B8-10/C10-12/D6-12/ 医护人员对于婴儿和儿童及两个现场救助者的心肺复苏应当使用按压呼吸比为:25. A():;():;():;():A152B302C151D301 二、是非题 偶然的喘息不同于心跳呼吸骤停，对有偶然喘息的受害者进行救治时不需要进行人工呼1. 吸。()Х 在心肺复苏中较正常低的潮气量和呼吸频率也能维持恰当的通气血流比值。(对)2. 过度通气不必要，而且有害，因为其能够增加胸内压力，减少心脏的静脉回流，减少心3. 搏出量，降低生存率。(对) 心肺复苏每延迟分钟，室颤引起的呼吸心跳骤停患者生存率下降,,。(对)4. 17-10 心肺复苏延长室颤存在时间，而除颤可以结束室颤，从而使心脏恢复有效节律维持机体5. 灌注。(对) basic skills requirements name name heart lung a. (2)ng with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmiequirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisonitudy rtiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of snew development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome easthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the -etic, antispasmodic and antion emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diurf commcommon emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects onology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; ma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency techncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trau2 颈动脉搏动不能正确评价心肺复苏中冠状动脉，心脑血流的恢复情况。(对)6. 氧饱和度可以评估组织灌流，因为心脏骤停时它快速下降，而在自主循环建立后即恢复7. 至基线。(对) 高级生命支持治疗对于生存率的任何改善均小于在社区内成功推广非专业急救者心肺8. 复苏和自动体外除颤项目所取得的成果。(对) 初级救助者不需要确定正常的呼吸，而医务人员如果不能在秒钟内确认呼吸是否正9. 10常，那么先进行两次人工呼吸。初级救助者如果不愿意或不会进行人工呼吸，那么开始胸外按压。(对) 初级救助者对于创伤和非创伤的受害者都应该用仰头抬颏手法开放气道。(对)10. 心肺复苏指南中非专业急救者开始胸外按压之前要求进行生命体征评估。()11. 2005Х 医务人员检查脉搏不应超过秒钟，如果在秒钟内没有脉搏，那么立即开始胸外按12. 1010 压。(对) 对成人复苏的胸外按压为次分钟，按压的幅度为至厘米，每次压下后胸廓完13. 100/45 全弹回，保证松开的时间与压下基本相等。(对) 救助者胸外按压时应该把手掌放在胸部正中双乳头之间的胸骨上，另一只手平行重叠压14. 在其手背上。(对) 所有救助者在进行胸外按压时，在检查脉搏、分析心律或进行其他操作时尽量减少按压15. 中断。(对) 成人心肺复苏时，不管单人或双人进行复苏，胸外按压与通气比均为:。()16. 152Х 当有两个或更多施救者在现场的情况下，急救医疗服务体系的激活和心肺复苏必须同17. 时进行;缺少其中任何一项都会减少心跳呼吸骤停病人的生存机会。(对) 旁观者可以在急救医疗服务体系人员到达之前，没检查心脏节律没除颤的情况下，对有18. 目击的院外成人心跳骤停患者进行一段时间的心肺复苏(例如个循环或者大约分52钟)。(对) 对有目击的院外成人心跳骤停患者，如果自动除颤仪已经配备并且可用，或院内患者，19. 或急救医疗服务体系人员目击心跳骤停，救助者应该尽快实施除颤。(对) 任何施救者在院外目睹心脏骤停并且现场有自动除颤仪可用，那么应该尽可能的使用自20. 动除颤仪。(对) 当急救医疗服务体系工作人员没有目击院外心脏骤停，则在检查心电图并试图除颤前应21. 该先进行约个循环的心肺复苏。(对)5 急救者除颤后应立即开始胸部按压，尽量避免因节律分析和电击造成胸外按压中断并随22. 时准备重新心肺复苏。(对) 当出现室颤或无脉室速(室颤)时，急救者应该首先进行胸部按压，然后予以次电23. 1 击并立即恢复心肺复苏。(对) kills requirements name name heart lungasic scardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) bnts: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with iremepathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requ lopment of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology,asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new deve-tispasmodic and antiency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, anemerg mergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of commonf application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common ema life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology oncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trau3 如果一次除颤就终止室颤但后来又出现室颤，那么以后的电击应该选择比先前成功除24. 颤大的能量值。()Х 在心脏骤停治疗中，基础心肺复苏和早期除颤为第一位，药物为第二位，没有强烈的证25. 据支持药物的有效性。因此可在心肺复苏和除颤之后再建立静脉通道，药物治疗，高级呼吸通路。(对) 胺碘酮可应用于对电击心肺复苏、血管升压素无反应的室颤和无脉性室颤，首次剂量26. 静脉注射，可追加次。(对)300mg150mg/ 急救者应有急救白金分钟的理念，避免因打电话或呼叫人们帮助而27. “10” 耽搁时间，应边呼叫边实施心肺复苏。(对) 在婴儿患者，非专业人员和单个复苏者应该用个指头按压胸骨，按在紧贴乳头线的28. 2 下方。(对) 在婴儿患者，双手环绕胸部一两个拇指按压的技术是最好的，它产生较高的冠状动脉灌29. 注压、更持久的合适的按压深度和力量、并且可以产生更高的收缩压和舒张压。(对) 儿童复苏时，将一手或双手手掌跟部置于胸骨下段，注意避免压迫剑突和肋骨，胸骨按30. 压的深度是胸廓前后经。(对)1/3~1/2 成人胸外按压的频率为次分。()31. 60-100/Х 单人心肺复苏时按压通气比为:，而双人时按压通气比则为:。()32. /302/152Х 单人院前心肺复苏的步骤为:激活急救医疗服务体系系统(呼救)取出自动除颤仪(如33. --果有自动除颤仪)对患者进行心肺复苏除颤(如果可能)。(对)--— 双人或多人院前心肺复苏的步骤为:一名急救者按步骤进行心肺复苏，另一名启动急救34. 医疗服务体系系统，同时取出自动除颤仪，如果可能对患者进行除颤。(对) 成人心肺复苏时胸外按压的部位为心前区。()35. Х 成人心肺复苏中除颤的能量依次为、、。()36. 200J300J360JХ 成人心肺复苏时电极板的放置位置分别为心尖部(左侧锁骨中线第五肋间)和右胸上前37. 壁(锁骨下方)。(对) 对有目击的院外成人心跳骤停患者开始进行复苏时，必须同时进行人工呼吸。()38. Х 对心搏暂停病人不推荐使用起搏治疗。而对有症状心动过缓病人则考虑起搏治疗。(对)39. 由于新双向波除颤仪的首次电击高效率，因此推荐单次电击立即心肺复苏，取代先前40. + 在室颤处理上推荐的连续次电击。() 3 Х 对于非专业急救者，如果意识丧失的患者没有呼吸就可假定为心脏停搏;对于专业急41. , 救者，检查脉搏时间不超过秒;如果在秒内不能确定脉搏，就开始胸外按压。(对)1010 对儿童患者立即提供心肺复苏和的原因是窒息猝死(包括早期呼吸猝死)比儿童突发心42. 脏骤停更常见，而且儿童更可能对早期心肺复苏有反应或获益。(对) 三、简答题 basic skills requirements name name heart lung a. (2)ng with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmiequirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisonitudy rtiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of snew development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome easthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the -etic, antispasmodic and antion emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diurf commcommon emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects onology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; ma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency techncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trau4 成人心肺复苏生命链的组成有哪几部分,1. 答:成人生存链组成如下:()早期识别和启动急救医疗服务体系或联系当地急救反应1 系统。()早期由旁观者进行心肺复苏:立即进行心肺复苏可使室颤的心跳呼吸骤停者2 生存率增加倍。()早期进行电击除颤:心肺复苏加分钟内的电击除颤可使生2-333-5存率增加,,,。()早期由医务工作者进行复苏后的高级生命支持。49754 儿童心肺复苏生存链的组成有哪几部分,2. 答:儿童生存链组成如下:()心肺骤停的预防。()基本心肺复苏。()及时送至急123诊医学服务系统。()及时的儿童高级生命支持。4 成人基础生命支持程序有哪些,3. 答:()检查受害者反应;()启动急救医疗服务体系系统;()开放气道与检查呼吸;123()进行人工呼吸;()检查脉搏(面向医务人员);()胸外按压;()除颤。4567 卒中患者到达急诊科救治的目标是什么,4. 答:卒中患者到达急诊科后在分钟内完成流水线型的评估，完成初始评价，扫描10CT应在分钟内完成并作出解释，溶纤药物应在到达后分钟内并在症状发作小时内25603给予。 碳酸氢钠的不良反应有那些,5. 答:()降低冠状动脉灌注压;()细胞外酸中毒，氧解离曲线右移，氧释放减少;()123高钠血症和高渗血症;()产生大量的一氧化碳，弥散到心肌细胞和脑细胞内，引起42 反常性酸中毒;()加重中枢神经系统酸中毒;()使儿茶酚胺失活。5 6 心脏骤停病人早期除颤原因,6. 答:()心脏骤停最常见和最初发生的心律失常是心室纤颤(室颤);()电除颤是终12止室颤最有效的 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 ;()随着时间的推移，成功除颤的机会迅速下降;()短时间室34颤既可恶化并导致心脏停搏。 人工呼吸的建议有那些,7. 2005 答:()每次人工呼吸时间超过秒。()每次人工呼吸潮气量足够，能够观察到胸廓112 起伏。()避免迅速而强力的人工呼吸。()如果已经有人工气道，并且有二人进行心34 肺复苏，则每分钟通气至次，呼吸与胸外按压不需要同步;在人工呼吸时胸外按810 压不应停止。 心肺复苏指南中最重要的变化有哪些,8. 2005 答:心肺复苏指南中最重要的变化在于简化了心肺复苏程序，并且把有效不间断2005 胸外按压的重要意义提到前所未有的高度，并增加了心肺复苏期时每分钟胸外按压的次数(次分钟)和减少胸外按压的间歇。100/ 在院外基本生命支持系统终止复苏指证,9. 答:()有效的自发的循环和通气恢复。()护理移交给上级急诊医疗人员，让他们对12 kills requirements name name heart lungasic scardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) bnts: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with iremepathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requ lopment of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology,asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new deve-tispasmodic and antiency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, anemerg mergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of commonf application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common ema life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology oncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trau5 复苏尝试无反应的病人进行决策。()可靠的证据表明不可逆死亡存在。()复苏者因34为筋疲力尽不能坚持或存在环境危害或者因为复苏努力让他们处于危险中。()有一个5合法的不尝试复苏遗嘱提供给复苏者。 心脏骤停一旦发生，必须采取的个步骤为,10. 3 答:()激活急救医疗服务体系系统。()立即进行心肺复苏。()熟练运用自动除颤123 仪。 现代除颤仪的类型,11. 答:根据除颤波形的不同，现代除颤仪分为两种类型，即单向型和双向型。 紧急气管内插管的指证12. ? 答:()复苏者无法应用球囊面罩对昏迷的患者实施完全的通气;()患者缺乏保护性12的气道反射(昏迷或心脏骤停)。 导致无脉性心脏骤停的常见心律失常有那些,12. 答:()室颤。()室性心动过速。()无脉性心电活动。()心脏停搏。1234 复苏后治疗的最初目的有那些,13. 答:()进一步改善心肺功能和体循环灌注，特别是脑灌注;()将院前心跳骤停患者12 及时转至医院的急诊室，再转至设备完善的病房;()力求明确导致心跳骤停的ICU 3 原因;()完善措施，预防复发;()采取措施，改善远期预后，尤其是神经系统的完45 全康复。 