Bell Labs 贝尔实验室的历史

BellLabsBellLabsU.S.headquartersatNewProvidence,NewJerseyBellLaboratoriesistheonewhostudiedphysicsattheuniversityofthepeopleshouldhaveheardthename.Forscientistsaroundtheworld,thenameisknowntoeverybody.ThelaboratoryoftheU.S.timeofthe80yearssinceitsinceptionin1925,made​​manyimportantinventionsanddiscoveries,changingthephysics,butalsochangedtheworld.January1th,1925,thethenpresidentofAT&T,WalterGifford,acquisitionoftheresearchdepartmentoftheWesternelectronicscompanies,theestablishmentofanindependententitycalledthe“BellTelephoneLaboratories,Inc.”,laterrenamedtheBellLabs.Asthemostoutstandingandwell-knownlaboratoryareamongtheworldscientificcommunityintheentire20thcentury,nowwetalkaboutitsachievement. In1933,KarlJanskybyelectrostaticnoiseinthelong-distancecommunicationoftheresearchfoundthatthegalacticcenterinthecontinuousemissionofradiowaves,theradiowavesiscalledthe3Kbackgroundradiation.Throughthisresearchandradioastronomy. In1947,BellLabsinventedthetransistor.Oneoftheinventorofthetransistor.Bratton TheShannon(ClaudeShannon)1948published<<mathematicalprinciplesofcommunication>>andlaidthefoundationformoderncommunicationtheory. In1958,BellLabsinventedthelaser. In1969,BellLabsisthebirthplaceoftheUNIXoperatingsystemandClanguageBellLabsNobelPrize-winningscientistBellLabsNobelPrize-winningscientist  No.  Name Awardsandaward-winningreasons Award-winningwork Completethework  nationality time age time age 1 C.J.Davisson ThediscoveryoftheelectrondiffractionVerifythetheoryofmatterwaves  1937          USA 2 J.Bardeen Inventionofthetransistor   1956 50 1947 41  USA 3 W.H.Brittain 44 1947 45 4 W.B.Shockley 46 1947 37 5  P.W.Anderson StudythemagneticanddisorderedTheelectronicstructureofthematerial  1977  54  1955  32  USA 6 A.A.Penzias FoundthecosmicmicrowaveBackgroundThebackgroundradiation  1978 45 1963 32 7 R.Wilson 42 1963 27 USA 8 S.Chu(朱棣文) FoundthecosmicmicrowaveBackgroundThebackgroundradiation 1997 49 1985 37 ChineseAmerican 9 H.Stormer  FoundamixedfractionchargeOfthenewquantum  1998 39 1982 33 USA 10 D.C.Tsui(崔琦) 49 1982 43 ChineseAmerican 11 R.C.Laughlin 48 1982 32 USABellLabs,thetypeofwork：Principallyengagedintelecommunicationstechnologyinbasictheoreticalresearchinbasicresearch,includingmathematics,physics,materialsscience,behavioralscience,andcomputerprogrammingconcepts.Systemsengineeringresearchconstitutesahighlycomplexsystemoftelecommunicationsnetworks.ThedevelopmentdepartmentisthelargestdepartmentofBellLabs,responsibleforthedesignconstitutestheBellSystemtelecommunicationsnetworkequipmentandsoftwareNaturemagazineinAugust2008,reportedthesurprisingnews:WithAT&Tin1996becauseoffinancialdifficultiestosellpartofthebranches,includingBellLabswassoldtoFrance,Alcatel-Lucent(Alcatelafterthecompany-Lucent),BellLabs,frombadtoworse,aroundMay2008,thenumberofit‘spositiveresearcherorprofessorhasdroppedtofourorfivepeoplefromtheheydayofonlyfourpeople,manyunderit,foritsproductionbasicresearchmaterialfactorywasforcedtoclose.TheriseandfallofBellLabs,isreminiscentoftheonceverybrilliantCambridgeUniversityCavendishLaboratory,thinkoftheCopenhagenSchool,GöttingenSchoolandColumbiaSchool...WhereisnextBellLabs?China?