明确目录格式英语论文目录格式.doc

明确目录格式英语论文目录格式.doc 明确目录格式英语论文目录格式----英语 毕业论文 毕业论文答辩ppt模板下载毕业论文ppt模板下载毕业论文ppt下载关于药学专业毕业论文临床本科毕业论文下载 -->摘要:针对英语专业毕业论文目录普遍存在比重失调、层次不清和结构混淆等问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 ，提出明确格式、精简标题、统一体例的解决对策，并举例说明。英语专业毕业论文目录(Contents)是论文撰写的一个有机组成部分，可视为论文的一扇窗口，它不仅映射论文的主要内容，而且反映论文的学术质量甚至学术价值。因此，切不可小看论文目录的撰写。 然而，在指导毕业论文的写作过程中，笔者发现不少学生撰写的目录存在比重失调、层次不清、结构混乱等不规范现象。那么如何才能撰写好英语专业毕业论文的目录呢?经分析研究，笔者认为，明确格式是前提，理清层次是基础，统一体例是保障。本文就此分述如下。 一、明确目录格式英语论文目录格式尽管因学校要求有所不同，但大同小异。总体说来，目录格式以分层次,1,均衡排列为佳，否则会造成比重失调，下级标题项数要么不均衡，要么欠完整。例如一篇题为“Difference Beterican cooking „„„„„„„„„„„3 2(1(1 Food in American culuture „„„„„„„„„3 2(2 History of Chinese cooking „„„„„„„„„„„„4 2(2(1 Food in Chinese culutre „„„„„„„„„„4 3(Different Dietary Concept „„„„„„„„„„„„„„5 3(1Sumptuous and luxurious feasts vs(simple and plain meals„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„6 3(2Collctivism vs.individualism „„„„„„„„„„„7 4(Different Table Etiquette „„„„„„„„„„„„„„8 4(1 Attendance time „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„9 4(2 Table taboos „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„10 4(3 Tableerican cooking和 2(2 History of Chinese cooking分别只有一项三级标题: 2(1(1 Food in American culture和2(2(1 Foodin Chinese culture。按照《MLA科研论文写作规范》，目录中标题数字和字母标号应一致，若无项数2就不应使用项数1，若无项数b就不应使用项数a。,2,上例中的三级标题 2(1(1和2(2(1恰恰与之相悖。当目录下级标题出现一个时，应采用合并，将其整合归属于其上级标题。,3,这样，不妨将该目录的2(1(1和2(2(1直接删去。经此删改后，会使目录各级标题均衡得当。再如一篇题为“Language Features of AdvertisingEnglish”的论文目录: 1(Introduction „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1 1(1 Rationale of the study „„„„„„„„„„„„„„1 1(2 Definition of advertising „„„„„„„„„„„„„1 2(Lexical Features „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1 2(1 Classification of advertising and its audience „„„„„2 2(2 Similarities at the lexical level „„„„„„„„„„3 2(3 Differences at the lexical level „„„„„„„„„„6 3(Syntactical Features „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„8 3(1 Similarities „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„9 3(2 Differences „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„10 4(Discourse Features „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„11 5(Conclusion „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„12Bibliography „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„13该目录一级标题中的2(Lexical Features和3(Syntac-tical Features都有二级标题阐述其异同，但其中的4(Discourse Features下的二级标题空缺，致使目录中二级标题不完整。就此问题，《英语写作手册》一书中指出:论述甲的项目多于论述乙的项目(如:I(A，B，C，D;II(A，B)，这是比较与对照文章的一个常犯的错误。,4,笔者认为，该目录中的这种二级标题完全空缺也可归属该类常犯错误。为使该目录完整，可再在其4(Discourse Features下增补4(1 Similarities和4(2 Differences两个二级标题即可。 二、理清层次关系在撰写目录的同时，还应注重理清层次关系，即:遵循同级标题表达同一层次相互并列内容的原则进行排列各级标题，不然就会出现层次混淆、脉络不清等问题。例如一篇题为“Cultural Similarities and Differ-ences of Connotations Betal Vocabulary”的论文目录: 1(Introduction „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1 2(The Significance of parison and Contrast of Animal al al e wo -->rd in te meaning „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3 3(1(2 The same cultural connotation of different animalal al al eaningbut poor in Chinese „„„„„„„„„„„„„„9 3(3(2 The eaningbut poor in English „„„„„„„„„„10 4(The Importance of Knoilarities andDifferences „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„10 5(Conclusion „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„11Bibliography „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„12本目录的问 题在于层次多处混淆。一是3(TheSimilarities and Differences of Animal ilarities of animal alal al al al al alilarities of Animal eaning „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3 2(2 The same cultural c -->onnotation of different animal al aking transition and getting feedback „„„„„„„1 2(2 Stimulating students’interest and inspiring thoughts „2 2(3 Promoting learning and causing inquisitive awareness „2 2(4 Developing partici -->pation and enouraging speaking in class„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„2 3(Classification of the Questions „„„„„„„„„„„„3 3(1 Convergent questions and divergent questions „„„„3 3(2 Prompting questions and probing questions „„„„„3 3(3 Displaying questions and referential questions „„„„4 4(Problems Existing in Teachers’Questioning „„„„„„„6 4(1 Irrelevant questions „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„6 4(2 Shalloely，inaccurate and negative evaluation „„„„6 5(Strategies of Questioning „„„„„„„„„„„„„„7 5(1 Preparing questions carefully „„„„„„„„„„„7 5(1(1 Setting purpose of questioning „„„„„„„„7 5(1(2 Using the art of questioning „„„„„„„„„8 5(2 Catching questioning opportunities timely „„„„„„9 5(3 Handling questiones properly „„„„„„„„„10 6(Conclusion „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„11Bibliography „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„12 值得一提的是:论文中的致谢(Acknoents)、摘要(Abstract)等部分应列入目录中，尽管其页码标记各校要求不一，但一般阿拉伯数字页码标记从正文开始计数。,7,四、结语目录在英语专业毕业论文撰写的实施过程中可谓举足轻重。论文撰写前，它能帮助组织论文材料;论文撰写中，它能检查落实论文进展;论文修改中，它能审视推理论文逻辑。目录的撰写及修订应从目录格式、层次关系、标题体例这三方面入手，着重核查目录中的各级标题是否比重均衡、层次清晰、结构得当。只有这样，才能确保论文的目录质量、乃至论文的学术水平。