上海市八校2017届高三上学期11月联考英语试题(解析版) - 副本

2017届高三年级 八校联合调研 英语试卷　2016年11月 (满分140分，考试时间120分钟)  第I卷 （共90分） II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A(10×1=10分) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct. Have you ever seen an old movie called Three Coins in the Fountain? It is about three young American women (21) _______(search) for permanent romance in Rome and they all find it. Far-fetched Hollywood? Well, from the world history point of view, romance did, in fact, set down its roots in Rome. The word romance evolved in Latin from Roma to Romanicus of the Roman language, to the Old French romanz escrive, (22) _______ means “to write in a Romance language,” and on to the English romance. The Romance languages (23) ____________(compose) of seven groups of languages that all have Latin (24) ______ their basis. These languages include French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese. The common people in ancient Rome spoke (25)________ is referred to as Vulgar Latin, an informal speech, as opposed to the classical Latin of the more educated. Most language experts agree that Vulgar Latin is the chief source of the Romance languages. Medieval Romances were tales (26) __________(write) primary in French verse about brave heroes. The notion of having a romance with another person is thought (27) __________(develop) sometime during the Middle Ages. In the late 18th  century and on through the 19th, a romance was not a love story (28) _________ a work of prose fiction that contained far-fetched, mysterious events. Romances of this period (29) _________(include) English Gothic novels like The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole. What exactly is a twentieth-century romance ? Does it have any relationship with the lively, popular novels written today, with their fantastic plots of love affairs? Or did the playwright Oscar Wilde have it right in The Picture of Dorian Gray: “ When one is in love, one always begins by deceiving (30) _________, and one always ends by deceiving others. That is what the world calls a romance.” Section B（10×1=10分） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. astonishingly B. surrounding C. collapse D. unnoticed E. interrupted F. previously G. congratulate H. predictions I. potential J. producing K. properties   In the wake of the historic announcement of the discovery of gravitational waves on February 11, 2016 by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), British physicist and black hole theorist Stephen Hawking was quick to ____31___ the US-led collaboration, sharing his excitement for the historic news. According to Hawking, these results confirm several very important ____32___ of Einstein’s theory of general relativity and it also confirms the existence of gravitational waves directly. As is becoming clear, the direct detection of these ripples in space time not only confirms Einstein’s famous theory of general theory but it also opens our eyes to a(n) _33________ “dark” universe. Astronomers employ the electromagnetic spectrum（电磁光谱） to study the universe, but objects that do not radiate in the electromagnetic spectrum will go ___34____. But now we know how to detect gravitational waves, which can help us detect and study some of the most energetic cosmic phenomena.  “Gravitational waves provide a completely new way of looking at the universe and the ability to detect them has the ___35___ to revolutionize astronomy” said Hawking. “The discovery is the first observation of black holes merging. The observed __36____ of this system are consistent with predictions about black holes that I made in 1970 in Cambridge.” However, this discovery also presents a puzzle for astrophysicists. The mass of each of the black holes are larger than expected for those formed by the gravitational __37_____ of a star---so how did both of these black holes become so massive? This question touches on one of the biggest mysteries ___38___ black hole evolution. Currently, astronomers are having a hard time understanding how black holes grow to be so massive. On the one end of the scale, there are “stellar mass（恒星质量）” black holes that form immediately after a massive star explodes, ___39____ an extremely bright light.  And we also have an abundance of evidence for the existence of the super-massive that live in the centers of most galaxies. There is a disconnect, however. If black holes grow by merging and consuming stellar matter, there should be evidence of black holes of all sizes, but “intermediate mass” black holes and black holes of a few dozen solar masses are ____40____ rare, throwing some black holes evolution theories into doubt. One thing is clear, however. This is the first time that we’ve acquired direct evidence of a black hole merger. So it’s good to know we’re on the right track. III. Reading Comprehension Section A（15×1=15分） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Cowboy or spaceman ? A dilemma for a children’s party, perhaps. But also a question for economists, argued Kenneth Boulding, in an essay published in 1966. We have run our   41  , he warned, like cowboys on the open grassland: taking and using the world’s resources, 42 ____ that more lies over the horizon. But the Earth is   43 a grassland than a spaceship---a closed system, alone in space, carrying exhaustible supplies. We need, said Boulding, an economics that takes seriously the