大象走路动画（Elephant walking animation）

大象走路动画（Elephant walking animation） 大象走路动画(Elephant walking animation) The motion anatomy of the elephant's walk (2007-09-11 19:47:57) was reprinted with the label: the animation movement dissected the head puppet with the anatomical head of the walking rhythm September 11, 2007 (week 2), at the company and at home Thank you to the big brother and the garden elder sister to lend me such valuable DVD information, and I can thoroughly research the walking principle of the elephant through the opportunity of the company project. 1. The pace of limbs: The four legs of the moving four-legged animal display a dazzling array of four completely independent movements before our eyes. Fortunately, there are only four, and to be realistic, we have to sort through the rhythm of the four movements. First of all, we ignore the hind legs and only look at how the two front legs fit together, and it's easy to find that, like human walking, it's completely alternating. And the foot won't lift at the same time. Alternate mean completely, if you move a leg of a complete cycle time as a unit of time (I measure the elephant used this time is about 2 to 3 seconds), then compared with the contralateral side leg movement cycle leg movement period just after the measures or measures 0.5 units of time, before the slider in the animation is very intuitive. A very simple visual phenomena describe it in words is quite obscure and abstract, but in order to truly mock object, we must replace the senses with logic, seemingly around some detours, but academic and no shortcuts. The same conclusion is suitable for the two backward steps. Then we can ignore the legs of one side and only look at the front legs and hind legs of the same side, so it is not difficult to find that the same rhythm of the four-legged animal is also applicable to the elephant, namely: the hind foot kicks the front foot. It means that the lateral front leg motion cycle is only a small fraction of the time after the lateral hindquarters. After careful observation and comparison, I have found that the length of this one is not greater than 0.25 unit time. It may be 0.2 or 0.15, which is suitable for the specific situation. Usually go more urgent or more close to run this value (running time is just 0.25), the greater the go more slowly, or more gentle when this value is smaller, but the vast to zero. If it is 0, before the hind legs with the law of motion, it is unimaginable). My calculation method is: eyes dead to the left front foot, right hind foot, right front foot raised time point, in the heart silent: da, da, da... The sequence of their lifting is: left front foot, right hind foot, right front foot... Feel its rhythm. The first and third "da" between "da" 0.5 units of time (the conclusions above have reached), the key is, I want to feel the second "da" is closer to the first, "da" or closer to the third "da"? I found it closer to the third "da". Therefore, the interval between the second "da" and the third "da" is less than 0.25 unit time, which seems to be between 0.2 and 0.15. Then the problem was solved, and everything was open. When we put the two, two, and the same side, and the three groups together, we've actually figured out the overall rhythm of the four independent motion bodies. It should be pointed out that, on the same side of the forelegs and hind legs are moment of suspension at the same time, because the front legs than hind legs after measures 0.2 to 0.15 per unit time, before the foot can't wait to lift the back foot hit the ground. I used to talk about anatomy in the analysis of the movements. I found in the observation, because the elephant weight is very big, when you walk in order to save Labour and avoid joint sprains, on foot fall at the same time, the important joint (elbow, wrist, knee, ankle) all straightened, on the role of joint ligament lock the joint, rigid posture has remained until the new lift. When the macaques reach their limbs and walk on the ground, the carpus and tarsal bones touch the ground, but the great carpus and tarsal bones are suspended, and they land only on the tips of their fingertips and toes. You're going to ask, How can such a large body weight be safely applied to the weak phalanges and phalanges? It five fingers and five toe around the large and thick meat pad, principle as we humans holding solid sphere hold to walk in hand, touches the ground at your fingertip, carpal bone is high, the weight is passed through the carpal bone solid sphere, by solid sphere is transmitted to the ground again. The elephant's foot structure makes their feet look like four pillars at the end. Like all quadrupeds, the elephant's front legs are free and the hind leg is fixed. When walking with weight alternation between the two front legs, left and right shoulder blade alternating uplift (due to the reaction front, pragmatic to the side of the shoulder blades), on the back side of outline the contours in the shoulder. Like humans, elephants forearm bone (ulna and radius) attached to the big end of the arm bone (humerus), large arm bone attached in the end of the shoulder blade, blade attached at the end of the clavicle, collarbone adhere