高考英语阅读技巧-猜词

nullnull40/150null２００9年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 要求考生读懂公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能： 　 １、理解主旨要义； 　２、理解文中具体信息(细节题)； 　３、根据上下文推断生词的词义； 　４、作出简单判断和理解； 　５、理解文章的基本结构； 　６、理解作者的意图和态度。null高考阅读技巧 —猜测词义null06—08年重庆卷阅读理解 试题 中考模拟试题doc幼小衔接 数学试题 下载云南高中历年会考数学试题下载N4真题下载党史题库下载 分类情况null The underlined word “ … ” refers to (means) . Which of the following words can take the place of the word “ … ”? What is the meaning of “ … ” as the words are used in the text? Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ”? 常见词义猜测题型null 常用词义猜测技巧一、依据针对性解释二、依据内在逻辑关系三、根据构词法猜测词义null 常用词义猜测技巧一、依据针对性解释1、利用定义线索2、利用解释说明线索3、利用举例线索null一、依据针对性解释 常用词义猜测技巧1、利用定义线索特征：常有 be, be called, mean, refer to, be defined as等词语来提示。null例1 [,ænθrə’pɔlədʒi] Anthropology is the scientific study of man. Anthropology means _________.人类学例2 Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life. Desert refers to______. 沙漠null一、依据针对性解释常用词义猜测技巧2、利用解释说明线索特征：常有 that is(to say), in other words, namely,or 等词语来提示或者利用同位语或定语从句。null例1 In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water their fields. To irrigate means______. 注：or=mean 表示一词语对另一词语的解释关系或为其同义词语例2 His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. Zoologist refers to ________.动物学家灌溉null例3 [si’mæntiks] Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently. Semantics means_______. 例4 The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. Herdsman refers to ________.牧人 语义学null一、依据针对性解释常用词义猜测技巧3、利用举例线索特征：常有 for example, for instance, such as, like等词语来提示。null例1[,piəri’ɔdikəl] You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning. Periodicals means____________.期刊，杂志例2[si’lebriti] Like people in any country, Americans enjoy following the lives of celebrities: movie stars, sports heroes, famous artists, politicians, and the like. The word “celebrities”means_____.名人null常用词义猜测技巧二、依据内在逻辑关系4、利用对比关系线索5、利用因果关系线索6、利用同类关系线索7、利用一般常识线索null三 常用词义猜测技巧4、利用对比关系线索特征：常有but, however,while,unlike,in contrast,on the contrary,instead,despite 等表示对比或反义的词语来提示。二、依据内在逻辑关系null例1 Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know．His brother，in contrast，is quite humble（谦虚的） and modest． supercilious means ____________________.傲慢的，目空一切的例2 Though Tom's face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. Grubby means __________.肮脏的null 常用词义猜测技巧5、利用因果关系线索二、依据内在逻辑关系特征：常以 because, so that, so/such…that 等词汇及结构来体现。null例1 Tom is considered an autocratic administrator（管理人员） because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others． autocratic means ____________.独断专行的例2 The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow（浅的）. Turbid means __________.浑浊的null 常用词义猜测技巧二、依据内在逻辑关系6、利用同类关系线索特征：常有and,or, like, similarly, also 等表示词语来提示。null例1 Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health．They also regard drinking as harmful． detrimental means _________________.有害的，不利的例2 The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbour all called her an eccentric lady. eccentric means ____________.奇怪的null 常用词义猜测技巧二、依据内在逻辑关系特征： 一般能够根据自己的生活经验及生活常识来判断词义。7、利用一般常识线索null例1 My parents went out and got a new TV. That afternoon an antenna was put on the roof. antenna means ______________.天线例2 The students were jubilant when they learned that their school had placed first in the competition. jubilant mean__________________.兴高采烈的 null常用词义猜测技巧三、根据构词法猜测词义8、利用构词法中的词缀法9、利用构词法中的合成法10、利用构词法中的转化法null常用词义猜测技巧三、根据构词法猜测词义特征： 1、利用前缀和后缀构成新的单词 2、利用合成两个意义不同的词组合构成新的单词 3、利用转变单词的词性构成新的单词null前缀： 1. in-, im-,il-,ir-,non-, un-, dis-,mis-常表示否定,如：incorrect, impossible, illegal,irregular, nonstop, unfair ，disappear， mislead 后缀: 1. adj.-ness,如： happiness, illness, selfishness 2. V.-ment,如：equipment, entertainment, movement 3. V.-tion,如：education, communication,operation 4.