新风尚大学实用英语第四册课后练习答案for Unit 2

Unit2ArtandYouthPassageADameVeraLynn,92,HasUK’sNo.1AlbumBackgroundKnowledge1.DameVeraLynnDameVeraLynn(bornVeraMargaretWelchon20March1917)isanEnglishsingerwhosecareerflourishedduringWorldWarII,whenshewasnicknamed"TheForces'Sweetheart".Thesongsmostassociatedwithherare"We'llMeetAgain"and"TheWhiteCliffsofDover".ShewasappointedanOfficer(OBE)oftheOrderoftheBritishEmpirein1959,andaDameCommanderoftheOrder(DBE)in1975.In2000,shereceivedaspecial"Spiritofthe20thCentury"Award.In1976,theVeraLynnCharityBreastCancerResearchTrustwasfounded,withLynnitschairpersonandlateritspresident.DameVeraLynn, DBE (born VeraMargaretWelch on20March1917) [1] isanEnglishsingerandactresswhosemusicalrecordingsandperformanceswereenormouslypopularduring WorldWarII.Duringthewarshetoured Egypt, Indiaand Burma,givingoutdoorconcertsforthetroops.Shewascalled"TheForces'Sweetheart";thesongsmostassociatedwithherare"We'llMeetAgain"and"TheWhiteCliffsofDover".Sheremainedpopularafterthewar,appearingonradioandtelevisionintheUKandtheUnitedStatesandrecordingsuchhitsas"AufWiederseh'nSweetheart"and"MySon,MySon".In2009shebecametheoldestlivingartisttomakeittoNo.1onthe British albumchart,attheageof92.[2] Shehasdevotedmuchtimeandenergytocharityworkconnectedwithex-servicemen,disabledchildrenandbreastcancer.Sheisstillheldingreataffectionbyveteransofthe SecondWorldWar andin2000wasnamedtheBritonwhobestexemplifiedthespiritofthetwentiethcentury.[3]2.TheBeatlesTheBeatleswereanEnglishrockband,formedinLiverpoolin1960andoneofthemostcommerciallysuccessfulandcriticallyacclaimedactsinthehistoryofpopularmusic.From1962thegroupconsistedofJohnLennon(rhythmguitar,vocals),PaulMcCartney(bassguitar,vocals),GeorgeHarrison(leadguitar,vocals)andRingoStarr(drums,vocals).Rootedinskiffleand1950srockandroll,thegrouplaterworkedinmanygenresrangingfromfolkrocktopsychedelicpop,oftenincorporatingclassicalandotherelementsininnovativeways.Thenatureoftheirenormouspopularity,whichfirstemergedasthe"Beatlemania"fad,transformedastheirsongwritinggrewinsophistication.Thegroupcametobeperceivedastheembodimentofprogressiveideals,seeingtheirinfluenceextendintothesocialandculturalrevolutionsofthe1960s.3.Relatedwebsitesandwebpages:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vera_Lynnhttp://www.beatles.net/TeachingDesign1.TheStructureoftheTextThepassagecanbedividedintothreeparts:PartsParagraphsMainIdeaofEachPartPartOneParas1-2DameVeraLynn,attheageof92,capturedtheNo.1recordinBritainwithWe’llMeetAgain.PartTwoParas3-15Herworksgainedwidespreadpopularity.PartThreeParas16-17Lynn’sattitudetowardshersuccess2.ThewritingstyleofthepassageThisessaybelongstoatypeofnarrationregardingDameVeraLynn,who,attheageof92,capturedtheNo.1recordinBritainwithhermasterpiece---