成人本科学位英语考试题型

成人本科学位英语考试,除了《成人英语三级词汇手册》列出的词之外,我们学习词汇时还应注意容易混淆的词。英语中有些词,词形和读音相近,但意义却不同;有些同义词,基本意义相同,但内涵的意义有很大差异。我们必须在广泛阅读的基础上,仔细观察每一个词在不同上下文中的含义和用法,从而学会正确使用它。 1.able, capable, competent able为常用词,指具有做某事所需的力量,技巧,知识与时间等,一般下效率无关,用作定语表示能力超出平均水平。如:A cat is able to see in the dark. (猫在黑暗中能看见东西。)capable 指满足一般要求的能力,可以是表现出来的,也可是潜在的,搭配是be capable of +doing。用作定语,表示的能力没有able表示的能力强。如:He is capable of running a mile in a minute. (他能在一分钟内跑完一英里。)He is a very capable doctor. (他是一位很好的大夫。)competent 指“胜任”,“合格”,或受过专业技术等训练的,但不是超群的能力。如:A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases. (医生应该能治多种病。) 2.aboard, abroad, board, broad aboard 在船(或飞机,车)上。如:I never went aboard a ship.abroad 副词,在国外或海外。如: He often goes abroad.board 为动词,上(船,飞机,车)。如:The passengers are boarding the plane now.broad 为形容词,宽广的。如:He has very broad shoulders. 3.accept, receive accept 接受,receive“接到”,“收到”。如:I received an invitation yesterday, but I didn’t accept it. (昨天我收到了一个请柬,但并没有接受邀请。) 4.accident, incident, event accident事故。如:a traffic accident (交通事故)incident“附带事件”,在政治上特指引起国际争端或战争的事件,事变。event “事件”,指特别重要的事件,通常是由以前的努力而产生的结果,也指国家和社会的事件。 5. accomplish, complete, finish, achieve, attain accomplish表成功,强调完成的结果而不是过程。如:Because of his hard word, things are accomplished. (由于他的努力,事情都已完成了。) complete 表示积极的完成,更具体地指建筑、工程等的完成。如:Has he complete his novel yet? (他的小说写完了吗?)finish 最常用,后接动词的-ing形式,表示在一个活动的连续过程中完成了最后的一步或阶段。如:I’ll finish the job alone. (我要独自完成这项工作。)achieve 完成,实现,强调通过努力而达到目的。如:You will achieve success if you work hard.Attain 达到,实现,常用于一般人的能力不易达到的目的。如:Greater efforts are needed before we can attain our goals. 6.accurate, correct, exact, precise accurate准确的,精确的。如:Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.(火车站的钟应该是准确的。)correct“正确的”,指符合一定的 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 或准则,含有“无错误的”意味。它的反义词是incorrect, wrong.exact“精确的”,“恰好的”,比“大体上正确”更进一步,表“丝毫不差”。它的反义词是inexact。precise强调“精确”,“精密”。 7.accuse, charge, sue accuse 指责,指控,常与of 搭配。如:His boss accused him of carelessness.charge 常与with 搭配。如:The police charged the driver with reckless driving.sue 常与for 搭配。如:Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house. 8.achieve, acquire, require, inquire achieve(成功地)完成,实现。如:He will never achieve anything unless he works harder. (如他不努力工作,将会一事无成。)acquire取得,获得,学到。如:acquire knowledge (获得知 识)inquire打听,询问。如:inquire a person’s name(问一个人的姓名)require需要。如:We require more help. (我们需要更多的帮助。) 9.act, action, deed act 用作名词时,与action, deed均可表“行为”,“举动”。Act指时间较短的个人行动或行为,强调结果。如:The farmer caught the boys in the act of stealing his apples. (农夫在孩子们正偷他的苹果时把他们抓住了。)action较正式,往往指不止包含一个步骤,且持续时间较长的行为或行动,强调行为的过程。如:Actions are more important than words. (行动比语言更重要。)deed为正式用语,多指伟大的,显著的,感人的行为。如:They thanked him for his good deeds. (他们感谢他做的好事。) 10.actual, true, real, genuine actual 意为“实际的”,“现实的”,指所形容的事物在事实上已经发生或存在,而不是仅在理论上可能发生或存在的。true“真实的”,指与实际相符,而非虚假。genuine “真的”,“非冒充的”,“货真价实的”,强调正宗而非冒牌。 11.adequate, enough, sufficient adequate 足够的,指数量多,适合需要的数量。enough足够的,指数量多,足够满足某种目的或愿望。sufficient同enough,常可互换使用。但sufficient指数量多,足够满足某种需要,在口语中常用enough,在书面语中常用sufficient,在不易肯定时多用enough。Enough 可放在被修饰名词后,且可作副词,sufficient则不可这么用。 12.admit, confess 两者都表“承认”。admit指大胆地承认以前试图不论或推诿的坏事。如:John has admitted to breaking the window. (约翰已承认打破了窗玻璃。)Confess常指承认错误,罪行等。如:The thief confessed his crime to the police. (小偷向警察承认了罪行。) 13.advice,advise advice劝告(名词)。