idea of environmental   44 . In the half century since his essay, a new movement has responded to his challenge. “Ecological economists,” as they call themselves, want to   45 __ its aims and assumptions. What do they say -- and will their ideas take off? To its   46 , ecological economics is neither ecology nor economics, but a mix of both. Their starting point is to recognize that the human economy is part of the natural world. Our environment, they note, is both a source of resources and a sink for wastes. But it is 47 in traditional textbooks, where neat diagrams trace the flows between firms, households and the government as though nature did not exist. That is a huge mistake. There are two ways our economies can grow, ecological economists point out: through technological change, or through maximum use of resources. Only the   48 , they say, is worth having. They are suspicious of GDP (gross domestic product), a simple 49  which does not take into account resource exhaustion, unpaid work and countless other factors. 50    , they advocate more holistic approaches, such as GPI (genuine progress indicator)，a composite（复合的）index that include things like the cost of pollution, deforestation and car accidents. While GDP has kept growing, global GPI per person  51 in 1978: by destroying our environment, we are making ourselves poorer, not richer. The solution, according to experts, lies in a “steady-state” economy, where the use of materials and energy is held 52  . Mainstream economists are not   53  . GPI, they point out, is a subjective standard. And talk of limits to growth has had a bad press since the days of Thomas Malthus, who predicted in the 18th century, wrongly, that overpopulation would lead to famine. Human beings find solutions to some of the most annoying problems. But ecological economists   54  self-satisfaction. In 2009, a paper in Nature argued that human activity is already 55  safe planetary boundaries on issues such as biodiversity and climate change. That suggests ecologist economists are at least asking some important questions, even if their answers turn out to be wrong. 41.    A. grassland            B. nation            C. economy            D. spaceship 42. A. ignorant            B. confident            C. astonished        D. anxious 43.    A. less                B. smaller            C. more                D. larger 44.    A. movements        B. influences        C. limits                D. threats 45.    A. reject                B. realize            C. resemble            D. revolutionize 46.    A. challengers        B. learners            C. advocates            D. professors 47.    A. addressed            B. ignored            C. opposed            D. reflected 48.    A. advanced            B. former            C. latter                D. scientific 49.    A. number            B. product            C. idea                D. measure 50.    A. In addition        B. For example        C. In other words        D. In its place 51. A. peaked            B. plunged            C. persisted            D. paused 52. A. sufficient            B. efficient            C. constant            D. adequate 53. A. impressed        B. involved            C. concerned        D. appointed 54. A. call for            B. contribute to        C. warn against        D. refer to 55. A. setting            B. overstepping        C. extending            D. redrawing Section B（11×2=22分） Directions: Read the following three passages.  Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.  For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.  Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Every April I am troubled by the same concern -- that spring might not occur this year. The landscape looks dull, with hills, sky and forest appearing gray. My spirits ebb, as they did during an April snowfall when I first came to Maine 15 years ago. "Just wait," a neighbor advised. "You'll wake up one morning and spring will just be here." And look, on May 3 that year I awoke to a green so amazing as to be almost electric, as if spring were simply a matter of flipping a switch. Hills, sky and forest revealed their purples, blues and green. Leaves had unfolded and daffodils were fighting their way heavenward. Then there was the old apple tree. It sits on an undeveloped lot in my neighborhood. It belongs to no one and therefore to everyone. The tree's dark twisted branches stretch out in unpruned（未经修剪的） abandon. Each spring it blossoms so freely that the air becomes filled with the scent of apple. Until last year, I thought I was the only one aware of this tree. And then one day, in a bit of spring madness, I set out with pruner to remove a few disorderly branches. No sooner had I arrived under the tree than neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches. These were people I barely knew and seldom spoke to, but it was as if I had come uninvited into their personal gardens. My mobile-home neighbor was the first to speak."You're not cutting it down, are you?" she asked anxiously. Another neighbor frowned as I cut off a branch. "Don't kill it, now," he warned.     