We’llMeetAgain.Thewholepassageiswellorganizedinthatitfallsintothreeparts.PartI(1-2)informsthereaders,directlyandclearly,thatDameVeraLynnwasthemostpopularsingeraccordingtoBritishalbumcharts.Themainbody(paras.3-15)describesthatherworksgainedwidespreadpopularity.Lynnwasremarkablyknownas“ForcesSweetheart”asherwartimesongssatisfactorilyofferedsoldiersfightingabroadalotofcomfortandgreatlyeasedtheirhomesickness.ThelastparttellsthatLynnwasquitepuzzledbysurprisingcomeback.3.SuggestionstoTeachingActivitiesWarming-upactivity:Step1:Studentsaredividedinto5smallgroups,eachconsistingof6members.TheyareassignedbeforeclasstoconductsomeresearchesregardingDameVeraLynn,forexample,bysurfingoninternettofindoutasmuchusefulinformationaspossibleandfamiliarizethemselveswiththefigure.Groupmemberscooperatewitheachotherandfullypreparetheirclasspresentation.Step2:Onestudentisappointedtorepresenthis/hergrouptodotheclasspresentation.Withtheaidofmultimediatechnology,therepresentativespresentvividdescriptionofDameVeraLynn,includingherbasicinformation,schooling,masterpiece,contribution,etc.Thestudents-centeredteachingmethodology,whichputgreatemphasistolearningbydoing,perfectlyenhancesstudents’comprehensivecapacity.Step3:Finally,theteacherofferssuggestionsforstudents’furtherimprovement.Thepurposeofthistask-basedteam-workactivityistoarousestudents’interestontherelatedtopicofthetext,stirtheirresearchenthusiasmandoffergoodchancestohavetheiroralEnglishpracticed.DetailedDiscussionoftheText1.Atage92,DameVeraLynnhasbeatentheArcticMonkeysandeventheBeatlestocapturetheNo.1recordinBritain.(Para.1)capture:v.totakeintoone'spossessionorcontrolbyforceorrecordorexpressaccuratelyinwordsorpictures占有,控制;（用文字、图片正确地） 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 达n.theactionofcapturingorofbeingcaptured捕获；被捕获e.g.TheRussianscaptured13,000men.俄罗斯军队俘虏了13,000人。Shedidaseriesofsketches,tryingtocaptureallhismoods.她画了一系列素描，力图捕捉他所有的情绪。2.Thesingerwho70yearsagorecordedamovingreminderofhomeforBritishsoldiersfightingfarawayonMondaybecametheoldestlivingartist...(Para.2)“who70yearsagorecorded…fightingfaraway”为定语从句，修饰先行词“thesinger”。句子的主干是“Thesinger…onMondaybecametheoldestlivingartist…”。onMonday为动词became的时间状语。record:v.,n.toconvert(soundorabroadcast)intopermanentformforlaterreproduction录制（声音，广播）;（尤指体育）纪录，最佳成绩e.g.Theywererecordingaguitarrecital.他们正在给一场吉他独奏会录音。Theygointothestudionextweektorecordtheirdebutalbum.他们下周到录音棚录制自己的处女作唱片。Heheldtheworldrecordforoveradecade.他把这项世界纪录保持了十多年。Hemanagedtobeattherecord.他打破了这项纪录。Usefulphraseswith“record”:fortherecord:sothatthetruefactsarerecordedorknown为正式 记录 混凝土 养护记录下载土方回填监理旁站记录免费下载集备记录下载集备记录下载集备记录下载 在案e.g.Fortherecord,Ihaveneverbeentotheflat.必须申明备查的是我从未去过那套公寓。