杨忠--语言学概论__课后综合测试题及中文版答案

综合测 试题 中考模拟试题doc幼小衔接 数学试题 下载云南高中历年会考数学试题下载N4真题下载党史题库下载 （一） I. Indicate the following statements true or false. Put T for true and F for false in the brackets：(10 points) ( ) 1. General linguistics is based on the view that language as a system, which is composed of three aspects: sound, structure and meaning. ( ) 2. The total number of words stored in the brain is called morphology. ( ) 3. The sentence “The woman can’t bear children” is structurally ambiguous. ( ) 4. Categorization refers to the process by which people use language to classify the world around and inside them. ( ) 5. Metaphors can create similarities between the target domain and the source domain. ( ) 6. According to referential content, deixis can be put into person deixis, place deixis, time deixis and discourse deixis. ( ) 7. Phrase structure rules are rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories. ( ) 8. Modality can be categorized into probability and Usuality. ( ) 9. Age is not the learner factor that has been an issue in second language acquisition research. ( )10. Register, as a variety of language in use, is analyzed on three dimensions: field, mode and tenor. II. Multiple choice: (10 points) 1. ____________ is the first and foremost striking feature of human language. A. creativity B. arbitrariness C. displacement D. interchangeability 2. Syntactically, Japanese is ____________ language. A. analytic B. isolating C. synthetic D. agglutinating 3. The general roles language plays are termed . A. metalanguages B. metafunctions C. metadiscourses D. metagrammar 4. ____________ is a process that creates a new word by dropping a real or supposed suffix. A. Blending B. Eponyms C. Backformation D. Clipping 5. The smallest meaningful unit of language is called a ___________. A. suffix B. prefix C. morpheme D. morph 6. __________ theories are those that attempt to explain acquisition on the basis of assuming an innate biological endowment that makes learning possible. A. Environmentalist B. functionalist C. nativist D. both a and b 7. Words and phrases like now, yesterday, next week, in three day, etC. are called __________. A. person deixis B. time deixis C. place deixis D. discourse deixis 8. Every syllable has a(n) __________, which is usually a vowel. A. nucleus B. onset D. code D. rhyme 9. ___________ is defined as the study of meaning. A. linguistics B. semantics C. morphology D. pragmatics 10. A ___________ is a mixed language which has become the mother tongue of a speech community. A. pidgin B. creole C. Esperanto D. natural language III. Match the terms in column A with the phrases in column B and put a, b…j into brackets: (10 points) A B ( ) 1. Socialinguistics a. the analysis of sentence structure ( ) 2. Applied Linguistics b. the analysis of meaning in context ( ) 3. Morphology C. the analysis of meaning ( ) 4.d Phonetics d. the study of sound systems and patterns ( ) 5.Linguistics e. the application of linguistic theories to other spheres ( ) 6. Syntax f. the study of speech sounds ( ) 7. Psycholinguistics g. the study of the relationship between language and society ( ) 8. Pragmatics h. the study of word structure ( ) 9. Phonology i. the scientific study of language ( ) 10 Semantics j. the study of the relationship between language and mind IV. For each group of sounds listed below, state the phonetic feature(s) they all share: (10 points) 1. [t∫][dз] 2. [m] [n] [ɡ] 3. [f] [θ] [s ] [∫] [h] 4. [d] [n] [z] [l] [r] 5. [i:] [i] [u:] [u] V. Consider the following words and fill in the form: (10 points) Words analyzed number of morphemes free morphemes troublesome stepmother psycholinguistics understatement antidisestablishmentarianism VI. Interpretate the following ambiguous sentences: (10 points) 1. The duck is too hot to eat. (1) ______________________________________ (2) ______________________________________ 2. Visiting friends can be boring. (1) ______________________________________ (2) ______________________________________ VII. Explain the following terms: (10 points) 1. derivation 2. learner factors VIII. Answer the following questions? (30 points) 1. What is the difference between “a red and a redcoat” ? 2. What are the features of modern linguistics? 3. According to Austin, what does a speech act consist of? 