抗震类别、基础等级、场地类别等

抗震类别、基础等级、场地类别等 地基基础设计等级 地基基础设计等级是根据地基复杂程度、建筑物规模和功能特征以及由于地基问题可能造成建筑物破坏或影响正常使用的程度，将地基基础设计分为三个设计等级，设计时应根据具体情况选用级别。 共分甲、已、丙三个设计等级。 甲级 重要的工业与民用建筑物 30层以上的高层建筑 体型复杂,层数相差超过10层的高低层连成一体建筑物 大面积的多层地下建筑物(如地下车库,商场.运动场等) 对地基变形有特殊要求的建筑物 复杂地质条件下的坡上建筑物(包括高边坡) 对原有 工程 路基工程安全技术交底工程项目施工成本控制工程量增项单年度零星工程技术标正投影法基本原理 影响较大的新建建筑物 场地和地基条件复杂的一般建筑物 位于复杂地质条件及软土地区的二层及二层以上地下室的基坑工程 乙级 除甲级,丙级以外的工业与民用建筑物 丙级 场地和地基条件简单,荷载分布均匀的七层及七层以下民用建筑及一般工业建筑物;次要的轻型建筑物 summer of masonry construction, brick requires sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete construction in summer high temperature impact on concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast drying, easy to crack (plastic), high early strength, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to temperature difference cracks. B. pouring daytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength, stability, in varying degrees, on mixing processes, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be taken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperature control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 degrees, the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees. B. with the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete under high temperature, but make some performance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented upon approval by the supervising engineer. C. time control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and shipping time at high temperatures. D. strengthen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of continuous water conservation to prevent surface drying and covering thin-film wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction preparation 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, planning ahead of time comes into 抗震等级是根据建筑物设防烈度和建筑物使用功能的重要性确定的 所以单凭设防烈度是不足以确定抗震等级的 具体分类要查《建筑工程抗震设防分类标准》，下面是有关章节的内容， 3.0.2 建筑工程应分为以下四个抗震设防类别 1特殊设防类:指使用上有特殊设施，涉及国家公共安全的重大建筑工程和地震时可能发生严重次生灾害等特别重大灾害后果，需要进行特殊设防的建筑。简称甲类。 2 重点设防类:指地震时使用功能不能中断或需尽快恢复的生命线相关建筑，以及地震时可能导致大量人员伤亡等重大灾害后果，需要提高设防标准的建筑。简称乙类。 3 标准设防类:指大量的除1、2、4款以外按标准要求进行设防的建筑。简称丙类。 4 适度设防类:指使用上人员稀少且震损不致产生次生灾害，允许在一定条件下适度降低要求的建筑。简称丁类。 summer of masonry construction, brick requires sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete construction in summer high temperature impact on concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast drying, easy to crack (plastic), high early strength, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to temperature difference cracks. B. pouring daytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength, stability, in varying degrees, on mixing processes, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be taken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperature control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 degrees, the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees. B. with the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete under high temperature, but make some performance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented upon approval by the supervising engineer. C. time control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and shipping time at high temperatures. D. strengthen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of continuous water conservation to prevent surface drying and covering thin-film wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction preparation 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, planning ahead of time comes into 3.0.3 各抗震设防类别建筑的抗震设防标准，应符合下列要求: 1 标准设防类，应按本地区抗震设防烈度确定其抗震措施和地震作用，达到在遭遇高于当地抗震设防烈度的预估罕遇地震影响时不致倒塌或发生危及生命安全的严重破坏的抗震设防目标。 2 重点设防类，应按高于本地区抗震设防烈度一度的要求加强其抗震措施;但抗震设防烈度为9度时应按比9度更高的要求采取抗震措施;地基基础的抗震措施，应符合有关规定。同时，应按本地区抗震设防烈度确定其地震作用。 3 特殊设防类，应按高于本地区抗震设防烈度提高一度的要求加强其抗震措施;但抗震设防烈度为9度时应按比9度更高的要求采取抗震措施。同时，应按批准的地震安全性评价的结果且高于本地区抗震设防烈度的要求确定其地震作用。 4 适度设防类，允许比本地区抗震设防烈度的要求适当降低其抗震措施，但抗震设防烈度为6度时不应降低。一般情况下，仍应按本地区抗震设防烈度确定其地震作用。 注:对于划为重点设防类而规模很小的工业建筑，当改用抗震性能较好的材料且符合抗震设计 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 对结构体系的要求时，允许按标准设防类设防。 