预测死亡或神经系统不良后果的临床体征有:14. 答:()第时，仍无皮层反射;()第时，仍无瞳孔反射;()第时，124h 224h 324h 对疼痛刺激仍无退缩反应;()第时，仍无运动反射;()第时，仍无运动424h 572h 反射。 急性冠脉综合症再灌注的目标为:15. 答:溶栓必须在病人到达分钟内完成(入院至开始用药的时间间隔为分钟)或30 30 者在病人到达分钟内完成(从进导管室至球囊扩张时间间隔为分钟)。PCI90 90 年心肺复苏指南推荐的吹气方式为:16. 2005 答:()给予次紧急吹气，每次吹气超过秒;在心肺复苏过程中，各种通气方式包 121 括口对口、口对鼻、面罩通气和高级气道通气，均推荐持续秒钟，以使患者胸部起伏。1 ()给予有效的潮气量，使患者出现看得见的胸部起伏。()避免快速或者用力吹气。23 ()当进行了进一步气道干预如气管内插管和气食管联合插管等后，人进行心肺复4()2苏的吹气频率为次秒，不需考虑通气与按压同步。通气时胸部按压不需要暂停。8~10/ 心肺复苏时，何时紧急吹气而不行胸外按压(仅限专业急救人员),17. 答:如果患者有自主循环(比如可触知的脉搏)，仅需要通气支持，吹气频率为 10~12次分，或者每秒吹气次。不管是否进行高级气道干预，每次吹气时间应超过/5~611 basic skills requirements name name heart lung a. (2)ng with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmiequirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisonitudy rtiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of snew development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome easthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the -etic, antispasmodic and antion emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diurf commcommon emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects onology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; ma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency techncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trau6 秒，每次吹气应该可见胸部起伏。在紧急吹气过程中，每分钟评价次脉搏，时间不21超过秒。10 心肺复苏指南心肺复苏使用年龄划分的共识:18. 2005 新生儿心肺复苏用于出生后第一小时还没有离开医院的新生儿;婴儿心肺复苏指南用于小于一岁的患者;儿童心肺复苏指南用于,岁患者，成人心肺复苏用于大于等于188岁患者。 单个复苏者对于无反应的病人复苏顺序为:19. 当只有单个复苏者，应该打电话给急诊反应系统并取得体外自动除颤仪，接下来返回患 者身边开始心肺复苏，并且如果合适的话使用体外自动除颤仪。 复苏者对于无反应的婴儿和儿童应该采取的复苏顺序为:20. 复苏者应该开放气道并检查呼吸，如缺少呼吸应给予两个人工呼吸;在人工呼吸后，复 苏者应该开始次按压和次呼吸的心肺复苏循环。如果合适的话使用体外自动除颤仪。302 复苏者应该在离开儿童患者身边打电话给急诊反应系统和获得体外自动除颤仪之前提供五个循环的心肺复苏(分钟内)。2 nts: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with iremepathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requ lopment of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology,asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new deve-tispasmodic and antiency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, anemerg mergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of commonf application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common ema life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology oncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior traukills requirements name name heart lungasic scardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) b7 第二部分 中毒 一、选择题 岁，晨卧床不起，人事不省，多汗，流涎，呼吸困难。体检:神志不清，双瞳孔缩小1. 18 如针尖，双肺布满湿罗音，心率次分，肌束震颤，抽搐，最可能的诊断是:()60/ B 急性安定中毒;急性有机磷中毒;A. B. 急性一氧化碳中毒;急性氯丙嗪中毒;C. D. 急性巴比妥中毒。E. 女性，岁，误服敌敌畏半小时后昏迷来院，诊断急性有机磷中毒。下列哪项属烟2. 2410ml 碱样症状:() B 多汗;肌纤维束颤动;A. B. 瞳孔缩小;流涎;肺水肿。C. D. E. 急性有机磷中毒洗胃时应采取的体位:()3. B 右侧卧位;左侧卧位;仰卧位;俯卧位。A. B. C. D. 成人胃管插入的深度一般为:()4. C ,;,;,;以上。A. 4045cm B. 5560cm C. 4555cm D. 60cm 判断急性有机磷中毒患者洗胃是否彻底可参考:()5. B 洗胃液量;洗出液是否澄清无味;A. B. 临床症状是否好转。C. 异烟肼中毒时可用下列哪个药物拮抗:()6. C ;;;A. VitB B. VitB C. VitB D. VitB 12612有机磷中毒胆碱酯酶重活化剂使用时间:()7. D ,;,;A. 13d B. 35d ,;根据中毒程度、症状好转及酶活力恢复情况使用。C. 57d D. 海络因中毒时，解毒药首选:()8. C 洛贝林;阿托品;纳酪酮;氟马西尼。A. B. C. D. 急性有机磷中毒发生肺水肿的治疗:()9. D 西地兰;速尿;甲强龙;阿托品。A. B. C. D. 安定类药物中毒特效解毒剂是:()10. A 氟马西尼;纳酪酮;美解眠;碳酸氢钠。A. B. C. D. 主要分泌神经毒素的毒蛇为:()11. A 银环蛇;五步蛇;竹叶青蛇;蝰蛇。A. B. C. D. 分泌混合毒素的毒蛇为:()12. C 金环蛇;海蛇;眼镜蛇;五步蛇。A. B. C. D. 关于河豚鱼中毒，哪项不是其治疗方法:()13. D basic skills requirements name name heart lung a. (2)ng with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmiequirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisonitudy rtiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of snew development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome easthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the -etic, antispasmodic and antion emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diurf commcommon emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects onology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; ma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency techncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trau8 催吐、洗胃、导泻;盐酸士的宁肌注或皮下注射;A. B. 1% 呼吸麻痹时可实施机械通气;碳酸氢钠静滴。C. D. 女性，岁，食用鱼片干及啤酒后出现恶心、呕吐，数小时后诉唇麻、四肢无力，不久14. 23 呼吸困难，昏迷。最可能的诊断是:() B 急性酒精中毒;河豚鱼中毒;A. B. 肉毒杆菌中毒;过敏性休克。C. D. 以下哪项不是重度一氧化碳中毒患者常见并发症:()15. D 休克;呼吸衰竭;脑水肿;急性心肌梗死。A. B. C. D. 以下哪项方法不适合治疗急性一氧化碳中毒:()16. D 高压氧舱;脱水;改善脑代谢;输鲜血浆。A. B. C. D. 中度一氧化碳中毒，其血液碳氧血红蛋白浓度大约在:()17. B ,;,;,;,A. 10%30% B. 30%50% C. 50%70% D. 5%10% 洗胃液的温度最好选择在:()18. A ,?;?左右;,?;,?A. 3237 B. 4 C. 3740 D. 2124 慢性酒精中毒常见合并症不包括:()19. D 慢性胃炎;酒精性肝硬化;周围神经炎;精神分裂症。A. B. C. D. 百草枯中毒的主要致死原因为:()20. A 进行性肺纤维化;急性肾功能衰竭;A. B. 中毒性肝损害;中毒性心肌炎。C. D. 下列除哪一项外均可作为氰化物中毒的抢救用药:()21. C 亚硝酸异戊酯鼻孔吸入;A. 亚硝酸钠,静注或硫代硫酸钠,静注;B. 3%1020ml25%2530ml 肾上腺皮质激素冲击;C. 亚甲蓝溶液,稀释后静注;D. 1%510ml 慢性苯中毒常可导致:()22. B 呼吸麻痹;白细胞和(或)血小板减少;A. B. 循环衰竭;昏迷。C. D. 急性苯中毒呼气中含:()23. B 臭蛋味;芳香味;苦杏仁味;大蒜味。A. B. C. D. 下列哪项不是乌头碱类植物中毒的临床表现:()24. C 口、舌及全身麻木;心动过缓;皮肤淤斑;口唇紫绀。A. B. C. D. 关于水物酸类药物中毒以下不正确的是:()25. C 代谢性酸中毒;休克;A. B. 缩短;危重者宜尽早血液透析。C. PT D. nts: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with iremepathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requ lopment of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology,asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new deve-tispasmodic and antiency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, anemerg mergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of commonf application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common ema life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology oncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior traukills requirements name name heart lungasic scardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) b9 关于呋喃丹中毒，禁用:()26. B 碳酸氢钠溶液洗胃;肟类复能剂;A. 2% B. 阿托品;肾上腺皮质激素。C. D. 胆碱酯酶活力保持正常的农药中毒见于:()27. A 拟除虫菊酯类;氨基甲酸酯类;有机磷类。A. B. C. 出血性膀胱炎可见于下列哪一类农药中毒:()28. D 有机磷类;拟除虫菊酯类;氨基甲酸酯类;有机氮类。A. B. C. D. 中毒性溶血见于:()29. D 有机磷中毒;一氧化碳中毒;草乌中毒砷化氢中毒。A. B. C. D. ; 下列中毒除哪项外，均可导致肺水肿:()30. B 有机磷农药中毒;阿托品中毒;百草枯中毒;安妥中毒。A. B. C. D. 可兴奋交感神经致心律失常的中毒药物:()31. A 三环类抗抑郁药;洋地黄;乌头;夹竹桃。A. B. C. D. 可导致视神经炎的见于下列哪一类中毒:()32. C 四氯化碳;硝基苯;甲醇;异烟肼。A. B. C. D. 二、是非题: 口服对硫磷中毒时，可用?高锰酸钾溶液洗胃。()1. 15000 × 敌百虫中毒时不能用碳酸氢钠液洗胃，因敌百虫在碱性环境下变成毒性更强的敌敌畏。2. () ? 清醒病人，非腐蚀性药物中毒时可先用棉签或压舌板刺激咽喉壁催吐。3. () ? 急性有机磷中毒昏迷患者洗胃毕，可经胃管注入硫酸镁导泻。()4. 50% × 抗凝血杀鼠药中毒时可肌注或静滴维生素。()5. K ? 1 三环类抗抑郁药中毒时可致严重心律失常，必要时可用碳酸氢钠溶液静滴治疗。6. 5% () ? 毒蛇咬伤的治疗除创口局部处理外，主要是全身抗蛇毒血清的应用。()7. ? 毒蛇咬伤局部伤口较深经清洁、消毒等处理后，一般不必注射破伤风抗毒素。8. () × 为抢救重症毒蛇咬伤患者，抗蛇毒血清可不作皮内试验。()9. × 毒蛇咬伤的伤口可行烧灼破坏蛇毒，如火柴等;必要时，可用碘剂、强酸等烧灼伤口。10. () × 对吸入性中毒如氯气、一氧化碳等中毒，应迅速脱离中毒现场，转移到空气新鲜的地方。11. () ? 急性一氧化碳中毒昏迷患者出现横纹肌溶解症，是由于肢体严重受压所致。12. basic skills requirements name name heart lung a. (2)ng with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmiequirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisonitudy rtiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of snew development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome easthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the -etic, antispasmodic and antion emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diurf commcommon emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects onology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; ma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency techncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trau10 () ? 