综合测试题（二） I. Indicate the following statements true or false. Put T for true and F for false in the brackets: (10 points) ( ) 1. According to M. A. K. Halliday, the three metafunctions of language are ideational metafunction, interpersonal metafunction and logical metafunction. ( ) 2. Duality is the first and foremost striking feature of human language. ( ) 3. Modality can be categorized into modalization and modulation according to Halliday. ( ) 4. Morphology is the study of the internal structure and the formation of words. ( ) 5. Associative meanings are meanings that hinge on referential meaning. ( ) 6. Second language acquisition is a complex process which involves social factors and learner factors. ( ) 7.Varieties of a language are of four types: the standard variety, regional dialets, sociodialects and registers. ( ) 8. Functional linguistics is based on the view that language as a system, which is composed of three aspects: sound, structure and meaning. ( ) 9.Euphemism is an expression that substitutes one which may be seen as offensive or disturbing to the addressee. ( ) 10. Intonation is the variation of pitch to distinguish utterance meaning. II. Multiple choice: (10 points) 1. The language used to talk about language is called __________. A. language B. metalanguage C. natural language D. artificial language 2. [+continuant] specifies ________________. A. all the fricatives B. all the fricatives and glides C. all the fricatives and liquids D. all the fricatives, liquids and glides 3. _________ is a process that creates new words by putting together non-morphemic parts of existing words. A. Coinage B. Blending C. Acronmyms D. Clipping 4. A __________ is a minimal distinctive linguistic unit. A. morpheme B. word C. phoneme D. allophones 5. The word “multinationality has ___________ morphemes. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 6. _________ is a term widely used in sociolinguistics to refer to “varieties according to use”, in contrast with regional dialects and sociolects, both of which are “varieties according to user”. A. field B. mode C. tenor D. register 7. __________ are a fundamental unit of conversational structure. A. back-channel signals B. adjacency pairs C. pre-sequences D. insertion sequences 8. The idea that people cooperate with each other in conversing is generalized by Grice (1975) as ____________. A. the principle of relevance B. cooperative principle C. the politeness principle D. the theory of prototypes 9. Beauty and siren both refer to a good-looking woman, but they differ in __________. A. affective meaning B. style C. collocation D. register 10. “John explained the theory” is a ___________ process according to Halliday. A. material B. mental C. verbal D. behavioral III. Complete the blanks with necessary words beginning with the letter given: (10 points) 1. Specially, there are four m__________ under cooperative principle generalized by Grice. 2. M__________ is unanimously acknowledged by researchers and language teachers as an important factor in second language acquisition. 3. A speech act consists of three dimensions. The act of producing a meaningful linguistic expression is called l_____________ act. The act of communicating intention through utterance is termed i_____________ act. The act of bringing about an effect is known as p____________ act. 4. The transference of properties of the source domain to the target domain is referred to by some cognitive linguists as m____________ . 5. C__________ is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables. 6. A morpheme may be represented by different forms, called a___________, 7. The term language a___________ refers to the natural process of children’ language development. 8. A d___________ is a variety of a language that is distinctive from other regional varieties in vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation. IV. Match the words underlined in Column A with the types of English word formation in column B. And put the letter you choose in the bracket before the sentence: (10 points) ( ) 1. This vet is very famous in the town. a. Conversion ( ) 2. This classroom is large and bright.. b. Derivation ( ) 3. He is watering flowers. C. Blending ( ) 4. Orlon is a kind of cloth material. d. Backformation ( ) 5. Watt is the measurement unit of electricity. e. Acronym ( ) 6. EEC is an important organization in the world. f. Compounding ( ) 7. An editor is a person who edits a newspaper. g. Coinage ( ) 8. The road was enlarged last year. h. Eponym ( ) 9. Some young people have