文言文《催 科 》训练习题与答案解析

文言文《催 科 》训练习题与 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 解析 阅读下面的文言文，完成1—5题。 催 科? [明]江盈科 为令之难，难于催科。催科与抚字?，往往相妨，不能相济。阳城?以拙蒙赏，盖由古昔为然，今非其时矣! 国家之需赋也，如枵腹?待食;穷民之输将也，如挖脑出髓。为有司者，前迫于督促，后慑于黜罚，心计曰:“与其得罪于能陟我、能黜我之君王，不如忍怨于无若我何之百姓。”是故号令不完，追呼继之矣;追呼不完，槌楚继之矣;槌楚不完，而囹圄、而桎梏。民于是有称贷耳;称贷不得，有卖新丝、粜新谷耳;丝尽谷竭，有鬻产耳;又其甚，有鬻妻、鬻子女耳。如是而后赋可完，赋完而民之死者十七八矣! 呜呼，竭泽而渔，明年无鱼，可不痛哉!或有尤之者，则应日:“吾但使国家无逋赋，吾职尽矣:不能复念尓民也。”余求其比拟，类驼医然。 昔有医人，自媒能治背驼，曰:“如弓者，如虾者，如曲环者，延吾治，可朝治而夕如矢。”一人信焉，而使治驼。乃索板二片，以一置地下，卧驼者其上，又以一压焉，而脚躧?焉。驼者随直，亦复随死。其子欲呜诸官，医人曰:“我业治驼，但管人直，哪管人死!” 呜呼世之为令但管钱粮完不管百姓死何以异于此医也哉夫医而至于死人不如听其驼焉之为愈也令而至于死百姓不如使赋不尽完之为愈也。虽然，非仗明君躬节损之政，下宽恤之诏，即欲有司不为驼医，不杀人，可得哉,噫!居今之世，无论前代，即求如二祖时，比岁蠲?，比岁免，亦杳然有今古之隔矣。 (选自《雪涛阁集》卷十四) 【注】?催科:催办缴纳赋税。?抚字:安抚体恤。?阳城:人名，唐代清官。?枵(xiāo)腹:空腹。?躧(xǐ):踩，踏。?蠲(juān):减少。 【译文】 当县令的困难，莫过于向老百姓催税。催税和爱惜长养百姓，往往互相妨碍，不能够互相帮助。唐代的阳城因为拙钝而受到奖赏，不需贡税给朝廷，这仍然是古代才做得到的啊～可惜如今却没有这样的时机～ 国家需要赋税,就像空肚子的人需要食物一样;而穷苦百姓的缴纳赋税，就像是要挖他的脑、要抽他的髓一样。那些当官吏的人，前面迫于主管的督促，后面害怕被降职的处罚，内心自我衡量，说:“与其去得罪能够让我升官、能够让我贬官的君王，倒不如去忍受那些对我无可奈何之老百姓的怨恨吧～”所以发号施令出去，百姓还不缴纳赋税，接着就是追赶、呼叫他们了。鞭打、刑罚下去，百姓还不缴纳赋税，接着就是把他们逮捕、囚禁了。老百姓于是就只好去借贷了;如果借贷不到钱，就只有出卖新丝、出卖新谷了;新丝新谷都卖光，就只有典卖家产了;又甚至连家产都卖光了，就只好卖妻、卖子女了。到了这个样子，然后赋税都可以缴纳了，赋税缴纳了而老百姓也死了十分之七、十分之八了啊～ 唉～弄光湖水来抓鱼，明年就没鱼可抓了，能不让人觉得痛心啊～偶尔有责备他的人，他就回答说:“我只要让国家没有人拖欠赋税，我的职责就算尽到了，我根本没 办法 鲁班奖评选办法下载鲁班奖评选办法下载鲁班奖评选办法下载企业年金办法下载企业年金办法下载 再想到你们这老百姓啊～”我试着用比喻来说说这些人，大概类似“驼医”吧～ 从前有个医生，他自我宣传说会医驼背，说:“驼背的像弓一样的人，驼背的像虾一样的人，驼背的像曲环一样的人，请我去医，我保证早上医，晚上直的像箭一样。”结果有一个人信以为真，请他治疗他Shang, and action Shang with to XI comrade for General Secretary of Central keep height consistent; any when are put discipline rules is in front, enhanced organization concept, and obey Organization decided; to set right of worldview, and Outlook on life And to lead a clean slim family, always adhere to the Communists ' spiritual home; to consciously practice the party's purpose, keeping qualities. CPC requirements in section-level cadres above to be a benchmark, play an exemplary role, "adhere to the loyal clean play, Jiao Yulu-a good cadre of" activities carried out in the ordinary party members "practicing pioneer standard post set up" activities. We all party members to further enhance political par core, situation awareness, awareness, awareness, belief and faith, according to positions, downtown River regulation, diversion of hydraulic Process, protection of the mother River, rural safety water drinking project, construction of flood control and drought relief, water in ecological civilization construction and other key, think, often, more active, hands-on, disciplined and strict rules, play, courage, give full play to the exemplary role, the successful completion of tasks. Three "reform" as the core of real change, completely change, and change image. This fundamental aim of education in order to solve the problem, for this reason, we insist on problem-oriented, enhance the awareness of problems, problems of reform in place, continuous improvement in style, to better serve the people, to better promote the water conservancy work. First of all, to find the problem. I'm learning education programme, in view of the current construction of the party, proposed to focus on solution of fuzzy ideals and beliefs waver, consciousness, purpose of the party weak sense, honesty and self-discipline awareness is not strong, depressed, six issues of ethical misconduct. Vast numbers of party members and cadres should closely real life personal and ideological work, reflections on the standard control, check the pendulum problem, pinpoint problems, get real, deep, identification, find the main "target", laying the Foundation for further corrective action implementation. 