offtherecord:notmadeasanofficialorattributablestatement私下的，不供引用的；非正式的put(或set)therecordstraight:togivethetrueversionofeventsthathavebeenreportedincorrectly;correctamisapprehension澄清事实，纠正误解3.Thisweek’sBritishalbumchartswerearealtripdownmemorylane…thanksmainlytothereleaselastweekoftheirremasteredalbums.MichaelJacksonhadfiveappearancesinthetop100.(Para.3)arealtripdownmemorylane源于短语totakeatripdownmemorylane，意为“在记忆中穿梭”。这是个比喻的说法，意为回忆起某事。这里是说顺着英国的排行榜看下去，就像是在记忆中穿梭。e.g.Playingthose1960srecordswasatripdownmemorylane.听60代的唱片好象使我们回到了过去那个令人愉快的时期。TheQueentookatripdownmemorylaneyesterdayduringaninformalvisittotheAngusvillageofGlamiswhereshespentherchildhood.女王昨天对她度过童年的格莱米斯的安格斯村进行了一次非正式访问，这勾起了她对往昔的美好回忆。TheoldBingCrosbyrecordcertainlytookmedownmemorylane.这张宾克·罗斯比的老唱片使我沉迷在对过去的怀念之中。thanksto:asaresultof;dueto幸亏；由于，因为e.g.It’sthankstoyouthathe'sinthismess.都是因为你，他处境才这般狼狈。Thankstoimprovedqualityanddesign-andbrisksalesintheU.S.-Hyundaisold1.34millionvehiclesinthefirst10monthsofthisyear,anincreaseof8％overthesameperiodin2000.由于改善质量和 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 ，汽车在美国的销售劲升。当年的头10个月就销售出134万辆，比2000年的同期增长了8％。Thankstoyou,Iwassavedfromdrowning.幸亏你,我才没有淹死。4.…buttheirmassreleasemayhavepreventedanyonealbumfromoutselling“We’llMeetAgain.”(Para.4)release:vt.,n.a.toalloworenabletoescapefromconfinement;setfree释放，解放e.g.Thegovernmentannouncedthattheprisonerswouldbereleased.政府宣布囚犯将被释放。b.toremoverestrictionsorobligationsfrom(someoneorsomething)sothattheybecomeavailableforotheractivity解除（对……的）限制；免除（……的）义务；解放……的力量e.g.toreleasesb.fromhissuffering免除某人的痛苦Thestrategywouldreleaseforcesforserviceinotherareas.这一战略会腾出一些部队去其他地区执行任务。Andwhatismore,releasecanbefunctionedasanoun.e.g.ahappyrelease幸福的解脱(尤指经过长期的痛苦以后被死所解脱)blockrelease(英国和欧洲大陆提高企业人员水平的)脱产进修dayrelease(工人)脱产学习AftermyexaminationIhadafeelingofrelease.考完试后我有如释重负之感。Thewardenoftheprisonsignedtherelease.监狱长签发释放令。preventsb.fromdoingsth.：tostopsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事e.g.Cottonmittenswillpreventthebabyfromscratchinghisownface.棉的连指手套使婴儿不会抓伤自己的脸。Hispromptactionpreventedthefirefromspreading.他的果断行动制止了火势的蔓延。Ihavebeenunavoidablypreventedfromcoming.我身不由己,不能前往。outsell:v.tobesoldingreaterquantitiesthan卖得比…多e.g.CDoutsellsvinylforthefirsttime.光盘的销售量首次超过塑胶唱片。GarthBrooksisoutsellingMichaelJackson.加尔斯•布鲁克的销售额正在超过迈克尔•杰克森。Heoutsellsallothersalesmenforthecompany.他为公司推销产品比别的推销员都多。这里值得注意的是前缀out-:①[加在动词、名词、分词或形容词前]表示“出”,“向外”,“在外”;“远”,如:outspread,outbuilding,outdoor,outpatient;②[加在动词、部分形容词及名词前]表示“胜过”,“超过”,如:outdo,outsmart,outpaceoutfight,outperform;③[加在具有某一方面显著特点的人名前]表示“在某一特征上超过”,如:aFascistwhoout-HitlersHitler比希特勒更加希特勒的法西斯分子;④若为分词、名词或形容词时,其重音常在out上,如:'outbreak,'outgoing;若为动词,其重音常在第二个音节以后,如:out'do.5.Lynnwasknownasthe“Forces’Sweetheart”andhersongs—including“We’llMeetAgain”and“(There’llbeBluebirdsOver)TheWhiteCliffsofDover”—werewartimesongs.