考研模考英语一

nullnull考研英语(一)模考主讲老师：@心一老师nullSection Ⅱ Reading Comprehension 　　Part A 　　Directions: 　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET . (40 points)nullBut, copying others is a reality of doing business. In African open markets, women will switch from selling bananas to selling yams once they notice that their neighbors are making more profits from yams. Even in developed markets like Western Europe and the U. S. , companies copy—though with enough sophistication to avoid legal problems. null21. The author mentions the African open markets to illustrate the idea that ______. [A] copying is also a natural course of doing business. [B] investing risks are reduced when startups learn to copy. [C] the most profitable businesses are good at copying. [D] copycats can earn a lot more than business innovators. nullIn traditional investing philosophy, the most innovative firms are potentially the most profitable. So, from business books to business schools and corporate boards, everyone is talking about innovation. Yet, the focus on entrepreneurship training and startup intervention programs has centered on innovation. Few people ask entrepreneurs to go out there and copy others. The push to the top of the innovation index means that some companies will try to avoid what others have done—even when others are yielding better results. null22. Traditionally, even when a business model works well, _________. [A] companies may not necessarily earn money with it. [B] startups that operate under it may not be innovative. [C] innovators that invent it may not earn respect and profits. [D] companies are discouraged from copying this model. nullPersonally, that has always been my way of looking at business—innovate or perish. And I have also supported the notion that innovation is central to economic prosperity. But I experienced a different perspective in Abuja, Nigeria, two months ago when I visited to keynote a tech conference. I can understand companies copying ideas and adapting them for specific markets. But the story of this kind challenges that thinking. null23. The author’s experience in Nigeria causes him to ______. [A] doubt the way tech conferences are conducted in Africa. [B] re-evaluate the investments made in the African context. [C] re-assess his original idea about innovation and copying. [D] stop pushing for innovation where startups are concerned. nullImitating others may not offer the best path to becoming an industry leader. And it’s not without risk. For instance, pioneers can command strong market loyalty that could be difficult for copycats to overcome. Still, startups need to understand that even big companies copy. null 24. Pioneers of innovative ideas can ______. [A] adjust their ideas to screen copycats out of their market. [B] order copycats not to enter the market in which they operate. [C] keep a stable group of loyal consumers attached to them. [D] attract customers from copycat companies fairly easily. nullEntrepreneurs need to think about whether they need to innovate when there are business models that can be copied lawfully. null25. The advice given by the author to startups is ______. 　　[A] "Put loyalty before anything else. " 　　[B] "Copy when you cannot innovate. " 　　[C] "Take no risk in copying legal ideas. " [D] "Don’t disgrace your businesses with copying. "nullBut step back and you’ll see a bright spot, perhaps the best economic news the U. S. has witnessed since the rise of Silicon Valley: Made in the USA is making a comeback. Climbing out of the recession, the U. S. has seen its manufacturing growth outpace that of other advanced nations. null26. The good news is that ______. 　[A] America has climbed out of the recession. 　[B] the manufacturing sector is recovering. 　[C] America still leads other advanced nations. 　[D] customers want to buy American goods. nullSome economists argue that the gains are a natural part of the business cycle, rather than a sustainable recovery in the sector. But I would argue that the improvements of the last three years aren’t a blip. They are the sum of a powerful equation refiguring the global economy. U. S. factories increasingly have access to cheap energy thanks to the increased availability of oil and gas. For companies outside the U. S., it’s the opposite: high global oil prices translate into costlier fuel for ships and planes. null 27. The author differs from other economists in that he insists _____. [A] the manufacturing growth is a sustainable recovery. [B] cheap oil price is the main cause for the recovery. [C] reduced labor cost has saved American economy. [D] a strong union is behind the improvements in business. nullThey are the sum of a powerful equation refiguring the global economy. U. S. factories increasingly have access to cheap energy thanks to the increased availability of oil and gas. null28. The word "equation" (Para. 3) probably means _______. [A] a formula in mathematical model of economy. [B] a complex of variable elements or factors. [C] an obstacle that stands in the way of growth. [D] a calculation about the future economic trend. nullThe trick for U. S. companies is to develop new manufacturing techniques ahead of global competitors and then use them to produce goods more efficiently on superautomated factory floors. These factories of the future have more machines and fewer workers. The bar will only get higher: Some experts believe it won’t be too long before employers will expect a four-year degree—a job qualification that will eventually be required in many other places around the world too. null29. Sustainable growth in manufacturing can only be brought about by _____. [A] lower cost of labor. [B] lower energy prices. [C] more machines but fewer workers. [D] the latest techniques. nullWe’re going to see new jobs, but nowhere near the number some people expect, especially in the short term. " Still, if the U. S. can get this right, though, the payoff will be tremendous. null30. The author concludes the discussion by saying ______. [A] one should not expect too much of the manufacturing growth. [B] tremendous investment is needed to sustain the present growth. [C] U. S. firms should make the best use of the current situation. [D] not many people have realized the importance of the new situation. nullPart B 　　Directions: 　　The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41～45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A～G to fill them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs B and C have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET . ( 10 points) nullOrder: B→41. →42. →43. →44. →45. →C null[A] But the response of national test enthusiasts has been to introduce yet more tests. The single level tests, now being piloted, risk making things worse as long as they remain connected to national reporting and target setting. The current plan is for twice-a-year testing slots, just piling up the stress on staff, which is unfortunately but inevitably transmitted to most children. The pity is that just a bit of modification of the proposals for single level tests would result in a much better system. The excellent aspirations for them voiced by Mr Balls could become a reality, if they really were under the control of teachers without the tyranny of targets. null[B] Like other education ministers before him, Ed Balls has been badly briefed about tests. Every teacher knows that it’s necessary