的驼背，医生拿了两片木板，一片放在地下，叫驼背的人躺在上面，再拿一片木板，压在他的身上，立刻跳到他身上跳一跳，驼背的人立刻变直，但也立刻死了。驼背者的儿子，要到官府控告驼背的医生，但驼医我却说我的职业是医驼背的人，哪管他是否死亡。 唉～世上那些当县令的人，只管钱粮租税有没有缴纳，根本不管老百姓死活，和那个驼医有什么不一样,做医生却使病人死去，不如听任那个人背驼而不去治愈;做县令而使百姓死去，不如使赋税不全部缴纳而让百姓活下来。虽然这个样子，还是是要仰赖严格的君王，亲自实践节俭的 政策 公共政策概论形成性考核册答案公共政策概论形成性考核册答案2018本科2018公共政策概论形成性考核册答案公共政策概论作业1答案公共政策概论形成考核册答案 ，发布宽容体恤老百姓的诏令，如果不这么做，却立刻想要官吏不去当驼医，做的到吗,咳～处在今天的世道，不用说同前代相比，就同英宗、孝宗二祖时期，一年比一年减少，一年比一年减免，也令人觉得有今古之巨大差别啊 1(对下列句子中加点的词语的解释，不正确的一项是( ) A(催科与抚字，往往相妨，不能相济 济:补益。 ( B(如是而后赋可完 完:结束。 ( C(延吾治，可朝治而夕如矢 延:请。 ( D(比岁蠲，比岁免 比岁:连年。 (((( 【答案】B 【解析】 A(催科与抚字，往往相妨，不能相济 济:补益。 ( ——催税和爱惜长养百姓，往往互相妨碍，不能够互相帮助 完:结束。 B(如是而后赋可完( ——到了这个样子，然后赋税都可以缴纳了 C(延吾治，可朝治而夕如矢 延:请。 ( ——请我去医，我保证早上医，晚上直的像箭一样 D(比岁蠲，比岁免 比岁:连年。 (((( ——一年比一年减少，一年比一年减免 B(缴纳(赋税)。我们今天还会使用“完税”一词。 A(从成语“无济于事”可以推导“济”有补益、帮助之意，带入原文理解能通。 C(“延”解释为“延请”,出现在《桃花源记》“各复延至其家,皆出酒食” D(比:连续，接连。 2(下列各组语句中，加点的词的意义、用法都相同的一组是 A(?槌楚不完，而囹圄，而桎梏 ?古者富贵而名摩灭，不可胜计 B(?阳城以拙蒙赏 ?王尝语庄子以好乐，有诸 C(?国家之需赋也，如枵腹待食 ?石之铿然有声者，所在皆是也 D(?为有司者，前迫于督促，后慑于黜罚 ?(怀王)内惑于郑袖，外欺于张仪 【答案】D orm in place, continuous improvement in style, to better serve the people, to better promote the water conservancy work. Firsoriented, enhance the awareness of problems, problems of ref-n in order to solve the problem, for this reason, we insist on problemon of tasks. Three "reform" as the core of real change, completely change, and change image. This fundamental aim of educatioon, disciplined and strict rules, play, courage, give full play to the exemplary role, the successful completi-, more active, hands, construction of flood control and drought relief, water in ecological civilization construction and other key, think, oftenrojectons, downtown River regulation, diversion of hydraulic Process, protection of the mother River, rural safety water drinking pmbers to further enhance political par core, situation awareness, awareness, awareness, belief and faith, according to positie all party mea good cadre of" activities carried out in the ordinary party members "practicing pioneer standard post set up" activities. W-level cadres above to be a benchmark, play an exemplary role, "adhere to the loyal clean play, Jiao Yulu-in section mentsalways adhere to the Communists ' spiritual home; to consciously practice the party's purpose, keeping qualities. CPC require ation concept, and obey Organization decided; to set right of worldview, and Outlook on life And to lead a clean slim family,ne rules is in front, enhanced organizShang, and action Shang with to XI comrade for General Secretary of Central keep height consistent; any when are put discipli2eal, deep, identification, find the main "target", laying the Foundation for further corrective action implementation.life personal and ideological work, reflections on the standard control, check the pendulum problem, pinpoint problems, get ruld closely real discipline awareness is not strong, depressed, six issues of ethical misconduct. Vast numbers of party members and cadres sho-s on solution of fuzzy ideals and beliefs waver, consciousness, purpose of the party weak sense, honesty and selfo focut of all, to find the problem. I'm learning education programme, in view of the current construction of the party, proposed t 【解析】 A(?