(Para.5)Forces’Sweetheart战地甜心，战士们对女歌手林恩的爱称。including“We’llMeetAgain”and…TheWhiteCliffsofDover”用作插入语（parenthesis）。beknownas以......知名;被认为是;称为beknownfor因......而著名e.g.Hewasanauthorwhoseworksweresolittleknownastobealmostconfidential.他这位作家的著作是如此不为人所知，以致几乎等于机密文件。Wewanttobeknownforinnovationandcreativityandrigorasmuchasweareknownforeducatingleadersforbusinessandsociety.我们不但要因培养商业和社会领袖而闻名，我们更要因我们的创新力、创造力和治学严谨而著称。c.f.：beknownto为...所知becomeknown出名makeoneselfknowntosb.向某人作自我介绍makesth.known把某事(向某人)公布makesth.knowntosb.把某事(向某人)公布6.“Inasense,it’scomfortmusic,”saidmusicwriterJohnAizlewood.(Para.5)inasense在某种意义上,在一定程度上e.g.Youarerightinasense,butyoudon'tknowallthefacts.在某种意义上你是对的,但你不了解全部事实。Inasense,theyserveasadictionaryofcolors.从某种意义上来说，它可以被当作关于颜色的词典。Whatyousaidisinasensetrue.在某种意义上你说的是真的。其他关于sense的短语：bringtoone'ssenses使头脑正常[清醒过来],开导某人,使醒悟；cometoone'ssenses恢复理性,苏醒；inallsenses(=ineverysense)在各方面,彻头彻尾；inabroad[narrow]sense在广[狭]义上；inasense在某种意义上来说；innosense决不是,决非inone's(right)senses头脑清醒,有理智,讲道理7.“Thesearequiteuncertaintimes,andquiteausteretimes,aswell.Andinthesetimes,youneedmusictohelppullyouthrough.”（Para.5）austere:a.(oflivingconditionsorawayoflife)havingnocomfortsorluxuries;harshorascetic（生活条件，方式）刻苦的；简朴的e.g.Thepeoplearestillleadinganausterelifeinthemountains.山区人民仍然过着艰苦的生活。topullthrough(使)渡过难关,(使)恢复健康e.g.Hisinjuriesareseverebuthe'sexpectedtopullthrough.他的伤势很严重，但还是有希望救活的。Itwasamiraclethattheywereabletopullherthroughtheoperation.他们居然能使她开刀后活了下来,真是个奇迹。Hesucceededinpullingthroughthedifficulty.他平安地渡过了困难。Ifhecouldmusterupcourage,hemightpullthrough.如果他能鼓起勇气，就可以渡过难关了。Ifhecouldmusterupmorestrength,hemightpullthrough.如果他再鼓把劲就可以度过难关了。There’sjustafightingchancethatwe’llbeabletopullthrough.我们渡过难关仅有一线希望。8.HeattributedmuchofLynn’sresurgencetonostalgia,alongingforsimplicityandold-fashionedvalues,and"pensionerpower."(Para.6)“nostaligia”,“alongingforsimplicity”,和“pensionerpower”并列做to的宾语。attribute:vt.(attributesomethingto)toregardsomethingasbeingcausedby把……归因于；把……归咎于e.g.Heattributedthefirm'ssuccesstotheeffortsofthemanagingdirector.他把公司的成就归功于总经理的努力。Someattributetherisetoanoveremphasisonearlysuccess.有的人把上升的原因归结为过分强调少年时期的成功。nostalgia:n.asentimentallongingorwistfulaffectionforthepast,typicallyforaperiodorplacewithhappypersonalassociations怀旧；（尤指对某段快乐时光或某地的）思念，怀念e.g.Iwasovercomewithacutenostalgiaformydaysatuniversity.我强烈地怀念大学时代的生活。Iwasfilledwithnostalgiabyhearingmyfavoriteoldsong.我听到这首喜爱的旧歌，心中充满了怀旧之情。Herworkispervadedbynostalgiaforapastage.她的作品充满怀旧之情。Wistfully,Ilookonthosedayswithafeelingofnostalgia.我真地对那段日子有一种怀旧之情。longfor:渴望;想念e.g.Peoplearelongingforpeace.人民渴望和平。Aswiftchangeislongedfor,butunlikely.人们期盼着更快的变化,但不太可能。Hehasbeenlongingforhereversincesheleft.自她走后,他一直在想念她。9.