三大从句

宾语从句 一．什么是宾语从句？ 宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。 I like English. 用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语，这就是宾语从句。 I think that I like English. 二．宾语从句“三要素” 1.要素一——连词（连接词） 宾语从句的连接词分为三种。 ( 1) 从属连词。连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if 和whether。其中，that引导的宾语从句 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示陈述意义，如: ①He said that he would go to the college next year. if或whether引导的宾语从句表示“是否（有，能，已经……）”有一般疑问句的含义。 ②I don’t know if there will be a bus anymore. ③Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. TIPS: 引导宾语从句的that 常可以省略, 但下列情况下不能省略。 ①and 连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句, 除第一个从句中的that 以外, 后面从句中的that 不能省略。如: Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened. ②that 引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时, that 不能省略。如: I know nothing about him except that he is a teacher. ③主句谓语动词与that 从句之间有插入语, that 不可省略。如: We decided, considering his age, that we would not let him do the job. ( 2) 连接代词。由who, whom, whose,what , whoever , whomever , whosever , whatever , whichever等连接代词引导的宾语从句主要用于表示特殊疑问句的含义，用于询问“谁，谁的，什么…”如: Do you know who is the woman over there? ( 3) 连接副词。由when, where, why,how, whenever, wherever, however 等连接副词引导的宾语从句同样用于表示特殊疑问句的含义，用于询问“时间，地点，原因，方式”。如: Tom asked who could give the message to her mother. Do you know what he said just now? I wondered how old his brother was. He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 小总结： A. 肯定句结构: 主句+ that(可有可无) B. 一般疑问句结构: 主句+ if/whether C. 特殊疑问句结构: 主句+ 疑问词 2.要素二——时态 宾语从句的时态要受主句时态的限制, 即宾语从句要和主句的时态保持一致。我们可从以下三个方面去把握宾语从句的时态。 ( 1) 如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时, 宾语从句时态不受限制, 可以根据实际表达的需要来确定。如: I know he is here today. ( 2) 如果主句是一般过去时, 宾语从句应与主句保持一致, 使用过去时态的某种形式。如: He said he was watching TV. ( 3) 如果宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象、科学真理等, 从句不受主句限制, 用一般现在时。如: Everyone answered there are sixty minutes in an hour. 小总结： A. 主现从不限(主句是一般现在时, 从句的时态不限) B. 主过从四过(主句是一般过去时, 从句的时态应是一般过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时或者过去进行时) 3.要素三——语序 在含有宾语从句的复合句中, 宾语从句都要使用陈述语序, 即“连词+陈述句语序”, 还要注意原来的助动词或情态动词要符合相关的时态。如: When did the train leave? I want to know. →I want to know when the train left. 小总结： A. 语序：主句+连词+陈述句语序 三．宾语从句的“三注意” 1.注意否定提前 当主句的谓语动词为think, believe, suppose 等, 且主语为第一人称时, 从句的否定要提前。如:I don’t think he will come to my party. 2.注意复合结构 在find, make, think 等一些可带有复合宾语的动词后, 为保持句子平衡, 常将真正的宾语( 主要是that 引导的从句) 后置, 而使用形式宾语it。如: I think we should learn English well important.→ I think it important that we should learn English well. 3.注意if 和whether 在宾语从句中的区别 ( 1) 介词后宾语从句一般用whether 引导。 ( 2) 少数动词, 如discuss 后的宾语从句常用whether。 ( 3) whether 后可以紧跟or not, 但是if 不可以。 ( 4) 在不定式前只能用whether。 ( 5) 避免歧义时, 我们常用whether 而不用if。 练习 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 ： 1. I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you． A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If 2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether he'll come 3. Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is? A. what B. how C. whether D. where 4. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help? A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended 5. I want to know _________. A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after 6. Do you know where _________ now? A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live 7. Do you know what time _________? A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves 8. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please? A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are 9. The small children don't know _________. A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings 10. I can't understand _________. A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means 11. The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take 12 .Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been 13 .The students want to know whether they___ dictation today. A. had B. has . C. will have D. are 14 .She asked Linda if___ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may 15 .Linda said the moon___ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled 16 .Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that 17 .I don't know ___ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where 18 .I hardly understand.___ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who 19 .She didn't know___ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be D.will he be 20 .I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D.when 21 .Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how 22 .He asked me _____told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose 23.They don't know ______their parents are. A that B what C why D which 24.Please tell me ______what last year. A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked 25.She asked me if I knew ______. A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it 26. You must remember ________. A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said 27.Did you know ____? A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after 28.Could you tell me ___? A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing 状语从句 一.什么是状语从句？ 　 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。例如 　1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副词) 　2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介词短语) 　3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day. (不定式) 　4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (过去分词) 　 可见，状语可以由副词、介词短语、动词不定式和分词等担当。而状语的位置也比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。 状语从句既是用句子充当状语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词。 二.状语从句的分类 1.时间状语从句 在复合句中，由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。 （1）.由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句。 　　When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无所知的时候，你就是在开始知道一些事物了。 　　When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.当真理被埋在地下的时候，它在生长，它感到压抑，它蓄存着这么一种爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就会炸破一切！ 　　注意：when, while和as的区别：when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。 　　When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我在吃饭。 　　When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。 　　We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。 　　While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。 　　While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生) 　　I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。 　　As表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调一先一后。 　　We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。 　　As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间） 　　（2）.由before和after引导的时间状语从句。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。如： 　　It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。 　　After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时） 　　（3）.由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。如： 　　I didn't go to bed until（till） my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。 　　It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。 　　Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。 　　（4）.由since引导的时间状语从句。 since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is ＋时间＋since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。 　　I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。 　　Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？ 　　It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。 　　It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。 　　（5）.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一……就”。 　　I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。 　　The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。 　　As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。 　　注意：hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。 　　He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家，就被邀请开始另一旅程。 　　No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。 　　Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。 　　He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。 　　（6）.由by the time引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。如： 　　By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。 　　By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。 　　（7）.由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。 　　Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我。 　　Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候，我猜想他就要说谎了。 　　You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你，见你更年轻了。 　　（8）.由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句。这两个连词表示“有多久……就多久”。 　　You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以随意到哪里去，只要在天黑以前回来就行。 另外，hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时，时间状语从句主句应用倒装语序。例如： 　　He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家，就被邀请开始另一旅程。 　　No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。 　　Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。 　　He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。 