胆碱酯酶重活化剂可用于氨基甲酸酯类杀虫药中毒的抢救。()13. × 氨基甲酸酯类中毒胆碱酯酶活力恢复迅速，而有机磷中毒胆碱酯酶恢复极慢。()14. ? 氯丙嗪中毒发生低血压或休克时，除积极补充血容量外，还可应用多巴胺、肾上腺素等15. 升压药。() × 大剂量清水洗胃可造成严重低渗血症，甚至血管内溶血。()16. ? 亚硝酸盐或苯胺中毒时，皮肤粘膜呈紫绀;一氧化碳中毒时口唇呈樱桃红色。()17. ? 有机磷、吗啡等中毒时瞳孔缩小，而阿托品、可卡因等中毒时瞳孔扩大。()18. ? 酸化尿液有利于巴比妥类药物从体内排出。()19. × 急性乙醇中毒，因其水溶性高，选用血液透析疗法可迅速降低血中酒精浓度。()20. ? 百草枯中毒致肺损伤并低氧血症，可通过吸入高浓度氧或机械通气纠正。()21. × 有机氟杀鼠剂中毒可用乙酰胺竞争性拮抗。()22. ? 毒鼠强中毒的特效解毒剂是二硫丙磺酸钠。()23. × 杀虫咪是有机氯杀虫剂。()24. × 拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的毒性作用是其所含氰基影响细胞色素和电子传递系统，并延长25. C 神经细胞膜动作电位的除极期，引起肌肉持续收缩所致。() ? 强碱中毒可服食醋或桔汁中和碱类，也可采用牛奶、豆浆、植物油或蛋清加水约26. 200ml稀释碱类，不宜催吐或洗胃。() ? 强酸经消化道中毒者，可选氢氧化铝凝胶或镁乳中和强酸。()27. 60ml ? 硫化氢中毒现场急救可用亚硝酸异戊酯经鼻孔吸入，院内抢救可用硫代碳酸钠28. 25%20ml缓慢静注。() ? 阿托品可以完全缓解吗啡诱导的奥迪氏括约肌痉挛。()29. × 吗啡中毒致死亡的原因几乎均由于呼吸骤停。()30. ? 三、简答题: 中间综合征:在急性胆碱能危象缓解后和迟发性神经病前，一般在急性中毒后,1. 24h96h突然发生近端肌无力、呼吸肌麻痹，甚至死亡的一组综合症。 迟发性神经病急性重度有机磷中毒症状消失后,周发生的主要累及肢体末端，且可发2. :23 生下肢瘫痪，四肢肌肉萎缩等神经系统症状。 急性一氧化碳中毒迟发脑病:指患者在意识障碍恢复后，经达约,的假愈期，出3. 260d“”现痴呆、震颤麻痹、偏瘫、尿失禁、失语、失明或继发性癫痫等精神神经系统改变。 毒蛇咬伤的伤口处理原则:4. ?绷扎;?清创;?封闭;?制动。 2+3+何谓肠源性紫绀:由于食用含亚硝酸盐的食物后，可使血红蛋白中的氧化成，5. FeFe从而失去携氧能力，表现为口唇及四肢末端紫绀的现象，称为肠源性紫绀。“” kills requirements name name heart lungasic scardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) bnts: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with iremepathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requ lopment of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology,asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new deve-tispasmodic and antiency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, anemerg mergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of commonf application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common ema life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology oncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trau11 洋地黄中毒的急诊处理:?轻度中毒，立即停药，不需处理;?大量服用，应予以洗胃，6. 导泻;?出现快速室性心律失常，可应用苯妥英钠或利多卡因;?异位快速性心律失常伴低钾血症时，可予钾盐静脉滴注;?出现缓慢性心律失常时，可用阿托品皮下或静注;?抗地高辛抗体。 洗胃的禁忌症有哪些:?强腐蚀剂口服中毒;?食管或胃底静脉曲张;?食管或贲门狭7. 窄;?严重心肺疾患;?深度昏迷;?休克而血压尚未纠正者。 毒蕈中毒临床表现分几型,8. 胃肠型、肝损伤型、溶血型、神经精神型。 蛇毒毒素主要分哪几类,9. ?神经毒;?心脏毒;?血液毒;?混合毒。 急性中毒的急救原则是什么,10. ?立即脱离中毒现场;?有心跳、呼吸骤停者，先行心肺脑复苏;?详询病史，迅速确 定诊断，估计中毒程度;?尽快排除尚未吸收的毒物，阻止毒物的进一步吸收;?对已被吸收的毒物，需尽快选择有效药物中和毒素，促进排泄;?积极支持疗法，纠正体液，酸碱失衡和电解质紊乱等，保护重要脏器功能。 阿片中毒的临床表现分几期:11. ?前驱期;?中毒期;?麻痹期;?恢复期。 试述中毒导致心脏骤停的机制:12. ?毒物直接作用于心肌，如洋地黄、奎尼丁、氨茶碱等中毒;?缺氧，如窒息性毒物中 毒;?低钾血症，如可溶性钡盐、棉酚等中毒。 中毒导致休克的原因有哪些,13. ?剧烈的吐泻导致血容量减少，如中毒;?严重的化学灼伤，由于血浆渗出而AsO 23 血容量减少，如强酸强碱等中毒;?毒物抑制血管舒缩中枢引起周围血管扩张，有效血容量不足;?心肌梗塞，见于吐根碱、锑、砷等中毒。 试述中毒导致急性肾功能衰竭的机制:14. ?肾小管坏死:如升汞、四氯化碳、氨基糖苷类抗生素、毒蕈、蛇毒等中毒;?肾缺血:所有可产生休克的毒物均可导致肾缺血;?肾小管堵塞:如砷化氢中毒可引起血管内溶血，游离血红蛋白由尿排出时可堵塞肾小管。 何谓慢性中毒,15. 长期接触(经皮肤、呼吸、消化等途径)较小剂量的毒物，造成以痴呆、周围神经病变、肝肾功能障碍、白细胞减少等临床表现为主的一类中毒。 催吐的禁忌证,16. ?昏迷;?惊厥;?吞服石油蒸馏物;?吞服腐蚀剂。 basic skills requirements name name heart lung a. (2)ng with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmiequirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisonitudy rtiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of snew development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome easthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the -etic, antispasmodic and antion emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diurf commcommon emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects onology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; ma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency techncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trau12 第三部分 创伤 一、选择题: 院前急救处理病人时遵循从()的顺序最为可靠。1.B 躯干到四肢;头到脚;哪里出血先处理哪里;个人习惯AB CD 全球由于创伤所花费的医疗费用估计达()亿美元，是所有心血管和肿瘤患者费用的两2.C 倍。 ;;;A 1000 B 500 C 2100 D 8000 对创伤急救来讲，病人的生命取决于我们是否很好地处理了()步骤。3.A 关键的;所有的;一般的;全部的;A B C D 下列哪一项不是汽车撞击伤的事件。()4.D 汽车碰撞;机体碰撞;器官碰撞;连续碰撞A B C D ()是在事故中汽车可以伤及司机最致命的武器5.B 挡风玻璃;方向盘;刹车踏板;离合器ABCD 由于固定韧带的牵拉，下列哪个器官的损伤很常见。()6.C 肺脏;胆囊;脾脏;阑尾ABCD 挤压伤不常发生于()7.D 肺;心;膈肌;空虚的膀胱AB CD 事故中汽车控制板造成的损伤最常见()8.D 胸部;腹部;头部;膝盖ABCD 乘客抛离座位时较没有抛离座位时死亡率增加()倍9.B ;;;A 2 B 25 C 40 D 10 摩托车事故中()是,摩托车死亡事故的原因。10.A75 头部外伤;胸部外伤;腹部外伤;脊柱外伤A B C D 跌落伤的机制是()的剧烈减速。11.B 水平方面;垂直方面;旋转方面;抛物线性的ABCD 跌落伤伤势不取决于下列哪个因素()12.D 跌落的高度;撞击地面的部位;地面的形态;跌落者的体重ABCD 刀伤中，第()肋间以下的胸外伤也会累及腹腔脏器。13.C 二;三;四;五A B C D 枪弹伤不包括()14D 入口伤;出口伤;内伤;外伤ABCD 爆炸伤中由气体冲击造成的损伤哪项不常见()15.D 膈膜破裂;气胸;胃肠道的损伤;骨折ABCD 刀伤的处理，重要原则是()16.A kills requirements name name heart lungasic scardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) bnts: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with iremepathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requ lopment of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology,asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new deve-tispasmodic and antiency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, anemerg mergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of commonf application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common ema life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology oncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trau13 不要取出刺入体内的刀具;取出刺入体内的刀具AB 快速输液;包扎伤口C D 在抢救现场或伤员刚送到急诊室时应:17.(C) 病史采集;全面而详细的检查;迅速判断有无威胁生命的征象ABC 现场复苏成功的判断依据为:18.(C) 大动脉搏动扪及;心电图表现为心室纤维颤动;自主循环恢复ABC 心搏骤停的判断依据为:19.(B) 意识丧失;无脉搏心电活动()或直线;紫绀ABPEAC 以下哪个原因不会引起气道不通畅:20.(A) 喉或气管的软骨骨折;休克;颅脑损伤ABC 急救人员到达创伤现场后，首要的任务是:21.(B) 安全地运送;除去正在威胁病人生命的因素;骨折固定ABC 以下情况不应终止评估过程的是:22. (C) 呼吸道梗阻;心搏骤停;神志不清ABC 开放气道的方法错误的是:23.(C) 仰头举颌法;仰头抬颈法;仰头举枕法ABC 创伤病人再估计的重点有:24. (C) 腹膜后脏器的损伤;继发颅内、胸腹腔内出血;以上都是ABC 以下不是评价创伤病人严重程度的方法:25. (A) ;;A EMSSB APACHEC ISS 导致多发伤病人死亡的首要因素是:26. (A) 颅脑损伤;胸部损伤;四肢骨盆、脊柱脊髓损伤ABC (呼吸道吸引一般每一次持续时间不能超过()秒，完毕后立即让病人重新吸氧。()27 A ;15 10 30 25 (插入口咽管时开放气道的方法哪些是错误的。()28C 上台下巴舌头牵拉器喉镜用方法 Scissor (使用简易面罩通气开通氧气瓶，速度维持在左右。()29------L/minD (((( A2-3 B3-5 C7-10 D11-12 (用口面罩方式进行通气，吸气时间保持在秒，呼气时间约秒。()30—--------A (A1.5~2, 1.5~4 (B1~1.5, 1~3 (C1.5~2, 1.5~2 D 1~1.5, 2~3 (囊瓣面罩通气时用双手挤压球囊，使通气量保持在。()31--------mlB (A600—800 (B800—1000 (C1000—1200 (D1200—1500 (当怀疑插管位置有问题时，可进行以下判断方法哪些是错误的()32-----B basic skills requirements name name heart lung a. (2)ng with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmiequirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisonitudy rtiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of snew development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome easthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the -etic, antispasmodic and antion emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diurf commcommon emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects onology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; ma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency techncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trau14 上腹部听诊不应该听到呼吸音 胸骨切迹听诊不能听到呼吸音 胸骨切迹压迫触诊导管气囊能感觉到压力波动 可利用洗耳球和监测器来帮助诊断CO2 (下面哪些叙述是不对的()33 D 密切观测患者的皮肤颜色，脉搏氧饱和度监测和心电监护也可以很好地发现插管异常 用洗耳球来判断插管位置，若挤压后连接到气管插管上的洗耳球，放手后很快就膨胀，说明 可能在气管内 针筒排空后连接到导管，若回抽针芯很容易，说明插管是成功的 监测器检测呼出气体如果有颜色改变证明插管在食道内。