现代大学英语精读2第二版答案

KeytoexercisesUnit1Preview1. Listentotherecordingofthetextandthenfillintheblanksinthefollowingsentences.1. . aim/purpose; training; practical/professional skills; technical training;universities2. . graduateschool;Shakespeare’splays; beapharmacist3. makingaliving;keephimself;hisfamily;expose;ideas4. waking;average;aliving;allabout5. indanger;mechanizedsavages;push-buttonNeanderthals6. haveleftus;peculiaraccomplishments;species7. . center;storehouse8. . sarcastic;humorous2. Readthetextforbettercomprehensionandanswerthequestions,payingspecialattentiontothepartsinboldtype.1) Itmeansannoyingexperiences,toughproblemsorfailures.2) TheymusthavefinishedtheirgraduatestudieswithanadvanceddegreelikeaPhD.3) Itsimplymeans“oneofthestudents”.Theword“body”heremeansthewholegroupofstudents.Becausethestudentisthinandtall.Itismeanttobehumorousratherthaninsulting.4) HeteachesEnglishliterature.5) Byusingtheword“stuff”,heshowshisdislikeforthecourseveryclearly.Hedoesn’tlikethecoursebecausehethinksitisuselessforhisplannedcareer.6) Wecanassumethathedoesnotthinkitnecessarytowastemoneyonthebookssinceheintendstodropthecourse.7) Thelatter.Itisahumorouswayofreferringtoacertaintypeofpeople.8) HeistalkingaboutthePharmacySchool.Heisbeingsarcasticwhenhecallsit“aDrugstoreMechanicsSchool”Itmeans“技工”.9) Heistalkingaboutthediplomaforuniversityorcollegegraduates.Hehasinmindpeoplelikewhatthestudentwantstobe:pharmacists.10) Itmeans“havingbeenintroducedtotheideasdevelopedorproducedthroughouthistory.11) Itreferstohisefforttoconvincethestudent.12) “Hold”hereisanintransitiveverbmeaning“remaintrue”.Itisoftenusedasasetphrase“holdtrue”.13) Itmeans“thingsofthesamekind”.诸如此类14) Wecallitthefuturecontinuoustense.Itisusedforongoingfutureactions.15) Heissayingherethatyouwillmakesurethatthemedicineyoumakewillnotbemixedwithpoisonifyouaretrainedasapharmacist;thatthehousesyoubuildwillsuccessfullykeepoutbullsifyourchosenjobisengineering;andthatyourclientwillnotbesentencedtodeathbecauseyouareincompetentifyouwanttobealawyer.16) Theseareallusefulthingstodo…andraises/bringsupyourchildren.17) InformalEnglish,“may”isusedtoexpressahopeorwish.Moreexamples:Mayourcountrybeprosperousandourpeoplehappy.Maypeacefinallyprevail.Note:suffice(besufficient) Itisformalforhumorouseffect.18) 民主的思想家.Willyoubeheadingafamilythatisfamiliarwiththegreatdemocraticideasinpasthistory?19) Hemeansthetallstudent.“Pest”isoftenusedtorefertoanannoyingpersonespeciallyachild.20) No.Hemeansthatheisaimingtomakemoney.Thatishispurposeforcomingtoschool.21) …you’regoingtohavetroublefindingsomethingtodowhenyouarenotspendingmoney.22) …thenyoushouldn’tgotocollege.Youhavenoreasontogotocollege.23) Heissayingherethatyoungpeoplemaybecomesavagesliketheancientpeoplewholived35,000to130,000yearsagoalthoughtheycannowpushbuttonsandusemachines,hence,a“newspecies”.24) Ourcollegesareboundtoproducesomestudentsofthiskind.Heisverysarcasticaboutthesepeopleandthinksthattheyarenottrulyeducatedandcivilizedastheyshouldbetoday.Thereforeheusestheexpression:“suchlifeforms”.Notealsothattheword“graduate”isusedasatransitiveverbhere.25) Wearetalkingabouthowideasorconceptsaredevelopedandhowimportanttheyareintheevolutionofthehumanspecies.Animalslivebyinstinct.Onlyhumanbeingsareabletoformulateideassuchaslove,freedom,democracy,andequality.Theseideasmakeusdifferentfromotheranimals.Andwegettheseideasfrompeopleinthepast.Thatiswhyreadingissoimportant.Manyscholarsmaintainthatwithoutreadingwedon’tknowhowtothink.Thereare,however,peoplewhoemphasizetheimportanceofdirectexperience.Theysaythat‘Doingisalsolearning’.Sometimestheyevengoasfarastomaintainthatreadingmaypreventusfromcreativethinking.26) Thefactthatwehavethefacultymeansthat…Vocabulary1. Dothefollowingexercisesonwordformationrules.1) Thefollowingwordsareadjectivesendingwiththesuffixes“-ent”and“-ant,”andtheircorrespondingnounsusuallyendingwith“-ence”and“-ance.”Decidewhichofthefollowingshouldbetheformer,andwhichthelatter.1. different2. independent3. extravagant4. competent5. arrogant6. important7. confident8. fragrant9. significant10. convenient11. evident12. intelligent13. relevant14. present15. urgent16. violent17. current18. frequent19. distantNote: Thefollowingwordsarenouns,notadjectives:accountant;assistant;defendant;dependant;attendant2) Guessthecorrespondingnounsofthefollowing,payingspecialattentiontotheirpronunciation.1. qualification clarificationunification notificationclassification identificationintensification justificationsimplification certificationglorification specification2. modernization mechanizationrealization civilizationglobalization specializationAmericanization industrializationurbanization idealizationcentralization marketizationnationalization privatization3. permission discussionadmission professioncommission confessionremission impressionemission oppressionsubmission compressiontransmission expressionomission depression3) Givederivativesofthefollowingwords.1. sense: sensitive;sensible;senseless;sensibility;oversensitive;insensitive2. technique: technical;technically;technician;3. special: specially;specialty;specialize4. intellect: intellectual;intelligent;intelligence5. civil: civilize;civilization;civilized;uncivilized4) TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.1. Manypeopleagreethattheincreasedenrollmentisabigaccomplishment.2. Thelackofavailability ofcertified accountantswhocanmeetsuchhighqualificationsisstillabigproblem.3. Earlyspecializationisnotwise.Studentsshouldhaveawideexposuretoworldculturebeforetheyspecialize.4. Strongaswemightbesomedaywemustneverbecomearrogant.Weshouldcontinuetopursuethepolicyofpeacefulco-existenceamongnations.5. Itisapenetratingthoughtthatanation’spowerrestsessentiallywithitsadvancedcivilization.6. Ourmemoryofpastdisastrousexperiencesisanextremelyimportantspiritualresource.2. Translatethefollowingverb+nouncollocationsintoEnglish.1) foldone’sarms2) foldtheletter3) acquireknowledge4) generateideas5) generatejobs6) generatepower7) generateinterest8) employworkers9) use/employtime10) rear/raiseone’schildren11) rearsheep12) raiseone’sfamily13) raiseone’svoice14) raisetax15) raisethequestion16) maintaincontact17) maintainlawandorder18) maintainpeace3. Givethesynonymsandantonymsofthefollowing.Synonyms1. reasonably/rather/quite2. clearly/evidently3. tokeep4. toraise5. togain/obtain6. toproduce7. toprove8. department(university