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[footnoteRef:1][1:Thisparagraphofthefirstfootnotewillcontainthedateonwhichyousubmittedyourpaperforreview.Itwillalsocontainsupportinformation,includingsponsorandfinancialsupportacknowledgment.Forexample,“ThisworkwassupportedinpartbytheU.S.DepartmentofCommerceunderGrantBS123456”.Thenextfewparagraphsshouldcontaintheauthors’currentaffiliations,includingcurrentaddressande-mail.Forexample,F.A.AuthoriswiththeNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology,Boulder,CO80305USA(e-mail:author@boulder.nist.gov).S.B.Author,Jr.,waswithRiceUniversity,Houston,TX77005USA.HeisnowwiththeDepartmentofPhysics,ColoradoStateUniversity,FortCollins,CO80523USA(e-mail:author@lamar.colostate.edu).T.C.AuthoriswiththeElectricalEngineeringDepartment,UniversityofColorado,Boulder,CO80309USA,onleavefromtheNationalResearchInstituteforMetals,Tsukuba,Japan(e-mail:author@nrim.go.jp).]PreparationofPapersforIEEETRANSACTIONSandJOURNALS(April2013)FirstA.Author,Fellow,IEEE,SecondB.Author,andThirdC.Author,Jr.,Member,IEEEAbstract—TheseinstructionsgiveyouguidelinesforpreparingpapersforIEEETransactionsandJournals.UsethisdocumentasatemplateifyouareusingMicrosoftWord6.0orlater.Otherwise,usethisdocumentasaninstructionset.TheelectronicfileofyourpaperwillbeformattedfurtheratIEEE.Papertitlesshouldbewritteninuppercaseandlowercaseletters,notalluppercase.Avoidwritinglongformulaswithsubscriptsinthetitle;shortformulasthatidentifytheelementsarefine(e.g.,"Nd–Fe–B").Donotwrite“(Invited)”inthetitle.Fullnamesofauthorsarepreferredintheauthorfield,butarenotrequired.Putaspacebetweenauthors’initials.Defineallsymbolsusedintheabstract.Donotcitereferencesintheabstract.Donotdeletetheblanklineimmediatelyabovetheabstract;itsetsthefootnoteatthebottomofthiscolumn.IndexTerms—Enterkeywordsorphrasesinalphabeticalorder,separatedbycommas.Foralistofsuggestedkeywords,sendablanke-mailtokeywords@ieee.orgorvisithttp://www.ieee.org/documents/taxonomy_v101.pdfINTRODUCTIONTHISDOCUMENTisatemplateforMicrosoftWordversions6.0orlater.IfyouarereadingapaperorPDFversionofthisdocument,pleasedownloadtheelectronicfile,TRANS-JOUR.DOC,fromtheIEEEWebsiteathttp://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.htmlsoyoucanuseittoprepareyourmanuscript.IfyouwouldprefertouseLATEX,downloadIEEE’sLATEXstyleandsamplefilesfromthesameWebpage.UsetheseLATEXfilesforformatting,butpleasefollowtheinstructionsinTRANS-JOUR.DOCorTRANS-JOUR.PDF.Ifyourpaperisintendedforaconference,pleasecontactyourconferenceeditorconcerningacceptablewordprocessorformatsforyourparticularconference.GuidelinesForManuscriptPreparationWhenyouopenTRANS-JOUR.DOC,select“PageLayout”fromthe“View”menuinthemenubar(View|PageLayout),(theseinstructionsassumeMS6.0.Someversionsmayhavealternatewaystoaccessthesamefunctionalitiesnotedhere).Then,typeoversectionsofTRANS-JOUR.DOCorcutandpastefromanotherdocumentandusemarkupstyles.Thepull-downstylemenuisattheleftoftheFormattingToolbaratthetopofyourWordwindow(forexample,thestyleatthispointinthedocumentis“Text”).Highlightasectionthatyouwanttodesignatewithacertainstyle,thenselecttheappropriatenameonthestylemenu.Thestylewilladjustyourfontsandlinespacing.Donotchangethefontsizesorlinespacingtosqueezemoretextintoalimitednumberofpages.Useitalicsforemphasis;donotunderline.ToinsertimagesinWord,positionthecursorattheinsertionpointandeitheruseInsert|Picture|FromFileorcopytheimagetotheWindowsclipboardandthenEdit|PasteSpecial|Picture(with“floatovertext”unchecked).IEEEwilldothefinalformattingofyourpaper.Ifyourpaperisintendedforaconference,pleaseobservetheconferencepagelimits.AbbreviationsandAcronymsDefineabbreviationsandacronymsthefirsttimetheyareusedinthetext,evenaftertheyhavealreadybeendefinedintheabstract.AbbreviationssuchasIEEE,SI,ac,anddcdonothavetobedefined.Abbreviationsthatincorporateperiodsshouldnothavespaces:write“C.N.R.S.,”not“C.N.R.S.”Donotuseabbreviationsinthetitleunlesstheyareunavoidable(forexample,“IEEE”inthetitleofthisarticle).OtherRecommendationsUseonespaceafterperiodsandcolons.Hyphenatecomplexmodifiers:“zero-field-cooledmagnetization.”Avoiddanglingparticiples,suchas,“Using(1),thepotentialwascalculated.”[Itisnotclearwhoorwhatused(1).]Writeinstead,“Thepotentialwascalculatedbyusing(1),”or“Using(1),wecalculatedthepotential.”Useazerobeforedecimalpoints:“0.25,”not“.25.”Use“cm3,”not“cc.”Indicatesampledimensionsas“0.1cm0.2cm,”not“0.10.2cm2.”Theabbreviationfor“seconds”is“s,”not“sec.”Use“Wb/m2”or“weberspersquaremeter,”not“webers/m2.”Whenexpressingarangeofvalues,write“7to9”or“7-9,”not“7~9.”Aparentheticalstatementattheendofasentenceispunctuatedoutsideoftheclosingparenthesis(likethis).(Aparentheticalsentenceispunctuatedwithintheparentheses.)InAmericanEnglish,periodsandcommasarewithinquotationmarks,like“thisperiod.”Otherpunctuationis“outside”!Avoidcontractions;forexample,write“donot”insteadof“don’t.”Theserialcommaispreferred:“A,B,andC”insteadof“A,BandC.”Ifyouwish,youmaywriteinthefirstpersonsingularorpluralandusetheactivevoice(“Iobservedthat...”or“Weobservedthat...”insteadof“Itwasobservedthat...”).Remembertocheckspelling.IfyournativelanguageisnotEnglish,pleasegetanativeEnglish-speakingcolleaguetocarefullyproofreadyourpaper.HowtoCreateaPostScriptFileFirst,downloadaPostScriptprinterdriverfromhttp://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/pdrvwin.htm(forWindows)orfromhttp://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/pdrvmac.htm(forMacintosh)andinstallthe“GenericPostScriptPrinter”definition.InWord,pasteyourfigureintoanewdocument.PrinttoafileusingthePostScriptprinterdriver.Filenamesshouldbeoftheform“fig5.ps.”UseOpenTypefontswhencreatingyourfigures,ifpossible.Alistingoftheacceptablefontsareasfollows:OpenTypeFonts:TimesRoman,Helvetica,HelveticaNarrow,Courier,Symbol,Palatino,AvantGarde,Bookman,ZapfChancery,ZapfDingbats,andNewCenturySchoolbook.MATHIfyouareusingWord,useeithertheMicrosoftEquationEditorortheMathTypeadd-on(http://www.mathtype.com)forequationsinyourpaper(Insert|Object|CreateNew|MicrosoftEquationorMathTypeEquation).