“ThisiswhatIcalltappingareservoiroflove,”hesaid.(Para.9)tap:vt.toexploitordrawasupplyfrom(aresource)开发（资源）e.g.Wehaveenormousreservesofoilstillwaitingtobetapped.我们有巨大的石油矿藏在等待开发。thesemagazineshavetappedintoatargetmarketofconsumers.这些杂志已经开发了消费者目标市场。areservoiroflove这里使用了暗喻（metaphor）的修辞。e.g.theseaoftroubles忧愁之海10.BothdownloadsandphysicalsalescountontheOfficialChartCompany’scount,accordingtotheirWebsite.（Para.12）Count意为“haveweight;takeintoaccount起作用；值得考虑”。counton依赖,依靠;期望,指望e.g.Theycountedonforeigninvestmenttostimulatetheireconomy.他们想依靠外国投资来刺激他们的经济。Countonmetohelpyouheartandsoul.相信我会全心全意地帮助你。Youcancountonme(my)doingmybest.请相信，我一定尽力而为。Wecancountontheweatherbeingfine.我们可以指望天气好转。Youcancountonoursupportinanyemergency.（你们）如果有什么紧急情况，我们一定支援。download:v.,n.tocopy(data)fromonecomputersystemtoanotherortoadisk下载e.g.WherecanIdownloadKingsoftInternetSecurity?我在哪里能下载金山网镖？IttookDAYStodownload!下载时间太长了！WirelessDownloadElectronicVotingSystem无线下载电子投票表决系统Whataredownloadprivileges?什么是下载特权？Aboveisyourdownloadlink.以上就是你的下载地址.11.CastaldosaidhethoughtitwasunlikelythatmanyofLynn’ssaleswereattributedtodownloads.(Para.12)“hethought”为是插入语。宾语从句itwasunlikelythat…中it为形式主语，真正的主语是从句that…attributedtodownloads。unlikely:a.notlikelytohappen,bedone,orbetrue;improbable未必会发生的；不大可能的；不大可靠的e.g.anunlikelyexplanation不大可信的解释。tobeunlikelytodosth.不太可能做某事It'sextremelyunlikely/improbabletoreachanagreementbetweenus.在我们之间达成 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 是绝对不可能的。But"thisisunlikelytobethewholestory".但“情况可能并非完全如此”。12.Accordingtoherrecordcompany,Lynnfirstrecorded“We’llMeetAgain”inSeptember1939,justasWorldWarIIbrokeout.（Para.12）breakout:a.(ofwar,fighting,orsimilarlyundesirablethings)startsuddenly（战争，战斗或类似的不受欢迎的事件）突然爆发b.(ofaphysicaldiscomfort)suddenlymanifestitself（身体不适）突然发作e.g.Whenthewarbreaksout,thetwocountriesbreakofftheirdiplomaticrelation.战争爆发後，两国间断绝了外交关系ForestfireshavebrokenoutacrossIndonesia.印度尼西亚爆发了全国性的森林火灾。Pricklesofsweathadbrokenoutalongherbackbone.密密的汗珠沿着她的脊梁沁出来。13.Shewasn’tthesoldiers’favoriterightaway,saidTerryCharman,aseniorhistorianatLondon’sImperialWarMuseum.(Para.12)senior:a.holdingahighandauthoritativeposition高级的；高职的e.g.HeisaseniorFinanceMinistryofficial.他是财政部高级官员。Heisaseniormemberofthecommittee.他是一名资深的委员。Heisseniortome.他是我的上司。14.ButasservicemenallovertheworldheardLynnontheradio—andmanysawherinperson,infar-flungplaceslikeBurmaandEgypt—shebecamethevoicethatwouldremindthemofhome.(Para.12)inperson:withthepersonalpresenceoractionoftheindividualspecified亲自，直接，当面e.g.You’dbetterspeaktohiminperson.你最好亲自对他说。Heheldthemeetinginperson.他亲自主持这个会议。Ican'tattendthemeetinginperson,butIamsendingsomeonetospeakforme.我不能亲自出席会议,但我将派人代我发言。Ifyouwishforfurtherexplanation,you'dbetterapplyinpersontothedirector.如果你想得到进一步说明,你最好直接找厂长联系。