to the sternum front end. Sternum fixed in sternoclavicular joints and coordinated the rotation of the acromioclavicular joint, shoulder blades can slide up and down the chest broad surface rather than turning, such that the movement of the shoulder blades in bone all the sports, the most unique way. The height of the shoulder joint (the shaft of the big arm) is about the height of the shoulder and the center of the thoracic high line. The height of the elbow joint (the axis of the forearm) is below the thoracic high line, which is at the bottom of the line. The length of the wrist is about 1/2 the length of the forearm. The height of the hip joint (the movement axis of the thigh) is slightly higher than the shoulder joint. The knee joint (the motor axis of the lower leg) is about the same as the elbow joint. The ankle joint is about the same height as the wrist. As you lift your foot forward, the elbows are bent forward to about 130 degrees, the wrist is bent back to about 90 degrees, the knee is about 115 degrees, and the ankle is almost always 180 degrees straight. Since the hind leg is fixed on the spine, when the weight is alternated between the feet, the posterior 2/3 segments of the hip and torso will rotate slightly. These proportions and movements are only idealized, and the individual differences in elephants are far too great. At the Beijing zoo, I have seen the tall, lanky and bold type. The forelimbs were longer than the hind legs and the hind legs were two types of forelimbs; There are at least two types of lateral contours of the vertebral vertebrae, one of which is the arcs, and the other is the s-shape. Although they all belong to the same species: Asian elephants. 2. Fluctuation of free head: Head down, rhythm and the rhythm of the pace of her front legs completely coordination, top left foreleg stepped a brief nod, right front leg stepped top a head again, is completely repeated action, so the top head movement cycle length on the front step is half of the cycle length (as above measurements, side leg walk cycle for 2 to 3 seconds, then top head cycle is 1 to 1.5 seconds). The whole process before the foot lift, with the head bump. And the forefoot steps directly cause the head to bump, the timing of the relationship is: the front foot, and then the head. The head bumps down relatively quickly, but the difference is not as large as you might think, and sometimes even very faint. Such a head rhythm is obviously caused by two causes: 1. Inertial forces. Free content at the end of the stationary inertial forces against free physical foundation of sudden change of direction, causing the free content in force at the end of the movement in the opposite direction (for example: front foot down, up to a foot to reaction force, the force along the leg to upload, until the neck and neck up top, free head at rest under the joint action of inertial forces and gravity inevitably prolapse, cause head bumps have softened). 2. Power. If inertial forces is passive, so dynamic action is active actuator factor (for example: on one side of the front feet lifted to step down in front of the whole process, need to pull up hard, straps and humerus neck support this force, also rose, cause head bumps up potential). It's important to note that there is no significant change in the Angle of the skull on the sagittal plane when the head is bouncing up and down, So the occipital joint and all the cervical intervertebral joints are not rotated at the same time, but they keep the whole neck looking at the side of the neck in a positive S or anti-s shape. The head rises with a weak Angle, and the head falls with a faint Angle to the head. The principle can be explained by the animation term "following effect". It should also be noted that the individual differences in the large image are quite different, with the neck, short neck or obese individuals, and the neck activity is limited, the skull bump is weak or no turbulence. In addition, when walking is slower, the conflict between inertia and power is more moderate, and the dynamic action is softer, so the head is not so bumpy. When it comes to the role of inertia, I always think of the ridiculous assumption that if a squirrel's soul is transplanted into an elephant's body, what style will the animal play? Like a squirrel? Still as blunt as an elephant? Animal world sports style differences, formed a rich and distinct manner and personality of the ocean, these differences are the dynamic scale of discriminating between species, and museum specimens of different, the latter only shows the static scale of discriminating between species. So let's not hope to keep the extinct species in place by taxidermy, and in the case of the animation industry, what we lose is more valuable than what remains. Now, I think I can answer this question: even transplanting a squirrel's soul into an elephant's body, the animal still maintains an elephant's movement and character. The reason for this is that exercise is based on the body rather than the soul, or very little on the soul. After all, gravity is a factor that frames the overall rhythm and style of motion. Though it had a squirrel's heart, it had to turn its head like an elephant. 