“Floatovertext”shouldnotbeselected.EquationsNumberequationsconsecutivelywithequationnumbersinparenthesesflushwiththerightmargin,asin(1).Firstusetheequationeditortocreatetheequation.Thenselectthe“Equation”markupstyle.Pressthetabkeyandwritetheequationnumberinparentheses.Tomakeyourequationsmorecompact,youmayusethesolidus(/),theexpfunction,orappropriateexponents.Useparenthesestoavoidambiguitiesindenominators.Punctuateequationswhentheyarepartofasentence,asin (1)Besurethatthesymbolsinyourequationhavebeendefinedbeforetheequationappearsorimmediatelyfollowing.Italicizesymbols(Tmightrefertotemperature,butTistheunittesla).Referto“(1),”not“Eq.(1)”or“equation(1),”exceptatthebeginningofasentence:“Equation(1)is....”UnitsUseeitherSI(MKS)orCGSasprimaryunits.(SIunitsarestronglyencouraged.)Englishunitsmaybeusedassecondaryunits(inparentheses).Thisappliestopapersindatastorage.Forexample,write“15Gb/cm2(100Gb/in2).”AnexceptioniswhenEnglishunitsareusedasidentifiersintrade,suchas“3½-indiskdrive.”AvoidcombiningSIandCGSunits,suchascurrentinamperesandmagneticfieldinoersteds.Thisoftenleadstoconfusionbecauseequationsdonotbalancedimensionally.Ifyoumustusemixedunits,clearlystatetheunitsforeachquantityinanequation.TheSIunitformagneticfieldstrengthHisA/m.However,ifyouwishtouseunitsofT,eitherrefertomagneticfluxdensityBormagneticfieldstrengthsymbolizedasµ0H.Usethecenterdottoseparatecompoundunits,e.g.,“A·m2.”SomeCommonMistakesTheword“data”isplural,notsingular.Thesubscriptforthepermeabilityofvacuumµ0iszero,notalowercaseletter“o.”Thetermforresidualmagnetizationis“remanence”;theadjectiveis“remanent”;donotwrite“remnance”or“remnant.”Usetheword“micrometer”insteadof“micron.”Agraphwithinagraphisan“inset,”notan“insert.”Theword“alternatively”ispreferredtotheword“alternately”(unlessyoureallymeansomethingthatalternates).Usetheword“whereas”insteadof“while”(unlessyouarereferringtosimultaneousevents).Donotusetheword“essentially”tomean“approximately”or“effectively.”Donotusetheword“issue”asaeuphemismfor“problem.”Whencompositionsarenotspecified,separatechemicalsymbolsbyen-dashes;forexample,“NiMn”indicatestheintermetalliccompoundNi0.5Mn0.5whereas“Ni–Mn”indicatesanalloyofsomecompositionNixMn1-x.Beawareofthedifferentmeaningsofthehomophones“affect”(usuallyaverb)and“effect”(usuallyanoun),“complement”and“compliment,”“discreet”and“discrete,”“principal”(e.g.,“principalinvestigator”)and“principle”(e.g.,“principleofmeasurement”).Donotconfuse“imply”and“infer.”Prefixessuchas“non,”“sub,”“micro,”“multi,”and“ultra”arenotindependentwords;theyshouldbejoinedtothewordstheymodify,usuallywithoutahyphen.Thereisnoperiodafterthe“et”intheLatinabbreviation“etal.”(itisalsoitalicized).Theabbreviation“i.e.,”means“thatis,”andtheabbreviation“e.g.,”means“forexample”(theseabbreviationsarenotitalicized).AgeneralIEEEstyleguideisavailableathttp://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.htmlFig.1.Magnetizationasafunctionofappliedfield.Notethat“Fig.”isabbreviated.Thereisaperiodafterthefigurenumber,followedbytwospaces.Itisgoodpracticetoexplainthesignificanceofthefigureinthecaption.TABLEIUnitsforMagneticPropertiesSymbolQuantityConversionfromGaussianandCGSEMUtoSIamagneticflux1Mx108Wb=108V·sBmagneticfluxdensity,magneticinduction1G104T=104Wb/m2Hmagneticfieldstrength1Oe103/(4)A/