to test pupils. The problems start when they have the wrong kinds of tests, and the results are used for too many purposes—at least 18in England according to one senior figure. When tests are used for high-stakes targets, things start to go badly wrong. null[C] And the damage that would be prevented? A generation of young people who know how to pass tests, but do not know how to learn, who think education is just about certificates, but lack intrinsic commitment to lifelong learning. And the capacity for lifelong learning is what will mark out successful societies in this new century. null[D] This year’s SATs marking disaster has laid bare the case that the Association of Teachers and Lecturers, and others, have been making for years. This huge testing exercise is just not value for money. The results are insufficiently reliable at school level, and we could get the same national indicators of how well pupils and schools are performing with a small national sample, the way other countries do. The same problems—of inflated results due to teaching to the test, which infect A-levels—also make SATs results unreliable. We know this because other research on the performance of English children, as well as the increasingly useful international testing, show a much lower rate of improvement than the SATs suggest. null[E] Quite apart from the very expensive tests, we have the very expensive inspection regime, the duties on local authorities to monitor quality and intervene when problems arise, and a host of advisers, supporters, and national agencies telling schools what to do. In total, this amounts to hugely excessive, overlapping accountability systems, so getting rid of nationally reported tests would scarcely leave schools rudderless. null[F] Take today’s A-level results. Why are grades so much higher these days? Because teachers, under pressure, are getting better and better at squeezing every last mark out of every pupil regardless of whether the students really understand what they are writing about or how long the information is retained. Spoon-feeding is prevalent. No wonder lecturers in higher education complain about a lack of independent learning skills and results which do not seem to be reflected in performance at university. null[G] It would be better if politicians were a bit more open about the purposes of the tests. The damage is caused by using them as the most significant measure of accountability of schools, headteachers, and every classroom teacher. If tests were no longer used this way, there would be many other forms of accountability which could do the same job more effectively. nullOrder: B→41. →42. →43. →44. →45. →C nullPart C 　　Directions: 　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET . (10 points) null(46)It seems self-evident that we should encourage high-quality work, but what makes for high quality is a matter of opinion, which hardens over the years into an arbitrary belief on the assumption that the most established and most respectable got there for a reason, so if one wishes their good opinion then one should do as they did. null(47)To guard against such ’underpowered’ studies, researchers should calculate the number of animals required to have a reasonable chance of detecting the anticipated effect given the expected change of the data. null(48)As a result, they tend to report only the outcomes that happen to show statistical significance, reducing a rigorous, hypothesis-testing experiment to something more like observational research. null(49)As long as cheap, underpowered studies are more likely to have exciting positive (if false) results than expensive, well conducted, large studies — and as long as journals don’t seem to know the difference — the pressure will remain to do what everyone else does. null(50)At the very least, we should look for ways to register all experiments — so that investigators can receive credit for work done and so that those seeking to summarize what is known have access to all relevant data. nullSection III Writing Part A 　　51. Directions: 　　You recently bought an item of clothing in another town, but found some problems with it after you returned home. Write a letter to the manager and say 　　· what happened 　　· what the problems are 　　· what you would like them to do. 　　Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)nullDear Sir or Madam, 　　I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about the coat I bought in your department store several days ago. null After I had bought the coat and returned home, I found some problems with it. There was a small hole in one of the coat sleeves, and the zipper had broken off, actually tore off. I telephoned your department store the day before yesterday and explained what the problems were to the shop assistant from whom I bought the coat. However, she was quite rude on the telephone and informed me that I could not get a replacement for this coat as it was purchased at a reduced price. null I would be perfectly satisfied if you would kindly replace the coat or refund my money. I would like to have this matter settled by this weekend. 　　 Yours sincerely, Li Ming nullPart B 　　52. Directions: 　　Write an essay of 160～200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should 　　1) describe the drawing briefly, 　　2) explain the importance of grasping opportunities, and 　　3) give your advice. 　　You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points) null null提示 　　画面上的天鹅代 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 机遇，两个猎人正在争论是“炖着吃”还是“烤着吃”，暗示当机遇到来时，人们常常不能及时抓住。整幅画面非常清楚地传递出作者的用意：要及时抓住机遇，否则，机遇将会悄悄溜走，即“机不可失，失不再来。” 　　机遇是通往成功的一个非常重要的因素。纵观历史，成功的人往往是善于抓住机遇的人，而失败者则常常错过甚至主动放弃机遇。因此，当机遇到来时，人们一定要能及时抓住它。但光有机遇是远远不够的。成功还需要努力、知识与技能。正所谓，机遇只留给有准备的人。 null As is depicted in this interesting and thought-provoking picture, a goose, which represents opportunity, is flying over while two hunters are still quarreling over how to cook it. It goes that opportunity knocks but once. However, the great pity is that some people fail to seize opportunities, not to mention act on them. null Opportunity is a very important part of people’s life. It means a chance to exercise one’s ability to realize a dream. There are opportunities of education, of employment, and of development. Throughout history, there have been well-known people who could grasp opportunities and achieved extraordinary success. In our daily life, there are also "lucky dogs" that never lack chances in the turning points of their life. In fact, opportunities may come to everyone now and then. nullBut opportunities do not come very often. When they come, some can grasp them, while others would miss them or even give them up. Besides, opportunities often come quietly and slip away quickly without being noticed. Therefore, people should seize the opportunity and value it. That is, the wise seize opportunities, the weak wait for opportunities, and the foolish give up opportunities. null Opportunity alone, however, is not enough to lead to success. People also need to work hard, to be persistent and determined, and to make great endeavor. Opportunities are always for those who are well prepared. The successful person always makes adequate preparations to duly seize opportunities when they come. In other words, to achieve success, not only should people grasp opportunities, they also need to be well prepared with knowledge, experience and hard work. nullThanks