形容词词性的词缀：-able, -cal, -ish, -ful, -ous, -al,如： comfortable, physical, childish, hopeful, delicious, dangerous, nationalnull例1When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him. impassable means______________.无法通过的例2Saint Valentine's Day is a time of happiness for lovers．Boys like to give girls flowers as presents．On that day，he came to see me with a forget-me-not in his hand． forget-me-not means ____________.勿忘我例3 Today it’s his turn to empty the rubbish. empty means________.倒空 小试身手： 小试身手：null1． Archaeology is the study of the buried remains of ancient times, such as houses, pots, tools and weapons. A. 地理学　 B. 生态学　 C. 心理学　 D. 考古学 2．Though Mr. Smith has been general manager for just three months, he has already made much greater achievements than his predecessors. A. 上级　　　B. 前任　　 C. 同事　　 D. 下级 3． The football game was getting more and more exciting, however, the old lady was still as dozy as she usually was. A. 昏昏欲睡的　B. 亢奋的 C. 欣喜若狂的　 D. 麻木的 4. All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key. A. 成功的　 B. 徒劳的　 C. 有效的　　D. 匆促的DBABnull 5. Remember that people on line may not be who they seem. Because you can't see or even hear the person. It would be easy for someone to misrepresent himself/ herself. Thus someone who says that "she is a 12-year-old girl." could really be an old man. A. making a wrong judgement about B. understanding somebody wrongly C. giving a wrong description of D. forming a wrong opinion about Cnull[6]（2002年全国卷E篇） A child’s birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle ; it can be a basket of fun , according to Beth Aneclerio, an Evaston mother of two , ages 4 and 18 months. 74、What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean? A. a party designed by specialists B. a plan requiring careful thought C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D. a demand made by guestsCnull9.“But,” said Kim, “ I feel that since you are my superior(领导,上司), it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.”( 2005 上海 B)full of respect B. too confident and rude C. lacking in experience D. too shy and quietnull10. Being considered a leader in our society is indeed of high praise. Leadership means power, commands respect and, most important, encourages achievement. Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can’t be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated. （ 2005 广东 B） The underlined word “ cultivated” roughly means: A. encouraged B. compared C. examined D. developed Dnull11 The house looked quite normal outside，but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display．（ 2006 江西 B） Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word "exotic" in the third paragraph? A. Messy and untidy.                        B. Rich and expensive C. Comfortable and calming.                  D. foreign and unusualDnull[7]（2004的辽宁卷B篇） Take V8 for example. For many years, the bright red color of tomatoes and carrots on the thin bottle makes you feel that it is very good for your body. And the word “green” today can keep food prices going up. It can be inferred from the passage that V8 is a kind of . A. vegetable dish B. healthy juice C. iced drink D. red vegetableBnull 8. The Jet d’Eau together with the Flower Watch are the main attractions every year for the tourists visiting Geneva.The Jet d’Eau has become the symbol(象征)of Geneva for a long time.This is a 140 meters high water monument with a rich history.Eight 13,500 watt projectors light the grand column(圆柱)of the fountain in the evening,from early March until the second Sunday of October. (2004重庆卷 A) The Jet d’Eau refers to _____ A. the water fountain B. the English Garden C. a new scene with electric lighting D.the name of a famous watchmakerAnull