植物衰老过程中气体交换与叶绿素荧光参数的分析

植物衰老过程中气体交换与叶绿素荧光参数的分析 烟草衰老过程中气体交换与荧光素参数的分析 摘要 本实验通过使用TPS-2光合气路系统测定不同叶龄烟草叶片在不同强度光照和不同CO2浓度下的光合、呼吸、蒸腾速率，气孔导度以及叶绿素a荧光参数Fo、Fv/Fm、Pi等，通过使用PPEA型植物效率仪测定不同叶龄烟草叶片的荧光参数，结果表明:功能叶、幼叶、衰老叶的光能利用能力呈下降趋势，功能叶的光合利用能力高于高于幼叶，幼叶的光能利用能力高于衰老叶。 关键字 烟草 衰老 光合能力 1 材料与方法 1.1 材料的选择:实验室栽培烟草植株多株，选取有明显幼叶功能叶老叶分化的烟草植株多株，用于实验的测定 1.2 方法:用TPS-2光合气路系统测定不同叶龄烟草叶片在不同强度光照和不同CO2浓度下的光合、呼吸、蒸腾速率，气孔导度以及叶绿素a荧光参数Fo、Fv/Fm、Pi等，并作详细记录 烟草荧光参数的测定用PPEA型植物效率仪，本实验通过使用PPEA型植物效率仪对烟草不同不为部位的荧光参数进行测定，并做详细记录 2 结果与分析 2.1在同一光照强度下，不同叶龄的烟草叶片的气孔导度的比较 由图一得知，在同一光照强度下，功能叶的光合导度整体大于幼叶，幼叶的光合导度高于衰老叶;说明功能叶的光能利用能力高于幼叶，幼叶的光和利用能力高于老叶。 90 图一 80 70 60光照强度 50功能叶 幼叶40气孔导度老叶30 20 7651043210 0 12345678 2在不同光照强度下，同一烟草叶片光合效率的比较;在同一光照强度下，不同叶龄的烟草叶片的光合效2. 率的比较 由图二得之，随着光照强度的增强，烟草功能叶和幼叶叶片的光合速率逐渐提高，而衰老叶光合速率在0一下，光合速率很低;说明光照强度是影响烟草叶片光和能力的重要因素，随着光照强度的增大，烟草叶片的光合作用能力逐渐提高。在同一光照强度下，功能叶的光合速率大于幼叶，幼叶的光合速率高于衰老叶;说明功能叶的光能利用能力高于幼叶，幼叶的高于老叶。 (3) construct safe volunteers is realistic need to innovate the social management style. Only continuous innovation, our management to adapt to the changing social needs. Especially in today's social security situation is complex, criminal activity appeared subtle, flow, information, science and technology, gangs of new features only continuous innovation in order preventive measures, we can in an invincible position and fight criminals. We set up the peace volunteers, both volunteers is ordinary people, always living in the crowd, for the first time found the problem, information most really the most solid, it is a kind of innovation of the social management is A positive exploration of the mode of social security. Two, strengthen the sense of innovation, do a good job in combination with the article, to promote the smooth development of the public security work One is to with the Bureau of the county Party committee work combined. To carefully control the "Four Construction Bureau of county Party committee deployment project decomposition and the division of tasks, and to identify volunteers safe construction of the starting point, combined with point and the breakthrough point, to achieve the same resonance frequency, benign interaction. Que Baozhi may work and the public security work achieved double harvest. 10图二 图 8 6 功能叶(A) 4幼叶 光合速率衰老叶2 0 12345678910-2 光照强度 2.3在不同二氧化碳浓度下，同一烟草叶片光合效率的比较;在同一二氧化碳浓度下，不同叶龄的烟草叶片的光合效率的比较 由图三得知，随着二氧化碳浓度的升高，烟草功能叶和幼叶叶片的光和速率逐渐提高，而衰老叶光合速率在0一下，光合速率很低;说明二氧化碳浓度是影响烟草叶片光和能力的重要因素，随着光照强度的增大，烟草叶片的光合作用能力逐渐提高。。在同一二氧化碳弄浓度下，功能叶的光合速率大于幼叶，幼叶的光合速率高于衰老叶;说明功能叶的光能利用能力高于幼叶，幼叶的高于老叶。 6图三 4 2CO2含量100%75%60%衰老叶45%25%00%幼叶 光合效率功能叶-2 -4 -6 2.4用PPEA型植物效率仪测定烟草荧光系数 由图四可知，用PPEA型效率仪测定不同叶龄烟草的光合性性能指数，功能叶大于幼叶，幼叶大于老叶，说明功能叶的光和能力大于幼叶的，幼叶的大于衰老叶的。 (3) construct safe volunteers is realistic need to innovate the social management style. Only continuous innovation, our management to adapt to the changing social needs. Especially in today's social security situation is complex, criminal activity appeared subtle, flow, information, science and technology, gangs of new features only continuous innovation in order preventive measures, we can in an invincible position and fight criminals. We set up the peace volunteers, both volunteers is ordinary people, always living in the crowd, for the first time found the problem, information most really the most solid, it is a kind of innovation of the social management is A positive exploration of the mode of social security. Two, strengthen the sense of innovation, do a good job in combination with the