槌楚不完，而囹圄，而桎梏 ——百姓还不缴纳赋税，如果就把他们逮捕、囚禁了 ?古者富贵而名摩灭，不可胜计 ——古代富贵的人却因此磨灭的，不能数完 B(?阳城以拙蒙赏 ——唐代的阳城因为拙钝而受到奖赏 ?王尝语庄子以好乐，有诸 ——大王曾经把爱好音乐的事告诉庄子，有这回事吗, C(?国家之需赋也，如枵腹待食 ——国家需要赋税,就像空肚子的人需要食物一样(主谓之间的“之”) ?石之铿然有声者，所在皆是也 ——铿锵有声的石头，到处都是(定语后置的标志) D(?为有司者，前迫于督促，后慑于黜罚 ——那些当官吏的人，前面急迫于被主管的督促，后面害怕被降职的处罚 ?(怀王)内惑于郑袖，外欺于张仪 ——(怀王)在内被郑袖所迷惑，在外被张仪欺骗 D(两句的“于”:被 A(而，前一句表假设，译为“如果”;后一句表转折关系，译为“但是”，“却”。 B(以，前一句为介词，因为;后一句为介词，把。 C(之，前一句为主谓之间取消句子独立性;后一句为定语后置的标志。 3(以下六句话，分别编为四组，全部说明“催科(催税)”危害的一组是( ) ?为令之难，难于催科 ?竭泽而渔，明年无鱼 ?穷民之输将也，如挖脑出髓 ?令而至于死百姓，不如使赋不尽完之为愈也 ?盖由古昔为然，今非其时矣 ?又其甚，有鬻妻、鬻子女耳 A(??? B(??? C(??? D(??? 【答案】C( 【解析】 ? 为令之难，难于催科 ——当县令的困难，莫过于向老百姓催税 ? 竭泽而渔，明年无鱼 ——弄光湖水来抓鱼，明年就没鱼可抓了 ? 穷民之输将也，如挖脑出髓 ——而穷苦百姓的缴纳赋税，就像是要挖他的脑、要抽他的髓一样 ?令而至于死百姓，不如使赋不尽完之为愈也 ——做县令而使百姓死去，不如使赋税不全部缴纳而让百姓活下来 -his fundamental aim of education in order to solve the problem, for this reason, we insist on problemree "reform" as the core of real change, completely change, and change image. Ton, disciplined and strict rules, play, courage, give full play to the exemplary role, the successful completion of tasks. Th-ion and other key, think, often, more active, handsructrural safety water drinking project, construction of flood control and drought relief, water in ecological civilization const and faith, according to positions, downtown River regulation, diversion of hydraulic Process, protection of the mother River, e all party members to further enhance political par core, situation awareness, awareness, awareness, beliefa good cadre of" activities carried out in the ordinary party members "practicing pioneer standard post set up" activities. W-clean play, Jiao Yulu level cadres above to be a benchmark, play an exemplary role, "adhere to the loyal-, keeping qualities. CPC requirements in sectionnd to lead a clean slim family, always adhere to the Communists ' spiritual home; to consciously practice the party's purposelife Ae rules is in front, enhanced organization concept, and obey Organization decided; to set right of worldview, and Outlook on hang, and action Shang with to XI comrade for General Secretary of Central keep height consistent; any when are put disciplinS3e action implementation.oblem, pinpoint problems, get real, deep, identification, find the main "target", laying the Foundation for further correctivuld closely real life personal and ideological work, reflections on the standard control, check the pendulum prdiscipline awareness is not strong, depressed, six issues of ethical misconduct. Vast numbers of party members and cadres sho-e, honesty and selfk sensuction of the party, proposed to focus on solution of fuzzy ideals and beliefs waver, consciousness, purpose of the party weahe water conservancy work. First of all, to find the problem. I'm learning education programme, in view of the current constre people, to better promote toriented, enhance the awareness of problems, problems of reform in place, continuous improvement in style, to better serve th ?