Soon half the neighborhood had joined me under the apple tree. It struck me that I had lived there for five years and only now was learning these people's names, what they did for a living and how they passed the winter. It was as if the old apple tree was gathering us under its branches for the purpose of both acquaintanceship and shared wonder. I couldn't help recalling Robert Frost's words: The trees that have it in their pent-up buds  To darken nature and be summer woods One thaw led to another. Just the other day I saw one of my neighbors at the local store. He remarked how this recent winter had been especially long and complained of not having seen or spoken at length to anyone in our neighborhood. And then, he looked at me and said, "We need to prune that apple tree again." 56. By saying that “my spirits ebb” (Para. 1), the author means that _________________. A. he feels relieved                B. he feels blue C. he is surprised                    D. he is tired 57. The apple tree mentioned in the passage is most likely to _________________. A. be regarded as a delight in the neighborhood B. have been abandoned by its original owner C. have been neglected by everyone in the community D. be appealing only to the author 58. In Para. 4, “neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches” probably because ___________________________. A. they were surprised that someone unknown was pruning the tree B. they wanted to prevent the author from pruning the tree C. they were concerned about the safety of the tree D. they wanted to get to know the author 59. It can be inferred that the author’s neighbor mentioned in the last paragraph most cared about _______________. A. when spring would arrive            B. how to pass the long winter C. the neighborhood gathering            D. the pruning of the apple tree (B) Mount Cook National Park is home of the highest mountains and the longest glaciers. It is alpine(高山) in the purest sense---with skyscraping peaks, glaciers and permanent snow fields, all set under a star-studded sky. Key Highlights Although it includes 23 peaks over 3,000 metres high, this park is very accessible. State Highway 80 leads to Mt Cook Village which is situated beside scenic Lake Pukaki and provides a comfortable base for alpine activities. Far from city lights, the stargazing here is magnificent—Aoraki Mount Cook National Park forms the majority of New Zealand's only International Dark Sky Reserve. Mountaineers regard the area to be the best climbing region, while less skilled adventurers find plenty of satisfaction with the mountain walks that lead to alpine tarns, herb fields and spectacular glacier views. Encounters with cheeky kea (mountain parrots) are part of the fun. Key Activities Mountain walks There are 10 short walks beginning near the village. All tracks are formed and well marked. The Red Tarns Track, Kea Point and the Hooker Valley Track each take around two hours return. For more experienced alpine hikers, there are three mountain pass routes—over the Mueller, Copland and Ball passes. Glacier viewing and skiing Helicopters and ski－planes provide access to the park's fabulous glaciers. The Tasman Glacier is an excellent choice for intermediate skiers, while the Murchison, Darwin and Bonney glaciers promise excitement for advanced skiers. From October until May, you can explore the Tasman Glacier's terminal lake by boat. Mountaineering Climbing Mount Cook remains the ultimate challenge, but there are many other peaks to tempt experienced climbers. Tasman, Malte Brun, Elie de Beaumont, Sefton and La Perouse are quite popular.. Key Tips ●Climbers don't require permits, but are requested to complete a trip intentions form. ●Local guides are available for climbing, walking and glacier skiing. ●Winter climbing is an extreme sport—only recommended for well-prepared, experienced mountaineers. ●The weather can change very suddenly—be prepared for heavy rainfall, snow and/or high winds. ●The park has an airport serving domestic commercial flights and scenic flight operators.   60. Which is one of the characteristics of Mount Cook National Park? A. It is alpine in the purest sense and hard to reach. B. It provides star-shining night skies for visitors. C. It attracts less skilled climbers to all alpine activities. D. It guarantees visitors a sight of cheeky kea. 61. Mike is an experienced adventurer and may find ________ the most exciting. A. Mountaineering on Elie de Beaumont B. Mountain walks via Hooker Valley Track C. Skiing on Tasman Glacier D. Climbing Mount Cook 62. If you are a visitor to the park, you should ________． A. properly evaluate your own experience and skill B. get your permit prepared before you start to climb C. hire local guides to help you to train for climbing D. avoid exploring glaciers in winter (C) How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet debatable social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics overstate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same horrible consequences today as it did in the 1930’s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of survival, and when there were fewer effective social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing wealth, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing dominance of secondary earners among the unemployed and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably relieved the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overestimate the scale of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the majority are from multiple-earner, relatively well-off families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market problems.