练习题： 1. It was quiet ________ those big trucks started coming through the town. A. before B. after C. until D. unless  2. It seemed only seconds ________ the boy finished washing his face. A. when B. before C. after D. even if 3. Hardly had he reached the school gate ________ the bell rang. A. while B. when C. as D. as soon as  4.We were told that we should follow the main road _____ we reached the central railway station. A. whenever    B. until   C. while    D. wherever 5. I recognized you ________ I saw you at the airport. A. the moment B. while C. after D. once  6. He was about to go to bed ________ the doorbell rang. A. while B. as C. before D. when 7.________I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. A. Every time B. When C. While D. Until 8. _____ John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. A. As B. As soon as C. While D. Till 9. The children ran away from the orchard(果园) ______ they saw the guard. A. the moment B. after C. before D. as 10. No sooner had I arrived home _____ it began to rain. A. when B. while C. as D. than 11. Several weeks had gone by _____ I realized the painting was missing. A. as   B. before   C. since    D. when 12. It _____ long before we ____ the result of the experiment. A. will not be; will know    B. is; will know    C. will not be ; know  D. is; know 13. –What was the party like?    --Wonderful.  It’s years _____ I enjoyed myself so much. A. after   B. before   C. when   D. since 14. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she_____. A. will arrive  B. arrives   C. is going to arrive   D. is arriving 15. _____ got into the room _____ the telephone rang. A. He hardly had; then   B. Hardly had he; when   C. He had not; then   D. Not had he; when 16. No sooner had he finished his talk _____ he was surrounded by the workers. A. as  B. then  C. than  D. when 17. –Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? --Yes, I gave it to her _____ I saw her. A. while  B. the moment  C. suddenly  D. once 18. I thought her nice and honest _____ I met her. A. first time  B. for the first time  C. the first time  D. by the first time 19. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _____ from the university next year. A. will graduate  B. will have graduated  C. graduates  D. is to graduate 20. The moment the 28th Olympic Games _____ open, the whole world cheered. A. declared  B. have been declared  C. have declared  D. were declared 2地点状语从句 地点状语从句表示地点、 方位， 这类从句通常由where引导。例如： Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者， 事竟成。// They will go where they are happy. 他们想到他们觉得快乐的地方去。 　　(1) 地点状语从句由where，wherever，引导，如： 　　We must camp where we can get water. 　　我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。 　　（2）地点状语从句与定语从句的区别 （主要区别在于分句在句中作什么成分。作状语，则是状语从句；作定语修饰名词，则是定语从句） 　　where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词；而状语从句前则无需先行词。如： 　　Go back where you came from.(where引导地点状语从句） 　　你从何处来到何处去。 　　Go back to the village where you came from.(where引导定语从句，修饰village) 　　回到你来的那个村子里去。 　　（3）地点状语从句的省略，如 　　Fill in the blanks with articles necessary.(necessary前省略了where it is) 　　在需要的地方填上冠词。 练习题： 1. The picture is not hanging ___ it should on the wall. A.until B. wherever C.where D.when 2. You'd better make a mark___ you have any questions. A.until B. which C.where D.when 3.原因状语从句 原因状语从句表原因。 （1）. because引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后， because表示直接原因， 语气最强， 最适合回答 why引导的疑问句。例如： I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。 　　注意： “not ... because”结构中的not否定的是because引导的整个从句， 例如： The country is not strong because it is large. 国强不在大。 　　（2）. since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、 显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”)， 较为正式， 语气比because弱。例如： Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics. 既然今天你休息， 你最好帮我补习数学。 　　注意： seeing (that)， now (that)， considering (that)， in that这几个词汇与since引导的原因状语从句意思相近， 都表示“既然”。例如： Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there’s no reason that we should now help him. 他既然曾经拒绝帮助我们， 我们现在没有理由要来帮助他。// Now (that) you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents. 既然你长大了， 就不应该依靠你的父母了。// Considering (that) everybody is here, let’s begin our discussion. 既然大家都到了， 我们就开始讨论吧。// In that he is ill, he feels unable to do it. 因为有病， 他觉得做不了那件事。 　　（3）. as 引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”， 语气比since弱， 较为正式， 位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前)。例如： As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi. 既然在下雨， 你最好乘出租汽车。// As you are tired, you had better rest. 既然累了， 你最好休息一下。// I went to bed early, as I was exhausted. 我睡得早， 因为我筋疲力尽了。 　　（4）. for引导的原因状语从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因， 只提供一些辅助性的补充说明， for引导的原因状语从句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。例如： He could not have seen me, for I was not there. 他不可能见过我， 因为我不在那里。 