2020年9月英语六级考试试题第1套及参考答案

2020年9月英语六级考试试题第1套PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Shecandevoteallherlifetopursuingherpassion.B)Heraccumulatedexpertisehelpshertoachievehergoals.C)ShecanspreadheracademicideasonaweeklyTVshow.D)Herresearchfindingsarewidelyacclaimedintheworld.2.A)ProvisionofguidancefornuclearlabsinEurope.B)TouringtheglobetoattendscienceTVshows.C)OverseeingtworesearchgroupsatOxford.D)Scienceeducationandscientificresearch.3.A)Abetterunderstandingofasubject.C)Abroaderknowledgeofrelatedfields.B)Astrongerwilltomeetchallenges.D)Acloserrelationshipwithyoungpeople.4.A)Byapplyingthelatestresearchmethods.C)Bybuildinguponpreviousdiscoveries.B)Bymakingfulluseoftheexistingdata.D)Byutilizingmorepowerfulcomputers.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Theycanpredictfutureevents.C)Theyhaveculturalconnotations.B)Theyhavenospecialmeanings.D)Theycannotbeeasilyexplained.6.A)Itwascanceledduetobadweather.C)Shedreamedofaplanecrash.B)Sheoversleptandmissedtheflight.D)Itwaspostponedtothefollowingday.7.A)Theycanbeaffectedbypeople'schildhoodexperiences.B)Theymaysometimesseemridiculoustoarationalmind.C)Theyusuallyresultfrompeople'sunpleasantmemories.D)Theycanhaveanimpactasgreatasrationalthinking.第1／12页8.A)Theycallforscientificmethodstointerpret.B)Theymirrortheirlong-cherishedwishes.C)Theyreflecttheircomplicatedemotions.D)Theyareoftenrelatedtoirrationalfeelings.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),--C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Radiowaves.C)Robots.B)Soundwaves.D)Satellites.10.A)Itmaybefreezingfastbeneaththeglacier.B)Itmayhavemicro-organismslivinginit.C)Itmayhavecertainraremineralsinit.D)Itmaybeasdeepasfourkilometers.11.A)Helpunderstandlifeinfreezingconditions.B)Helpfmdnewsourcesoffreshwater.C)Provideinformationaboutotherplanets.D)Shedlightonpossiblelifeinouterspace.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)Hefoundtherehadbeenlittleresearchontheirlanguage.B)HewastryingtopreservethelanguagesoftheIndiantribes.C)Hiscontactwithasocialworkerhadgreatlyarousedhisinterestinthetribe.D)HismeetingwithGonzalezhadmadehimeagertolearnmoreaboutthetribe.13.A)HetaughtCopelandtospeaktheTarahumaraslanguage.B)HepersuadedtheTarahumarastoacceptCopeland'sgifts.C)Herecommendedoneofhisbestfriendsasaninterpreter.D)HeactedasanintermediarybetweenCopelandandthevillagers.14.A)Unpredictable.C)Laborious.B)Unjustifiable.D)Tedious.第2／12页15.A)Theirappreciationofhelpfromtheoutsiders.B)Theirsenseofsharingandcaring.C)Theirreadinesstoadapttotechnology.D)Theirbeliefincreatingwealthforthemselves.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theytendtobesilencedintosubmission.B)Theyfindithardtodefendthemselves.C)Theywillfeelproudofbeingpioneers.D)Theywillfeelsomewhatencouraged.17.A)Onewhoadvocatesviolenceineffectingchange.B)Onewhocravesforrelentlesstransformations.C)Onewhoactsintheinterestsoftheoppressed.D)Onewhorebelsagainsttheexistingsocialorder.18.A)Theytriedtoeffectsocialchangebyforce.B)Theydisruptedthenation'ssocialstability.C)Theyservedasadrivingforceforprogress.D)Theydidmoreharmthangoodtohumanity.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Fewofuscanignorechangesinourimmediateenvironment.B)Itisimpossibleforustobeimmunefromoutsideinfluence.C)Fewofuscanremainunawareofwhathappensaroundus.D)Itisimportantforustokeepintouchwithourownworld.20.A)Makeuphismindtostartalloveragain.B)Stopmakingunfairjudgmentsofothers.C)Trytofindamoreexcitingjobsomewhereelse.D)Recognisethenegativeimpactofhiscoworkers.第3／12页21.A)Theyarequitesusceptibletosuicide.B)Theyimprovepeople'squalityoflife.C)Theysufferagreatdealfromillhealth.D)Theyhelppeoplesolvementalproblems.