3. Torso: I looked closely at video, and I didn't seem to see a bump in the base of the base of the torso and the base of the hind legs. But the rotation of the left and right side of the scapula between the two and three parts of the torso is obvious. 4. Nose, tail and ears: The animation of the nose, tail and ears can be dealt with in the end because the movement of these three parts is subject to the subject, but not the main body, so it belongs to the isolated unit. Experience has taught me that you should never slack off the animation of your nose. When the work is done, you are tired, but the animation of your nose needs to be focused again. There are two sources of power for the nose: one source is the movement and attenuation of the force on the nose and the movement of the head. Another source is the random swing of the nose. When the elephant walks, the end of its nose is restless. The production process of nose animation I think it should be like this: decompose the action from two power sources into two layers, and then do one layer independently and then another layer. In this case, the first independent transmission and attenuation animation. The transmission and attenuation of force is similar to the wave, which is the repeated use of the animation term "following effect". I can use the habits of the old method, first in the same point in time all rotary joints, again on the animation slider in the order from the root to the end dragged back key mapping of each joints appropriate distance, so that the waves electromotive force is formed. The second step is to add the movement of the nose autonomously to the existing animation, namely the independent animation of the second layer. I found that the motion of the autonomous occurs only at the end of nose nearly 1/3, so only do random wobble on 1/3 of handle is ok, I try to avoid adding new key, budgeting habits on the key investigation of existing overlap K animation, so that you can avoid a lot of trouble. Because of the first layer animation completely or almost occurred in the sagittal plane (back and forth), so the second best animation in the coronal (swinging), and the nose is in the three-dimensional space has the vitality. On the second level of animation, a little bit more, Even the animation of the end of the third paragraph may not be able to deal with the movement of each of the joints evenly, the amplitude should be increased by the root tip, the nose is the most dynamic, and always hook in one direction. The movement of the nose is the most spiritual, the elephant all sports nose of nerve and muscle, incredibly complex that big silly silly elephant nose can be used on two meat before and after the disc clip up the sewing needle on the ground! The length of the nose is roughly perpendicular to the ground and then a little more. The tail and the animation of the ear is much simpler, I can finally slack off at this stage. If it is not intentional, the elephants have little movement of their tails and ears when they walk, and they are only influenced by physical turbulence. It is a disorganized "following effect" wave. To be honest, it is necessary to do a rigorous analysis of the power source at this time. Don't be in the mood, the words have finished, drag two sentences outside words! I ask myself, who is the most authentic animator of the elephant walk? No doubt it's not me, it's the elephant, it's it. But the elephant had no idea what I was saying! How strange! So do we humans, and when we walk, no one ever tells us which muscles we should use. Where are the related muscles? How do you contract? How do you move your bones? We don't know anything about it! But we can coordinate the array muscle group precisely to complete the movement of the walk, the exquisite skill of the skill amazed us! Isn't that strange! Right? Experts in the nervous system will say, the brain sends an electrical signal, the signal along a series of neuron specific output orbit is passed on to the corresponding muscle fibers, the fibers are stimulated, and physical and chemical reaction, which leads to the mechanical contraction... In this way, an autonomous movement is completed. But I have to ask, how does the brain select the output of the electrical signal? It is impossible to imagine the complexity and sophistication of human movements. If the orbit of an output signal as puppets in a line, but the "puppet line" in the human body at least as many as tens of thousands of article, besides all the "puppet line" is not a separate operation, tend to be flexible to be combined into a complex and sophisticated cooperation group, as a result, the need to control the factors of more unimaginable! It's an astronomical figure! If there is no complete and precise anatomy of the human anatomy in this information processing center, it's hard to imagine how it can handle the whole thing. But in fact, there's no such thing in our brains! Because we don't feel it, so we don't have this picture in our head, and the logic is that simple! What a shocking fact! Polish your eyes, my fellow men! I have to say again and again that god always stands before us, but we cannot see him for all the foolishness.