)9. humanity10. drugstore/chemist(英)11. type/example/model/caseAntonyms1. unavailable2. modestly3. general4. unqualified5. uncivilized/savage6. tounfold7. unemployed8. incompetence9. insensitive12. toenter/join13. however/but14. sharp/thoughtful15. thinker/intellectual16. toshake/tremble/shiver17. unavoidably/certainly/18. tosuppose/presume/think/guess19. tohelp/assist20. strange/odd/unusual/queer21. achievement/success/victory22. specialskill4. Completethesentenceswiththeexpressionslistedbelow.1) toseetoit;exposedto2) outfor;succeedin3) averagesout4) specializein5) stuckfor6) presideover7) stuckfor;seetoitthat8) trueof9) outto;seetoitthat10) havenobusiness5. Fillintheblankswiththerightwordorexpressioninthebracket.1) inmaking;tofind2) see3) out;of;of;for4) to5) by;for6) Poorashewas;put7) for8) in9) believedin;forcing10) physicist;sensitive6. TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1) Itiswrongtoraiseourchildrenthewaywegrowflowersinthegreenhouse.Wemustexposethemtoallsocialproblemsbecauseverysoontheywillbedealingwiththemasresponsiblecitizens.2) Astimegoesonweareinevitablygoingtogetmoreandmoreinvolvedininternationalaffairs.Andconflictsaresuretooccurbecausetherealwaysexistdifferentviewsandinterestsbetweennations.3) Weareproudofouraccomplishments,andwehavereasontobe.Butwemustneverbecomearrogant.Otherwisewewillloseourfriends.4) Informationisnoweasilyavailable.Anaveragecomputercanstoretheinformationofasmalllibrary5) Thatconstructioncompanyisnotqualifiedtohandletheproject.Theydonothaveanylegaldocumenttocertifythattheyhavethenecessaryexpertise.Wemustfindacompanythatspecializesinbuildingtheatres.6) Thesethinktanksdonotmakedecisions.Theyareouttogeneratenewideasandpenetratinganalysesthatwillbeextremelyusefulfordecisionmakers.7) ThegrowthofGDPisnoteverything.Ourcountrycannotbesaidtohavebeenmodernizedunlessthequalityofourpeople’slivesisreallyimproved.8) Pooraswewereinmanywaysatthattime,wewerestillquitehappyaschildren,fortherewascleanair,cleanwater,alotoffish,crabsandeelsintherivers,lakes,andponds;andalotofflowers,treesandbirdsinthefields.9) Giveabsolutepowertosomeindividualoranyparticulargroupofpeople,andthatpersonorgrouparesuretoabusethatpowerbecause,justasLordActonsays,“Powercorrupts,andabsolutepowercorruptsabsolutely.”10) Traditionallyinourcountryschooleducationwasalwayssaidtobemoreimportantandusefulcomparedwithallotherpursuits.Grammar1. . Pointouthowfuturetimeisexpressedandwhatconcepteachfutureexpressionconveys.Itisfarmorecomplicatedtotalkaboutthefuturethantotalkaboutthepresentandpast.Generally,futuretimeisexpressedintheseways.FutureatPresenta) )“will”asin3):usedtosaysomethingisexpectedtohappen“willbedoing”asin4):usedtosaythatyouaresurethatsomethingwillhappenbecausearrangementshavebeenmadeb) “begoingto”:used2),5)tosaythatsomethingwillhappenquitesoonortotalkaboutsb’sintentionsorwhattheyhavedecidedtodoc) “thepresentprogressive”asin10):usedtotalkaboutsomethingthatwillhappenbecauseyouhaveplannedorarrangeditd) “thesimplepresent”asin9):usedtosaythatsomethingwilldefinitelyhappenataparticulartime,especiallybecauseithasbeenofficiallyarrangedFutureinthePasta) )“would”asin7):usedtosaywhatyouintendedtodoorexpectedtohappenb) “was/weregoingto”asin1):usedtosaythatsomethingwasexpectedtohappenc) “was/weretodo”asin6),8):usedtotalkaboutsomethingthatwouldhappenbecauseithadbeenplannedorarranged.2. . Learntouseemphasizingcoordinatingconjunctions.1. Pointoutthegrammaticalformeachpairoftheconjunctionsconnects.Emphasizingcoordinatingconjunctionsconnectpartsofthesentencethathavethesamegrammaticalform.1) twonouns2) twoadjectives3) twoprepositionalphrases4) twoinfinitivephrases5) twonounphrases6) twonounphrases7) twoprepositionalphrases8) twoprepositionalphrases2. Combineeachpairofthesentencesusingtherightemphasizingcoordinatingconjunctions.1) )Theprovinceisstrongbothinindustryandinagriculture./Theprovinceisnotonlystronginindustry,butalsoinagriculture.2) )Reliefagenciessaytheimmediateproblemisnotalackoffood,buttransportation.3) )Generally,afterworkingforthecompanyforfiveyears,youngemployeeseitherarepromotedorleave.4) )TVprogramsforchildrenshouldnotonlyentertainbutalsoteach.5) )Obviously,thesechildrenaremotivatednotbyadesiretoachieve,butbyfearoffailure6) )Atpresent,itwouldbeneitherpracticalnordesirabletoeliminateexaminationsaltogether.7) )AsianAmericansareplayingamoreactiveroleinpoliticsthaneverbefore,bothatlocalandnationallevel.8) )Myunclebelievesthatinourtownsightseeingisbestdoneeitherbytourbusorbybicycle.9) )Woodflooringnotonlycleanseasily,butisenvironmentallyfriendly.10) )UntilIreadthearticleIknewneitherwhereshewasbroughtupnor(whereshewas)educated.11) )Ifindthenewmanagerneithereasytogetalongwithnordelightfultotalkto.12) )Contrarytowhatpeoplehadexpected,notonlydidheattendthemeeting,buthealsospokefortwentyminutes.3. . FillineachblankwithONEsuitableword.(1) other(2)best (3)reason (4)mental (5)next(6)As (7)take (8)cool (9)thinking (10)rest4. . TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1) )ThepremierisleavingforNewYorkforaUNconferencetomorrow.2) )HeistomeettheheadsofstateofseveralcountriesduringhisstayinNewYork.3) )WhatareyougoingtododuringtheNationalDayholidays?Areyougoinghomeorstayingoncampus?4) )—Whatdoyouthinkschoolwillbelikeintwentyyears’time?—Ithinkchildrenwillprobablylearnathomewithamechanicalteacher.5) )Thirtyyearsago,mygrandparentsneverthoughttheywouldbeabletomoveintoatwo-storeyhousewithallthemodernfacilities.6) )Whattheylackisnotmoneybutexperience.7) )TheyhavecometoChinanotonlytolearnChinese,buttolearnaboutChinesecultureaswell.8) )Whatchildrenwantmostfromtheirparentsarenotmaterialthingsbutloveandattention.9) )Youmayeitherwriteyouressayinyourregularexercisebookordoitonyourcomputer.10) )I’mnotquitesurewhyhedidn’tshowup.Eitherhewasnotinterested,orhesimplyforgotaboutit.11) )Asocietyshouldrespectbothitsscientistsanditsgarbagecollectors.12) )Heismiserlybothwithhismoneyandwithhistime.5. . Identifyandcorrectthemistakes.Notethereisnomistakeintwoofthesentences.1) )IwillphoneyouassoonasIarriveinBeijing.2) )Wecanhardlyimaginewhatlifewillbelikein50years.3) )WhatarewegoingtodoifEdithwon’thelpus?(Nomistakeinthissentence.Here“if…will”ispossiblewhenwillexpresses“willingness”.)4) )Pleasebeseated,everyone.Theshowisabouttobegin.(Use“beabouttodosth”tosaythatsomethingwillhappenalmostimmediately.“Will”isnotused.)5) )Itispredictedthatinabouttenyears’time,ChinawillbeabletosendmantotheMoon.(“Tobeabletodosth”isusedtosayitispossibleforsomeoneorsomethingtodosomething.)6) )Dropinwheneveryouplease.You’llalwaysbewelcome.(Adverbsoffrequency,suchasalways,usually,often,sometimes,etc,usuallygoimmediatelyinfrontofthemainverb.)7) )Neitherhisparents,norhisbrotherwasabletocometohisperformance.(Themainverbagreeswiththenounphraseintroducedbynor.)8) )BothherfriendsandherEnglishteacherbelieveshewillwinthetalentcontest.9) )Myfatherregardscreativitybothasagiftandasaskill.(Normally,thetwoitemsconnectedbyemphasizingcoordinatingconjunctionsshouldbeexpressedinthesamegrammaticalform,here,twoprepositionalphrases.)10) )Wecaneitherdoitnoworafterclass—it’suptoyou.(Nomistake.Thoughthetwoitems“now”and“afterclass”aren’tthesamegrammaticalform,thisisacceptablebecausewecanregardthemascondensedfrom“Wecaneitherdoitnowordoitafterclass.”Therefore,thetwoitemscanalsobedifferentgrammaticalformsservingthesamegrammaticalfunction,here,bothadverbials.)Unit2Preview1. Listentotherecordingofthetextandfillintheblanksinthefollowingsentences.1) racialequality2) civilrights;lingeron3) husband;quiteagoodhusband/veryconsiderate;liberal;racial4) considered;unprepared5) givehiswife;hadadmitted6) foundout;pressing7) look;arguedaboutsuchseriousmatters8) perfectlynormal;tolerate9) aredifferentculturally10) culturallyandsocially;racialsegregation11) white;married;aperfectstranger2. Readthetextforbettercomprehensionandanswerthequestions.1) “pitchin”means“tojoinwithotherpeopleindoingajob”.Intheexpression“topitchabaseball”,theword“pitch”means“tothrow”.“topitchatent”means“toputupatent支帐篷.“pitchdark”means“asdarkaspitch”漆黑—pitchmeans沥青“housework”meanstheworkyoudotokeepyourhousecleanandtidy;“homework”meanstheworkateachergivestoastudenttodooutofclass.2) Afterthinkingofallaspectsofthemattercarefully.Wecanassumethathewouldhaveconsideredthedifficultiesandproblemshebelieveditwouldbringtohislifeifhemarriedablackwife.3) Heknewtherewouldbeanunpleasantquarrel,andthatitwaswiserforhimjusttokeephismouthshut.Thisshowsthattheyhavehadpreviousseriousdisagreements.Thiswasnotthefirsttime.Itshowsthatthemanhasseldomtakenhiswifeseriously.4) “youcomingalong…andimplying…”isthecomplexobjectof“need”.Ifheweren’taracist,hewouldnotsayno,sincehiswifeisexactlythesamepersonexceptforherskincolor.5) No.Itisclearthatthewifeisusinganironicaltone.No.Themanisusingacommonexcuseofwhiteracistswhotrytojustifytheirprejudicebasedondifferentskincolorbyusingaseeminglymoreneutralandrespectableterm“culturaldifferences”.6) Toshowthathefoundthesituationveryannoying.Normallyitmeans“whatIsayisabsolutelytrue”,butherehemeans“ItistruenotbecauseIamsayingit.Ihavestatisticstoprovethis.”7) Shesaiditcontemptuously.Shewasgettingangry.8) Becausehiswifekeepsmimickinghim,showingthatshethinkswhathesaidwasridiculousandhypocritical.9) Like“Ohboy’or“MyGod”,itistoshowhisAnger,asifsaying“Don’tstartonthatagain.I’mfedup.”10) Stillunmarried.11) Hiswiferemainedangry.12) torecognizesthasaresultofknowledge,Experienceorevidence.”