2021年度新版考研英语二历年真题及答案解析

考研英语二 真题 北京中考数学真题pdf四级真题及答案下载历年四级真题下载证券交易真题下载资料分析真题下载 SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingpassage.ForeachnumberedblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETl.(10points)TheoutbreakofswinefluthatwasfirstdetectedinMexicowasdeclaredaglobalepidemiconJune11，.Itisthefirstworldwideepidemic__1__bytheWorldHealthOrganizationin41years.Theheightenedalert__2__anemergencymeetingwithfluexpertsinGenevathatconvenedafterasharpriseincasesinAustralia，andrising__3__inBritain，Japan，Chileandelsewhere.Buttheepidemicis"__4__"inseverity，accordingtoMargaretChan，theorganization'sdirectorgeneral，__5__theoverwhelmingmajorityofpatientsexperiencingonlymildsymptomsandafullrecovery，ofteninthe__6__ofanymedicaltreatment.Theoutbreakcametoglobal__7__inlateApril，whenMexicanauthoritiesnoticedanunusuallylargenumberofhospitalizationsanddeaths__8__healthyadults.AsmuchofMexicoCityshutdownattheheightofapanic，casesbeganto__9__inNewYorkCity，thesouthwesternUnitedStatesandaroundtheworld.IntheUnitedStates，newcasesseemedtofade__10__warmerweatherarrived.ButinlateSeptember，officialsreportedtherewas__11__fluactivityinalmosteverystateandthatvirtuallyallthe__12__testedarethenewswineflu，alsoknownas(A)H1N1，notseasonalflu.IntheU.S.，ithas__13__morethanonemillionpeople，andcausedmorethan600deathsandmorethan6,000hospitalizations.Federalhealthofficials__14__Tamifluforchildrenfromthenationalstockpileandbegan__15__ordersfromthestatesforthenewswinefluvaccine.Thenewvaccine，whichisdifferentfromtheannualfluvaccine，is__16__aheadofexpectations.MorethanthreemilliondosesweretobemadeavailableinearlyOctober，thoughmostofthose__17__doseswereoftheFluMistnasalspraytype，whichisnot__18__forpregnantwomen，peopleover50orthosewithbreathingdifficulties，heartdiseaseorseveralother__19__.Butitwasstillpossibletovaccinatepeopleinotherhigh-riskgroup：healthcareworkers，people__20__infantsandhealthyyoungpeople.1[A]criticized[B]appointed[C]commented[D]designated2[A]proceeded[B]activated[C]followed[D]prompted3[A]digits[B]numbers[C]amounts[D]sums4[A]moderate[B]normal[C]unusual[D]extreme5[A]with[B]in[C]from[D]by6[A]progress[B]absence[C]presence[D]favor7[A]reality[B]phenomenon[C]concept[D]notice8.[A]over[B]for[C]among[D]to9[A]stayup[B]cropup[C]fillup[D]coverup10[A]as[B]if[C]unless[D]until11[A]excessive[B]enormous[C]significant[D]magnificent12[A]categories[B]examples[C]patterns[D]samples13[A]imparted[B]immerse[C]injected[D]infected14[A]released[B]relayed[C]relieved[D]remained215[A]placing[B]delivering[C]taking[D]giving16[A]feasible[B]available[C]reliable[D]applicable17[A]prevalent[B]principal[C]innovative[D]initial18[A]presented[B]restricted[C]recommended[D]introduced19[A]problems[B]issues[C]agonies[D]sufferings20[A]involvedin[B]caringfor[C]concernedwith[D]wardingoffSectionSectionⅡReadingcomprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA，B,CandD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Thelongestbullruninacenturyofart-markethistoryendedonadramaticnotewithasaleof56worksbyDamienHirst，“BeautifulInsideMyHeadForever”，atSotheby’sinLondononSeptember15th(seepicture).Allbuttwopiecessold，fetchingmorethanā70m，arecordforasalebyasingleartist.Itwasalasthurrah.Astheauctioneercalledoutbids，inNewYorkoneoftheoldestbanksonWallStreet，LehmanBrothers，filedforbankruptcy.Theworldartmarkethadalreadybeenlosingmomentumforawhileafterrisingvertiginouslysince.Atitspeakinitwasworthsome$65billion，reckonsClareMcAndrew，founderofArtsEconomics，aresearchfirm—doublethefigurefiveyearsearlier.Sincethenitmayhavecomedownto$50billion.Butthemarketgeneratesinterestfarbeyonditssizebecauseitbringstogethergreatwealth，enormousegos，greed，passionandcontroversyinawaymatchedbyfewotherindustries.IntheweeksandmonthsthatfollowedMrHirst’ssale，spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable，especiallyinNewYork，wherethebail-outofthebankscoincidedwiththelossofthousandsofjobsandthefinancialdemiseofmanyart-buyinginvestors.Intheartworldthatmeantcollectorsstayedawayfromgalleriesandsalerooms.Salesofcontemporaryartfellbytwo-thirds，andinthemostoverheatedsector—forChinesecontemporaryart—theyweredownbynearly90%intheyeartoNovember.Withinweekstheworld’stwobiggestauctionhouses，Sotheby’sandChristie’s，hadtopayoutnearly$200minguaranteestoclientswhohadplacedworksforsalewiththem.ThecurrentdownturnintheartmarketistheworstsincetheJapanesestoppedbuyingImpressionistsattheendof1989，amovethatstartedthemostseriouscontractioninthemarketsincethesecondworldwar.Thistimeexpertsreckonthatpricesareabout40%downontheirpeakonaverage，thoughsomehavebeenfarmorevolatile.ButEdwardDolman，Christie’schiefexecutive，says：“I’mprettyconfidentwe’reatthebottom.”Whatmakesthisslumpdifferentfromthelast，hesays，isthattherearestillbuyersinthemarket，whereasintheearly1990s，wheninterestrateswerehigh，therewasnodemandeventhoughmanycollectorswantedtosell.Christie’srevenuesinthefirsthalfofwerestillhigherthaninthefirsthalfof.Almosteveryonewhowasinterviewedforthisspecialreportsaidthatthebiggestproblematthemomentisnotalackofdemandbutalackofgoodworktosell.ThethreeDs—death，debtanddivorce—stilldeliverworksofarttothemarket.Butanyonewhodoesnothavetoselliskeepingaway，waitingforconfidencetoreturn.21.Inthefirstparagraph，DamienHirst'ssalewasreferredtoas“alastvictory”because____.A.theartmarkethadwitnessedasuccessionofvictoryiesB.theauctioneerfinallygotthetwopiecesatthehighestbidsC.BeautifulInsideMyHeadForeverwonoverallmasterpiecesD.itwassuccessfullymadejustbeforetheworldfinancialcrisis22.Bysaying“spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable”(Line1-2,Para.3),theauthorsuggeststhat_____.A.collectorswerenolongeractivelyinvolvedinart-marketauctionsB.peoplestoppedeverykindofspendingandstayedawayfromgalleriesC.artcollectionasafashionhadlostitsappealtoagreatextentD.worksofartingeneralhadgoneoutoffashionsotheywerenotworthbuying23.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTture?A.Salesofcontemporaryartfelldramaticallyfromto.B.Theartmarketsurpassedmanyotherindustriesinmomentum.C.Themarketgenerallywentdownwardinvariousways.D.Someartdealerswereawaitingbetterchancestocome.24.ThethreeDsmentionedinthelastparagraphare____A.auctionhouses'favoritesB.contemporarytrendsC.factorspromotingartworkcirculationD.stylesrepresentingimpressionists25.Themostappropriatetitleforthistextcouldbe___A.FluctuationofArtPricesB.Up-to-dateArtAuctionsC.ArtMarketinDeclineD.ShiftedInterestinArtsText2IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom--awomen'sgroupthathadinvitedmentojointhem.Throughouttheeveningonemanhadbeenparticularlytalkativefrequentlyofferingideasandanecdoteswhilehiswifesatsilentlybesidehimonthecouch.TowardtheendoftheeveningIcommentedthatwomenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon'ttalktothem.Thismanquicklyconcurred.Hegesturedtowardhiswifeandsaid"She'sthetalkerinourfamily."Theroomburstintolaughter；themanlookedpuzzledandhurt."It'strue"heexplained."WhenIcomehomefromworkIhavenothingtosay.Ifshedidn'tkeeptheconversationgoingwe'dspendthewholeeveninginsilence."ThisepisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituationstheyoftentalklessathome.Andthispatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerinthelate'70s.SociologistCatherineKohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbook"DivorceTalk"thatmostofthewomensheinterviewed--butonlyafewofthemen--gavelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces.Giventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearly50percentthatamountstomillionsofcasesintheUnitedStateseveryyear--avirtualepidemicoffailedconversation.Inmyownresearchcomplaintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednotontangibleinequitiessuchashavinggivenupthechanceforacareertoaccompanyahusbandtohisordoingfarmorethantheirshareofdailylife-supportworklikecleaningcookingsocialarrangementsanderrands.Insteadtheyfocusedoncommunication："Hedoesn'tlistentome""Hedoesn'ttalktome."IfoundasHackerobservedyearsbeforethatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobefirstandforemostconversationalpartnersbutfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives.Inshorttheimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotypicalcartoonsceneofamansittingatthebreakfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisfacewhileawomanglaresatthebackofitwantingtotalk.26.Whatismostwives'mainexpectationoftheirhusbands?A.Talkingtothem.B.Trustingthem.C.Supportingtheircareers.D.Shsringhousework.27.Judgingfromthecontext,thephrase“wreakinghavoc”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans___.A.generatingmotivation.B.exertinginfluenceC.causingdamageD.creatingpressure28.