article, to promote the smooth development of the public security work One is to with the Bureau of the county Party committee work combined. To carefully control the "Four Construction Bureau of county Party committee deployment project decomposition and the division of tasks, and to identify volunteers safe construction of the starting point, combined with point and the breakthrough point, to achieve the same resonance frequency, benign interaction. Que Baozhi may work and the public security work achieved double harvest. PI 图四 7 6 5 4PI3 2 1 0 老叶幼叶功能叶 3 讨论 新形成的嫩叶滚光合速率很低，嫩叶组织发育不健全，叶绿体小，片成结构不发达;光和色素含量少，捕光能力低;Rubisco那个光合酶含量少，活性弱;气孔开度小，细胞间隙小，叶肉细胞与外界气体交换速度慢。此外，幼叶呼吸作用旺盛，也使其净光合速率低。随着叶片生长，叶绿体发育，叶绿素增加，酶活性增强，光合速率不断提高。功能期过后，随着叶片的衰老，光合速率迅速下降。 影响植物光合速率的因素有很多，其中二氧化碳浓度和光照强度对植物光合速率有显著影响作用。随着光强的增高，光合速率相应提高，当达到某一强度是，叶片的光合速率与呼吸速率相等，净光合速率为0，这时的光强称为光补偿点。在一定范围内，光合速率随光强的增加而呈直线增加，但超过一定强度后，光合速率增加转慢;当达到某一光强时，光合速率就不再增加，为光饱和点。功能叶的光饱和点和光补偿点都要比幼叶低，这说明功能叶的光和能力高于幼叶的光和能力。而老叶的净光合速率在0以下，说明，叶片衰老后，叶绿素急剧减少，酶的活性显著降低，光和能力最为弱小。随着二氧化碳浓度增高光合速率增加，当光合速率与呼吸速率相等时，外界环境中的二氧化碳浓度即为二氧化碳补偿点。当二氧化碳浓度继续提高，光合速率随二氧化碳浓度的增加变慢，当二氧化碳浓度达到某一范围时，光合速率达到最大值，这时的二氧化碳浓度称为二氧化碳饱和点。功能叶的二氧化碳补偿点和饱和点都小于幼叶，这说明功能叶的光和能力高于幼叶的光和能力。而老叶的光合效率在任何二氧化碳的浓度下都小于0，说明老叶的一直光合速率小于呼吸速率。 叶绿素荧光是光合作用的探针，它不仅反映光能吸收、激发能传递和光化学反应等光合作用的原初反应过程，而且与电子传递、质子梯度的建立及ATP的合成和二氧化碳的固定等过程有关。植物体内的叶绿素分子吸收的光能有三个去向:用于于推动光化学反应，引起反应中心的电荷分离以及电子传递和光合磷酸化，形成同化力;变成热散失;以荧光的形式发射出来。这三者之间是此消彼长的相互竞争关系，一个过程速率的降低必将随着另外两个竞争过程速率相应增加。叶绿素荧光技术是诊断植物体内光和机构运转情况，分析植物对逆境响应机理的重要方法。使用PPEA型植物效率仪可以准确快速测定荧光参数，其中PI与光和机构对光能的吸收、转化与电子传递有关，是一个综合反映光和机构活性的参数。 4 结论 叶龄对烟草光合作用有重要的影响，从不同叶龄烟草叶片在相同条件下光合效率的比较中可得，烟草功能叶的光能利用能力高于幼叶，幼叶的光能利用大于老叶。随着植物衰老，叶绿素分子吸收的光能更多的以荧光形式散发出去，光能利用能力随之下降。 (3) construct safe volunteers is realistic need to innovate the social management style. Only continuous innovation, our management to adapt to the changing social needs. Especially in today's social security situation is complex, criminal activity appeared subtle, flow, information, science and technology, gangs of new features only continuous innovation in order preventive measures, we can in an invincible position and fight criminals. We set up the peace volunteers, both volunteers is ordinary people, always living in the crowd, for the first time found the problem, information most really the most solid, it is a kind of innovation of the social management is A positive exploration of the mode of social security. Two, strengthen the sense of innovation, do a good job in combination with the article, to promote the smooth development of the public security work One is to with the Bureau of the county Party committee work combined. To carefully control the "Four Construction Bureau of county Party committee deployment project decomposition and the division of tasks, and to identify volunteers safe construction of the starting point, combined with point and the breakthrough point, to achieve the same resonance frequency, benign interaction. Que Baozhi may work and the public security work achieved double harvest. 