1英语考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1至附录5），要求词汇量为3500左右。二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的事实性信息；（3）对所听
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做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、
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、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。3．写作要求考生根据提示进行书面
表
关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf
达。考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。4．口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；2（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的交际策略。3附录1语音项目表1.基本读音(1)26个字母的读音(2)元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3)元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4)元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5)常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6)辅音字母组合的读音(7)辅音连缀的读音(8)成节音的读音2.重音(1)单词重音(2)句子重音3.读音的变化(1)连读(2)失去爆破(3)弱读(4)同化4.语调与节奏(1)意群与停顿(2)语调(3)节奏5.语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6.朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7.主要英语国家的英语语音差异4附录2语法项目表1.名词(1)可数名词及其单复数(2)不可数名词(3)专有名词(4)名词所有格2.代词(1)人称代词(2)物主代词(3)反身代词(4)指示代词(5)不定代词(6)疑问代词3.数词(1)基数词(2)序数词4.介词和介词短语5.连词6.形容词(比较级和最高级)7.副词(比较级和最高级)8.冠词9.动词(1)动词的基本形式(2)系动词(3)及物动词和不及物动词(4)助动词(5)情态动词10.时态(1)一般现在时(2)一般过去时5(3)一般将来时(4)现在进行时(5)过去进行时(6)过去将来时(7)将来进行时(8)现在完成时(9)过去完成时(10)现在完成进行时11.被动语态12.非谓语动词(1)动词不定式(2)动词的-ing形式(3)动词的-ed形式13.构词法(1)合成法(2)派生法(3)转化法(4)缩写和简写14.句子种类(1)陈述句(2)疑问句(3)祈使句(4)感叹句15.句子成分(1)主语(2)谓语(3)表语(4)宾语(5)定语(6)状语(7)补语616.简单句的基本句型17.主谓一致18.并列复合句19.主从复合句(1)宾语从句(2)状语从句(3)定语从句(4)主语从句(5)表语从句20.间接引语21.省略22.倒装23.强调24.虚拟语气7附录3功能意念项目表1.社会交往(SocialCommunications)(1)问候(Greetings)(2)介绍(Introduction)(3)告别(Farewells)(4)感谢(Thanks)(5)道歉(Apologies)(6)邀请(Invitation)(7)请求允许(Askingforpermission)(8)祝愿和祝贺(Expressingwishesandcongratulations)(9)提供帮助(Offeringhelp)(10)接受和拒绝(Acceptanceandrefusal)(11)约会(Makingappointments)(12)打电话(Makingtelephonecalls)(13)就餐(Havingmeals)(14)就医(Seeingthedoctor)(15)购物(Shopping)(16)问路(Askingtheway)(17)谈论天气(Talkingaboutweather)(18)语言交际困难(Languagedifficultiesincommunication)(19)提醒注意(Reminding)(20)警告和禁止(Warningandprohibition)(21)劝告(Advice)(22)建议(Suggestions)2.态度(Attitudes)(23)同意和不同意(Agreementanddisagreement)(24)喜欢和不喜欢(Likesanddislikes)(25)肯定和不肯定(Certaintyanduncertainty)(26)可能和不可能(Possibilityandimpossibility)(27)能够和不能够(Abilityandinability)8(28)偏爱和优先选择(Preference)(29)意愿和打算(Intentionsandplans)(30)希望和愿望(Hopesandwishes)(31)表扬和鼓励(Praiseandencouragement)(32)责备和抱怨(Blameandcomplaint)(33)冷淡(Indifference)(34)判断与评价(Judgementandevaluation)3.情感(Emotions)(35)高兴(Happiness)(36)惊奇(Surprise)(37)忧虑(Worries)(38)安慰(Reassurance)(39)满意(Satisfaction)(40)遗憾(Regret)(41)同情(Sympathy)(42)恐惧(Fear)(43)愤怒(Anger)4.时间(Time)(44)时刻(Pointoftime)(45)时段(Duration)(46)频度(Frequency)(47)时序(Sequence)5.空间(Space)(48)位置(Position)(49)方向(Direction)(50)距离(Distance)6.存在(Existence)(51)存在与不存在(ExistenceandNon-existence)7.特征(Features)(52)形状(Shape)(53)颜色(Colour)9(54)材料(Material)(55)价格(Price)(56)规格(Size)(57)年龄(Age)8.计量(Measurement)(58)长度(Length)(59)宽度(Width)(60)高度(Height)(61)数量(Number)9.比较(Comparison)(62)同级比较(Equalcomparison)(63)差别比较(Comparativeandsuperlative)(64)相似和差别(Similarityanddifference)10.逻辑关系(Logicalrelations)(65)原因和结果(Causeandeffect)(66)目的(Purpose)11.职业(Occupations)(67)工作(Jobs)(68)单位(Employer)10附录4话题项目表1.个人情况(Personalinformation)2.家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family,friendsandpeoplearound)3.周围的环境(Personalenvironments)4.日常活动(Dailyroutines)5.学校生活(Schoollife)6.兴趣与爱好(Interestsandhobbies)7.个人感情(Emotions)8.人际关系(Interpersonalrelationships)9.