CO2 (下列关于插管过程的描述哪些是错误的34 (C) (助手固定患者头部，多用方式ASellick (张开下巴，使喉镜从口腔右侧进去，沿舌跟进入咽部B (看到会厌后导管从会厌左侧进入，声门一张开就顺势插入导管，直到声带下左右C5cm (导管前端气囊充气，固定导管，并检查导管位置是否正确。D (处理创伤病人首先要注意的是;35 止血A 气道通畅B 建立液体通道C 制动D (使用气管导管开放气道首选:36 鼻咽插管A 口咽插管B 盲插导管C 气管内导管D (普通体形成年人，门齿到气管隆突的距离;37 A 20cm B 22cm C 25cm D 15cm (囊瓣面罩和储气袋联合使用，可以使氧和达到;38 ,,,,A 40 B 50 C 60 D 90 (正常成年人的潮气量:39 A 300-500 ml B 400-600 ml C 600-800 ml D 500-700ml (气管异物容易发生的部位;41 ( D) 气管A 左主支气管B 右主支气管C 中间支气管D (大脑组织缺氧后发生不可逆时间一般为;()42D 分钟分钟分钟分钟A 1 B 2 C 3 D 5 (气管插管可以引起除下列那种之外的各种反射;()45 D 咳嗽反射A 吞咽反射B 呕吐反射C 膝健反射D (胸腔是由队肋骨向后与胸椎相连，向前与胸骨相连围成的骨性空腔。()46 C 对对对对A 10 B 11 C 12 D 13 (成人的胸膜腔各侧均能容纳约的液体。()47 C 升升升升A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 kills requirements name name heart lungasic scardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) bnts: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with iremepathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requ lopment of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology,asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new deve-tispasmodic and antiency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, anemerg mergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of commonf application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common ema life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology oncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trau15 (最常见的胸部外伤是。()48 C 气胸A 血胸B 单纯肋骨骨折C 心肌挫伤D (胸部外伤后最常见的两种症状为。()49 B 胸痛和休克胸痛和呼吸困难A B 呼吸困难和咯血休克和咯血C D (张力性气胸的急救处理是应该立即。()50 A 排气A 气管插管B 补液C 胸廓固定D (对于考虑心包填塞的患者，以下处理那个是错误的。()51 D 保持气道通畅和供养快速转运A B 适当补充血容量现场心包减压C D (下列外伤那个不是致命的。()52 B 张力性气胸A 单纯肋骨骨折B 心包填塞C 主动脉破裂D (心包填塞的三联症不包括下列选项中那一点。()53 C 低血压A 颈静脉怒张B 胸痛C 心音遥远D (大量血胸的症状和体征主要表现为。()54 A 胸痛和昏迷低血容量和胸痛 A B 呼吸损害和昏迷低血容量和呼吸损害C D (张力性气胸在危急状况下可用一粗针头在患侧第肋间锁骨中线处刺入胸膜腔。()55 A :::: A 2 B3 C4 D5 下列哪项不是张力性气胸紧急减压的适应症,()C 呼吸窘迫和肺萎陷 桡动脉搏动消失(晚期休克) 胸痛 意识水平逐渐下降 张力性气胸紧急减压的并发症不包括,()B 肋间血管损伤A 肋骨骨折B 肺破裂C 感染D. 张力性气胸紧急减压时穿刺导管最小长度是,()B 3cm 5cm 7cm 9cm 在外伤病人的评估中，以下那些设备往往是必需的。------A,B,C,D 个人防护设备A 吸氧和气道处理器BC 创伤急救箱D basic skills requirements name name heart lung a. (2)ng with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmiequirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisonitudy rtiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of snew development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome easthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the -etic, antispasmodic and antion emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diurf commcommon emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects onology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; ma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency techncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trau16 初步病情评估中，病人有以下哪些情况可以确定需要优先处理。------A,B,C,D 意识不清 呼吸困难 周围循环灌注不足 高危人群(幼年、老年、或有慢性病患者) 快速全身外伤检查发现以下哪些情况需立即运送病人到医院。------A,B,C,D 胸腹部检查发现连枷胸、开放性穿透伤、张力性气胸、血胸等 腹部明显膨隆且有压痛 骨盆不稳定 双侧股骨骨折 (以下哪些情况属于危急需要现场立刻处理。62------A,C,D 通畅呼吸道 疼痛控制 包裹好身体 人工心脏按压 (以下哪些属于初步病情评估的目的。63------A,B,C,D (初步了解病人A (发现有生命危险的损伤B (指导首先进行什么处理C 指导是否要立刻送往医院D. (初步病情评估中发现有以下哪些情况应该立即运送病人到医院。64------A,B,C,D 意识不清 呼吸困难 休克 难以控制的大出血 (以下哪些属于系统的全身检查应该包括的步骤。65------ A,B,C,D 再次 记录 混凝土 养护记录下载土方回填监理旁站记录免费下载集备记录下载集备记录下载集备记录下载 生命体征 神经系统检查 进行心电监护 从头到脚的详细检查 (呼吸道评估以下正确的有哪些。66------ A,B,C,D 病人不能说话或是意识不清，应立即评价呼吸道情况 急救组长应该立即摆正患者头部位置使呼吸道通畅 当怀疑有颈椎损伤时，禁止牵拉颈部 怀疑有呼吸道梗阻时，要立刻改变头位，扣出口咽部内容物吸痰等使呼吸道通畅 (循环评估以下正确的有哪些。67------ A,B,C,D 呼吸道通畅、呼吸稳定后，立刻了解脉搏情况 如果病人清醒，外周动脉搏动触诊清楚，不必要行颈动脉触诊 如果在颈部不能触及动脉搏动，应立即进行胸外心脏按压 四肢皮肤苍白湿冷提示有休克 (以下快速全身创伤检查正确的有哪些68------ A,B,C,D 主要检查头颈部损伤 发现有血胸，以立即处理 发现有张力性气胸，应立即处理 一旦发现骨盆有不稳定性，立刻停止骨盆检查 (以下关于意识改变的检查正确的有哪些69------ A,B,C,D 如果发生意识改变，立刻进行神经系统检查 常规要行即刻血糖检测 要注意低血糖、药物中毒等创伤之外因素引起的意识改变 行格拉斯昏迷评分 (以下快速全身创伤检查正确的有哪些70------ A,B,C,D cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) bnts: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with iremepathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requ lopment of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology,asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new deve-tispasmodic and antiency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, anemerg mergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of commonf application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common ema life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology oncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior traukills requirements name name heart lungasic s17 评估头颈胸腹骨盆和四肢 主要检查头颈部损伤 发现有连枷胸，以立即处理 快速暴露和检查腹部，触诊腹部有无压痛，肌卫等。 (骨内输注禁忌症是: ()71C 心脏骤停;A 需长途转运者;B 骨髓炎;C 不能快速获得周围静脉通路者D (以下四项中那项不是骨内输注的并发症: ()72D 腹腔输注;A 脓毒血症;B 脂肪栓塞;C 颅内感染D (关于骨内输注以下那项是错误的: ()73C 骨内输注可引起骨髓炎;A 有心脏骤停者是骨内输注适应症;B 骨内输注不需要在压力测定下输注液体;C 骨内穿刺的部位为邻近胫骨，中线或轻度中线内侧胫骨粗隆下一指宽D (颈外静脉插管的适应症是: ()74D 骨髓炎;A 脓毒血症;B 急性菌痢;C 没有合适的周围静脉然需静脉通路的病人D 关于颈外静脉插管操作下列那一项是不正确的: ()C 体位为仰卧位;A 除颈椎受伤者外，头应转向对侧;B 穿刺针指向锁骨中外三分之一连接处;C 有颈椎损伤危险时，颈圈应放在静脉置管之上D (颈外静脉插管的最佳体位是: ()76B 仰卧位;A 头低位;B 头高位;C 侧卧位D 颅前窝骨折时，淤血区域多发生于: 、眼睑;、结膜下;、颞、颞下区;、枕下、乳突区。A B C D ()A 、颅后窝骨折时，常发生:78 、鼻漏;、耳漏;、鼻漏或耳漏;、均能发生。A B C D ()B 、脑脊液在哪两个脑膜之间:79 、硬脑膜和软脑膜之间;、硬脑膜和蛛网膜之间;、软脑膜和蛛网膜之间;A B C 、蛛网膜和脑组织之间D ()C 、损伤颅脑的早期反应:80 、肿胀;、缺血;、淤血;、充血A B C D ()A 、脑损伤的患者的通气频率最好为:81 、、、、A10-15/mins B10-12/mins C12-15/mins D15-18/mins ()B 、脑疝可能出现在颅内压大于:82 basic skills requirements name name heart lung a. (2)ng with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmiequirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisonitudy rtiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of snew development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome easthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the -etic, antispasmodic and antion emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diurf commcommon emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects onology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; ma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency techncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trau18 、、、、A15mmHg B20mmHg C25mmHg D30mmHg ()C 、大脑灌注压()依赖于:83CPP 、平均动脉压;;颅内压;、平均动脉压和颅内压;A B C 、不确定。D ()C 、必须保持脑灌注压至少在多少以上:84 、、、、A40mmHg B50mmHg C60mmHg D70mmHg ()C 、为保持颅脑创伤病人的大脑灌注压，应保持收缩压为:85 、;、;、;A80-90mmHg B90-100mmHg C100-110mmHg 、D110-120mmHg ()D 、过度通气主要应用于:86 、所有脑外伤;、蛛网膜下出血;、弥散性轴索损伤A B C 、脑疝D ()D 、已经有低氧血症和低血压纠正的脑疝病人出现以下的任何一项或者更多的临床体征时，87 该实施过度通气: 、伸展姿势的外伤性颅脑损伤病人(去大脑姿势)AGCS<9 、不对称(或者双侧)，扩张或者没有反应的瞳孔的外伤性颅脑损伤病人BGCS<9 、初期的而后下降超过两点的外伤性颅脑损伤病人。CGCS<9GCS 、都是。 D ()D 、弛缓性瘫痪经常提示:88 、脊髓损伤;、脑干损伤;、脑皮质损伤;、脑灰质损伤A B C D ()A 、颅脑穿刺性损伤的颅骨穿刺物应该:89 、立刻取出穿刺物并立刻转运患者;A 、立刻去处穿刺物外露部分并立刻转运患者;B 、立刻表明穿刺物入口后取出穿刺物并立刻转运患者C 、穿刺物应被固定在原地并患者立即转运D ()D 、小儿体表面积计算与成人的不同点是:90E 、头大，躯干小A 、头大，四肢、躯干相似B 、头大、四肢小C 、头大，四肢、躯干小D 、头大，下肢小，躯干相似E 、中度烧伤指:91C 、烧伤面积以下A??9% 、烧伤面积B??10%~19% 、烧伤面积，，面积不足C??10%~29%??10% 、总面积D30%~39% 、总面积以上E50% 、大面积严重烧伤病人转运前应首先()92C 持续中心静脉压测定A. 彻底清创B. 