chapter 1 Greek Mythology

GREEKMYTHSChapteronecreationOutlineIntroductiontoGreekMyths1.WhatdoGreekmythsmeantous?2.CharacteristicsofGreekmyths3.GreekmythsandRomanmythsText(chapterone)1.Creationoftheworld(beingofuniverse)2.Creationofman(Prometheus)3.Thefiveagesofman(Hesiod)4.Deucalion’sfloodAllusions WhyisthecreationofHumanismattributedtotheGreeks?IntroductiontoGreekMythsCharacteristicsofGreekmyths WhatarethechiefcharacteristicsofGreekculture? Rationalismandhumanism理性主义精神和人本主义精神。 TheGreeksmadetheirgodshuman-like,andactuallyglorifiedthehumanbodyintheirgods.ThatisthebeginningofHumanism. 希腊众神的形象具有鲜明的人性化特征。人性至上，以人为本是希腊文化最突出，最与众不同的部分，因而也是欧洲人文思想的 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 现和根源。SimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenGreekandRomanmythology.CharacteristicsofGreekmythsGreekmythsvs.Romanmyths Greco-Romanmythology,isactuallymadeupoftwobranches:GreekmythologyandRomanmythology,andthelatterwasdevelopedoutoftheformer.Throughculturaldiffusion,GreekMythologybecamepartoftheRomanMythology.Toalargedegree,itwastheRomanswhobroughtGreek(andHellenistic)culturetoworldattention.Culturally,GreeceandRomewerejustaboutthesame.TheRomansweregreatadmirersofGreekcultureandcopiedeverythingincludinggodsandtheirspecificranks，thenRomanizedthem.Hence,ZeusbecameJupiterandbothwerechiefgods.Athena，GreekgoddessofwisdombecameMinervaetc..罗马人除了接受古希腊人的文化外，也几乎全盘接受了古希腊的宗教和神话。罗马神话只在相应的神头上保留了系统而古老的罗马称谓。比如，宙斯的罗马称谓是朱庇特，爱神阿佛洛狄忒即维纳斯，SimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenGreekandRomanmythology.神话故事起源于对自然的崇拜泰坦神系Titans(12)普罗米修斯的故事奥林匹亚神系Olympians(12)神话故事神话英雄传说英雄传说起源于祖先崇拜。早期英雄大力士赫拉克勒斯伊阿宋的故事忒修斯的故事特洛伊战争的故事神话的分类theclassificationofGreekmythologyCharacteristicsofGreekmyths 1.anthropomorphism神人同形同性 2.pursuitofknowledgeandadventuresinnature渴求知识,探索自然 3.pantheistic/polytheistic泛神的,多神系统4.aclearsystemoftheogony清晰完整的众神谱系summeryIntroductiontoGreekMythsCharacteristicsofGreekmythscreationoftheworldGaea（地母盖亚）Uranus(天神乌拉纽斯，为盖亚所生，后成为盖亚的丈夫)12Titans，Cronus(克洛纽斯，泰坦神之一).CronusZeuschaos(混沌世界,传说中天地形成前模糊一团的景象，原始天神)hissisterRheatheprimevalGodsandtheTitans希腊神话的原始神与泰坦神系genealogyCronusATitan,Cronuskilledhisfatherandbecometheruleroftheworld.LateronhemarriedhissisterRhea.creationoftheworldTheTitansAfterswallowingfivechildren,Rheabecameangry.andtrickedCronus.ShesecretlycarriedthechildtoCreteandthenwrappedastoneinswaddlingcloths.Cronus,thinkingitwasababy,atethestone.CronusandRhea——marriagebetweenbrotherandsister宙斯的母亲,时光女神瑞亚.creationoftheworldTheTitansOnlytheyoungestescapedthisfate.ThechildwasZeus.RheahadanymphcareforZeusuntilhecameofage.Finallyherescuedhisfivebrothersandsisters，Hestia,Demeter,Hera,Hades,andPoseidonfromCronus,RheagivesarockwrappedtoCronuscreationoftheworldTheTitans苏埃埃苏拉的红像陶双耳尖底瓶约公元前410～前400年发现于希腊米洛陶质/高69.5厘米，直径32.40厘米1875年入藏卢浮宫瓶画上描绘的是奥林匹斯众神与巨人，泰坦神，战斗的场景。