动词与动词时态

动词与动词时态 动词是英语中最重要的词汇，是英语句子中心，因此掌握动词是学好英语的关键。 一．动词的类别 动词包括四类：实义动词、情态动词、助动词、系动词，其中除了实义动词外，其的几类都得和动词或其他词一起构成谓语。 1．定义动词 实义动词又称行为动词，是具有实实在在意义能单独作谓语的动词。实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词后需带宾语意义才完整，如：buy, catch, invent, like, say等。不及物动词后不需或不能接宾语，如：live, agree, look, listen,come,rise等。 指出下列句子的动词分别属哪一类？ （1）He lives the city of Changsha. （2）He enjoys singing very much. （3）This meeting seems very important for us. （4）It,s getting colder and colder.I want to get a coat. （5）I have never watched such a wonderful match. （6）Yestdrday we had a very important meeting. （7）Must I stay her till he comes back? （8）Would you like another cup of tea? 2．系动词 系动词有一定的词义，但不完整，必须和作表语的形容词、名词、介词短语、副词及非谓语动词一起连用。如以上3、4小题。系动词分为两类：一类表示状态或存在，如 :be, remain, seem, appear, keep, look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, stay, lie, stand, sit等。另一类表示状态变化，如：go, come, turn, get, become, fall 等。 3．助动词 顾名思义助动词是用来帮助动词表现语法现象，如：否定、疑问、时态、语态的。如一般现在时的助动词是do, does; 一般过去时为did。 二．动词时态 （一）什么是时态？ 英语中不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态用不同的动词形式来表达；不同的方式如正在进行、已经完成也用不同的形式来体现，这便是时态。常用的时态见下表： 时间 方式 过去 现在 将来 一般 一般过去式 一般现在时 一般将来时 进行 过去进行时 现在进行时 将来进行时 完成 过去完成时 现在完成时 将来完成时         一般类 I practise speaking English half an hour every day. I practisd speaking Enghish half an hour yesterday. I will practice speaking English half an hour tomorrow. 一般类指动作既不正在进行又不涉及完成与否的一种广泛意义上的方式。 进行类 Listen !someone is calling your name. I was having an English class at 9:00 yesterday morning. I will be traveling on the train to Beijing at this time tomorrow. 进行表示此时此刻、过去某时、将来某时正在进行的动作。 完成类 She has finished all her homework already. He had learned some English before he went to England. The workers will have completed the new bridge by the end of this year. 完成表示到现在、过去某时、将来某时为止已经完成的动作。 （二）怎样确定时态？ 1．看时间状语，不同的时态有不同的时间状语，见下表：   时间状语 一般现在时 often, always, usually, sometimes, every day, in the morning, nowadays 一般过去时 yesterday, last week, two dqys ago,in 1990, the other day, just now, until recently 一般将来 tomorrow, next week,in five minutes 现在进行时 now, at this time, at this moment 过去进行时 this time yesterday, at 8 o’clock yesterday morning,when 从句 将来进行时 this time tomorrow, at 8 o’clock tomorrow morning 现在完成时 already, yet, just, ever, never, before, these days, in the past /last ten years, since…, for… 过去完成时 by the end of last month,when 从句 将来完成时 by the end of next month, when 从句     例：More than a dozen students in that school          (send) around to study medicine last year. 从last year 得知were sent 。 2.看上下文,尤其看上下文中的谓语动词的时态形式。 例1：He        (learn) more than 5 ,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15? 例2：—Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate. —Oh！I thought  they         (go)without me. 例1从句中entered 暗示用had learnt ,例2答语中thought 暗示用had gone。 3．研读语境，译成地道的符合逻辑的汉语。 例1．Scientists think that the continents         (be not) always where they (be) today . 例2．When the old man         (start) to walk back to his house, the sun (hide) itself behind the mountain. 例1．科学家认为这些大陆板块过去并不总是在它们今天的位置上。 （答案 weren ’t; are） 例2．当老人往回走时，太阳已下山了。（答案 started; had already hidden） (三)基础训练 1．I         （go）to school at 7:oo every morning. 2．I         (write) two letters last night . 3．I         (like) reading, but my sister          （like） writing. 4．My father usually          (take) a walk after supper, but today he （mend）his bicycle now . 5．The sun          (rise) in the east. 6．Practice          (make) perfect. 7．We often            (play) together when we were children. 8．My brother fell while he          (ride) his bicycle and hurt himsely 9．I         (see) it happen when I         (walk) past. 10. He         (live) here for three months when I met him. 11．By the time I got here, most of the visitors         (arrive) 12．The father was very angry to see what his son          (do) 13．He promised that he          (help) me with my maths. 14．Computers         (use) very widely in the world now. 15．