建立输液途径C. 消毒敷料包扎创面以免再感染D. 、下列对颅脑外伤患者处理不当的是()93D kills requirements name name heart lungasic scardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) bnts: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with iremepathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requ lopment of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology,asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new deve-tispasmodic and antiency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, anemerg mergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of commonf application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common ema life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology oncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trau19 避免用力咳嗽颅底骨折，取头高位卧床休息A.B. 缺血性脑血管病取平卧位脊椎损伤患者应平卧于软床上C.D. 对躁动病人要使用约束带E. 、静息状态下，颅内压正常范围为()。94D A.130-260 mmH2O B.140-400 mmH2O C.170-300 mmH2O D.70-200 mmH2O 、单纯脑震荡伤，按伤情分类属()。95A 轻度颅脑损伤中度颅脑损伤A.B. 重度颅脑损伤特重度颅脑损伤C.D. 、用中国新九分法计算烧伤面积，下列哪些是正确的,()96E 成人头颈部表面积为(一个)A.9%9% 成人双上肢为(个)B.18%29% 成人躯干(含会阴)为(三个)C.1%27%9% 成人双下肢(含臀部)为(五个)D.46%9%+1% 以上都对E. 、颅内压增高综合征典型者表现包括如下:97E (呕吐(头痛A B (视乳头水肿(血压升高C D (以上都是E 、某患者左前臂烧伤后局部出现水疱，水疱破裂后见基底部红润、潮湿，疼痛剧烈且感觉98 过敏，日后愈合，局部遗留色素沉着，无瘢痕，则其烧伤深度划分应属()10 B (度(浅度AI B? (深度(度C? D? 度E.? 、昏迷的主要特征是()99E (意识丧失(随意运动消失A B (对外界刺激减缓或无反应(大小便失禁C D (以上都是E 、不属于昏迷的院外救护措施为()100D (合适的体位(畅通气道A B (禁食(骨折复位C D (建立静脉通道E 、以下不属于深昏迷的为()101E (全身肌肉松弛(对外界任何刺激无反应A B (各种反射消失(生命体征不稳定C D (全身肌肉紧张E 、下列那种骨折是颅骨骨折中最严重的一种()。102A (颅后窝骨折(颅前窝骨折A B (颅中窝骨折(以上都不是C D 、老年人的脉压差较年轻人为大这主要是由于()103E (老年人的循环血量较少(老年人的心输出量较少A B (老年人的小动脉弹性降低(老年人的血液粘滞度增大C D (老年人的主动脉和大动脉弹性降低E 、关于昏迷评分方法，描述正确的是()104GCSD 是根据病人睁眼、意识及运动对刺激的不同反应进行打分，然后将三种分相加A. 满分为分，分以下为昏迷B.GCS157 分,分为轻度意识障碍，分,分为中度意识障碍C.1315812 评分小于或等于分者为重症D.8 评分越低，说明病情越轻，预后越好E. 、孕妇妊娠后期子宫增生速度最快的部分是()105A 子宫底部A. basic skills requirements name name heart lung a. (2)ng with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmiequirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisonitudy rtiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of snew development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome easthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the -etic, antispasmodic and antion emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diurf commcommon emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects onology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; ma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency techncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trau20 子宫体部B. 子宫下段C. 子宫颈D. 子宫各部的增长速度基本相同E. 、清创术下列操作哪项是错误的。()106D 、伤口周围油污应用松节油擦去、伤口周围皮肤用碘酒、乙醇消毒。A B 、切除失去活力的组织和明显挫伤的创缘组织。C 、深部伤口不宜扩大、用无菌生理盐水或双氧水冲洗伤口。D E 、有关气管切开术，下哪项不正确()107E 、患者取仰卧位，肩垫高，头后仰、颈伸直A 、皮肤切口以环状软骨下缘至胸骨上切迹稍方。B 、根据气管环为白色，触之有弹性，穿刺抽出气体来辨认气管。C 、自环正中切开气管壁。D2-3 、下呼吸道分泌物阻塞，不适宜气管切开。E 、有关骨折急救处理，下列哪一项错误()108E 、首先应止血及包扎伤口、无夹板时，可用树枝木棍等临时固定支架。A B 、可将伤员上肢缚于胸壁侧面，下肢两腿绑在一起固定。C 、背椎骨折病人最好俯卧位抬送。D 、搬动背椎骨折病人时，应采取一人抱肩，一人抬腿的方法。E 、下述骨折的急救措施不正确的有()109E 、一取处理，首先抢救生命，抢救休克A 、包扎创口，用绑带压迫包扎止血或止血带止血。B 、妥善固定、迅速转运、迅速现场内固定术C D E 、断肢(指)的急救不包括哪几个方面()110E 、止血、包扎、保存断肢(指)、迅速运送A B C D 、输血E 、格拉斯哥()计分法下列哪项是错误的()111GCSD 、总分最低分，最高分、总分越低表示意识障碍越差A315 B 、总分越高预后越好、总分在分以上表示已有昏迷C D8 、诊断颅底骨折的确切依据是伤后出现()112B 、皮下瘀血斑，眼脸或结合膜下成耳后。AC 、鼻腔或外耳道有血性脑脊液外液。B 、鼻腔或外耳道流上C 、颅神经损伤的症状与体征。D 、治疗开放性创伤最基本，最有效的手段和方法()113A 、清创缝合、包扎、抗生素A B C 、上臂上止血带的 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 部位()114A 、上臂的上、上臂的上、上臂的上、上臂的上A1/3 B1/4 C1/2 D1/5 、大腿上的止血带的标准部位()115C 、大腿上、大腿、大腿中下交界处、大腿上A1/3 B1/2 C1/3 D1/4 、下列哪种体征是骨折的专有体征()116D 、肿胀与瘀斑、疼痛与压痛、功能障碍、反常活动、以上都不是A B C D E 、骨盆骨折最危险的并发症是()117A 、骨盆腔出血、膀胱破裂、尿道断裂A B C 、骶丛神经损伤、直肠损伤。D E 、浅昏迷最有价值的体征是()118A 、对疼痛刺激有反应、角膜反射消失、无吞咽反射A B C 、能执行简单的命令D 、手指夹纸试验是检查()119C 、腋科经、挠神经、尺神经、正中神经A B C D 、颅高压的三主征是()120C kills requirements name name heart lungasic scardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) bnts: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with iremepathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requ lopment of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology,asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new deve-tispasmodic and antiency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, anemerg mergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of commonf application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common ema life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology oncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trau21 、无痛、呕吐、眩晕、头痛、呕吐、癫病A B 、头痛、呕吐、视乳头水肿、头痛、呕吐、精神症状C D 、环甲膜穿刺术穿刺针保留时间一取不超过()121 C 、小时、小时、小时、小时A6 B12 C24 D48 、脊柱骨折的正确搬运法()122E 、单人搀扶、双人搀扶、抱扶、背负、平卧式A B C D E 、用帆希拉架指运屈曲型脊柱骨折的病人的，应人应取()123B 、仰卧位、俯卧位、侧卧位、损伤当时的体位。A B C D 二、是非题 创伤是岁以下成人和未成年人死亡的最大原因。(对)1.45 黄金一小时指的是从救护人员开始救治到手术的时间不超过一小时，可以提高患者的存2.“” 活率。(错) 创伤急救时到达现场后首先应该评估现场的安全性。(对)3. 能量交换是造成损伤的根本原因。(对)4. 农村交通意外中穿透伤多见，而城市交通意外中钝性伤多见。(错 )5. 向前运动时急剧减速造成的损伤绝大多数是钝性伤。(对)6. 安全带能够有效减少汽车迎面撞击导致的损伤。(对)7. 汽车仪表板造成的损伤最常见部位是脸部和膝盖。(对)8. 方向盘是在事故中汽车可以伤及司机的最致命武器。(对 )9. 后面碰撞时颈部损伤最常见(对)10. 车祸事故中安全气囊也可能造成乘客损伤。(对)11. 摩托车驾驶者必须带安全帽，它可以有效保护头部和颈部。(错)12. 交通意外时被撞飞的病人死亡率较高。(对)13. 高处跌落时跌落的高度越高，受伤就越重;反之高度越低，受伤也就越轻。( 对)14. 刀伤的急救处理中首先要取出刺入体内的刀具。(错)15. 决定行胸外按压前，只检查生命体征，如呼吸、咳嗽(反射)或对刺激反应，无需检查16. 是否有脉搏。(对) 颈动脉搏动检查结果与患者实际情况可能存在差异，新心肺复苏指南删除检查脉搏的内17. 容，仅依据患者有无反应和基本生命体征就可决定是否行。(对)CPR 急诊病人诊治步骤为先检查后治疗(错)18.“” 超检查可在床旁进行，对腹腔积液、肝脾损伤有较高的识别率，是目前诊断腹部损伤19.B 最有实际价值的检查方法。(对) 受伤早期脑挫伤、颅内小血肿的表现不明显，应短期复查。(错)20.CTMRI 处理意识丧失的成人窒息者，救助者开始即行标准，如胸外按压，无需腹式冲击或21.CPR 盲目用手清除口中异物。(对) 张力性气胸不会导致休克。(错)22. 选择插管通气方法应依据患者的临床情况，转运到医院急诊所需的时间和急救人员的实23. 际经验、专业技能而定，但气囊面罩给氧是必需熟练掌握的操作技能。(对) 使用止血带者应记录上止血带时间，并每隔小时放松分钟。(错)24.1.55~10 气管插管的通气方式是复苏的金标准。(错)25.“” 手动吸引装置的处理应该是当把吸引管经鼻或经口插入时，此时不开通吸引器。(对)26. 选择鼻咽管的尺寸应该是只要能通过病人的鼻腔，尺寸越大越好。可以参考病人的无名27. 指。(错) 选择口咽管的适合尺寸，可以把从病人嘴角到外耳的距离作为参考。(对)28. 气管插管后应该立即听诊上腹部和左右腋中线这三个部位以明确插管是否成功。(对)29. 不管是任何方式的插管，医护人员都要穿戴橡胶手套。(对)30. 插管前的准备包括导管必须被事先导入导管中的有弹性的铁丝牵拉成型。(对)31.J 插管前的准备包括导管必须要注入约气体以检查气囊是否正常。(错)32.15ml 鼻插管成人一般选用内径的导管。(对)33.7.0 呼吸道是人鼻孔嘴唇开始止于肺泡膜(对)34. 肺泡膜是空气和毛细血管发生氧气交换的场所(对)35. basic skills requirements name name heart lung a. (2)ng with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmiequirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisonitudy rtiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of snew development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome easthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the -etic, antispasmodic and antion emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diurf commcommon emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects onology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; ma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency techncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trau22 会厌两端各有一个甲状软骨气管插管可能会使其穿孔(错)36. 普通体形的成年人门齿到声带的距离(错)37.25CM 二氧化碳储留使脑血管扩张引起颅内压增高(对)38. 很多外伤病人尤其有颈椎制动的患者都存在较高的气道阻力的危险(对)39. 口咽导管是需要辅助通气患者的首选通气方式(错)40. 当有肺受伤时，即使二氧化碳分布正常，也可能存在缺氧(对)41. 插管进入左主支气管时，影响通气效果(对)42. 囊瓣面罩通气一个最大优点是气体输送量大(错)43. 呼吸道处理的常有设备必须遵循两个原则:时刻出院备用状态和随时可以获得(对)44. 单向活瓣面罩吸氧，以为氧流量，氧浓度可以达到(对)45.12-15L/min60-90% 张力性气胸的处理包括气管插管、给氧、辅助通气、快速转运。