summer of masonry construction, brick requires sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete construction in summer high temperature impact on concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast drying, easy to crack (plastic), high early strength, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to temperature difference cracks. B. pouring daytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength, stability, in varying degrees, on mixing processes, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be taken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperature control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 degrees, the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees. B. with the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete under high temperature, but make some performance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented upon approval by the supervising engineer. C. time control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and shipping time at high temperatures. D. strengthen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of continuous water conservation to prevent surface drying and covering thin-film wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction preparation 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, planning ahead of time comes into 顺便说一句，我们通过建筑物所在地区查《建筑抗震设计规范》获得设防烈度，并获得结构设计中需要的地震分组和地震加速度值 1)多高层建筑结构的抗震措施是根据抗震等级确定的，抗震等级的确定与建筑物的类别相关，不同的建筑物类别在考虑抗震等级时取用的抗震烈度与建筑场地类别有关，也就是考虑抗震等级时取用烈度与抗震计算时的设防烈度不一定相同。 (2)建筑结构应根据其使用功能的重要性分为甲、乙、丙、丁类四个抗震设防类别。 建筑的抗震设防类别划分见国家标准《建筑抗震设防分类标准》GB 50223的规定，也可见《建筑抗震设计手册》(1994年版)高层建筑没有丁类抗震设防。 各抗震设防类别的高层建筑结构，其抗震措施应符台下列要求: 1)甲类、乙类建筑:当本地区的抗震设防烈度为6,8度时，应符合本地区抗震设防烈度提高一度的要求;当本地区的设防烈度为9度时，应符合比9度抗震设防更高的要求。当建筑场地为?类时，应允许仍按本地区抗震设防烈度的要求采取抗震构造措施; 2)丙类建筑:应符合本地区抗震设防烈度的要求。当建筑场地为I类时，除6度外，应允许按本地区抗震设防烈度降低一度的要求采取抗震构造措施.按建筑类别及场地调整后用于确定抗震等级烈度，按调整后的抗震等级烈度。 3)抗震设计时，多高层建筑钢筋混凝土结构构件应根据设防烈度、结构类型和房屋高度采用不同的抗震等级，并应符合相应的计算和构造措施要求。A级高度丙类建筑钢筋混凝土结构的抗震等级应按表3.11确定。当本地区的设防烈度为9度时，A级高度乙类建筑的抗震等级应按本节第9条规定的特一级采用，甲类建筑应采取更有效的抗震措施。 注:本规程“特一级和一、二、三、四级”即“抗震等级为特一级和一、二、三、四级”的简称。 4)抗震设计时，B级高度丙类建筑钢筋混凝土结构的抗震等级应按表3-12确定。 5)建筑场地为?、?类时，对设计基本地震加速度为0 15G和O.30G的地区，宜分别按抗震设防烈度8度(0.20G)和9度(0.40G)时各类建筑的要求采取抗震构造措施。 6)抗震设计的多高层建筑，当地下室顶层作为上部结构的嵌固端时，地下一层的抗震等级应按上部结构采用，地下一层以下结构的抗震等级可根据具体情况采用三级或四级，地下室柱截而每侧的纵向钢筋面积除应符合计算要求外，不应少于地上一层对应柱每侧纵向钢筋面积的1.1倍;地下室中超出上部主楼范围且无上部结构的部分，其抗震等级可根据具体情况采用三级或四级。9度抗震设计时(地下室结构的抗震等级不应低于二级。 7)抗震设计时、与主楼连为整体的裙楼的抗震等级不应低于主楼的抗震等级;主楼结构在裙房顶部上、下各一层应适当加强抗震构造措施。 summer of masonry construction, brick requires sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete construction in summer high temperature impact on concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast drying, easy to crack (plastic), high early strength, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to temperature difference cracks. B. pouring daytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength, stability, in varying degrees, on mixing processes, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be taken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperature control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 degrees, the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees. B. with the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete under high temperature, but make some performance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented upon approval by the supervising engineer. C. time control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and shipping time at high temperatures. D. strengthen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of continuous water conservation to prevent surface drying and covering thin-film wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction preparation 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, planning ahead of time comes into 8)房屋高度大、柱距较大而柱中轴力较大时，宜采用型钢混凝土柱、钢管混凝土柱，或采用高强度混凝土柱。 9)高层建筑结构中，抗震等级为特一级的钢筋混凝土构件，除应符合一级抗震等级的基本要求外，尚应符台下列规定: ?