brunch quite often. i. Clipping V. Pick out the sound that does not belong to the group of the sounds according to the natural class of sounds. And then name the feature(s) that define the one picked out and the group of sounds: (10 points) For example: [z] voiced/voiceless [f] [θ] [z] [s] 1. [ ] ____________ ____ [m] [ŋ] [l] [n] 2. [ ] ____________ ____ [p] [b] [m] [v] [w] 3. [ ] ____________ ____ [s] [z] [∫] [dз] [з] 4. [ ] ____________ ___________ [i:] [i] [æ] [u] [e] 5. [ ] __________________________ [i:] [ə:] [e] [æ] VI. Draw tree diagrams to show the ambiguity of the sentence, “He found his book on Wall Street”: (10 points) VII. Explain the following terms: (10 points) 1. language and linguistics 2. semantics and pragmatics VII. Answer the following questions:(40%) 1. How do you understand creativity, one of the features of human language? 2. What do Taboo and Euphemism mean? What is the relationship between them? 3. What are the general roles language plays according to Halliday? 综合测试题（三） I. Indicate the statements true or false. Put T for true and F for false in the brackets. (10 points) ( ) 1. A morpheme is the smallest distinctive linguistic unit that can contrast words in meaning and in form. ( ) 2. The language used to talk about language is called metalanguage. ( ) 3. The word “went” contains two morphemes. ( ) 4. The approach that analyzes word meaning by decomposing it into its atomic features is called componential analysis (CA). ( ) 5. Euphemism refers to a prohibition on the use of, mention of, or association with particular objects, action, or persons. ( ) 6. The distinction between a free morpheme and a bound morpheme is whether it can be used independently in speech or writing. ( ) 7. In English, the two liquids [l] and [r] are phonemes, but in Korean, they are allophones. ( ) 8. Mood is a syntactic constituent made up of the Subject and the Predicate. ( ) 9. Compounding is one type of word formation by combining both free morphemes and bound morphemes. ( )10. The total number of words stored in the brain is called the lexicon. II. Multiple choice: (10 points) 1. The followings are all features of language except __________. A. duality B. productivity C. changeability D. displacement 2. The lexical sense relation between flour and flower is __________. A. synonymy B. antonym C. polysemy D. homonymy 3. ______ is a process that puts an existing word of one class into another class. A. Conversion B. Abbreviation C. Eponyms D. Blending 4. Children all undergo ________ stages of language development. A. babbling, two-word, holophrastic and the telegraphic speech B. babbling, two-word, telegraphic speech and the holophrastic C. babbling, holophrastic, two-word, and the telegraphic speech D. babbling, holophrastic, telegraphic speech and the two-word 5. The followings are acknowledged as important factors in second language acquisition except _________. A. motivation B. nationality C. age D. learning strategy 6. Speakers consider the matter of face for themselves and others. Based on this observation, Leech (1983) proposes _____________. A. the cooperative principle B. the principle of relevance C. the politeness principle C. speech acts 7. Minimal pairs can be exemplified by ____________. A. moon/noon B. foot/food C. she/sheet D. sea/sea 8. The features that are found over a segment or a sequence of two or more segments are called ___________. A. distinctive features B. non-distinctive features C. suprasegmental features D. free variation 9. The ____________ function (sometimes also referred to as experiential function) is realized by the transitivity system of language. A. ideational B. interpersonal C. textual D. logical 10. Free morphemes were traditionally called roots, and bound morphemes _________. A. prefixes B. suffixes C. affixes D. inflectional morphemes III. Match the words underlined in Column A with the types of English word formation in column B. And put the letter you choose in the bracket before the sentence: (10 points) ( ) 1. Most children like drinking Coca-cola. a. Conversion ( ) 2. UNESCO is a branch United Nations. b. Derivation ( ) 3. The police machineguned the gang. c. Blending ( ) 4. I like sandwiches very much. d. Backformation ( ) 5. There are a lot of fruits in the fridge. e. Acronym ( ) 6. Infotech is popular nowadays. f. Compounding ( ) 7. An editor is a person who edits a newspaper. g. Coinage ( ) 8. His stepmother is very kind to him. h. Eponym ( ) 9. The street was widened last year. i. Clipping IV. Write the phonetic symbol that corresponds to the articulatory description.