cause_and_effect 英语说明文写作中的因果关系

CauseEffectPresenter:ShellDate:1st,AprilQuestionswithwhyareoftenaskedandanswered.Why?DefinitionWordsandphrasesOrganizeparagraphrelationshipCauseandEffectCause&EffectTellreaderswhysomethinghappenedTellreaderstheresultsofsomethingCauseEffecteffectsThereforesoasaresult,consequentlyaccordinglybecauseofthisThus.henceforthisreasonresultincausesduetobecauseofowingtoasaresultofonaccountofforonthegroundofThroughBecausesinceasonthegroundthatTransitionalWordsandPhrases therefore,consequently,asaresult,andforthisreason通常后面接逗号 Theweatherwascold;therefore,Sallyclosedthewindow.Theweatherwascold.Therefore,Sallyputonhercoat. Theweatherwascold.Consequently,Sallyputonherscarf. Ablizzardhitthetown.Asaresult,theschoolswereclosed. Since,because置于 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示原因的句子前，句后用逗号. Becausetheweatheroutsidewascold,Sallyclosedthewindow. so前面的句子后加逗号 Theweatherwaswarm,soJimturnedontheairconditioner.TherearetwowaysoforganizingparagraphsdevelopedbycauseandeffectTostateaneffectanddevotetherestoftheparagraphtoexaminingthecausesTostateacauseandthenmentionorpredicttheeffectsExample:whatarethereasonsfortheincreasingrateofcaraccidents?Example:whataretheresultsofAmericanpopulationgettingolder?Accordingtoofficialstatistics,morethan10,000peopleinthecountrywerekilledincaraccidentslastyear.Theincreasingrateofcaraccidentscanbeattributedtothreegeneralcauses.Mechanicalproblemsofcars,suchasfaultybrakes,baldtires,andflattires,contributetothehighrateofcaraccidents.Environmentalproblems,suchasblindcorners,narrowstreets,heavyfog,slipperyroadscauseasignificantnumberofdisasters.Sucherrorsofhumanproblemsasexcessivespeedanddrunkendrivingareconsideredthemajorfactorofthefatalaccidents.Ifdrivershadbeencareful,manyneedlessslaughtersincaraccidentscouldhavebeenavoided.Thetopicsentenceindicatesthattheparagraphfocusesonthecauses.ArecentcensusreportedthattheAmericanpopulationisrapidlygettingolder.Theagingofthenationwillbringaboutseriouseffects.Themostobviouseffectisperhapsaneconomicone:howwillthecountrybearthecostofcaringfortoomanyoldpeople?Theoldareconsiderablymoreexpensivetomaintain.Theynowlivemainlyathomeandneedmoreservices,andmedicalcostsatpresentarealmosttwicethebillforpeopleunder65.Tosupporttheold,thesocial-securitysystemalreadypaysmorethanitreceives,andwithinamatteroffouryears,itwillnotbeabletohelptheretired.Then,tokeepthesystemgoing,workingAmericanswillsimplyhavetoworkharderandreceivelesspay.Effect1:takingcareoftheoldcostingmoremoneyEffect2:thesocialsecuritysystemlosingmoneyEffect3:workingAmericansworkingharderbutgettinglesspayFourpatternsofcause-effectrelationship Single-cause-single-effectpattern Single-cause-many-effectspattern Many-causes-single-effectpattern Causalchainpatterncauseeffectcause1cause2cause3effect1effect2effect3Whatisthecauseofairpollution?What’stheeffectsofsmoking?ExhaustgasfromcarsUncontrolledfactorygassesBurningoflowqualitycoalAirpollutionSmokingDoharmtopeople’shealthOftencausefiresWastemoneyCasualChainJim’sfatherhasabadtemper,andheoftenbeatsJim’smotherandthekids.(familyviolence)Jim’smotherleavesJim’sfather,takingthechildrenwithher.WithonlyJim’smother’sincome,thefamilyhaslessmoney,sothefamilyexperiencesfinancialproblems.Jim’smothermovesinwithherboyfriendtohelpthefamilyfinances.Jimfeelsunwantedinhisnewhomeandrunsaway.ahomelesschildcauseeffect(cause)effect(cause)effect(cause)effectthemostimmediateeffectHowtowritePracticeSample&homeworkwww.themegallery.comLOGOHowtowritecause-and-effectparagraph SoundReasoningorlogicWhendiscussingcausesandeffects,makesureyouranalysisisoflogic.YoumustnottakeitforgrantedthateventAcauseseventBsimplybecauseeventAoccursbeforeeventB.Inotherwords,youmustexplainclearlywhatreallybringsaboutaparticularresult.LOGOwww.themegallery.comLOGO PossibleShiftinorderIncause-and-effectwriting,itseemsconvenienttostatetheeffectfirstandthenanalyzethecauses.Thereverseorder,however,istobepreferredwhenonecauseleadstoanumberofeffects.LOGOTopicSentence--Itshouldtellwhattobediscussedintheparagraph;--Itshouldalsoindicatewhetherthefocusoftheparagraphisonthecauseortheeffect. IfyoustaywithTomforaday,youwillknowwhyheisgainingweight.(cause)2.AlthoughtheAmericanCivilWarturnedmanybrothersandsistersintoenemies,itsolvedsomebigpoliticalandeconomicproblemsofthecountry.(effect)3.Alackofessentialvitaminscanresultinseriousillness.(effect)4.TherearethreereasonswhyIwanttostayinasmalltown.(cause)Topicsentence:Iplaytabletennisforthreereasons.I.Sub-topicsentence:It’seasyfun.1.Haveknowntherulesforalongtime;2.Notdangerous.II.Sub-topicsentence:Itrelaxesme.1.Enjoyplayingwithfriends;2.Agoodbreakfromstudies.III.Sub-topicsentence:Itallowsmetomeetnewpeople.1.Traveltootherplacesforgames;2.CompetewithstudentsfromotherfacultiesHomework:analyzethecausesofoneofyourhobbies?