框架柱应符合下列要求: ?宜采用型钢混凝土柱或钢管混凝土柱; ?柱端弯矩增大系数`Η_C`、柱端剪力增大系数`Η_VC`.应增大20,; ?钢筋混凝土柱柱端加密区最小配箍特征值`?_V`，应按表5-13的数值增大O.02采用;全部纵向钢筋最小构造配筋百分率，中、边柱取1.4,，角柱取1.6,。 ?框架梁应符合下列要求: ?梁端剪力增大系数?“应增大20,; ?梁端加密区箍筋构造最小配箍率应增大10,。 ?框支柱应符合下列要求: ?宜采用型钢混凝士柱或钢管混凝土柱; ?底层柱下端及与转换层相连的柱上端的弯矩增大系数取L.8，其余层柱端弯矩增大系数`Η_R`应增大20,;柱端剪力增大系数`Η_VR`应增大2U,;地震作用产生的柱剪力增大系数取1.8，但计算柱轴压比时可不计该项增大; ?钢筋混凝土柱柱端加密区最小配箍特征值`?_R`应按表5-13的数值增大0.03采用，且箍筋体积配箍率不应小于1.6,;全部纵向钢筋最小构造配筋百分率取1.6,。 ?筒体、剪力墙应符合下列要求: ?底部加强部位及其上一层的弯矩设计值应按墙底截面组合弯矩计算值的1.L倍采用，其他部位可按墙肢组合弯矩计算值的L.3倍采用;底部加强部位的剪力设计值，应按考虑地震作用组合的剪力计算值的1.9倍采用，其他部位的剪力设计值，应按考虑地震作用组合的剪力计算值的L.2倍采用; ?一般部位的水平和竖向分布钢筋最小配筋率应取为0.35,，底部加强部位的水平和竖向分布钢筋的最小配筋率应取为0.4,; ?约束边缘构件纵向钢筋最小构造配筋率应取为1.4,(配箍特征值宜增大20,;构造边缘构件纵向钢筋的配筋率不应小于1.2,;框支剪力墙结构的落地剪力墙底部加强部位边缘构件宜配置型钢，型钢宜向上、下 各延伸一层。 ?剪力墙和简体的连梁应符合下列要求: ?当跨高比不大于2时，应配置交叉暗撑; ?当跨高比不大于1时，宜配置交叉暗撑; ?交叉暗撑的计算和构造宜符合本书第10章10.7条的规定。 summer of masonry construction, brick requires sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete construction in summer high temperature impact on concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast drying, easy to crack (plastic), high early strength, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to temperature difference cracks. B. pouring daytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength, stability, in varying degrees, on mixing processes, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be taken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperature control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 degrees, the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees. B. with the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete under high temperature, but make some performance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented upon approval by the supervising engineer. C. time control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and shipping time at high temperatures. D. strengthen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of continuous water conservation to prevent surface drying and covering thin-film wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction preparation 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, planning ahead of time comes into 地震烈度、地震基本烈度和抗震设防烈度区别与联系, 地震烈度是通过地震时地面的建筑或其它有关物体的反应的一个量，常用人的震感、建筑物反应来衡量，有一个国家专门的烈度表，地震基本烈本烈度是具有一定发生概率的烈度值，表明一个地区发生这个地震烈度的可能性比较大。至于抗震设防烈度是对建筑物的抗震性能的要求，它不仅和当地的地震基本烈度有关，还和建筑物本身的要求有有关，甲级、已级、丙级四设防烈度是不同的。可参考《建筑抗震设计规范》 summer of masonry construction, brick requires sufficient moist. 8.6.2.6 you must take the following measures to concrete construction in summer high temperature impact on concrete a. hardening speed up, vibrating difficulties reduced bleeding, fast drying, easy to crack (plastic), high early strength, fast early hydration heat, less cooling, temperature increases rapidly, due to temperature difference cracks. B. pouring daytime high temperatures, due to the high temperature effect of concrete strength, stability, in varying degrees, on mixing processes, perfusion vibration and moisture conservation, effective measures should be taken. 2) main measures taken by a. temperature control the water temperature in your standard mix proportion of concrete 2 degrees, the concrete temperature 0.5 degrees. B. with the controlled addition of retarder agent can reduce the effects of concrete under high temperature, but make some performance degradation of concrete, so when you are using additives must be implemented upon approval by the supervising engineer. C. time control suitable for work at night, should seek to reduce the mixing time and shipping time at high temperatures. D. strengthen the conservation and high temperatures after pouring in the early days of continuous water conservation to prevent surface drying and covering thin-film wet grass bag to make it moist State in 24 hours. 8.6.3 8.6.3.1 winter construction measures in winter construction preparation 1) required winter construction materials, equipment, planning ahead of time comes into