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)Fewpeoplecanidentifyitstexture.C)Itsrealvalueisopentointerpretation.B)Fewpeoplecandescribeitprecisely.D)Itsimportanceisoftenover-estimated.23.A)Ithasneverseenanychange.C)Itisawell-protectedgovernmentsecret.B)Ithasmuchtodowithcolor.D)Itisasubjectofstudybymanyforgers.24.A)Peoplehadlittlefaithinpapermoney.C)Itpredictedtheirvaluewouldincrease.B)Theycouldlastlongerincirculation.D)Theyweremoredifficulttocounterfeit.25.A)Thestabilizationofthedollarvalue.C)AgoldstandardforAmericancurrency.B)Theissuingofgovernmentsecurities.D)AsteadyappreciationoftheU.S.dollar.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Overall,menaremorelikelythanwomentomakeexcuses.Severalstudiessuggestthatmenfeeltheneedtoappearcompetentinall26,whilewomenworryonlyabouttheskillsinwhichthey'veinvested27.Askamanandawomantogodivingforthefirsttime,andthewomanislikelytojumpin,whilethemanislikelytosayhe'snotfeelingtoowell.Ironically,itisoftensuccessthatleadspeopletoflirtwithfailure.Praisewonfor28askillsuddenlyputsoneinthepositionofhavingeverythingtolose.Ratherthanputtingtheirreputationonthelineagain,manysuccessfulpeopledevelopahandicap-drinking,29,depression-thatallowsthemtokeeptheirstatusnomatterwhatthefuturebrings.Anadvertisingexecutive30fordepressionshortlyafterwinninganawardputitthisway:"Withoutmydepression,I'dbeafailurenow;withit,I'masuccess'onhold.'"Infact,thepeoplemostlikelytobecomechronicexcusemakersarethose31withsuccess.Suchpeoplearesoafraidofbeing32afailureatanythingthattheyconstantlydevelopone第4／12页handicaporanotherinordertoexplainawayfailure.Thoughself-handicappingcanbeaneffectivewayofcopingwithperformanceanxietynowandthen,intheend,researcherssay,itwillleadto33.Inthelongrun,excusemakersfailtoliveuptotheirtrue34andlosethestatustheycaresomuchabout.Anddespitetheirproteststothe35,theyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.A)contraryI)momentumB)fatigueJ)obsessedC)heavilyK)potentialD)heavingL)reahnsE)hospitalizedM)reciprocalF)labeledN)rumG)legacies0)viciouslyH)masteringSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.SixPotentialBrainBenefitsofBilingualEducationA)Brains,brains,brains.Peoplearefascinatedbybrainresearch.Andyetitcanbehardtopointtoplaceswhereoureducationsystemisreallymakinguseofthelatestneuroscience(#�:ff-!fr)findings.Butthereisonehappylinkwhereresearchismeetingpractice:bilingual(�i½�)education."Inthelast20yearsorso,there'sbeenavirtualexplosionofresearchonbilingualism,"saysJudithKroll,aprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside.B)Againandagain,researchershavefound,"bilingualismisanexperiencethatshapesourbrainforlife,"inthewordsofGigiLuk,anassociateprofessoratHarvard'sGraduateSchoolofEducation.Atthesametime,oneofthehottesttrendsinpublicschoolingiswhat'softencalleddual-languageortwo-wayimmersionprograms.C)TraditionalprogramsforEnglish-languagelearners,orELLs,focusonassimilatingstudentsintoEnglishasquicklyaspossible.Dual-languageclassrooms,bycontrast,provideinstructionacrosssubjectstobothEnglishnativesandEnglishlearners,inbothEnglishandatargetlanguage.Thegoalisfunctionalbilingualismandbiliteracyforallstudentsbymiddleschool.NewYorkCity,第5／12页NorthCarolina,Delaware,Utah,OregonandWashingtonstateareamongtheplacesexpandingdual-languageclassrooms.D)Thetrendfliesinthefaceofsomeoftheculturewarsoftwodecadesago,whenadvocatesinsistedon"Englishfirst"education.Mostfamously,CaliforniapassedProposition227in1998.ItwasintendedtosharplyreducetheamountoftimethatEnglish-languagelearnersspentinbilingualsettings.Proposition58,passedbyCaliforniavotersonNovember8,largelyreversedthatdecision,pavingthewayforahugeexpansionofbilingualeducationinthestatethathasthelargestpopulationofEnglish-languagelearners.E)SomeoftheinsistenceonEnglish-firstwasfoundedonresearchproduceddecadesago,inwhichbilingualstudentsunderperformedmonolingual(ifi¼�)EnglishspeakersandhadlowerIQscores.Today'sscholars,likeEllenBialystokatYorkUniversityinToronto,saythatresearchwas"deeplyflawed.""Earlierresearchlookedatsociallydisadvantagedgroups,"agreesAntonellaSoraceattheUniversityofEdinburghinScotland."Thishasbeencompletelycontradictedbyrecentresearch"thatcomparesgroupsmoresimilartoeachother.F)Sowhatdoesrecentresearchsayaboutthepotentialbenefitsofbilingualeducation?Itturnsoutthat,inmanyways,therealtricktospeakingtwolanguagesconsistsinmanagingnottospeakoneofthoselanguagesatagivenmoment-whichisfundamentallyafeatofpayingattention.Saying"Goodbye"tomornandthen"Gutentag"toyourteacher,ormanagingtoaskforacrayolarojainsteadofaredcrayon(��),requiresskillscalled"inhibition"and"taskswitching."Theseskillsaresubsetsofanabilitycalledexecutivefunction.G)Peoplewhospeaktwolanguagesoftenoutperformmonolingualsongeneralmeasuresofexecutivefunction."Bilingualscanpayfocusedattentionwithoutbeingdistractedandalsoimproveintheabilitytoswitchfromonetasktoanother,"saysSorace.H)Dothesesameadvantagesbenefitachildwhobeginslearningasecondlanguageinkindergarteninsteadofasababy?Wedon'tyetknow.Patternsoflanguagelearningandlanguageusearecomplex.ButGigiLukatHarvardcitesatleastonebrain-imagingstudyonadolescentsthatshowssimilarchangesinbrainstructurewhencomparedwiththosewhoarebilingualfrombirth,evenwhentheydidn'tbeginpracticingasecondlanguageinearnestbeforelatechildhood.I)Youngchildrenbeingraisedbilingualhavetofollowsocialcuestofigureoutwhichlanguagetousewithwhichpersonandinwhatsetting.Asaresult,saysSorace,bilingualchildrenasyoungasage3havedemonstratedaheadstartontestsofperspective-takingandtheoryofmind-bothofwhicharefundamentalsocialandemotionalskills.J)About10percentofstudentsinthePortland,Oregonpublicschoolsareassignedbylotterytodual-6·6第6／12页languageclassroomsthatofferinstructioninSpanish,JapaneseorMandarin,alongsideEnglish.JenniferSteeleatAmericanUniversityconductedafour-year,randomizedtrialandfoundthatthesedual-languagestudentsoutperformedtheirpeersinEnglish-readingskillsbyafullschool­year'sworthoflearningbytheendofmiddleschool.Becausetheeffectsarefoundinreading,notinmathorsciencewheretherewerefewdifferences,Steelesuggeststhatlearningtwolanguagesmakesstudentsmoreawareofhowlanguageworksingeneral.K)TheresearchofGigiLukatHarvardoffersaslightlydifferentexplanation.Shehasrecentlydoneasmallstudylookingatagroupof100fourth-gradersinMassachusettswhohadsimilarreadingscoresonastandardtest,butverydifferentlanguageexperiences.Somewereforeign-languagedominantandotherswereEnglishnatives.Here'swhat'sinteresting.Thestudentswhoweredominantinaforeignlanguageweren'tyetcomfortablybilingual;theywerejuststartingtolearnEnglish.Therefore,bydefinition,theyhadamuchweakerEnglishvocabularythanthenativespeakers.Yettheywerejustasgoodatinterpretingatext."Thisisverysurprising,"Luksays."Youwouldexpectthereadingcomprehensionperformancetomirrorthevocabulary-it'sacornerstoneofcomprehension."L)Howdidtheforeign-languagedominantspeakersmanagethisfeat?Well,Lukfound,theyalsoscoredhigherontestsofexecutivefunctioning.So,eventhoughtheydidn'thavehugementaldictionariestodrawon,theymayhavebeengreatpuzzle-solvers,takingintoaccounthigher-levelconceptssuchaswhetherasinglesentencemadesensewithinanoverallstoryline.Theygottothesameresultsasthemonolinguals,byadifferentpath.M)Americanpublicschoolclassroomsasawholearebecomingmoresegregatedbyraceandclass.Dual-languageprogramscanbeanexception.BecausetheyarecomposedofnativeEnglishspeakersdeliberatelyplacedtogetherwithrecentimmigrants,theytendtobemoreethnicallyandeconomicallybalanced.Andthereissomeevidencethatthishelpskidsofallbackgroundsgaincomfortwithdiversityanddifferentcultures.N)Severaloftheresearchersalsopointedoutthat,inbilingualeducation,non-English-dominantstudentsandtheirfamiliestendtofeelthattheirhomelanguageisheardandvalued,comparedwithaclassroomwherethehomelanguageisleftatthedoorinfavorofEnglish.Thiscanimprovestudents'senseofbelongingandincreaseparents'involvementintheirchildren'seducation,includingbehaviorslikereadingtochildren."Manyparentsfeartheirlanguageisanobstacle,aproblem,andiftheyabandonittheirchildwillintegratebetter,"saysAntonellaSoraceoftheUniversityofEdinburgh."Wetellthemthey'renotdoingtheirchildafavorbygivinguptheirlanguage."0)Onethemethatwasstrikinginspeakingtoalltheseresearcherswasjusthowstronglytheyadvocatedfordual-languageclassrooms.ThomasandCollierhaveadvisedmanyschoolsystems第7／12页onhowtoexpandtheirdual-languageprograms,andSoraceruns"BilingualismMatters,"aninternationalnetworkofresearcherswhopromotebilingualeducationprojects.Thistypeofadvocacyamongscientistsisunusual;evenmoresobecausethe"bilingualadvantagehypothesis"isbeingchallengedonceagain.P)Areviewofstudiespublishedlastyearfoundthatcognitiveadvantagesfailedtoappearin83percentofpublishedstudies,thoughinaseparateanalysis,thesumofeffectswasstillsignificantlypositive.Onepotentialexplanationofferedbytheresearchersisthatadvantagesthataremeasurableintheveryyoungandveryoldtendtofadewhentestingyoungadultsatthepeakoftheircognitivepowers.And,theycounteredthatnonegativeeffectsofbilingualeducationhavebeenfound.So,eveniftheadvantagesaresmall,theyarestillworthit.Nottomentiononeobvious,outstandingfact:"Bilingualchildrencanspeaktwolanguages!"36.Astudyfoundthattherearesimilarchangesinbrainstructurebetweenthosewhoarebilingualfrombirthandthosewhostartlearningasecondlanguagelater.37.Unliketraditionalmonolingualprograms,bilingualclassroomsaimatdevelopingstudents'abilitytousetwolanguagesbymiddleschool.38.Astudyshowedthatdual-languagestudentsdidsignificantlybetterthantheirpeersinreadingEnglishtexts.39.Abouttwentyyearsago,bilingualpracticewasstronglydiscouraged,especiallyinCalifornia.40.Ethnicallyandeconomicallybalancedbilingualclassroomsarefoundtobehelpfulforkidstogetusedtosocialandculturaldiversity.41.Researchersnowclaimthatearlierresearchonbilingualeducationwasseriouslyflawed.42.Accordingtoaresearcher,dual-languageexperiencesexertalifelonginfluenceonone'sbrain.43.Advocatesofbilingualeducationarguedthatitproducespositiveeffectsthoughtheymaybelimited.44.Bilingualspeakersoftendobetterthanmonolingualsincompletingcertaintasksbecausetheycanconcentratebetteronwhattheyaredoing.45.Whentheirnativelanguageisused,parentscanbecomemoreinvolvedmtheirchildren'seducation.第8／12页SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Itisnotcontroversialtosaythatanunhealthydietcausesbadhealth.Norarethebasicelementsofhealthyeatingdisputed.Obesityraisessusceptibilitytocancer,andBritainisthesixthmostobesecountryonEarth.Thatisapublichealthemergency.Butnamingtheproblemistheeasypart.Noonedisputesthecostsinqualityoflifeanddepletedhealthbudgetsofanobesepopulation,butthequestforsolutionsgetsdivertedbyideologicalargumentsaroundresponsibilityandchoice.Andthewaterismuddiedbylobbyingfromtheindustriesthatprofitfromconsumptionofobesity-inducingproducts.Historicalprecedentsuggeststhatscienceandpoliticscanovercomeresistancefrombusinessesthatpolluteandpoisonbutittakestime,andsuccessoftenstartssmall.SoitishearteningtonotethataprogrammeinLeedshasachievedareductioninchildhoodobesity,becomingthefirstUKcitytoreverseafatteningtrend.Thebestresultswereamongyoungerchildrenandinmoredeprivedareas.When28%ofEnglishchildrenagedtwoto15areobese,anationalshiftonthescaleachievedbyLeedswouldlengthenhundredsofthousandsoflives.AsignificantfactorintheLeedsexperienceappears-----tobeaschemecalledHENRY,whichhelpsparentsrewardbehavioursthatpreventobesityinchildren.Manymembersofparliamentareuncomfortableevenwiththeirowngovernment'santi-obesitystrategy,sinceitinvolvesa"sugartax"andabanonthesaleofenergydrinkstounder-16s.Bansandtaxescanbebluntinstruments,buttheirharshestcriticscanrarelysuggestbettermethods.Thesecriticsjustopposeregulationitself.Therelationshipbetweenpoorhealthandinequalityistoopronouncedforgovernmentstobepassiveaboutlarge-scaleintervention.Peoplelivinginthemostdeprivedareasarefourtimesmorepronetodiefromavoidablecausesthancounterpartsinmoreaffluentplaces.Asthestructuralnatureofpublichealthproblemsbecomeshardertoignore,thecomplaintaboutoverprotectivegovernmentlosespotency.Infact,thepolariseddebateoverpublichealthinterventionsshouldhavebeenabandonedlongago.Governmentactionworkswhenindividualsaremotivatedtorespond.Individualsneedgovernmentsthatexpandaccesstogoodchoices.TheHENRYprogrammewasdeliveredinpartthroughchildren'scentres.Closingsuchcentresandcuttingcouncilbudgetsdoesn'tmagicallyincreasereservesofindividualself-reliance.Thefunctionofawell-designedstateinterventionisnottodeprivepeopleoflibertybuttobuildsocialcapacityandinfrastructurethathelpspeopletakeresponsibilityfortheirwellbeing.Theobesitycrisiswillnothaveasolutiondevisedbyleftorrightideology-butexperienceindicatesthattheprivatesectorneedstheincentiveofregulationbeforeitstartstakingpublichealthemergenciesseriously.第9／12页46.WhyistheobesityprobleminBritainsodifficulttosolve?A)Governmenthealthbudgetsaredepleted.B)Peopledisagreeastowhoshoulddowhat.C)Individualsarenotreadytotaketheirresponsibilities.D)Industrylobbyingmakesithardtogethealthyfoods.47.Whatcanwelearnfromthepastexperienceintacklingpublichealthemergencies?A)Governmentshavearoletoplay.B)Publichealthisascientificissue.C)Priorityshouldbegiventodeprivedregions.D)Businesses'responsibilityshouldbestressed.48.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutsomecriticsofbansandtaxesconcerningunhealthydrinks?A)Theyarenotawareoftheconsequencesofobesity.B)Theyhavenotcomeupwithanythingmoreconstructive.C)Theyareuncomfortablewithparliament'santi-obesitydebate.D)Theyhavetheirownmotivesinopposinggovernmentregulation.49.Whydoestheauthorstresstherelationshipbetweenpoorhealthandinequality?A)Todemonstratethedilemmaofpeoplelivingindeprivedareas.B)TobringtolighttherootcauseofwidespreadobesityinBritain.C)Tohighlighttheareadeservingthemostattentionfromthepublic.D)Tojustifygovernmentinterventioninsolvingtheobesityproblem.50.Whenwillgovernmentactionbeeffective?A)Whenthepolariseddebateisabandoned.B)Whenideologicaldifferencesareresolved.C)Whenindividualshavetheincentivetoactaccordingly.D)Whentheprivatesectorrealisestheseverityofthecrisis.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Hometovirginreefs,raresharksandvastnumbersofexoticfish,theCoralSeaisauniquehavenofbiodiversityoffthenortheastemcoastofAustralia.IfaproposalbytheAustraliangovernmentgoesahead,theregionwillalsobecometheworld'slargestmarineprotectedarea,withrestrictionsorbansonfishing,miningandmarinefarming.TheCoralSeareservewouldcoveralmost990,000squarekilometresandstretchasfaras1,100kilometresfromthecoast.UnveiledrecentlybyenvironmentministerTonyBurke,theproposalwouldbethelastinaseriesofproposedmarinereservesaroundAustralia'scoast.第10／12页Buttheschemeisattractingcriticismfromscientistsandconservationgroups,whoarguethatthegovernmenthasn'tgonefa