mmmagneticmoment1erg/G=1emu103A·m2=103J/TMmagnetization1erg/(G·cm3)=1emu/cm3103A/m4Mmagnetization1G103/(4)A/mspecificmagnetization1erg/(G·g)=1emu/g1A·m2/kgjmagneticdipolemoment1erg/G=1emu41010Wb·mJmagneticpolarization1erg/(G·cm3)=1emu/cm34104T,susceptibility14masssusceptibility1cm3/g4103m3/kgpermeability14107H/m=4107Wb/(A·m)rrelativepermeabilityrw,Wenergydensity1erg/cm3101J/m3N,Ddemagnetizingfactor11/(4)Verticallinesareoptionalintables.Statementsthatserveascaptionsfortheentiretabledonotneedfootnoteletters.aGaussianunitsarethesameascgemuformagnetostatics;Mx=maxwell,G=gauss,Oe=oersted;Wb=weber,V=volt,s=second,T=tesla,m=meter,A=ampere,J=joule,kg=kilogram,H=henry.GuidelinesforGraphicsPreparationandSubmissionTypesofGraphicsThefollowinglistoutlinesthedifferenttypesofgraphicspublishedinIEEEjournals.Theyarecategorizedbasedontheirconstruction,anduseofcolor/shadesofgray:Color/GrayscalefiguresFiguresthataremeanttoappearincolor,orshadesofblack/gray.Suchfiguresmayincludephotographs,illustrations,multicolorgraphs,andflowcharts.LineartfiguresFiguresthatarecomposedofonlyblacklinesandshapes.Thesefiguresshouldhavenoshadesorhalf-tonesofgray.Onlyblackandwhite.AuthorphotosHeadandshouldersshotsofauthorswhichappearattheendofourpapers.TablesDatachartswhicharetypicallyblackandwhite,butsometimesincludecolor.MultipartfiguresFigurescompiledofmorethanonesub-figurepresentedside-by-side,orstacked.Ifamultipartfigureismadeupofmultiplefiguretypes(onepartislineart,andanotherisgrayscaleorcolor)thefigureshouldmeetthestricterguidelines.FileFormatsForGraphicsFormatandsaveyourgraphicsusingasuitablegraphicsprocessingprogramthatwillallowyoutocreatetheimagesasPostScript(PS),EncapsulatedPostScript(.EPS),TaggedImageFileFormat(.TIFF),PortableDocumentFormat(.PDF),orPortableNetworkGraphics(.PNG)sizesthem,andadjuststheresolutionsettings.IfyoucreatedyoursourcefilesinoneofthefollowingprogramsyouwillbeabletosubmitthegraphicswithoutconvertingtoaPS,EPS,TIFF,PDF,orPNGfile:MicrosoftWord,MicrosoftPowerPoint,orMicrosoftExcel.Whensubmittingyourfinalpaper,yourgraphicsshouldallbesubmittedindividuallyinoneoftheseformatsalongwiththemanuscript.SizingofGraphicsMostcharts,graphs,andtablesareonecolumnwide(3.5inches/88millimeters/21picas)orpagewide(7.16inches/181millimeters/43picas).Themaximumdepthagraphiccanbeis8.5inches(216millimeters/54picas).Whenchoosingthedepthofagraphic,pleaseallowspaceforacaption.Figurescanbesizedbetweencolumnandpagewidthsiftheauthorchooses,howeveritisrecommendedthatfiguresarenotsizedlessthancolumnwidthunlesswhennecessary.Thereiscurrentlyonepublicationwithcolumnmeasurementsthatdon’tcoincidewiththoselistedabove.ProceedingsoftheIEEEhasacolumnmeasurementof3.25inches(82.5millimeters/19.5picas).Thefinalprintedsizeofauthorphotographsisexactly1inchwideby1.25inchestall(25millimetersx38millimeters/6picasx7.5picas).Authorphotosprintedineditorialsmeasure1.59incheswideby2inchestall(40millimetersx50millimeters/9.5picasx12picas).ResolutionTheproperresolutionofyourfigureswilldependonthetypeoffigureitisasdefinedinthe“TypesofFigures”section.Authorphotographs,color,andgrayscalefiguresshouldbeatleast300dpi.Lineart,includingtablesshouldbeaminimumof600dpi.VectorArtWhileIEEEdoesacceptvectorartwork,itisourpolicyistorasterizeallfiguresforpublication.Thisisdoneinordertopreservethefigures’integrityacrossmultiplecomputerplatforms.ColorSpaceThetermcolorspacereferstotheentiresumofcolorsthatcanberepresentedwithinthesaidmedium.Forourpurposes,thethreemaincolorspacesareGrayscale,RGB(red/green/blue)andCMYK(cyan/magenta/yellow/black).RGBisgenerallyusedwithon-screengraphics,whereasCMYKisusedforprintingpurposes.AllcolorfiguresshouldbegeneratedinRGBorCMYKcolorspace.GrayscaleimagesshouldbesubmittedinGrayscalecolorspace.LineartmaybeprovidedingrayscaleORbitmapcolorspace.Notethat“bitmapcolorspace”and“bitmapfileformat”arenotthesamething.Whenbitmapcolorspaceisselected,.TIF/.TIFFistherecommendedfileformat.AcceptedFontsWithinFiguresWhenpreparingyourgraphicsIEEEsuggeststhatyouuseofoneofthefollowingOpenTypefonts:TimesNewRoman,Helvetica,Arial,Cambria,andSymbol.IfyouaresupplyingEPS,PS,orPDFfilesallfontsmustbeembedded.Somefontsmayonlybenativetoyouroperatingsystem;withoutthefontsembedded,partsofthegraphicmaybedistortedormissing.Asafeoptionwhenfinalizingyourfiguresistostripoutthefontsbeforeyousavethefiles,creating“outline”type.Thisconvertsfontstoartworkwhatwillappearuniformlyonanyscreen.UsingLabelsWithinFiguresFigureAxislabelsFigureaxislabelsareoftenasourceofconfusion.Usewordsratherthansymbols.Asanexample,writethequantity“Magnetization,”or“MagnetizationM,”notjust“M.”Putunitsinparentheses.Donotlabelaxesonlywithunits.AsinFig.1,forexample,write“Magnetization(A/m)”or“Magnetization(Am1),”notjust“A/m.”Donotlabelaxeswitharatioofquantitiesandunits.Forexample,write“Temperature(K),”not“Temperature/K.”Multiplierscanbeespeciallyconfusing.Write“Magnetization(kA/m)”or“Magnetization(103A/m).”Donotwrite“Magnetization(A/m)1000”becausethereaderwouldnotknowwhetherthetopaxislabelinFig.1meant16000A/mor0.016A/m.Figurelabelsshouldbelegible,approximately8to10pointtype.SubfigureLabelsinMultipartFiguresandTablesMultipartfiguresshouldbecombinedandlabeledbeforefinalsubmission.Labelsshouldappearcenteredbeloweachsubfigurein8pointTimesNewRomanfontintheformatof(a)(b)(c).FileNaming Figures(lineartworkorphotographs)shouldbenamedstartingwiththefirst5lettersoftheauthor’slastname.Thenextcharactersinthefilenameshouldbethenumberthatrepresentsthesequentiallocationofthisimageinyourarticle.Forexample,inauthor“Anderson’s”paper,thefirstthreefigureswouldbenamedander1.tif,ander2.tif,andander3.ps. Tablesshouldcontainonlythebodyofthetable(notthecaption)andshouldbenamedsimilarlytofigures,exceptthat‘.t’isinsertedin-betweentheauthor’snameandthetablenumber.Forexample,authorAnderson’sfirstthreetableswouldbenamedander.t1.tif,ander.t2.ps,ander.t3.eps. Authorphotographsshouldbenamedusingthefirstfivecharactersofthepicturedauthor’slastname.Forexample,fourauthorphotographsforapapermaybenamed:oppen.ps,moshc.tif,chen.eps,andduran.pdf. Iftwoauthorsormorehavethesamelastname,theirfirstinitial(s)canbesubstitutedforthefifth,fourth,third...lettersoftheirsurnameuntilthedegreewherethereisdifferentiation.Forexample