(错)46. 肋间动静脉走行于每一肋的上缘，尖针可以引起这些血管出血。(错)47. 张力性气胸紧急减压部位首选锁骨中线第二或第三肋间。(对)48. 对于严重创伤病人，现场处理时间不应该超过分钟(对)49.5 初步病情评估的目的是初步了解病人及发现有生命危险的损伤，以指导首先进行什么处50. 理，是否要立刻送往医院。(对) 病情的监测在危重病人每隔分钟要记录一次症状和体征的改变。(错)51.10 病情的监测在病情稳定病人每隔分钟记录一次症状和体征的改变。(对)52.15 如果病人不能说话或是意识不清，应该立即评估呼吸道情况。(对)53. 不是所有的多系统损伤病人都要使用高流量吸氧。(错)54. 如果创伤机制明确病情只是局限于机体某个部分，在完成初步病情了解后，要局部检查55. 病人的受伤部位为主，不必行系统的其他脏器检查。(对) 如果引起外伤的机制复杂而严重，可确定病人需要优先处理(对)56. 老年外伤病人需要优先处理对57.----- 经初步病情评估及快速全身外伤检查发现病人有骨盆不稳定情况，应立即运送病人到医58. 院。(对) 经初步病情评估及快速全身外伤检查发现病人腹部明显膨隆且有压痛，应立即运送病人到医院。(对) 经初步病情评估及快速全身外伤检查发现病人有双侧股骨骨折，应立即运送病人到医院。59. (对) 液体和药物骨髓腔内输注是一项快速安全、有效的输注药物、液体和血液的途径。 60. (对) 骨髓腔内输注药物因其流速比常规外周静脉输注快，故在成人中能被用作快速补容替代。 61. (错) 骨髓腔内输注因能提供一稳定的锚定骨骼通路，故在长途转运和搬动中不易移动，较静62. 脉输注的稳定性更好。 (对) 长条复苏带污染后不能用来消毒处理。 (错)63. 在应用长条复苏带时，常将病人处于仰卧位。 (对)64. 颈外静脉线性走行于下颌角到锁骨中外三分之一交界处。(错) 65. 心包填塞的三联症是低血压、心音遥远、颈静脉怒张。(对)66. 气胸一般可以分为闭合性、开放性、张力性气胸。(对)67. 胸部外伤一般根据是否穿破壁层胸膜造成胸膜腔与外界相通而分为开放性、闭合性。(对)68. 多根肋骨多处骨折后，前侧胸壁可因失去支撑而软化出现反常呼吸，即吸气时软化区的69. 胸壁内陥，呼气时则相反，软化区向外鼓出，这类胸廓又称连枷胸。(对) 张力性气胸的急救处理是立即排气。(对)70. 胸部外伤中，最常见的外伤是单纯肋骨骨折。(对)71. 胸部外伤后最常见的两种症状为胸痛、呼吸困难。(对)72. 开放性气胸的急救处理原则是使开放性气胸转变为闭合性气胸。(对)73. 张力性气胸紧急排气的穿刺点一般在患侧锁骨中线第肋间。(对)74.2 胸部外伤合并有隔肌及(或)腹部脏器外伤者统称胸腹联合伤。(对)75. 大脑的活动度顶部大于基底部。(对)76. kills requirements name name heart lungasic scardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) bnts: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with iremepathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requ lopment of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology,asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new deve-tispasmodic and antiency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, anemerg mergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of commonf application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common ema life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology oncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trau23 脑脊液在软脑膜和硬脑膜之间起缓冲保护作用。(错)77. 继发性脑损害是低氧血症或脑组织灌注降低引起的。(对)78. 损伤颅脑的早期反应是肿胀，在早期应尽力维持颅脑灌注压(对)79. 在脑外伤病人中使用过度通气(降低二氧化碳)被认为会降低脑肿胀，促进脑血流，都80. 应早期应用。(错) 脑外伤病人应给予高流量氧气支持。(对)81. 当颅内压升高到时危险性明显增高，而脑疝可能出现在以上的压力下。82.15mmHg25mmHg(对) 必须保持脑灌注压至少在，这个需要保持颅脑创伤病人收缩压至少,83.60mmHg110 。(对)120mmHg 脑疝综合症是唯一可以行过度通气治疗的情况。成人必须每秒通气一次(次分)，84.[320/儿童每一次次分，婴儿更快(一次(次分)。(对)2s(30/)17s35/] 严重钝器引起颅脑创伤的最常见的损伤类型是弥散性轴索损伤。(对)85. 大脑长于,分钟缺氧将导致不可逆的脑损伤。(对)86.46 对于颅脑损伤首先应实施加压包扎或者直接绑带压迫止血，以减少出血防止低血压低灌87. 注的发生。(错) 熊猫眼合并或者不合并从鼻腔液体流出时应行鼻胃管或者鼻气管插管以减少误吸和鼻气88. 道堵塞的可能。(错) 颅内压增高的最早征象是单侧瞳孔扩张并对光反射消失。(错)89. 一旦发生颅底骨折肯定有脑脊液耳漏而不一定有脑脊液鼻漏。(错)90. 如果你能监测二氧化碳，尽量保持二氧化碳在,之间。(对)91.3540mmHg 不安躁动的病人在对抗运动限制或者机械通气时会增加他们的颅内压，并引起进一步颈92..髓损伤的风险，因此应应用巴比妥酸盐镇静。(错) 颅脑创伤后如果双侧瞳孔扩张，对光反射消失，病人可能有脑干损伤，预后差。(对)93. 如果病人意识水平正常，扩张的瞳孔不是由于颅脑创伤，更可能是眼窝的损伤或者药物94. 比如阿托品等造成的。(对) 在插管前分钟静脉输注利多卡因()有助于阻止颅内压的升高，在开始插管95.1-21mg/kg 前，予以高流量氧气通气(不是过度通气)。(对) 大部分头皮出血能够通过直接压迫被轻易地控制。(对)96. 扎止血带的标准位置在上肢为上臂上，下肢为股中、下交界处(对)97.1/31/3 上臂中、下部扎止血带容易损伤挠神经，应视为禁区(对)1/3 上止血带的松紧，应该以出血停止，远端以不能摸到脉博为度(对) 使用充气止血带，成人上肢需维持在(对)300mmlg 使用充气止血带，成人下肢以为宜(对)500mmlg 上止血带持续时间，原则上应尽量缩短使用上止血带的时间，通常可允许小时左右，98.1最长不宜超过小时(对)3 止血带可以接缠在皮肤上，上止血带的相应部位要有衬垫:如三面巾、毛巾、衣服等均99. 可(对) 骨折后由于骨的连续性中断，局部出现畸形、骨擦音、弹性固定(错)100. 畸形，骨擦音和异常活动是骨折的三大特点(对)101. 骨折急救时，及时固定至关重要，可防止骨折的断端活动而造成的损伤，减轻疼痛，防102. 止休克(对) 胸椎和腰柱的活动范围仅次于颈椎(对)103.11-12 不稳定背柱骨折容易造成背髓神经损伤(对)104. 背柱损伤、瘫痪后，损伤平面以下运动，感觉完全或部分丧失(对)105. 关节活动功能障碍是关节脱位的特有体征(错)106. 颈椎的活动范围最大，能够旋转，前后伸屈和左右侧弯(对)107. 骨盆骨折应把抢救创伤性出血性休克放在第一位(对)108. 止血带压力不足可加重出血(对)109. 三、简答题 、颅高压危象的典型临床表现是什么,1 basic skills requirements name name heart lung a. (2)ng with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmiequirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisonitudy rtiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of snew development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome easthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the -etic, antispasmodic and antion emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diurf commcommon emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects onology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; ma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency techncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trau24 喷射性呕吐，头痛，视乳头水肿 ，颅脑外伤病人的院前急救处理应注意哪些方面,2 ()(开放气道和提供足够的氧气。1 ()(固定病人，限制颈部的运动。2 ()(适当镇静。3 ()(详细记录原始资料。4 ()(开通两路大口径静脉通道。5 ，简述昏迷分级的评分标准,3Glasgow 本法主要依据对睁眼、言语刺激的回答及命令动作的情况对意识障碍的程度进行评诂的方法。其检查内容及评估法，总分分，最低分。按得分多少，评定其意识障碍程度。,15313分为较度障碍，,分为中度障碍，,分为重度障碍(多呈昏迷状态)。1491238 一睁眼反应:能自行睁眼(分)4 呼之能睁眼(分)3 刺痛能睁眼(分)2 不能睁眼(分)。1 二语言反应:回答正确(分) 5 回答错误(分)4 吐词不清(分)3 有音无语(分)2 不能发音(分)1 三运动反应:遵命动作(分) 6 定位动作(分)5 肢体回缩(分)4 肢体屈曲(分)3 肢体过伸(分)2 无反应(分)1 ，简述原发和继发脑损害的区别 6 原发性脑损伤指暴力作用于头部时立即发生的脑损伤，主要有脑震荡、脑挫裂伤及原发性脑干损伤等。继发性脑损伤指受伤定时间后出现的脑受损病变，主要有脑水肿和颅内血— 肿。区别原发性和继发性脑损伤有重要临床意义，院前急救时要时刻关注和避免继发性脑损伤的发生。 ，简述烧伤程度的分级7 根据烧伤深度和皮肤反应，烧伤可分为一度烧伤、二度烧伤和三度烧伤。 一度烧伤为表皮角质层、透明层、颗粒层的小范围损伤，但是也有严重的疼痛炎症反应。 二度烧伤为表皮全层损伤伴真皮层不同深度的损伤。二度烧伤的愈合一般不留疤痕。 三度烧伤为全层皮肤烧伤包括全层表皮和全层真皮层，不残留皮肤细胞层，故由皮肤细胞生长促进愈合是不可能的。所有三度烧伤愈合后形成疤痕，造成四肢畸形。 ，简述如何用九分法和手掌法估计烧伤面积8 为了正确处理热烧伤，首先要判断烧伤的面积和深度，面积的估计，以烧伤区占体表面积,表示。常用的有中国新九分法和手掌法。 新九分法是将人体各部分别定为右干个,。手掌法是以伤者本人的一个手掌(指并9 kills requirements name name heart lungasic scardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) bnts: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with iremepathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requ lopment of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology,asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new deve-tispasmodic and antiency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, anemerg mergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of commonf application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common ema life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology oncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trau25 拢)占体表面积,估计，常用于小面积烧伤计算。1 、断肢(指)的保存方法9 用无菌或清洗敷料包扎好，放入塑料袋中后，再放在加盖的容器内，外围充以冰块，但勿使断肢(指)与冰块直接接触，以防冻伤，不要用任何液体浸泡断肢(指) 、有哪些急救止血法,10 、手压止血法、加压包扎止血法、强屈关节止血法1 2 3 、填塞止血法、止血带法4 5 、常用的止血带有哪些类型,11 、橡皮管止血带、弹性橡皮带、充气止血带1 2 3 、四肢骨折固定目的是什么,12 ()避免骨折端在搬运时，由于位置移动而更多地损伤软组织，血管、神经或内脏。1 ()骨折固定后即可止痛，有利于防止休克2 ()便于运输。3 、脊柱骨折如何移动，搬运才是正确的,13 ()先使伤员两下肢伸直，两上肢也伸直放身旁，木板或门板放在伤员一侧，两至三人扶1 伤员躯干使成一整体滚动，移于木板上，注意不要使躯干扭转，或三人用手同时将伤员直托至木板上，禁止用搂抱或一人抬头，一人抬足的方法，因为这些方法将增加脊柱的弯曲，加重推脊和脊髓的损伤。 、简述创伤急救的原则,14 ()抢救生命第一，确保伤员安全1 ()预防和及时治疗并发症2 ()用最简便和可靠的方法进行抢救，尽可能争取时间，避免因进行抢救而引起新的创伤。3 第四部分急救综合 一、选择题 下列哪些因素不会引起烧伤,()1. D 热水强酸电流氟乙酰胺 A B C D 下列哪些要怀疑脊柱损伤的可能:()2. ABCD 机动车事故中的受伤者超过站立高度的地方坠落 A B 外伤后颈部或背部疼痛外伤后主诉肢体麻木无力感 C D 年和指南中对哪些病人推荐进行起搏治疗,()3. 2005CPRECC A 有症状的心动过缓心脏停搏 A B 心室颤动阵发性室上性心动过速C D basic skills requirements name name heart lung a. (2)ng with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmiequirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisonitudy rtiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of snew development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome easthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the -etic, antispasmodic and antion emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diurf commcommon emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects onology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; ma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency techncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trau26 关于给药途径，下列哪个说法是正确的,()4. B 心内注射优于静脉注射中心静脉优于外周静脉 A B 骨内注射剂量是静脉注射的,倍所有的药物均可经支气管给药 C 23 D 年和指南中关于肾上腺素和血管加压素，下列哪个说法是正确的,()5. 