在画面的中心位置上，宙斯正准备雷劈一个巨人，与宙斯一起的还有驾着战车的胜利女神，身披狮皮、手持弓箭的赫拉克勒斯。赫拉克勒斯左边是雅典娜，她身披盔甲，手持盾牌，正将矛刺向一位巨人。其身后是战神阿瑞斯和爱与美之神阿芙罗狄蒂驾驶的战车，他们的儿子爱神厄洛斯也手持弓箭。creationoftheworldAwarbetweentheOlympiansandtheTitansPrometheus,oneoftheTitansinGreekmythology,butinthewarbetweenZeusandthegiantsheandhisbrotherEpimetheushadstoodonthesideofthenewOlympiangods,joinedinthepartsofZeus,soZeusdidn’tpunishhimafterthewar.creationofmanPrometheus---thefriendofman                                               "TheCreationofman“460BCEBritishMuseumcreationofmanPrometheuscreatedhumansbyshapingclayintosmallfiguresresemblingthegods.Athenaadmiredthesefiguresandbreathedonthem,givingthemlife.Sculpture,PrometheusandtheFirstMan.creationofmanoutoftheclayPrometheusmadethefirstman，towhomAthenagavesoulandholybreath．Louvre普罗米修斯从宙斯手中偷取火种。TheTheftofFire, However，Prometheusmanagedtostealfirefromheavenandsecretlybroughtitdowntomen TopunishPrometheus,Zeuschainedthegodtoarockonamountainpeak.EverydayaneagletoreatPrometheus'sbodyandatehisliver,andeverynightthelivergrewback.BecausePrometheuswasimmortal,hecouldnotdie.Buthesufferedendlessly. immortalabletoliveforeverPunishmenttoPrometheusZeusboundandpunishedPrometheusandhisperiodofpainlastedthirty-thousandyears．PrometheuswasbundHeraclesLibratesPrometheus ItwasHeracleswhoeventuallykilledtheeagleandsetthefriendofmankindfree， Zeusdecidedtosendherdowntomenasapresent.SoHermes,themessengerbroughthertoEpimetheus,brotherofPrometheus.Thegreatnessofherbeautytouchedtheheartsofallwholookeduponher,andEpimetheushappilyreceivedherintohishouse.HehadquiteforgottenPrometheus'warning:nevertoacceptanythingfromZeus.Thecouplelivedahappylifeforsometime.Thentroublecameontothehumanworld.Pandora'sBoxPunishmenttoman openanunlabelledjartoseewhat’sinside? itcontainedtheevilsPandora'sBox 不過盒子底還深藏著一件美好的東西，那就是希望。潘朵拉聽從宙斯的告誡，在「希望」還沒有來得及飛出的時候，趕緊關上盒子，因此希望就永遠被關在盒子裡了。Pandora'sBoxthegoldenageFiveagesofman Whichageisresemblingtopresent-daysociety?Why?Deucalion’sflood WhydidZeuswanttodestroymenoftheIronAge? WhosurvivedtheFlood?Why? WhydotheGreekslookbacktoDeucalionandPyrratheirgreatancestor?Deucalion’sflood So,theycoveredtheirheads,loosenedtheirclothes,andthrewthestonesbehindthem.ThenstonesDeucalionthrewtookontheshapesofmen,andwomenwereremadefromthosethrownbyPyrrha.HencetheGreekslookbacktoDeucalionandPyrratheirgreatancestorDeucalion&Pyrrha