看得出来Shesawclearlythatherhusbandhesitatedbeforeheansweredthequestion,andhehesitatedbecausehewastryingtogetoutofthisembarrassingsituation.13) Shewantedhimtogiveherhistrueanswer.14) Itshowshisreluctancetogivethisanswer.15) Herindifferenceimpliescontempt.Itwouldnaturallyhurtherhusband.16) “tobeatit”heremeansdoingsomethingelsethatfollowsfromdoingtheprimarything.(Whilehewasdoingthedishes,doinghouseworkstuff,andhecouldn’tthinkofanythingelsetodo,hewouldmopthefloor)No,hewasembarrassedandangrytoo.Hecontinuedthehouseworktocoveruphisangerandshowhisindifferenceinreturn.17) Heisashamedofbeingmadetolosehistemper.Hethinksitwasfoolishofhimtotakehiswifesoseriously.Heobviouslydoesnotviewhiswifeashisintellectualequal.18) Heisgoingtochangehisanswer.No,hejustwantstohumorhiswife,andhedoesnotthinktheissuethatimportantanyway.19) Hewashopingthatnowthathehadsaidhewouldmarryherevenifshewereblack,shewouldforgivehim.Whenhiswifeaskedhimtoturnoffthelight,heexpectedhertojoinhim.Sohesaid“Allright”meaning“I’veturnedoffthelightasyouaskedmeto.Comeon.”20) Itshowsthatthiswasnotthefirsttimesincetheyhadmarriedthathehadfelthiswifewasastrangertohim.Vocabulary1. Dothefollowingexercisesonwordformationrules.1) Identifysuffixesthroughcomparingthefollowingwords.(1) Suffix“–ware”,meaningobjectsmadeofaparticularmaterial(2) Suffix“–ics”,meaning thescienceorartof.(3) Suffixes“–c”and“–ical”,meaningof,characteristicof,orbelongingto.2) Turnthefollowingintotheiroppositebyadding“in-”or“un-”1. unjust2. injustice3. unequal4. inequality5. unable6. inability7. invisible8. uncountable9. unavoidable10. unbelievable11. invaluable12. insignificant13. inseparable14. unbalanced15. uncomfortable16. uncommon17. informal18. unconditional19. inedible20. uneatable21. unconscious22. unaware23. inaudible24. unavailable25. inefficient26. unfair27. unfamiliar28. unfriendly29. indirect30. unfortunate31. ungrateful32. inconsiderate33. unhappy34. unimportant35. incompetent36. unlucky37. unlimited38. incomplete39. incapable40. unnecessary41. unreasonable42. inappropriate43. unpleasant44. unofficial45. unpopular46. inadequate3）Givederivativesofthefollowingwords.(1) economy:economist; economic;economical;economically;economize(2) critical:critic;critically;criticize;criticism(3) consider: considerate, inconsiderate, considerable, considerably,consideration,considering2. TranslatethefollowingcollocationsintoEnglish.1) do/washthedishes2) pinchone’sbrowstogether3) repeatone’swords4) pressone’slipstight5）squeezefruits6) rinseclothes7) spraycoolwater8) takeareasonabletone9) takeadeepbreath10）winavictory11) wintheargument12) demonstrateone’sindifference13) hurtsb’sfeelings14) wipethecounters15) mopthefloor.16) callsb’sname.1. Giveantonymsofthefollowingwords.1) dislike/hate;2) unlike3) inconsiderate4) small/insignificant/average5) deep/profound6) unreasonable7) wise/smart/clever/bright8) untrue/false9) unsteady/unstable/shaky10) heavy/weighty11) dark/dim12) loosen13) incompetence14) keen/interested/enthusiastic/sympathetic15) material/physical16) implicit/implied/general4. Rewritethesentences,replacingthephrasesinboldtypewiththeappropriateexpressionsintheirproperforms.1) It’sokaywithme;youmightaswell2) Youcantakemywordforit;breakup.3) cameupwiththesameidea4) cometomyaid5) forourchildren’ssake6) actedoutofconcernformyhealth7) Allthing