艾米莉迪金森Emily Dickinson

EmilyDickinson(1830-1886) 小组成员： BorninAmherst,Massachusetts. Studyinawomanschoolforoneyear. Stayinthehousemadebyhisgrandfatherandmovetoanotherplacewherelivestherefor15years. Twopeopleaffectherwriting:1aheadmasterofAmherstschool.2ayounglawyertoldsomereligiousidealsthatmadeherdeeplyattractedbythoughtsaboutworldisgrimandcharactersaremercy.Thesethoughtsreflectinherpoemsandlives. Twounsuccessfulmarriages.1.gosteadywiththelocalnewspapereditorwhowasalreadymarried.2.gosteadywithajudgewhowas18yearsolderthanher.Theseexperiencesaffectedherpoemsdeeply SheisanAmericanlegendarypoet-1800poems. 阿默斯特的女尼-Shewritespoemsindoorsafter25yearsold. ThethemesinDickinson’spoems 1.religion 2.deathandimmortality 3.love 4.nature Dickson’spoetryisuniqueandunconventionalinitsownway. 1)notitles. 2)dashesareusedasamusicaldevice 3)capitallettersasameansofemphasis. 4)Theformofherpoetryisfamiliar,communal（公共的）,andsometimes,irregular. 5)short;asinglyimageorsymbol;onesubjectmatter. 6)personalandmeditative. 7)SheoftenusedpersonaandpersonificationDickinson’sartisticcharacteristicsrepresentativework Itastealiquorneverbrewed 我品尝未酿之酒 Ifeltafuneral,inmybrain 在我头脑中，我感受到葬礼 Abirdcamedownthewalk 一只鸟儿沿着小径走过来 Idiedforbeauty-butwasscarce 我为美而死 Iheardaflybuzz-whenIdied 我听到苍蝇的嗡嗡声—当我死时IheardaFlybuzz—whenIdied—PoemsApprehension IheardaFlybuzz—whenIdied— IheardaFlybuzz—whenIdied— TheStillnessintheRoom WasliketheStillnessintheAir— BetweentheHeavesofStorm—   TheEyesaround—hadwrungthemdry— AndBreathsweregatheringfirm ForthatlastOnset—whentheKing Bewitnessed—intheRoom—(2) IwilledmyKeepsakes—Signedaway Whatportionofmebe Assignable—andthenitwas ThereinterposedaFly—   WithBlue—uncertainstumblingBuzz— Betweenthelight—andme— AndthentheWindowsfailed—andthen(3) Icouldnotseetosee—   Inthisfirststanza,thesceneofadeathbedisset. Thesecondstanzadiscussesthestateofmindofthosewaitingbythedeathbedofthespeaker.Theyhaveobviouslybeencryingbythesuggestionthattheireyeshad"wrungthemdry.” Whatdoesthe“king”referto? ThekingmaybeGod,Christ,ordeath; TheKingisprobablyGodinthiscontextandtheyareallawaitinghisenteringtheroomtotakethesoulofthespeaker. What’sthemeaningof“lastonset"? "Lastonset"isanoxymoron; "onset"meansabeginningand"last"meansanend.ForChristians,deathisthebeginningofeternallife. Thethirdstanza Howtounderstand“IwilledmyKeepsakes”? Thesekeepsakescouldbematerialgoodsthatthespeakercollectedduringlife.Therewillbenouseforthesegoodsinheavensothislinediscussesthetraditionofwillingawaypropertyandmaterialbelonging. Thefly"interposed“ whichmeanstocomebetweenorintervene Thevisionofdeathitpresentsishorrifying,evengruesome. thecentralimageisthefly Whatdodoestheflysuggest? Theuncertaintyoftheflycouldbesymbolicofthespeaker'sownunsurefeelingsaboutdeath.PoeticForm trimeterandtetrameteriambiclines (fourstressesinthefirstandthirdlinesofeachstanza,threeinthesecondandfourth,apatternDickinsonfollowsathermostformal); rhythmicinsertionofthelongdashtointerruptthemeter; rhymescheme:abcb. Interestingly,alltherhymesbeforethefinalstanzaarehalf-rhymes(Room/Storm,firm/Room) whileonlytherhymeinthefinalstanzaisafullrhyme(me/see). Dickinsonusesthistechniquetobuildtension;asenseoftruecompletioncomesonlywiththespeaker'sdeath.IDiedForBeautyButWasScarce IdiedforbeautybutwasscarceAdjustedinthetomb,WhenonewhodiedfortruthwaslainInanadjoiningroom. HequestionedsoftlywhyIfailed?"Forbeauty,"Ireplied."AndIfortruth,thetwoareone;Webrethrenare,"hesaid. Andso,askinsmenmetanight,Wetalkedbetweentherooms,Untilthemosshadreachedourlips,Andcoveredupournames. Thespeaker:diedforBeauty amanlaidinatombnexttoher:diedforTruth. Whenthetwosoftlytoldeachotherwhytheydied,themandeclaredthatTruthandBeautyarethesame soheandthespeakerwere"Brethren." "andtalkedasKinsmen"betweentheirtombsuntilthemossreachedtheirlipsandcoveredupthenamesontheirtombstones. bizarre,allegoricaldeathfantasy itsmannerofpresentationbelongsuniquelytoDickinson. "BeautyisTruth,TruthBeauty"-----Keats,OdeonaGrecianUrn themacabrephysicalityofdeath,thehighidealismofmartyrdom("IdiedforBeauty...OnewhodiedforTruth") acertainkindofromanticyearningcombinedwithlongingforPlatoniccompanionship("Andso,asKinsmen,metaNight--"), andanoptimismabouttheafterlife(itwouldbenicetohaveafriend)withterroraboutthefactofdeath(itwouldbehorribletolieinthecemeteryhavingaconversationthroughthewallsofatomb). Asthepoemprogresses,thehighidealismandyearningforcompanionshipgraduallygivewaytomute,colddeath, asthemosscreepsupthespeaker'scorpseandherheadstone,obliteratingbothhercapacitytospeak(coveringherlips)andheridentity(coveringhername). Theultimateeffectofthispoemistoshowthateveryaspectofhumanlife--ideals,humanfeelings,identityitself--iserasedbydeath. Butbymakingtheerasuregradual--somethingtobe"adjusted"tointhetomb--andbyportrayingaspeakerwhoisuntroubledbyherowngrimstate,Dickinsoncreatesascenethatis,byturns,grotesqueandcompelling,frighteningandcomforting.Poeticforms ThispoemfollowsmanyofDickinson'stypicalformalpatterns: --theABCBrhymescheme, therhythmicuseofthedashtointerrupttheflow--buthasamoreregularmeter thefirstandthirdlinesineachstanzaareiambictetrameter, whilethesecondandfourthlinesareiambictrimeter, creatingafour-three-four-threestresspatternineachstanza.《我为美而死》 我为美死去，却还不曾在墓中安息，又来一位为真理而死的人栖身我的隔壁。 他悄言问我何以逝去“为了美。”我回答。“而我为真理。真与美是一体；我们是兄弟。” 就这样，像亲人在夜里相遇我们隔墙倾谈直到苍苔爬至我们的唇际掩没掉，我们的名字 译/青裳 thankyou