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT_______A.mentendtotalkmoreinpublictanwomenB.nearly50percentofrecentdivorcesarecausedbyfailedconversationC.womenattachmuchimportancetocommunicationbetweencouplesD.afemaletendstobemoretalkativeathomethanherspouse29.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemianideaofthistext?A.Themoraldecayingdeservesmoreresearchbysociologists.B.Marriagebreak_upstemsfromsexinequalities.C.Husbandandwofehavedifferentexpectationsfromtheirmarriage.D.Conversationalpatternsbetweenmanandwifearedifferent.30.Inthefollowingpartimmediatelyafterthistext,theauthorwillmostprobablyfocuson______A.avividaccountofthenewbookDivorceTalkB.adetaileddescriptionofthestereotypicalcartoonC.otherpossiblereasonsforahighdivorcerateintheU.S.D.abriefintroductiontothepoliticalscientistAndrewHackerTxet3overthepastdecade，manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors—habits—amongconsumers.Thesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacks，applylotionsandwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking，ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues.“Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems，likehandwashingwithsoap，thatremainkillersonlybecausewecan’tfigureouthowtochangepeople’shabits,”Dr.Curtissaid.“Wewantedtolearnfromprivateindustryhowtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatically.”ThecompaniesthatDr.Curtisturnedto—Procter&Gamble，Colgate-PalmoliveandUnilever—hadinvestedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsfindingthesubtlecuesinconsumers’livesthatcorporationscouldusetointroducenewroutines.Ifyoulookhardenough，you’llfindthatmanyoftheproductsweuseeveryday—chewinggums，skinmoisturizers，disinfectingwipes，airfresheners，waterpurifiers，healthsnacks，antiperspirants，colognes，teethwhiteners，fabricsofteners，vitamins—areresultsofmanufacturedhabits.Acenturyago，fewpeopleregularlybrushedtheirteethmultipletimesaday.Today，becauseofcannyadvertisingandpublichealthcampaigns，manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesacavity-preventingscrubtwiceaday，oftenwithColgate，Crestoroneoftheotherbrands.Afewdecadesago，manypeopledidn’tdrinkwateroutsideofameal.Thenbeveragecompaniesstartedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offsprings,andnowofficeworkersunthinkinglysipbottledwateralldaylong.Chewinggum，onceboughtprimarilybyadolescentboys，isnowfeaturedincommercialsasabreathfreshenerandteethcleanserforuseafterameal.Skinmoisturizersareadvertisedaspartofmorningbeautyrituals,slippedinbetweenhairbrushingandputtingonmakeup.“Ourproductssucceedwhentheybecomepartofdailyorweeklypatterns,”saidCarolBerning，aconsumerpsychologistwhorecentlyretiredfromProcter&Gamble，thecompanythatsold$76billionofTide，Crestandotherproductslastyear.“Creatingpositivehabitsisahugepartofimprovingourconsumers’lives，andit’sessentialtomakingnewproductscommerciallyviable.”Throughexperimentsandobservation，socialscientistslikeDr.Berninghavelearnedthatthereispowerintyingcertainbehaviorstohabitualcuesthroughrelentlessadvertising.Asthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged，controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeautycreamsorunhealthyfoods.31.AccordingtoDr.Curtis,habitslikehandwashingwithsoap________.[A]shouldbefurthercultivated[B]shouldbechangedgradually[C]aredeepiyrootedinhistory[D]arebasicallyprivateconcerns32.Bottledwater,chewinggunandskinmoisturizersarementionedinParagraph5soasto____[A]revealtheirimpactonpeople’habits[B]showtheurgentneedofdailynecessities[C]indicatetheireffectonpeople’buyingpower[D]manifestthesignificantroleofgoodhabits33.whichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtoproductsthathelpcreatepeople’shabits?[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilver34.Fromthetextwekonwthatsomeofconsumer’shabitsaredevelopeddueto_____[A]perfectedartofproducts[B]automaticbehaviorcreation[C]commercialpromotions[D]scientificexperiments35.theauthor’sattitudetowardtheinfluenceofadvertisementonpeople’shabitsis____[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biasedText4ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues，includingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracyareequallycompetenttoserveonjuries；thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionofthecommunity；thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuryonaccountofrace，religion，sex，ornationalorigin；thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers；andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthecommunityandnotjusttheletterofthelaw.Thejuryisalsosaidtobethebestsurvivingexampleofdirectratherthanrepresentativedemocracy.Inadirectdemocracy，citizenstaketurnsgoverningthemselves，ratherthanelectingrepresentativestogovernforthem.Butasrecentlyasin1986，juryselectionproceduresconflictedwiththesedemocraticideals.Insomestates，forexample，jurydutywaslimitedtopersonsofsupposedlysuperiorintelligence，education，andmoralcharacter.AlthoughtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateshadprohibitedintentionalracialdiscriminationinjuryselectionasearlyasthe1880caseofstrauderv.WestVirginia,thepracticeofselectingso-calledeliteorblue-ribbonjuriesprovidedaconvenientwayaroundthisandotherantidiscriminationlaws.Thesystemalsofailedtoregularlyincludewomenonjuriesuntilthemid-20thcentury.AlthoughwomenfirstservedonstatejuriesinUtahin1898,itwasnotuntilthe1940sthatamajorityofstatesmadewomeneligibleforjuryduty.Eventhenseveralstatesautomaticallyexemptedwomenfromjurydutyunlesstheypersonllyaskedtohavetheirnamesincludedonthejurylist.Thispracticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome，anditkeptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.In1968，theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurySelectionandServiceAct，usheringinaneweraofdemocraticreformsforthejury.Thislawabolishedspecialeducationalrequirementsforfederaljurorsandrequiredthemtobeselectedatrandomfromacrosssectionoftheentirecommunity.Inthelandmark1975decisionTaylorv.Louisiana，theSupremeCourtextendedtherequirementthatjuriesberepresentativeofallpartsofthecommunitytothestatelevel.TheTaylordecisionalsodeclaredsexdiscriminationinjuryselectiontobeunconstitutionalandorderedstatestousethesameproceduresforselectingmaleandfemalejurors.36.FromtheprinciplesoftheUSjurysystem,welearnthat______[A]bothlitcrateandilliteratepeoplecanserveonjuries[B]defendantsareimmunefromtrialbytheirpeers[C]noagelimitshouldbeimposedforjuryservice[D]judgmentshouldconsidertheopinionofthepublic37.Thepracticeofselectingso—calledelitejurorspriorto1968showed_____[A]theinadcquavyofantidiscriminationlaws[B]theprevalentdiscriminationagainstcertainraces[C]theconflictingidealsinjuryselectionprocedures38.Eveninthe1960s,womenwereseldomonthejurylistinsomestatesbecause_____[A]theywereautomaticallybannedbystatelaws[B]theyfellfarshortoftherequiredqualifications[C]theyweresupposedtoperformdomesticduties[D]theytendedtoevadepublicengagement39.AftertheJurySelectionandServiceActwaspassed.___[A]sexdiscriminationinjuryselectionwasunconstitutionalandhadtobeabolished[B]educationalrequirementsbecamelessrigidintheselectionoffederaljurors[C]jurorsatthestateleveloughttoberepresentativeoftheentirecommunity[D]statesoughttoconformtothefederalcourtinreformingthejurysystem40.indiscussingtheUSjurysystem,thetextcenterson_______[A]itsnatureandproblems[B]itscharacteristicsandtradition[C]itsproblemsandtheirsolutions[D]itstraditionanddevelopmentPartBDirections：Readthefollowingtextanddecidewhethereachofthestatementsistrueorfalse.ChooseTifthestatementistrueorFitthestatementisnottrue.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)CopyingBirdsMaySaveAircraftFuelBOTHBoeingandAirbushavetrumpetedtheefficiencyoftheirnewestaircraft，the787andA350respectively.Theircleverdesignsandlightweightcompositescertainlymakeadifference.ButagroupofresearchersatStanfordUniversity，ledbyIlanKroo，hassuggestedthatairlinescouldtakeamorenaturalisticapproachtocuttingjet-fueluse，anditwouldnotrequirethemtobuynewaircraft.Theanswer，saysDrKroo，lieswithbirds.Since1914，andaseminalpaperbyaGermanresearchercalledCarlWieselsberger，scientistshaveknownthatbirdsflyinginformation—aV-shape，echelonorotherwise—expendlessenergy.Theairflowingoverabirdswingscurlsupwardsbehindthewingtips，aphenomenonknownasupwash.Otherbirdsflyingintheupwashexperiencereduceddrag，andspendlessenergypropellingthemselves.PeterLissaman，anaeronauticsexpertwhowasformerlyatCaltechandtheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,hassuggestedthataformationof25birdsmightenjoyarangeincreaseof71%.Whenappliedtoaircraft，theprinciplesarenotsubstantiallydifferent.DrKrooandhisteammodelledwhatwouldhappenifthreepassengerjetsdepartingfromLosAngeles，SanFranciscoandLasVegasweretorendezvousoverUtah，assumeaninvertedV-formation，occasionallyswapplacessoallcouldhaveaturninthemostfavourablepositions，andproceedtoLondon.Theyfoundthattheaircraftconsumedasmuchas15%lessfuel(withaconcomitantreductionincarbon-dioxideoutput).Nitrogen-oxideemissionsduringthecruisingportionsoftheflightfellbyaroundaquarter.Thereare，ofcourse，kinkstobeworkedout.Oneconsiderationissafety，oratleasttheperceptionofit.Wouldpassengersfeelcomfortabletravellinginconvoy?DrKroopointsoutthattheaircraftcouldbeseparatedbyseveralnauticalmiles，andwouldnotbeintheunnervinglycosygroupingsfavouredbydisplayteamsliketheRedArrows.Apassengerpeeringoutofthewindowmightnotevenseetheotherplanes.Whethertheseparationdistancesinvolvedwouldsatisfyair-traffic-controlregulationsisanothermatter，althoughaworkinggroupattheInternationalCivilAviation.Organisationhasincludedthepossibilityofformationflyinginablueprintfornewoperationalguidelines.Itremainstobeseenhowweatherconditionsaffecttheairflowsthatmakeformationflightmoreefficient.Inzonesofincreasedturbulence，theplanes’wakeswilldecaymorequicklyandtheeffectwilldiminish.DrKroosaysthisisoneoftheareashisteamwillinvestigatefurther.Itmightalsobehardforairlinestoco-ordinatethedeparturetimesanddestinationsofpassengeraircraftinawaythatwouldallowthemtogainfromformationflight.Cargoaircraft，incontrast，mightbeeasiertoreschedule，asmightroutinemilitaryflights.Asithappens，America’sarmedforcesareonthecasealready.Earlierthisyearthecountry’sDefenceAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyannouncedplanstopayBoeingtoinvestigateformationflight，thoughtheprogrammehasyettobegin.Therearereportsthatsomemilitaryaircraftflewinformationwhentheywerelowonfuelduringthesecondworldwar，butDrLissamansaystheyareapocryphal.“MyfatherwasanRAFpilotandmycousintheskipperofaLancasterlostoverBerlin,”headds.Soheshouldknow.41.FindingsoftheStanfordUniversityresearcherswillpromotethesalesofnewBoeingandAirbusaircraft.42.Theupwashexperiencemaysavepropellingenergyaswellasreducingresistance.43.Formationflightismorecomfortablebecausepassengerscannotseetheotherplanes.44.Therolethatweatherplaysinformationflighthasnotyetbeenclearlydefined.45.IthasbeendocumentedthatduringWorldWarII，America’sarmedforcesoncetriedformationflighttosavefuel.SectionⅢTranslation46.Directions：InthissectionthereisatextinEnglish.TranslateitintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)“Suatainability”hasbecomeapopularwordthesedays，buttoTedNing，theconceptwillalwayshavepersonalmeaning.Havingenduredapainfulperiodofunsustainabilityinhisownlifemadeitcleartohimthatsustainability-orientedvaluesmustbeexpressedthougheverydayactionandchoice.Ningrecallsspendingaconfusingyearinthelate1990ssellinginsurance.He’dbeenthoughthedot-comboomandburstand，desperateforajob，signedonwithaBoulderagency.Itdidn’tgowell.“Itwasareallyhadmovebecausethat’snotmypassion,”saysNing，whosedilemmaaboutthejobtranslated，predictably，intoalackofsales.“Iwasmiserable，IhadsomuchanxietythatIwouldwakeupinthemiddleofthenightandstareattheceiling.Ihadnomoneyandneededthejob.Everyonesaid，‘Justwait，you’lltrunthecorner，giveitsometime.’”SectionⅣWritingPartADirections：YouhavejustcomebackfromtheU.S.asamemberofaSino-Americanculturalexchangeprogram.WritealettertoyourAmericancolleaguetoExpressyourthanksforhis/herwarmreception;2)Welcomehim/hertovisitC