(10 points) 1. labiodentals [ ] 2. interdentals [ ] 3. back vowels [ ] 4. high vowels [ ] 5. palatal affricates [ ] V. Match the sentence in Column A with the linguistic process in column B. And put the letter you choose in the bracket. (10 points) ( ) 1. The noise annoyed him. a. Material process ( ) 2. The police caught him b. Relational process ( ) 3. There are two books on the table. c. Mental process ( ) 4. John explained the theory to me. d. Verbal process ( ) 5. He watches TV every day. e. Behavioral process ( ) 6. The conference is on Monday f. Existential process VI. Explain the following terms: (10 points) 1. arbitrariness 2. voicing VII. Draw tree diagrams to show the ambiguity of the sentence, “They can fish”. (10 points) VIII. Answer the following questions? (30 points) 1. What is the difference between a greenhouse and a greenhouse? 2. What is conversion in terms of word formation? Illustrate it with examples. 3. What are the components of metaphors? 综合测试题（四） I. Indicate the statements true or false. Put T for true and F for false in the brackets: (10 points) ( ) 1. English is a tone language. ( ) 2. Bound morphemes are always attached to free morphemes to form new words. ( ) 3. Associative meanings are meanings that hinge on referential meanings. ( ) 4. Metaphor is an essential element in our categorization of the world and our thinking process. ( ) 5. Overgeneralization is found universal in second language acquisition. ( ) 6. According to M. A. K. Halliday, the three metafunctions of language are experiential metafunction, interpersonal metafunction and discourse metafunction. ( ) 7. The language used to talk about language is called metalanguage. ( ) 8. There are two types of language in the world: natural language and artificial language. ( ) 9. Coinage is a process of inventing words based on existing morphemes. ( )10 Environmentalist theories hold that experience is of more importance than innate contributions in learning a second language. II. Multiple choice: (10 points) 1. The word “antidisestablishmentariaism” is composed of ______ morphemes. A. six B. seven C. eight D. nine 2. __________ refers to the vibrating of the vocal cords when sounds are produced. A. Voicing B. Voiced C. Nasalization D. Aspiration 3. Smog is a ___________ word. A. derived B. clipped C. blended D. compound 4. The idea that the learners have a sense of achievement as long as they learn if of vital importance. This kind of motivation may be termed ____ motivation. A. instrumental B. integrative C. cognitive D. none of them 5. [u:] possesses the features _____________. A. [+high][+back][+round][-tense] B. [+high][-back][+round][+tense] C.[+high][+back][+round][+tense] D. [-high][+back][+round][+tense] 6. English is an example of _________ languages. A. VSO B. SVO C. SOV D. SVO 7. A ________ is the smallest distinctive linguistic unit that can contrast words in meaning and in form. A. phoneme B. phone C. morpheme D. morph 8. Free morphemes were traditionally called _________. A. affixes B. prefix C. suffix D. root 9. The lexical sense relation between elephant and animal is __________. A. hyponymy B. synonymy C. antonymy D. homonymy 10. Words like male and female, pass and fail, etc. are ________ antonyms. A. gradable B. complementary C. reversal D. relative III. Match the sentence in Column A with the linguistic process in column B. And put the letter you choose in the bracket before the sentence. (10 points) ( ) 1. John is talking to Jane. a. Material process ( ) 2. Tom is the leader b. Relational process ( ) 3. There is a cat on the bed. c. Mental process ( ) 4. The bad news astonished her. d. Verbal process ( ) 5. Edward broke the window. e. Behavioral process ( ) 6. He waved his hands. f. Existential process IV. State what semantic property or properties are shared by the group of words. (10 points) For example: typewriter, ruler, notebook [ +stationary] 1. king, bachelor, son ________________________ 2. bull, rooster, stallion ________________________ 3. pine, rose, elm 4. bravery, charity, devotion 5. car, bike, plane V. Transcribe the sound represented by the underlined letter(s) in the words and the describe it. (10 points) Example: far [a:] back low vowel 1. thread [ ] 2. beat [ ] 3. important [ ] 4. live