盖由古昔为然，今非其时矣 ——这仍然是古代才做得到的啊～可惜如今却没有这样的时机～ ?又其甚，有鬻妻、鬻子女耳 ——又甚至连家产都卖光了，就只好卖妻、卖子女了 4(下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括，不正确的一项是( ) A(文章用“驼医”治死驼者的故事作比，指出了官吏不择手段催缴赋税的危害，表达了作者对饱受催科之苦的百姓的深切同情。 B(驼者之子把治死其父的“驼医”告到了官府，“驼医”辩白说，自己的职业是治疗驼背，只负责使驼背变直，哪管病人的死活。 C(负责催科的官吏，不顾百姓的死活，采用刑杖相加、牢狱关押等手段催缴赋税，是出于私心，欲求自保。 D(作者把当时的催科与前代、二祖时相比照，认为催科过于严厉而致百姓于死地，其主要责任在于朝廷，表达了对最高统治者的讽谏之意。 【答案】B 【解析】 驼背者的儿子，要到官府去控告驼背的医生,而不是“告到了官府”。 5(断句和翻译。(9分) (1)(用“,”给下面的文言文阅读材料断句。(3分) 呜呼世之为令但管钱粮完不管百姓死何以异于此医也哉 夫医而至于死人不如听其驼焉之为愈也令而至于死百姓不如使赋不尽完之为愈也 【答案】(1)呜呼,世之为令,但管钱粮完,不管百姓死,何 以异于此医也哉,夫医而至于死人,不如听其驼焉之为愈 也,令而至于死百姓,不如使赋不尽完之为愈也 (2)、翻译下面的句子。(6分) ?(与其得罪于能陟我、能黜我之君王，不如忍怨于无若我何之百姓。(3分) ?吾但使国家无逋赋，吾职尽矣，不能复念尔民也。(3分) 【答案与解析】 ?与其得罪于能陟我、能黜我之君王，不如忍怨于无若我何之百姓。(3分) 【译文】与其从能够提升我、能够罢免我的君王(那里)获罪，不如在不能把我怎么样的百姓(那里)忍受怨恨。(陟:提升;黜:罢免;无若„„何:不能把„„怎么样) ?吾但使国家无逋赋，吾职尽矣，不能复念尔民也。(3分) 译文:我只要使国家没有(人)拖欠赋税，我的职责就尽到了，不能再考虑你们百姓了。(但:只;逋:拖欠;尔:你们) on, disciplined and strict rules, play, courage, give full play to the exemplary role, the successful completi-, more active, hands, construction of flood control and drought relief, water in ecological civilization construction and other key, think, oftenrojectons, downtown River regulation, diversion of hydraulic Process, protection of the mother River, rural safety water drinking pmbers to further enhance political par core, situation awareness, awareness, awareness, belief and faith, according to positie all party mea good cadre of" activities carried out in the ordinary party members "practicing pioneer standard post set up" activities. W-level cadres above to be a benchmark, play an exemplary role, "adhere to the loyal clean play, Jiao Yulu-in section mentsalways adhere to the Communists ' spiritual home; to consciously practice the party's purpose, keeping qualities. CPC require ation concept, and obey Organization decided; to set right of worldview, and Outlook on life And to lead a clean slim family,ne rules is in front, enhanced organizShang, and action Shang with to XI comrade for General Secretary of Central keep height consistent; any when are put discipli4eal, deep, identification, find the main "target", laying the Foundation for further corrective action implementation.life personal and ideological work, reflections on the standard control, check the pendulum problem, pinpoint problems, get ruld closely real discipline awareness is not strong, depressed, six issues of ethical misconduct. Vast numbers of party members and cadres sho-s on solution of fuzzy ideals and beliefs waver, consciousness, purpose of the party weak sense, honesty and selfo focut of all, to find the problem. I'm learning education programme, in view of the current construction of the party, proposed torm in place, continuous improvement in style, to better serve the people, to better promote the water conservancy work. Firsoriented, enhance the awareness of problems, problems of ref-n in order to solve the problem, for this reason, we insist on problemon of tasks. Three "reform" as the core of real change, completely change, and change image. This fundamental aim of educatio