2005CPRECCB 沿无资料表明血管加压素是有效的 A 时血管加压素可代替第一次或第二次肾上腺素B CPR 推荐使用的血管加压素剂量为C 10u 血管加压素使用剂量越大，心肺复苏成功率越高D 下列哪些属于缓发性灾难性事故,()6. A 环境污染地震车祸坠机 A B C D 地震损伤中，下列哪一个发生率最高,()7. D 软组织挫伤肝挫裂伤颅内出血骨折 A B C D 院前急救箱每种急救药物配制数量以多少为宜:()8. B ,支,支,支,支 A 13 B 35 C 510 D 1020 急救箱所配制器械及药物在紧急情况下能完成下列哪些操作:()9. D 气管切开胸腔闭式引流开胸心脏按压环甲膜穿刺 A B C D 有关雷击伤说法哪个是错误的:()10. C 雷击伤可出现皮肤闪电纹可造成心跳停止 A B 雷击放电时间约为,可造成鼓膜穿孔，视网膜剥离 C 100500ms D 神经毒性军用毒剂如沙林，其中毒机制是:()11. B 抑制细胞膜，通道抑制体内胆碱酯酶活性 A Na B 产生高铁血红蛋白引起肺损伤， C D ARDS 有关失能性毒剂中毒，下列哪些药物无效:()12. BZ B 复苏平阿托品毒扁豆碱氯丙嗪 A B C D 光气中毒主要引起:()13. B 消化道出血急性肺水肿心肌梗死黄疸 A B C D 生物武器所致传染病的流行特点有:()14. D 传染源易查传播途径与自然传染病一致 A B 发现病情后治疗简单人群免疫力普遍低下 C D 核辐射损伤，单次照射剂量在以上才可能出现放射病。()15. C ,,,, A 1025cGy B 2550cGy C 50100cGy D 100200cGy 除外，下列哪些人对放射线抵抗力较差,()16. D 幼儿孕妇老人女性 A B C D 重度脊髓型急性放射病极期开始的标志有:()17. C asic scardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) bnts: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with iremepathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requ lopment of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology,asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new deve-tispasmodic and antiency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, anemerg mergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of commonf application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common ema life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology oncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior traukills requirements name name heart lung27 ,皮肤粘膜充血 A WBC3×109/L B 发热、呕吐、腹泻头晕、乏力、食欲下降 C D 经口气管插管应用时间一般不超过。()18. B 周月 A 24h B 72h C 1 D 1 阻塞性通气功能障碍的病人机械通气时，呼吸机的吸呼比应调整为。()19. D :,::,::,::,: A 2111 B 1111.5 C 11.512.0 D 12.012.5 关于吸气未屏气(或吸气平台)下列哪些说法是正确的,()20. A 有利于气体分布不利于气体弥散 A B 时间过长会降低气道平均压 C 有利于雾化药物在肺内分布但不利于弥散 C 经口气管插管机械通气的病人突然出现全身发绀，下降至,，下列哪个原21. SpO3040%2 因可能性最大, ()C 血氧饱和度监护仪故障呼吸机通气参数设置不当 A B 气管插管脱出气道痉挛 C D 当机械通气的病人出现通气不足，,时，下列哪些处理是不正确的,()22. PCO50mmHg C 2 去除气道分泌物增加潮气量 A B 缩短呼气时间增加呼吸频率 C D (正常心电轴范围为。()33 B ,,,, A -30?-90? B -30?+90? C 0?+90? D -30?0? 关于异常下列说法正确的是:()23. Q C 各导联波时间,，振幅大于同导联中波的，均为异常波 A q0.04sR1/4Q 、不应出现波、波 B ??QQS 、不应出现波，但可呈波C VVQQS 12 、不应出现波、波D VVQQS 56 室性心动过速的特点有哪些,()24. ABCD 频率多在,次分波宽大畸形 A 140200/ B QRS 波与波分离偶尔出现心房夺获或室性融合波 C PQRS D 下列哪项不是高血钾的常见心电图表现:()25. B 间期缩短和波高尖波群变窄 A QTT B QRS 间期延长室速、室扑、室颤 C QT D 洋地黄效应心电图表现有:26. ()A 段下垂压低波双向或高尖 A ST B T basic skills requirements name name heart lung a. (2)ng with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmiequirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisonitudy rtiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of snew development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome easthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the -etic, antispasmodic and antion emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diurf commcommon emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects onology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; ma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency techncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trau28 间期延长间期缩短，波起始有波 C QT D PRQRSdelta 型房室传导阻滞主要表现有:()27. ??? D 波有规律地脱落 A P 间期逐渐缩短，直至脱落一个波群 B PRQRS 间期逐渐延长C R-R 漏搏后房室传导阻滞得到一定程度改善D 室性期前收缩的心电图表现有:()28. ABCD 期前出现的波前无波或相关的波 A QRS-TPP 期前出现的波形态宽大畸形，时限通常大于 B QRS-T0.12s 波与波主波方向相反C TQRS 代偿间歇完全D 下列哪些情况不会影响脉搏血氧饱和度()监测数值的准确性,()29. SpO C 2 低血压亚硝酸盐中毒上呼吸道感染中毒 A B C D CO 关于测血压，下列哪个说法是错误的,()30. C 袖带过小将导致一个错误的、较正常过高的测量值 A 无创血压监测可能导致尺神经损伤 B 重度低血压、顽固性休克亦可用无创血压监测C 无创血压在测量过程中，患者尽量不要动D 下列关于有创血压监测哪些是不正确的,()31. B 动脉穿刺导管越粗，越易形成血栓 A 导管内间断冲冼法比连续冲冼法好 B 导管留置时间尽量不超过,天C 34 局部出现感染征象时应立即拔除导管D 心电监护仪报警显示心搏停止，而病人神志清楚无不适主诉，可能的原因是:()32. C 病人心脏停搏病人在做屏气动作 A B 电极脱落心电监护仪内电池耗尽 C D 中心静脉压监测调零时，大气参考活塞位置应位于水平。()33. A 中胸水平后胸水平前胸水平监护仪同一水平 A B C D 一次除颤未成功，应选用的方法有:()34. C 静脉注射阿托品更换除颤部位 A B 静脉注射溴苄胺心内注射地塞米松 C D 影响除颤成功的因素有:()35. B 代谢性碱中毒室颤波波幅大小 A B 是否使用呼吸兴奋剂是否行亚低温治疗 C D kills requirements name name heart lungasic scardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) bnts: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with iremepathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requ lopment of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology,asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new deve-tispasmodic and antiency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, anemerg mergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of commonf application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common ema life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology oncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trau29 急性心肌梗死诊断依据哪个不正确()36. D 大多有心绞痛病史。A. 剧烈心绞痛持续时间超过半小时，含服硝酸甘油片不缓解。B. 心电图表现为相对应导联高尖波、段抬高、波倒置及病理性波。C.TSTTQ 听到心脏杂音。D. 急性心肌梗死现场救治原则哪个不正确()37. D 吸氧，监测生命体征(心电、血压、脉搏、血氧饱和度)。A. 开通静脉通道。B. 无低血压时，静脉滴注硝酸甘油,分钟。C.15μg 立即溶栓D. 急性心肌梗死转送注意事项哪个不正确()38. C 及时处理致命性心律失常。A. 持续生命体征和心电监测。B. 气管插管C. 向接收医院预报D. 急性左心衰竭的临床表现哪个不正确():39. D 突然发生呼吸窘迫，咳嗽、喘息，咯白色或粉红色泡沫痰，甚至不断涌出。A. 病人被迫坐起，颜面发绀。两肺内早期可闻及哮鸣音，稍晚出现湿性罗音。B. 可有第三或第四心音。心率加快，呈奔马律。可有心房颤动或室性早搏等心律失常。C. 初期血压就下降。D. 急性左心衰竭的救治原则哪个不正确()40. E 纯氧面罩吸人，氧饱和度要达以上。意识模糊或呼吸无力者可气管插管A.95% 使患者呈半坐位，双小腿下垂。B. 含服硝酸甘油，然后静脉点滴硝酸甘油，使收缩压维持在,。对顽固性C.90100mmHg 高血压或对硝酸甘油无反应者可静脉点滴硝普钠。 静脉注射呋塞咪或硫酸吗啡。D. 使用碳酸氢钠E. 急性左心衰竭转送注意事项哪个不正确():41. E 强迫病人躺在担架上。A. 保持呼吸道通畅。B. 持续吸氧。C. 保持静脉通道畅通。D. 使患者呈半坐位，小腿下垂，尽可能舒适E. 高血压急症诊断依据哪个不正确():42. D 可能有高血压、肾炎、妊娠中毒等病史。 A. 突然出现剧烈头痛、头晕、恶心呕吐、心悸、烦躁不安、视力模糊、皮肤潮红等症状B. 血压急剧上升，收缩压超过或舒张压超过。C.200mmHg130mmHg 口吐粉红色泡沫样痰D. 高血压急症救治原则哪个不正确():43. C basic skills requirements name name heart lung a. (2)ng with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmiequirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisonitudy rtiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of snew development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome easthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the -etic, antispasmodic and antion emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diurf commcommon emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects onology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; ma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency techncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trau30 安慰患者及其家属，使其情绪稳定，必要时给予安定等。A. 吸氧，严密监测意识、瞳孔、生命体征等变化，保持呼吸道通畅。B. 快速将血压降到正常C. 降低颅内压。D. 控制抽搐等症状。 E. 快速心律失常包括以下类型，除了()44. E 阵发性室上性心动过速:A . 室性心动过速:B. 心室颤动,心室扑动C. 心房颤动,扑动D. 室性早搏E. 缓慢心率性心律失常包括以下类型，除了()45. D 窦性心动过缓A. 病窦综含征B. 房室传导阻滞C. 室性早搏D. 支气管哮喘诊断依据哪个不正确():46. B 可有反复哮喘发作史或过敏源接触史。A. 可有激素依赖和长期应用β受体激动剂史。B.2 呈呼气性呼吸困难，端坐呼吸、大汗，精神紧张甚至昏迷。C. 呼吸急促，频率,次，辅助呼吸肌参与呼吸运动，唇发绀，双肺呼气时间延长，D.30/min 满布呼气性哮鸣音或哮鸣音消失(沉默肺)。 支气管哮喘救治原则哪个不正确():47. C 吸氧流量为,,。