c.f.beone'sownperson做自己喜欢的事；依个人的性子做；inthepersonof以……的身份，名叫……的toremindof:就…提醒(某人),使(某人)想起……e.g.HeremindedmeofwhatIshouldotherwisehaveforgotten.亏他提醒我,要不然我就忘了。Sheneverlikedtoberemindedofthepast.她从来就不愿别人提起往事。ItremindedmeofthemistakesIhadmadebefore.它使我想起了以前我犯的一些错误。15.AndLynnisstillspeakingoutforsoldiers—appearingrecentlyinmajorBritishnewspaperstourgesupportfortroopsfightinginAfghanistan.（Para.16）tospeakout毫无保留地说出e.g.Ifyouhaveanyobjections,justspeakout.如果你有什么反对意见,就爽快地说出来。Hehasthecouragetospeakouthisopinion.他敢于说出自己的意见。Noonedaredtospeakoutagainsttheinjustice.没人敢对不公正行为表示公开反对。Youshouldspeakoutboldly.要敢于大胆讲话。Tospeakoutaccordingtothefacts,…照事实讲,…….16.MadeaDamebyQueenElizabethIIin1975,shehasbeenpartofimportantnationalfunctions…suchasthe2005anniversarycelebrationsofWorldWarII’sVictoryinEuropeDayandthelateQueenMother’sbirthday.(Para.15)“MadeaDamebyQueenElizabethII”意为“被伊丽莎白二世授予爵士”。过去分词made表示被动。anniversary:n.thedateonwhichaneventtookplaceinapreviousyear周年纪念日e.g.the50thanniversaryoftheBattleofBritain.不列颠之战50周年纪念日。Agoldenweddingisthefiftiethanniversaryofamarriage.金婚是结婚五十周年纪念日。17.Lynnsaysshedoesn’tintendto…theBBCshewaspuzzledbyhercomeback.(Para.18)comeback:n.名人（尤指演艺人员或运动员的）复出，东山再起e.g.Theoldactormadeasuccessfulcomebackaftertwentyyears.那位老演员二十年后卷土重来，马到成功。Theteammadeacomebackinthesecondhalfofthematch.该队在下半场比赛时卷土重来。Helostthelastelectionbuthopestomakeacomebacknexttime.他上次竞选失败,但是希望下次卷土重来。PassageB6ThingsYouDidn’tKnowAboutPavarottiBackgroundKnowledge1.LucianoPavarottiLucianoPavarotti,CavalierediGranCroceOMRI(12October1935–6September2007)wasanItalianoperatictenor,whoalsocrossedoverintopopularmusic,eventuallybecomingoneofthemostcommerciallysuccessfultenorsofalltime.Hewasoneof"TheThreeTenors"andbecamewell-knownforhistelevisedconcertsandmediaappearances.PavarottiwasalsonotedforhischarityworkonbehalfofrefugeesandtheRedCross,amongstothers.2.tenorThetenorisatypeofmalesingingvoiceandisthehighestmalevoicewithinthemodalregister.ThetypicaltenorvoiceliesbetweenC3,theConeoctavebelowmiddleC,totheAabovemiddleC(A4)inchoralmusic,anduptohighC(C5)insolowork.ThelowextremefortenorsisroughlyB2(twoBsbelowmiddleC).Atthehighestextreme,sometenorscansinguptotwoFsabovemiddleC(F5).3.NansenMedalTheNansenRefugeeAwardformerlyknownastheNansenMedalisgivenannuallybytheUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugeestoindividualsorgroupsinrecognitionofoutstandingservicetothecauseofrefugees.TheawardisnamedafterFridtjofNansen,thefamousNorwegianexplorer,scientistandpolitician,whowasthefirstHighCommissionerforRefugeesattheLeagueofNations,apredecessoroftheUN.Theawardwasfirstgivenin1954andsince1979amonetaryprizehasbeenaddedtothemedal.In2005themonetaryprizeconsistedof$100,000.DetailedDiscussionoftheText1.Today,September6,2007,oneofthebesttenorsinhistory,LucianoPavarotti,diedat71.