如:I want to give you some advice.advise劝告(动词)。如:What do you advise me to do? 14.adopt, adapt adopt (1)收养。如:Since they have no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl. (他们自己没有孩子,所以决定收养一个小女孩。)(2)采纳,采用,通过。如:He adopted our suggestion.(他采纳了我们的建议。)adopt与adapt词形相近,后者的意思是“使适合”,“改编”等。 15.advance, proceed, progress 均可表“前进”。advance表向一个特定的目的地,在一定的时间或空间内稳定地向前运动。如:Napoleon’s army advanced on Moscow. (拿破仑的军队向莫斯科挺进。)proceed强调从一处向另一处的运动,常表停顿后继续前进。如:They proceeded from London to Paris. (他们从伦敦往巴黎前进。)peogress 多表自然过程,指生长,发展等稳定地或循环往复地前进。如:The year is progressing, it will soon be summer. (光阴似箭,很快又是夏天了。) 16.advantage, benefit, profit advantage 常指一种使某人处于比其他人相对有利的地位,机会或时机。如:He had the advantage of good education. (受过良好的教育对他十分有利。) profit 多指报偿或报偿性的收入。如Did you make any profit last year? (你去年赚钱了吗?)benefit 指物质利益或精神方面的好处。如:I get no personal benefit from the business.(我个人从这家企业中并不获益。) 17.advise, convince, persuade 均可表“劝说”。advise表建议,规劝某人应该做某事或如何做。如:He advised me to put my money in the bank. (他劝我把钱存入银行。)convince指向某人陈述事实,运用推理或逻辑证明使某人信服。如:We convinced Smith to go by train rather than plane. (我们说服了史密斯乘火车而不乘飞机前往。)persuade指用感情说服某人去做某事。如:I persuaded him to go back to work. (我说服他回去工作了。) 18.affect, effect affect影响(动词)。如Smoking affects health.effect效果,影响(名词)。如:Government policy will not have any effect on us. 19.afford, provide, supply 都有“提供,供给”的意思。afford一般只用于抽象事物。provide 和supply意思相同,两个词都和with连用,构成provide /supply somebody with something的结构。 20.agree, consent agree 为常用词。如:Do you agree to the condition? (你同意这个条件吗?)consent为正式用词,多用于上下级的关系,表示同意别人的要求或请求。如:Did the king consent to your plan?(国王同意你的计划吗?) 21.aid, help, assist 用作动词均可表“帮助”。aid为正式用词,help最常用。assist最正式,表示协助某人做某事,尤指在体力上或具体事务上帮助和扶持。如:She employed a woman to assist her with the housework. (她雇了一名妇女帮她做家务。) 22.alive, living, live alive 指虽有死的可能,但仍活着,一般只作表语。living可用于人或物,作定语时可前可后。live只做前置定语,用于动物和个别事物前。 23.almost, nearly 一般说来,almost比nearly 表示的意思更接近“开始”、“完成” (目标)等。在all, every, always 前,两者都可用。如:He is almost (nearly) smoking. (他几乎每天抽烟。)almost可同never, no, nobody, none, nothing 连用,而nearly却不能。如:Almost no one believed her. (几乎没人相信他。) 24.alone, lonely alone只表“独自”的客观状态,没有感情色彩,只作表语;lonely表“孤独”,:“寂寞”,能作定语和表语。如:When she is left alone, she feels lonely. (剩下她一人时她就感到寂寞。)alone, only均可表“只有”,但alone须置于被修饰词之后,only往往置于被修饰词前。如:He alone (Only he) can remember the story. (只有他才能记起这段经历。) 25.already, all ready already已经(副词)。如:The plane had already landed before we got to the airport.all ready准备好的(作表语)。如:We were all ready to leave when the telephone rang. 26.alter, change 作不及物动词时,两者可通用。作及物动词时,alter是对局部,表面的改变,而change则是对本质的,全面的,彻底的改变。如:Can you alter the dress? (你会改做这件衣服吗?)Can you change the dress?(你能给我更换这件衣服吗?) 27.altogether, all together altogether总计,总共。如:Altogether there are six of us. (我们总计六人。)all together 全都在一起。如:We played the game all together. (我们大家都一起来玩游戏吧。) 28.amaze, astonish, surprise 都可作及物动词,意思相近,一般都是以事物作主语,人称作宾语。amaze强调“使惊讶”, 有时还有“惊叹”,“佩服”等意。astonish表示“使大吃一惊”,“几乎使人无法相信”之意。surprise 只表“出乎意料之外”。 29.among, between among 在……中间(三者或三者以上之间)。如:Our house is hidden among trees.between在两者之间。如:It is easy to distinguish between a Japanese and a Chinese. 30.announce, declare announce指宣布公众期望或与公众有关的事情,含有预告的意味。如:The government announced that they would pay their debts. (政府宣布将偿还债务。)declare指正式负责地宣布,声明,通常用于庄重的场合。如:The judge declared him guilty.(法官宣布他有罪。)