A 13Lmin 扩张支气管糖皮质激素使用B, 首先给予抗生素C 注意诱发及加重该病因素的处理:及时脱离致敏环境，及时发现气胸等伴发情况。D 辅助呼吸经上述治疗仍无改善者，心率,次,或有血压下降时，应及时行气 E 140min管插管，应用呼吸机。 支气管哮喘转送注意事项哪个不正确():48. D 吸氧A. 保持静脉通道通畅。B. 途中严密观察神志、呼吸、血压、心率、心律等变化。C. 给予强心药D. 支气管哮喘的救治中哪项不正确()49. C 保持呼吸道通畅，吸氧。A. 严密监测意识、瞳孔、生命体征等变化。B. 控制血压:使血压快速降低至正常范围。C. 降低颅内压:急性期伴脑水肿者可用甘露醇静脉滴注，或呋塞米(速尿)、地塞D.20%米松静注，以上药物可配合使用。 急性脑卒中转运的注意点哪项不正确()50. D kills requirements name name heart lungasic scardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) bnts: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with iremepathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requ lopment of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology,asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new deve-tispasmodic and antiency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, anemerg mergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of commonf application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common ema life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology oncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trau31 及时转送医院十分重要。A. 应用甘露醇等渗透性脱水剂过程中，其用量及药液滴速应视心功能而定。B. 脑血管意外的病因鉴别往往需要确定，院前不宜贸然使用止血药或扩血管药。C.CT 转送途中不需要注意监测生命体征。D. 糖尿病酮症酸中毒哪项不正确()51. A 有糖尿病特别是型糖尿病史。A.II 有诱因存在，如急性感染，药物中断或治疗不足，精神刺激，应激，饮食失调，并发B. 其他疾病，妊娠及分娩等。 起病急骤，以糖尿病症状急剧加重为早期表现，如烦渴、多尿(或少尿)、食欲减退、C. 恶心、呕吐、腹痛，甚至嗜睡、昏迷等。 以脱水和周围循环衰竭、酸中毒为明显特征:D. 糖尿病酮症酸中毒救治中哪项不正确()52. D 立即建立静脉通道，尽早开始补液。A. 补液:视脱水和心功能情况决定补液速度和补液量。B. 可以鼓励患者口服淡盐水。C. 可以在现场救治，不需要送到医院。D. 二、是非题 爆震伤的特点有:伤情复杂，内轻外重，变化迅速。(错)1. ??? 爆震伤导致鼓膜穿孔的部位已结痂，不必积极处理，忌滴注药物(对)2. 烧伤后出现水疱，要将水疱刺破，液体排干。(错)3. 热灼伤后尽快用冷水降低灼伤处的温度。(对)4. 婴幼儿气道异物梗阻，首选推荐腹部冲击法。(错)5. 目前，有更多的资料显示胺碘酮可提高室颤或无脉性室速病人的存活率。(对)6. 年和指南中指出镁离子对间期正常的室性心动过速有效。(错)7. 2005CPRECCQT 止血带使用最长时间不超过。(错)8. 6h 腹部开放性损伤后肠管外露，原则上要回纳。(错)9. 电击伤时电流由一侧下肢进，从另一侧下肢出对人体危险性最大。(错)10. 低压电触电后现场缺乏电除颤或药物除颤条件则慎用肾上腺素。(对)11. 神经毒性军用毒剂的特殊解毒药是二巯丙磺钠。(错)12. 芥子气一般呈气态，主要以呼吸道吸入中毒为主，较少经皮肤吸收中毒。(错)13. 路易氏剂中毒时采用二巯丙磺钠治疗有效。(对)14. 生物武器中毒急救中，抗生素应用应采取大剂量联合使用，疗程要长。(对)15. 放射性碘是核爆炸和核反应堆常见的放射性核素。(对)16. 正常人潮气量是,(错)17. 58ml/kg 通气模式单独应用时要求病人有一定的呼吸功能和相对平衡的呼吸节律，故在临18. PSV 床上很少单独使用，往往与其它模式合用。(对) basic skills requirements name name heart lung a. (2)ng with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmiequirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisonitudy rtiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of snew development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome easthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the -etic, antispasmodic and antion emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diurf commcommon emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects onology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; ma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency techncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trau32 气管插管机械通气的病人，呼吸机出现高压报警，最佳的处理方法是上调报警上限值。19. (错) 代谢性酸中毒、缺氧、发热都可能导致机械通气病人的人机对抗。(对)20. 、导联出现异常波伴有段弓背抬高，提示广泛前壁心肌梗死。(错)21. VVQST 34 波尖而高耸，振幅，以、、导联最为突出，称之为肺型波(错)22. P?0.20mV??avFP 导联位于左腋后线水平处。(对)23. VV 74 心电图记录中当走纸速度为时，两条纵线间()时间表示。(对)24. 25mm/h1mm40ms 心室扑动有波群可识别，频率达,次分，但心脏丧失排血功能。(错)25. QRS-T200250/ 缺血型波由倒置较深逐渐变浅，抬高的段恢复至基线是心肌梗死急性期的心电26. TS-T 图表现(错) 心肺骤停病人在心脏按压时，血氧饱和度监护仪上显示的脉搏血氧饱和度()数27. SpO2 据能准确地反应病人的血氧情况。(错) 脉搏血氧饱和度()监护仪测定的搏动只能是小动脉搏动。(对)28. SpO 2 脉搏血氧饱和度()监测探头放置在耳垂比手指好。(对)29. SpO 2 电子血压监测仪在测量血压时，选用袖带大小对血压测量没有影响。(错)30. 电子血压监测仪在测量上臂血压时，卷起衣袖不影响血流的情况下，对测量的结果影响31. 不大。(对) 正常心电图中，波代表心室除极。(错)32. T 心电监护仪提供的心电信息与心电图机提供的信息一样多。(错)33. 中心静脉压监测波形中，波是三尖瓣关闭波。(错)34. X 房颤是非同步除颤的适应征。(错)35. 肾上腺素可以使粗颤变为细颤，提高除颤成功率。(错)36. 三、简答题 (什么是复合伤和多发伤,1 二种或二种以上的致伤因子导致机体损伤称为复合伤，同一致伤因子损害两个或两 个以上的解剖部位或脏器，危及生命，称为多发伤。 (影响创口愈合的局部因素有哪些,2 创口坏死组织清除不彻底，创口异物存在，局部血液循环不良，固定不良。 ???? (烧伤病人第一个内补充总的失液量在时间上是如何分配的,3 24h 第一个补充估计量的一半，第二、三个各补充估计量的。 8h8h1/4 (中强调早期四个环节的生存链包括什么,6CPR 早期识别，启动，早期，早期电除颤，早期进行高级生命支持。 ?EMS?CPR?? (年和指南中建议，成人行球囊面罩通气时，的球囊应挤压多少72005CPRECCCPR2L cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) bnts: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with iremepathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requ lopment of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology,asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new deve-tispasmodic and antiency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, anemerg mergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of commonf application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common ema life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology oncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior traukills requirements name name heart lungasic s33 容积。球囊的 1/3 (人工呼吸时压迫环状软骨的目的是什么,8 防止胃膨胀，降低返流和误吸危险 (年和指南建议，院外心脏停搏复苏后仍有昏迷的病人，若血流动力学102005CPRECC 稳定，可以给予亚低温治疗，推荐的温度和持续时间是多少,,, 3234? 1224h (周以上孕妇心肺复苏时的体位如何,1120 平卧位向左倾斜,，右侧身下面垫入楔形物。1530? (创伤现场急救的原则是什么,12 先重后轻，先急后缓 (四肢出血最有效的止血方法是什么,13 应用止血带 (高压电引起典型的电接触伤特点有哪些,14 面积小，损伤深(或口小底大、外浅内深)，一处进口，多处出口，肌肉组织常呈夹 ???心样坏死，可造成血管壁变性坏死或血管栓塞。? (低压电触电后最常见的心律失常及死因是什么,心室颤动15 (生物武器中军团菌感染首选抗菌素是什么,16 红霉素或其它大环内酯类药 (急性放射病主要分为哪几种临床类型,17 脊髓型、脑型、肠型。 (呼吸机使用的禁忌征有哪些,18 低血量性休克、严重肺大疱和未经引流的气胸、大咯血、心肌梗死、支气管胸膜瘘 (何谓通气模式,(中文名称)19PEEP 呼气未正压通气 (何谓通气模式,(中文名称)20SIMV 同步间歇指令通气 (何谓通气模式,(中文名称)21CPAP 持续气道正压通气 (何谓室早三联律,22 有规律的个窦性心律后次室性期前收缩 21 (右心衰、三尖瓣关闭不全的病人测指尖脉搏血氧饱和度()时，手的位置如何放23SpO2 置最为准确, 手抬高过头 basic skills requirements name name heart lung a. (2)ng with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmiequirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisonitudy rtiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of snew development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome easthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the -etic, antispasmodic and antion emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diurf commcommon emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects onology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; ma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency techncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trau34 (电子血压监测仪在测量上臂血压时，袖带应放在肘上多少距离,,24 2.55cm (无创血压监测和有创血压监两者比较，收缩压在什么范围时，数值基本相同,,25100150mmHg (心电监护电极放置在病人什么部位,左手26LA (请说出两种或两种以上的宽波心律。27QRS 室性心动过速、室性异位心律、室上性心动过速伴差异传导 (正常中心静脉压是多少,28 ,或,312cmHO612cmHO 22 (心脏除颤的作用原理是什么,29 在短暂的时间内给心脏以强电流刺激，使心肌纤维在瞬间同时除极化，并使所有可能存在的折返通道全部失活，然后心脏起搏系统中具有最高自律性的窦房结可以恢复主导地位。 (仰卧位除颤时，除颤电极最常放在什么部位,30 胸骨右缘第二肋间和左腋前线第五肋间 asic scardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) bnts: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with iremepathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requ lopment of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology,asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new deve-tispasmodic and antiency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, anemerg mergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of commonf application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common ema life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology oncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior traukills requirements name name heart lung35