Another bridge          （build）over the river and it          (come) into use at the end of this year. （四）能力训练（高考真题） 1．The sun was setting when my car         (break) down near a remote village. 2．This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often          (result) in the contrary to our intention. 3．People steped on your feel or          (push) you with their elbows, hurrying,ahead to get to a bargain.Her mother was excited“Your father has at last decided to stop smoding,”Jane         (inform) 4．He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder who had been his teacher. After a four-day journey, the young man         (present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled warmly, and thanded his studen very much for the sweet water. 5．I got on the bus and found a seat near the back and then I noticed a man sitting at the front. He        (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. (五)动词填空 根据短文的意思，用括号内动词的正确形式填入空格 （一） Anderson worked at a small college. One afternoon, he 1. Anderson worked at a small college.one aftermoon,he 1.           (tell) to go to the station to meet a history professor named J.Maurice, who2.         (give) lectures in his collage Anderson 3.         (never, meet) a professor coming from a university so far away. When Anderson 4.       (look) at the station clock it was ten to two. The train was already twenty minrtes late.Walking up and down the platform, he 5.         (become) more and more impatient. The train came at last, just when Anderson6.             (decide) to leave the staation. Only two people 7.         (get) out-an old farmer with his dog, and a young woman. Anderson said to himself that obviously Professor J. Maurice 8.         （miss） the train Just as he 9.           (leave) the station , simeone stopped him. He 10.             (surprise) to see the young woman who 11.         (jest get) off the train. “Are you Mr Anderson?” she asked. “Why, yes,”he answered. “I’m Jane Maurice, professor Jane Maurice. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.I was told you 12             (be) here to meet me.” (二) The clock 1.             (just strike) eleven when I heard a noise coming from the lift (电梯).I opened the door of my room and listened; someone2.         (beat) against the door of the life and 3.           (call) out at the same time. What’s wrong?” I shouted. “The door 4.           (stick) ,it seems, and I cannot get out,”the answer came back. The voice, which5.           (sound) like that of a girl, came from several floors below. After telling the girl that I 6.           (help),I went back into the room to get some tools and my wife went off to call the police.Then I 7.           (hurry) down the stairs until I reached the place. I tried my hand at forcing open the life door,8.           (talk) all the while to the girl who 9.         (trap) inside, but my tools were no use for this purpose.Very soon,however, my wite returned and said that the police 10.        (promise) to send an engineer. Shortly afterwards the engineer turned up with two policemen It 11.       (take) the engineer only a short while to get the door open.We waited anxiously.12      (be) the girl all right? “I’m hurry,”she said in good spirits as she stepped out. (三) Welcome to our school.I’d like to introduce you plans for our school. A lot of work 1  （do）in the past few years. The library   2  (complete) and is ready for use. But we still have to do more work. A new biology lab 3  (build) this year .But we don’t have enough money for the epuipment. Students in all grades  4  (collect) money. The money which is collected  5  (spend) on new equipment. At present, a plan 6 (make) for a party at the end of the term ,at which wonderful performances       7  (put) on . The gardens of the school  8  (improve) this year New trees  9  (plant) which will soon give shade in summer .The whole school 10   (paint) during the summer holidays. In fact, our school is becoming more and more beautiful.