衰老叶 CO浓度(C) T H 光强度(Q) 蒸腾速率(E) 气孔导度(G) 光合速率(A) CI CO含量 22399 28.5 11.4 1862 0.51 15 -1 460 100% 291 28.8 13.7 1862 0.37 11 -1.1 395 75% 224 28.9 15.3 1862 0.29 10 -1.1 316 60% 158 28.8 17.1 1862 0.32 11 -1.1 247 45% 90 28.9 18.9 1862 0.28 19 -1.2 126 25% 6 28.8 19.4 1862 0.35 14 -2.1 67 0% 幼叶 光照强度 T H 光强度(Q) 蒸腾速率(E) 气孔导度(G) 光合速率(A) CI 0 27 0.96 50 -1.2 423 1 27 0.67 33 0.9 365 2 27 0.67 33 3.5 213 3 27 1.12 58 4.3 225 4 27 1.53 82 6.3 203 5 27 1.46 76 7 227 6 27 1.68 49 7.5 244 7 27 1.61 74 7.6 210 功能叶 光照强度 T H 光强度(Q) 蒸腾速率(E) 气孔导度(G) 光合速率(A) CI CO浓度(C) 20 27 0 0.97 54 -1.1 407 1 27 15 1.21 65 -0.7 420 2 27 66 0.73 36 0.1 373 3 27 117 0.78 38 1.3 348 4 27 161 0.73 34 0.3 356 5 27 220 0.49 22 0.1 364 6 28 345 0.21 9 0.5 280 7 28 572 0.57 25 0.3 310 8 29 1246 0.55 22 0.6 301 9 29 1642 0.49 18 0.9 294 衰老叶 光照强度 T H 光强度(Q) 蒸腾速率(E) 气孔导度(G) 光合速率(A) CI 0 27 0 0.48 19 -0.1 1 27 43 0.54 21 -1 2 28 205 0.47 18 -0.8 3 28 395 0.62 23 -0.5 4 27.9 557 0.65 25 -0.4 5 28 747 0.68 25 0 6 29 1114 0.71 25 0 7 30 1862 0.65 21 -0.5 (3) construct safe volunteers is realistic need to innovate the social management style. Only continuous innovation, our management to adapt to the changing social needs. Especially in today's social security situation is complex, criminal activity appeared subtle, flow, information, science and technology, gangs of new features only continuous innovation in order preventive measures, we can in an invincible position and fight criminals. We set up the peace volunteers, both volunteers is ordinary people, always living in the crowd, for the first time found the problem, information most really the most solid, it is a kind of innovation of the social management is A positive exploration of the mode of social security. Two, strengthen the sense of innovation, do a good job in combination with the article, to promote the smooth development of the public security work One is to with the Bureau of the county Party committee work combined. To carefully control the "Four Construction Bureau of county Party committee deployment project decomposition and the division of tasks, and to identify volunteers safe construction of the starting point, combined with point and the breakthrough point, to achieve the same resonance frequency, benign interaction. Que Baozhi may work and the public security work achieved double harvest. 8 33 4017 0.81 20 -0.4 9 35 5307 0.9 20 -0.6 幼叶 CO浓度(C) 光合速率(A) CO含量 22 395 3.5 100% 322 2.9 75% 248 2.7 60% 184 1.6 45% 110 -0.7 25% 4 -4.1 0% 功能叶 光合速率(A) CO含量 2 5.4 100% 4.9 75% 3.3 60% 1.9 45% -0.3 25% -1 0% (3) construct safe volunteers is realistic need to innovate the social management style. Only continuous innovation, our management to adapt to the changing social needs. Especially in today's social security situation is complex, criminal activity appeared subtle, flow, information, science and technology, gangs of new features only continuous innovation in order preventive measures, we can in an invincible position and fight criminals. We set up the peace volunteers, both volunteers is ordinary people, always living in the crowd, for the first time found the problem, information most really the most solid, it is a kind of innovation of the social management is A positive exploration of the mode of social security. Two, strengthen the sense of innovation, do a good job in combination with the article, to promote the smooth development of the public security work One is to with the Bureau of the county Party committee work combined. To carefully control the "Four Construction Bureau of county Party committee deployment project decomposition and the division of tasks, and to identify volunteers safe construction of the starting point, combined with point and the breakthrough point, to achieve the same resonance frequency, benign interaction. Que Baozhi may work and the public security work achieved double harvest.