(Para.1)tenor:n.asingingvoicebetweenbaritoneandaltoorcounter-tenor,thehighestoftheordinaryadultmalerange男高音e.gThreecelebratedtenorssangatthepresident’sinauguration.3位著名的男高音歌手在总统就职仪式上演唱。Thefourpartsinsingingaresoprano,alto,tenorandbass.唱歌的四个声部是女高音、女低音、男高音和男低音。2.HeraisedmorethanUS$1.5millionforrefugeesworldwide(morethananyotherindividualintheworld!)raise:v.tocollect,levy,orbringtogether(moneyorresources)筹集e.g.Wecouldn'traiseenoughmoneyforaholiday.我们没能筹措到足够度假的钱。Theydecidedtoraisemoneybysubscription.他们决定靠募捐的办法来筹集这笔款子。3.In2001,PavarottireceivedtheNansenMedalfromtheUNHighCommissionforRefugeesforhiseffortsraisingmoneyonbehalfofrefugeesworldwide.(Para.2)onbehalfof为了……的利益,代表……e.g.pleadonbehalfofthepeople为民请命appealsonbehalfofthedisadvantaged为社会底层的人所作的呼吁Hespokeonbehalfoftheplan.他为这项计划辩护。Attheairporthereadanaddressofwelcomeonbehalfoftheassociation.在机场上他代表该协会致了欢迎词。I'mwritingonbehalfofmymothertoexpressherthanksforyourgift.我代表我母亲写信,对你的礼物表示感谢。4.Throughbenefitconcertsandvolunteerwork,hehasraisedmorethanUS$1.5million,morethananyotherindividual.(Para.2)benefitconcert:aconcertgivenforthebenefitofsomecharitablecause为某慈善事业义演的音乐会e.g.Haveyouheardofanybenefitconcertforthetsunami?你有没有听说要为这次海啸开公益音乐会?WilliamscametothisConnecticuttownFridaynighttoplayhisguitarinabenefitconcertatachurch.威廉姆斯星期五晚上来到康乃迪克城在教堂里的慈善义演中弹吉他。5.In1998,hewasappointedtheUnitedNation’sMessengerofPeace,usinghisfametoraiseawarenessofUNissues,includingtheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals,HIV/AIDS,childrights,etc.(Para.2)现在分词短语“usinghisfame…UNissues”做伴随状语,而“including…Goals”分词短语修饰issues做后置定语，相当于“whichinclude…”。appoint:v.toassignajoborroleto(someone)任命，委派（工作，角色）appointsb.tobe/as任命某人为tobeappointedas被任命为e.g.Shehasbeenappointedtotheboard.她被任命为董事会董事。Theyappointedheraspersonnelmanager.他们委任她为人事经理。6.AfterthewarinBosnia,hefinancedandestablishedthePavarottiMusicCenterinthesoutherncityofMostartoofferBosnia’sartiststheopportunitytodeveloptheirskills.（Para.2）句中finance用作动词，做谓语。finance:v.toprovidefundingfor(apersonorenterprise)为（个人，企业）供给资金e.g.tofinanceanenterprise供给企业资金tofinancethroughborrowing借债处理财务Thehealthserviceisfinancedalmostentirelybythetaxpayer.公共医疗卫生服务几乎全由纳税人支付。7.Pavarotti’srisetostardomwasnotwithoutoccasionaldifficulties.(Para.3)帕瓦罗蒂上升的阶梯不是没有偶然的困难的。这是一个双重否定句，意在强调。8.Heearnedareputationas"TheKingofCancellations"byfrequentlybackingoutofperformances,andhisunreliablenatureledtopoorrelationshipswithsomeoperahouses.(Para.3)by….backingoutofperformances做原因状语。句子的主干为Heearnedareputation…,andhisunreliablenatureledtopoorrelations…reputation:n.thebeliefsoropinionsthataregenerallyheldaboutsomeoneorsomething名声，名誉Hisreputationwastarnishedbyallegationsthathehadtakenbribes.他的名声被接受贿赂的指控给玷污了。Hisknowledgeofhissubjectearned