,twoauthorsMichaelandMonicaOppenheimer’sphotoswouldbenamedoppmi.tif,andoppmo.eps.ReferencingaFigureorTableWithinYourPaperWhenreferencingyourfiguresandtableswithinyourpaper,usetheabbreviation“Fig.”evenatthebeginningofasentence.Donotabbreviate“Table.”TablesshouldbenumberedwithRomanNumerals.CheckingYourFigures:TheIEEEGraphicsCheckerTheIEEEGraphicsCheckerToolenablesauthorstopre-screentheirgraphicsforcompliancewithIEEETransactionsandJournalsstandardsbeforesubmission.Theonlinetool,locatedathttp://graphicsqc.ieee.org/,allowsauthorstouploadtheirgraphicsinordertocheckthateachfileisthecorrectfileformat,resolution,sizeandcolorspace;thatnofontsaremissingorcorrupt;thatfiguresarenotcompiledinlayersorhavetransparency,andthattheyarenamedaccordingtotheIEEETransactionsandJournalsnamingconvention.Attheendofthisautomatedprocess,authorsareprovidedwithadetailedreportoneachgraphicwithinthewebapplet,aswellasbyemail.FormoreinformationonusingtheGraphicsCheckerTooloranyothergraphicsrelatedtopic,contacttheIEEEGraphicsHelpDeskbye-mailatgraphics@ieee.org.SubmittingYourGraphicsBecauseIEEEwilldothefinalformattingofyourpaper,youdonotneedtopositionfiguresandtablesatthetopandbottomofeachcolumn.Infact,allfigures,figurecaptions,andtablescanbeplacedattheendofyourpaper.Inadditionto,oreveninlieuofsubmittingfigureswithinyourfinalmanuscript,figuresshouldbesubmittedindividually,separatefromthemanuscriptinoneofthefileformatslistedaboveinsectionVI-J.Placefigurecaptionsbelowthefigures;placetabletitlesabovethetables.Pleasedonotincludecaptionsaspartofthefigures,orputthemin“textboxes”linkedtothefigures.Also,donotplacebordersaroundtheoutsideofyourfigures.ColorProcessing/PrintinginIEEEJournalsAllIEEETransactions,Journals,andLettersallowanauthortopublishcolorfiguresonIEEEXplore®atnocharge,andautomaticallyconvertthemtograyscaleforprintversions.Inmostjournals,figuresandtablesmayalternativelybeprintedincolorifanauthorchoosestodoso.Pleasenotethatthisservicecomesatanextraexpensetotheauthor.Ifyouintendtohaveprintcolorgraphics,includeanotewithyourfinalpaperindicatingwhichfiguresortablesyouwouldliketobehandledthatway,andstatingthatyouarewillingtopaytheadditionalfee.ConclusionAconclusionsectionisnotrequired.Althoughaconclusionmayreviewthemainpointsofthepaper,donotreplicatetheabstractastheconclusion.Aconclusionmightelaborateontheimportanceoftheworkorsuggestapplicationsandextensions.AppendixAppendixes,ifneeded,appearbeforetheacknowledgment.AcknowledgmentThepreferredspellingoftheword“acknowledgment”inAmericanEnglishiswithoutan“e”afterthe“g.”Usethesingularheadingevenifyouhavemanyacknowledgments.Avoidexpressionssuchas“Oneofus(S.B.A.)wouldliketothank....”Instead,write“F.A.Authorthanks....”Inmostcases,sponsorandfinancialsupportacknowledgmentsareplacedintheunnumberedfootnoteonthefirstpage,nothere.ReferencesandFootnotesA.ReferencesReferencesneednotbecitedintext.Whentheyare,numbercitationsontheline,insquarebracketsinsidethepunctuation.Multiplereferencesareeachnumberedwithseparatebrackets.Whencitingasectioninabook,pleasegivetherelevantpagenumbers.Intext,refersimplytothereferencenumber.Donotuse&ldquo