练习题： 1.He found it increasingly difficult to read, ____ his eyesight was beginning to fail. 　　A. and B. for C. but D. or 2.A man cannot smile like a child, ____ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone. 　　A. so B. but C. and D. for 4.目的状语从句 目的状语从句：从句部分是用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的。 表示目的状语的从句可以由that（以便），so that（以便），in order that（为了；以便），lest（免得；唯恐），for fear that（生怕；以免）。等词引导；目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。 例如： They set out early that they might arrive in time. 他们早点动身， 以便及时到达。 She takes notes carefully in class so that she may use them when she reviews her lessons after class. 她在课堂上认真记笔记， 以便她能在课后很好地复习功课。 He shouted at the top of his voice in order that he might be heard. 他尽力大声叫喊， 以便别人能听见。 I will not make a noise lest I (should) disturb you. 我不出声， 以免打搅你。 He is working hard for fear that he (should) fail. 他认真学习， 以免考不及格。 Take your umbrella in case it rains. 带上雨伞， 以防下雨。 练习题： （1）I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early ____ I can have time for a cup of tea. 　　A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that （2）Roses need special care ____ they can live through winter. 　　A. because B. so that C. even if D. as （3）Leave your key with a neighbor ____ you lock yourself out one day. 　　A. ever since B. even if C. soon after D. in case （4）I shall stay in the hotel all day ____ there is news of the missing child. 　　A.in case B.no matter C.in any case D.ever since 5.结果状语从句 结果状语从句：从句部分是补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的结果的，通常位于主句之后。 （1）. so that可以引导目的状语从句，也可以引导结果状语从句。 例如： He worried so that he couldn’t sleep.他急得睡不着。(so that引导结果状语从句) It was very cold, so that the river froze.天气寒冷， 河水都结冰了。(so that引导结果状语从句) I came to the class early so that I could see the classmate beside me.我赶早来上课， 以便早点看到我旁边的同学。(so that引导目的状语从句) （2）. 表示“如此……以致……”的“so... that...”和“such... that...”均可引导结果状语从句， 其中的such 是形容词， 修饰名词； so 是副词， 修饰形容词或副词， 具体的搭配形式是： —— “so＋adj./adv.＋that”， “so＋adj.(＋a/an)＋n.＋that”； —— “such(＋a/an)(＋adj.)＋n.＋that”。 例如： He speaks so fast that no one can catch him. 他说话太快， 无人听得明白。 There is so rapid an increase in population that a food shortage is caused. 人口增长如此迅速， 以致造成了粮食短缺。 Our country has so much coal that she can export large quantities. 我们国家的煤炭非常丰富， 可以大量出口。(so与表示数量的代词many， few， much， little等连用已经形成固定搭配， 这些场合下不能换用such的对应结构表示) The shop sells so expensive goods that I want to buy nothing in it. 这家商店出售的货物价格昂贵， 以致我在里面不想购买任何东西。 He’s such a good person that we mustn’t blame him. 他是这样好的人， 我们不能怪他。 They are such fine teachers that we all hold them in great respect. 他们是非常好的老师， 我们对他们极为尊敬。 It is such nice weather that I would like to go to the beach. 天气如此之好， 我想去海滩。 如果结果状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同， 可用so (adj./adv.) as to取代该结果状语从句， 注意体会以下例句： The weather was bad, so as to make a good photo hard to take. 天气恶劣， 以致难以拍出来好照片。 He was so kind as to phone for a taxi for the patient. 他是如此热心， 以至于他为病人打电话叫了出租车。 How could you be so stupid as to believe him? 你怎么这么笨， 竟相信了他的话？ 练习题： （1）Pop music is such an important part of society ____ it has even influence our language.　　 A. as B. that C. which D. where （2）His plan was such a good one ____ we all agreed to accept it. 　　A. so B. and C. that D. as （3）We were in ____ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. 　　A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rush 　　C. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush 6.条件状语从句 条件是指某一件事情实现之后（状语从句中的动作），其它事情（主句中的动作）才能发生，通常译作“假如”。（注意：在含有条件状语从句的复合句中，表示将来时态，主句是一般将来时态，从句要用一般现在时[主将从现原则]，并且，切记紧跟着if的那句话是从句。） 语法引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if,由if引导的条件状语从句表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。如: If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的。 If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.如果你考试不及格,你会让他失望的。 另外,if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设,从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时。如: If I were you, I would invite him to the party.如果我是你,我会邀请他参加聚会。 I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.如果没有堵车,我会到的早一点儿。 那么,除了if之外,是否还有其他连词也可以引导条件状语从句呢?回答是肯定的,不仅有,还有很多。这些词由于出现的频率较小,且用法较复杂一些,所以不如if为大家所熟知罢了。下面就这些词的用法以例句的形式进行一下简单总结。 （1）、unless conj.除非,若不,除非在……的时候 You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.如果你不早点动身,你就不能及时赶到那儿。 Unless it rains, the game will be played.除非下雨,比赛将照常进行。 （2）、on condition(that)...在……条件下,如果 on condition (that)...引导的条件从句是主句事件发生的前提条件或唯一条件。 I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.我可以告诉你真相,条件是你答应保守秘密。 You can go swimming on condition (that) you don't go too far from the river bank.你只有在不远离河岸的条件下才可以下水游泳。 (3）、supposing conj.如果,假如 supposing引导的条件从句表示一种假设条件。