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与愿望(Plansandintentions)10.节假日活动(Festivals,holidaysandcelebrations)11.购物(Shopping)12.饮食(Foodanddrink)13.健康(Health)14.天气(Weather)15.文娱与体育(Entertainmentandsports)16.旅游和交通(Travelandtransport)17.语言学习(Languagelearning)18.自然(Nature)19.世界与环境(Theworldandtheenvironment)20.科普知识与现代技术(Popularscienceandmoderntechnology)21.热点话题(Topicalissues)22.历史与地理(Historyandgeography)23.社会(Society)24.文学与艺术(Literatureandart)11附录5词汇表Aa(an)artabandonvabilitynableaabnormalaaboardprepabolishvabortionnaboutad&prepaboveprep,a&adabroadadabruptaabsencenabsentaabsoluteaabsorbvabstracta&nabsurdaabundantaabusevacademica&nacademynacceleratevaccentnacceptvaccessn&vaccessibleaaccidentnaccommodationnaccompanyvaccomplishvaccountnaccountantnaccumulatevaccuracynaccurateaaccusevaccustomedaachev&nachievevachievementnacidaacknowledgevacquaintancenacquirevacquisitionnacrenacrossprepactn&vactionnactiveaactivitynactornactressnactualaacuteaADabbr12ad=advertisementnadaptvadaptationnaddvaddictedaadditionnaddressnadequateaadjustvadjustmentnadministrationnadmirableaadmirevadmissionnadmitvadolescencenadolescenta&nadoptvadorevadultnadvancev&nadvantagenadventurenadvertisevadvertisementnadvicenadvisevadvocatevaffairnaffectvaffectionnaffordvafraidaAfricanAfricana&nafterad,prep&conjafternoonnafterward(s)adagainadagainstprepagenagencynagendanagentnaggressiveaagoadagreevagreementnagriculturalaagriculturenaheadadaidn&vAIDSnaimn&vairnaircraftnairlinenairmailnairplanenairportnairspacenalarmn&v13albumnalcoholnalcoholica&nalgebranalikeadaliveaallad,a&pronallergicaalleynallocatevallowvallowancenalmostadaloneaalongad&prepalongsideadaloudadalphabetnalreadyadalsoadalternativeaalthoughconjaltitudenaltogetheradaluminium(Amaluminum)nalwaysadamv(be)a.m./am,A.M./AMabbramateuraamazevamazingaambassadornambassadressnambiguousaambitionnambulancenAmericanamongprepamountn&vampleaamusevamusementnanalysevanalysisnancestornanchorv&nancientaandconjanecdotenangernanglenangryaanimalnanklenanniversarynannouncevannoyvannualaanothera&pronanswern&vantn14Antarcticaantiquenanxietynanxiousaanypron&aanybodypronanyhowadanyonepronanythingpronanywayadanywhereadapartad&aapartmentnapologizevapologynapparentaappealv&nappearvappearancenappendixnappetitenapplaudv&napplenapplicantnapplicationnapplyvappointvappointmentnappreciatevappreciationnapproachn&vappropriateaapprovalnapprovevapproximatelyadapronnarbitraryaarchnarchitectnarchitecturenArcticaarev(be)areanarguevargumentnarise(arose,arisen)varithmeticnarmn&varmchairnarmynaroundad&preparrangevarrangementnarrestvarrivalnarrivevarrownartnarticlenartificialaartistnasad,conj&prep15ashnashamedaAsianAsiana&nasideadaskvasleepaaspectnassessvassessmentnassistvassistancenassistantnassociatevassociationnassumevassumptionnastonishvastronautnastronomernastronomynatprepathletenathleticaAtlanticaatmospherenatomnattachvattackv&nattainvattemptv&nattendvattentionnattitudenattractvattractionnattractiveaaudiencenauntnauthenticaauthornauthoritynautomaticaautonomousaautumnnavailableaavenuenaveragea&navoidvawake(awoke,awoken)v&aawardnawareaawayadawesomeaawfulaawkwardaBbabynbachelornbackad,a&nbackgroundn16backward(s)adbaconnbacterium(plbacteria)nbad(worse,worst)abadmintonnbagnbaggagenbakerynbalancenbalconynballnballetnballoonnbamboonbann&vbanananbandnbandagenbanknbarnbarbecuenbarbernbarbershopnbareabargainn&vbarkv&nbarriernbasenbaseballnbasementnbasicabasinnbasisnbasketnbasketballnbatnbathnbathevbathroomnbathtubnbatterynbattlenbaynBCabbrbe(am,is,are,was,were,being,been)vbeachnbeannbeancurdnbear1nbear2vbeardnbeastnbeat(beat,beaten)v&nbeautifulabeautynbecauseconjbecome(became,become)vbednbeddingsnbedroomnbeen17beefnbeernbeforeprep,ad&conjbegvbegin(began,begun)vbehalfnbehavevbehaviour(Ambehavior)nbehindprep&adbeingnbeliefnbelievevbellnbellynbelongvbelowprepbeltnbenchnbend(bent,bent)vbeneathprepbeneficialabenefitn&vbenta&nbesideprepbesidesprep&adbetrayvbetweenprepbeyondprepbicyclenbidv&nbigabike=bicyclenbillnbingonbiochemistrynbiographynbiologynbirdnbirthnbirthdaynbirthplacenbiscuitnbishopnbitnbite(bit,bitten)vbitterablacka&nblackboardnblamen&vblankn&ablanketnbleedvblessvblindablockn&vbloodnblousenblow(blew,blown)vbluen&aboardn&vboatnbodyn18boilvbombn&vbondn&vbonenbonusnbookn&vboomn&vbootnboothnbordernboredaboringabornaborrowvbossnbotanicalabotanynbotha&pronbothervbottlenbottomnbouncevboundaboundarynbowv&nbowlnbowlingnboxnboxingnboynboycottvbrainnbraken&vbranchnbrandnbraveabraverynbreadnbreak(broke,broken)v&nbreakfastnbreakthroughnbreastnbreathnbreathevbreathlessabrewerynbricknbridenbridegroomnbridgenbriefabrightabrilliantabring(brought,brought)vbroadabroadcast(broadcast,broadcast或-ed,-ed)vbrochurenbrokenabroomnbrothernbrownn&a19brunchnbrushv&nBuddhismnbudgetnbuffetnbuild(built,built)vbuildingnbunchnbungalownburdennbureaucraticaburglarnburn(burnt,burnt或-ed,-ed)v&nburstvburyvbusnbushnbusinessnbusinessman/woman(plbusinessmen/women)nbusyabutconj&prepbutchern&vbutternbutterflynbuttonn&vbuy(bought,bought)vbyprepbyeintCcabncabbagencafencafeteriancagencakencalculatevcalln&vcalma&vcamelncamerancampn&vcampaignncan1(could);can’t=cannotmodalvcan2ncanalncancelvcancerncandidatencandlencandyncanteenncapncapitalncapsulencaptainncaptionncarncarbonn20cardncaren&vcarefulacarelessacarpenterncarpetncarriagencarrierncarrotncarryvcartoonncarvevcasencashn&vcassettencast(cast,cast)vcastlencasualacatncataloguencatastrophencatch(caught,caught)vcategoryncatervCatholicacattlencausen&vcautionncautiousacavenCD=compactdisknceilingncelebratevcelebrationncellncentncentigradeacentimetre(Amcentimeter)ncentralacentre(Amcenter)ncenturynceremonyncertainacertificatenchainnchairnchairman/woman(plchairmen/women)nchalknchallengenchallengingachampionnchancenchangen&vchangeableachannelnchantv&nchaosnchapterncharacterncharacteristica&n21chargev&nchartnchatn&vcheapacheatn&vcheckn&vcheekncheern&vcheerfulacheersintcheesenchefnchemicala&nchemistnchemistryncheque(Amcheck)nchessnchestnchewvchickennchiefa&nchild(plchildren)nchildhoodnchocolatenchoicenchoirnchoken&vchoose(chose,chosen)vchopsticksnchorusnChristiannChristmasnchurchncigarncigarettencinemancirclen&vcircuitncirculatevcircumstancencircusncitizenncityncivilacivilianncivilizationnclapvclarifyvclassnclassicaclassifyvclassmatenclassroomnclawnclayncleanv&acleanernclearaclerkncleveraclickvclimaten22climbvclinicnclocknclonevclosea&adclothnclothesnclothingncloudncloudyaclubnclumsyacoachncoalncoastncoatncocoancoffeencoinncoincidencencokencolda&ncollarncolleaguencollectvcollectionncollegencollisionncolour(Amcolor)n&vcombn&vcombinevcome(came,come)vcomedyncomfortncomfortableacommandn&vcommentncommercialacommitvcommitmentncommitteencommonacommunicatevcommunicationncommunismncommunistn&acompanionncompanyncomparevcompassncompensatevcompetevcompetencencompetitionncompletea&vcomplexa&ncomponentncompositionncomprehensionncompromisevcompulsoryacomputern23concentratevconceptnconcernv&nconcertnconcludevconclusionnconcreteacondemnvconditionnconductvconductornconferencenconfidentaconfidentialaconfirmvconflictnconfusevcongratulatevcongratulationnconnectvconnectionnconsciencenconsensusnconsequencenconservationnconservativeaconsidervconsiderateaconsiderationnconsistvconsistentaconstantaconstitutionnconstructvconstructionnconsultvconsultantnconsumevcontainvcontainerncontemporaryacontent1ncontent2acontinentncontinuevcontradictvcontradictoryacontraryn&acontributevcontributionncontrolv&ncontroversialaconveniencenconvenientaconventionalaconversationnconveyvconvincevcookn&vcookerncookiencoola24copyn&vcornncornerncorporationncorrectv&acorrectionncorrespondvcorrupta&vcostn&vcosy(Amcozy)acottagencottonn&acoughn&vcouldmodalvcountvcounterncountryncountrysidencouplencouragencoursencourtncourtyardncousinncovern&vcowncrashv&ncrayonncrazyacreamncreatevcreaturencreditncrewncrimencriminalncriterion(plcriteria)ncropncrossn&vcrossingncrossroadsncrowdn&vcruelacryn&vcubencubicacuisinenculturencupncupboardncuren&vcuriousacurrencyncurriculumncurtainncushionncustomncustomerncustomsncut(cut,cut)v&ncyclevcyclistn25Ddad=daddyndailya,ad&ndamndamagen&vdampa&ndancen&vdangerndangerousadarev&modalvdarka&ndarknessndashv&ndatandatabasendaten&vdaughterndawnndayndeadadeadlinendeafadealndearadeathndebaten&vdebtndecadendecidevdecisionndeclarevdeclinevdecoratevdecorationndecreasevdeedndeepa&addeerndefeatvdefence(Amdefense)ndefendvdegreendelayn&vdeletev&ndeliberatelyaddelicateadeliciousadelightndelightedadelivervdemandvdentistndepartment(Dept.)ndeparturendependvdepositv&ndepthndescribevdescriptionndesertv&ndeservev26designv&ndesirev&ndeskndesperateadessertndestinationndestroyvdetectivendeterminevdevelopvdevelopmentndevotevdevotionndiagramndialvdialogue(Amdialog)ndiamondndiaryndictationndictionaryndievdietndiffervdifferencendifferentadifficultadifficultyndig(dug,dug)vdigestvdigitaladignityndilemmandimensionndinnerndinosaurndioxidendipvdiplomandirecta&vdirectionndirectorndirectoryndirtyadisabilityndisabledadisadvantagendisagreevdisagreementndisappearvdisappointvdisappointedadisasterndiscountndiscouragevdiscovervdiscoveryndiscriminationndiscussvdiscussionndiseasendisgustingadishn27disk=discndislikevdismissvdistancendistantadistinctionndistinguishvdistributevdistrictndisturbvdisturbingadivevdiverseadividevdivisionndivorcevdizzyado(did,done)vdoctorndocumentndogndollndollarndonatevdoorndormitory(dorm)ndotndoublea&ndoubtn&vdownprep&addownloadn&vdownstairsaddowntownad,n&adozennDr=doctorndraftn&vdragvdraw(drew,drawn)vdrawbackndrawerndream(dreamt,dreamt或-ed,-ed)n&vdressn&vdrilln&vdrink(drank,drunk)vdrive(drove,driven)vdriverndropn&vdrugndrumndrunkadryv&aduckndueadulladumplingnduringprepduskndustndustbinndustyadutyn28DVD=digitalversatilediskndynamicadynastynEeacha&proneageraeaglenearnearlya&adearnvearthnearthquakeneasta,ad&nEasterneasternaeasyaeat(ate,eaten)vecologynedgeneditionneditorneducateveducationneducatorneffectneffortneggneggplantneithera,conj&adeldernelectvelectricaelectricalaelectricitynelectronicaelegantaelephantnelseade-mailn&vembarrassvembassynemergencynemperornemployvemptyaencouragevencouragementnendn&vendingnendlessaenemynenergeticaenergynenginenengineernenjoyvenjoyableaenlargevenoughpron,a&adenquirynenterv29enterprisenentertainmentnenthusiasticaentireaentrancenentrynenvelopenenvironmentnenvyv&nequala&vequalitynequipvequipmentnerasernerrorneruptvescapen&vespeciallyadessaynEuropenEuropeana&nevaluatevevenadeveningneventneventuallyadeveradeveryaeverybodyproneverydayaeveryoneproneverythingproneverywhereadevidencenevidentaevolutionnexactaexam=examinationnexaminevexamplenexcellentaexceptprepexchangen&vexcitevexcusen&vexercisen&vexhibitionnexistvexistencenexitnexpandvexpectvexpectationnexpensenexpensiveaexperiencenexperimentnexpertnexplainvexplanationnexplicitaexplodev30explorevexportn&vexposevexpressv&nexpressionnextensionnextraaextraordinaryaextremeaeyeneyesightnFfacen&vfacialafactnfactorynfadevfailv&nfailurenfair1afair2nfaithnfall1(fell,fallen)vfall2(Am)=autumnnfalseafamiliarafamilynfamousafannfancyn,v&afantasticafantasynfar(farther,farthest或further,furthest)a&adfarenfarmnfarmernfasta&adfastenvfatn&afathernfaultnfavour(Amfavor)nfavourite(Amfavorite)a&nfaxn&vfearnfeastnfeathernfederalafeenfeed(fed,fed)vfeel(felt,felt)vfeelingnfellownfemalea&nfencenferrynfestivaln&afetchvfevernfewpron&a31fibre(Amfiber)nfictionnfieldnfierceafight(fought,fought)n&vfiguren&vfilenfillvfilmn&vfinalafinancenfind(found,found)vfine1afine2vfingernfingernailnfinishv&nfiren&vfireworksnfirm1nfirm2afishn&vfishermannfistnfita&vfixvflagnflamenflashnflashlightnflat1aflat2nflee(fled,fled)vfleshnflexibleaflightnfloatvfloodn&vfloornflournflowvflowernflunfluencynfluentafly1(flew,flown)vfly2nfocusv&nfognfoggyafoldvfolkn&afollowvfondafoodnfooln&vfoolishafoot(plfeet)nfootballnforprep&conjforbid(forbade,forbidden)vforcev32forecastn&vforeheadnforeignaforeignernforesee(foresaw,foreseen)vforestnforeveradforget(forgot,forgot/forgotten)vforgetfulaforgive(forgave,forgiven)vforknformn&vformatnformerafortnightnfortunateafortunenforwardadfostervfoundvfountainnfoxnfragileafragrantaframeworknfrancnfreeafreedomnfreewaynfreeze(froze,frozen)vfreezingafrequentafreshafrictionnfridge=refrigeratornfriendnfriendlyafriendshipnfrightenvfrognfromprepfronta&nfrontiernfrostnfruitnfryvfuelnfullafunn&afunctionn&vfundamentalafuneralnfunnyafurnfurnishedafurniturenfuturenGgainvgalleryngallonn33gamengaragengarbagengardenngarlicngarmentngasngatengathervgayagenerala&ngenerationngenerousagentleagentlemanngeographyngeometryngesturenget(got,got)vgiftngiftedagiraffengirlngive(gave,given)vgladaglancevglarevglassnglobenglorynglovengluengo(went,gone)vgoalngoatngodngoldn&agoldenagolfngood(better,best)agoodsngoose(plgeese)ngovernvgovernmentngradengradualagraduatevgraduationngrainngramngrammarngrandagrandchildngranddaughterngrandma=grandmotherngrandpa=grandfatherngrandparentsngrandsonngrannyngrapengraphngraspv34grassngratefulagravityngreata