电动车充电器的工作原理

电动车充电器的工作原理 基本介绍 电动车充电器是指电动车充电器是专门为电动自行车的电瓶配置的一个充电设备，充电器的分类: 用有、无工频(50赫兹)变压器区分，可分为两大类。货运三轮充电器一般使用带工频变压器的充电机，体积大、重量大、费电，但是可靠，便宜;电动自行车和电摩则使用所谓开关电源式充电器，省电，效率高，但是易坏。 开关电源式充电器的正确操作是:充电时，先插电池，后加市电;充足后，先切断市电，后拔电池插头。如果在充电时先拔电池插头，特别是充电电流大(红灯)时，非常容易损坏充电器。不过目前的很多电动车充电器的的技术研发已经达到了很高的水准，以高标科技所生产的高端充电器和好易充充电器为例，这两样产品目前都设计了过流防护、过载保护、限压充电、自动断电等功能，很大程度上保证了充电的安全。 常用的开关电源式充电器又分半桥式和单激式两大类，单激类又分为正激式和反激式两类。半桥式成本高，性能好，常用于带负脉冲的充电器;单激式成本低，市场占有率高。 工作原理: 220v交流电经T0双向滤波抑制干扰，D1整流为脉动直流，再经C11滤波形成稳定的300V左右的直流电。U1 为TL3842脉宽调制集成电路。其5脚为电源installation to be familiar with the drawings, and to be familiar with to order materials, know exactly what each part of the mullions used to avoid misattribution. Checks include the following the color is correct, oxide films if requested;section conforms to design including the height, angle, thickness, etclength requirementis easier to control, and therefore work both from a technical as well as management are particularly valued. 2. technology process: checks for vertical models, specifications, check the box in place, ferrule fixed Liang Xiaduan, and top bolted beam three dimensional adjustment. 3. basic operation: (1) check the vertical type and specification: before 负极，7脚为电源正极，6脚为脉冲输出直接驱动场效应管Q1(K1358) 3脚为最大电流限制，调整R25(2.5欧姆)的阻值可以调整充电器的最大电流。 2脚为电压反馈，可以调节充电器的输出电压。4脚外接振荡电阻R1,和振荡电容C1。T1为高频脉冲变压器，其作用有三个: 第一是把高压脉冲降压为低压脉冲。 第二是起到隔离高压的作用，以防触电。 第三是为uc3842提供工作电源。D4为高频整流管(16A60V)C10为低压滤波电容,D5为12V稳压二极管， U3(TL431)为精密基准电压源，配合U2(光耦合器4N35) 起到自动调节充电器电压的作用。调整w2(微调电阻)可以细调充电器的电压。D10是电源指示灯。D6为充电指示灯。 R27是电流取样电阻(0.1欧姆，5w)改变W1的阻值可以调整充电器转浮充的拐点电流 (200,300 mA)通电开始时，C11上有300v左右电压。此电压一路经T1加载到Q1。 第二路经R5,C8,C3, 达到U1的第7脚。强迫U1启动。U1的6脚输出方波脉冲，Q1工作，电流经R25到地。同时T1副线圈产生感应电压，经D3,R12给U1提供可靠电源。T1输出线圈的电压经D4,C10整流滤波得到稳定的电压。此电压一路经D7(D7起到防止电池的电流倒灌给充电器的作用)给电池充电。 第二路经R14,D5,C9, 为LM358(双运算放大器，1脚为电源地，8脚为电源正)及其外围电路提供12V工作电源。D9为LM358提供基准电压，经R26,R4分压达到LM358的第二脚和第5脚。正常充电时，R27上端有0.15,0.18V左右电压，此电压经R17加到LM358第三脚，从1脚送出高电压。此电压一路经R18,强迫Q2导通， D6(红灯)点亮，第二路注入LM358的6脚，7脚输出低电压，迫使Q3关断，D10(绿灯)熄灭，充电器进入恒流充电阶段。当电池电压上升到44.2V左右时,充电器进入恒压充电阶段，输出电压维持在44.2V左右，充电器进入恒压充电阶段，电流逐渐减小。当充电电流减小到200mA—300mA时，R27上端的电压下降，LM358的3脚电压低于2脚，1脚输出低电压，Q2关断，D6熄灭。同时7脚输出高电压，此电压一路使Q3导通，D10点亮。另一路经D8，W1到达反馈电installation to be familiar with the drawings, and to be familiar with to order materials, know exactly what each part of the mullions used to avoid misattribution. Checks include the following the color is correct, oxide films if requested;section conforms to design including the height, angle, thickness, etclength requirementis easier to control, and therefore work both from a technical as well as management are particularly valued. 2. technology process: checks for vertical models, specifications, check the box in place, ferrule fixed Liang Xiaduan, and top bolted beam three dimensional adjustment. 3. basic operation: (1) check the vertical type and specification: before 路，使电压降低。充电器进入涓流充电阶段。1,2小时后充电结束。 installation to be familiar with the drawings, and to be familiar with to order materials, know exactly what each part of the mullions used to avoid misattribution. Checks include the following the color is correct, oxide films if requested;section conforms to design including the height, angle, thickness, etclength requirementis easier to control, and therefore work both from a technical as well as management are particularly valued. 2. technology process: checks for vertical models, specifications, check the box in place, ferrule fixed Liang Xiaduan, and top bolted beam three dimensional adjustment. 3. basic operation: (1) check the vertical type and specification: before