&adgreedyagreena&ngreengrocerngreetvgreetingngrey(Amgray)agrillngrocerngroceryngroundngroupngrow(grew,grown)vgrowthnguaranteevguardnguessvguestnguidancenguidenguiltyaguitarngunngym=gymnasiumngymnasticsnHhabitnhairnhaircutnhalfa&nhallnhamnhamburgernhammernhandn&vhandbagnhandfulnhandkerchiefnhandlen&vhandsomeahandwritingnhandyahang(hung,hung或-ed,-ed)vhappenvhappinessnhappyaharbour(Amharbor)nhardad&ahardlyadhardshipnhardworkingaharmn&vharmfulaharmonynharvestn&vhatnhatchvhatev&n35have(has,had,had)vhepronheadn&vheadachenheadlinenheadmasternheadmistressnhealthnhealthyahear(heard,heard)vhearingnheartnheatnheavennheavyaheelnheightnhelicopternhellointhelmetnhelpn&vhelpfulahennherpronherbnhereadheronherspronherselfpronhesitatevhiinthide(hid,hidden)vhigha&adhighwaynhillnhimpronhimselfpronhirevhispronhistorynhit(hit,hit)v&nhobbynhold(held,held)vholenholidaynholyahomen&adhomelandnhometownnhomeworknhonestahoneynhonour(Amhonor)n&vhookn&vhopen&vhopefulahopelessahorribleahorsenhospitalnhostn&vhostessn36hotahotdognhotelnhournhousenhousewifenhouseworknhowadhoweverad&conjhowlvhugvhugeahumana&nhumanbeingnhumorousahumour(Amhumor)nhungernhungryahuntvhunternhurricanenhurryvhurt(hurt,hurt)vhusbandnhydrogennIIpronicenice-creamnideanidentificationnidentitynidiomnifconjignorevillaillegalaillnessnimaginevimmediatelyadimmigrationnimportv&nimportancenimportantaimpossibleaimpressvimpressionnimprovevinprep&adinchnincidentnincludevincomenincreasev&nindeedaindependencenindependentaindicatevindustryninfluencen&vinformv37informationninitialainjurevinjuryninkninnninnocentainsectninsertvinsideprep&adinsistvinspectvinspirevinstantainsteadadinstituteninstitutionninstructvinstructionninstrumentninsuranceninsurevintelligencenintendvintentionninterestninterestingainternationalaInternetninterpreterninterruptvintervalninterviewn&vintoprepintroducevintroductionninventvinventionninvitationninvitevironn&virrigationnisv(be)islandnitpronitspronitselfpronJjacketnjamnjarnjawnjazznjeansnjeepnjetnjewellery(Amjewelry)njobnjogvjoinvjoken38journalistnjourneynjoynjudgen&vjudgement(Amjudgment)njuicenjumpn&vjunglenjuniorajusta&adjusticenKkangaroonkeep(kept,kept)vkettlenkeynkeyboardnkickv&nkidnkillvkilonkilogramnkilometre(Amkilometer)nkind1nkind2akindergartennkindnessnkingnkingdomnkissn&vkitchennkitenkneenknife(plknives)nknockn&vknow(knew,known)vknowledgenLlab=laboratorynlabour(Amlabor)nlackn&vladynlakenlambnlamealampnlandn&vlanguagenlanternnlapnlargealasta&vlatea&adlatternlaughn&vlaughternlaundrynlawnlawyern39lay(laid,laid)vlazyalead(led,led)v&nleadernleaf(plleaves)nleaguenleakvlearn(learnt,learnt或-ed,-ed)vleastnleathernleave(left,left)vlecturenlefta,ad&nlegnlegalalemonn&alemonadenlend(lent,lent)vlengthnlessonnlet(let,let)vletternlevelnliberationnlibertynlibrariannlibrarynlicensenlidnlie1n&vlie2(lay,lain)vlife(pllives)nliftv&nlightn,v&alightningnlikev&preplikelyalimitvlinen&vlinkv&nlionnlipnliquidn&alistn&vlistenvliteraturenliteraryalitre(Amliter)nlittervlittle(less,least)alivev&alivelyaloadnloafnlocalalockn&vlonelyalonga&adlookn&vloosealorryn40lose(lost,lost)vlossnlotnloudaloungenloven&vlovelyalowa&adlucknluckyaluggagenlunchnlungnMmachinenmadamadam/mad
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